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Footing
Design
i
Types of Footing
Wall footings are used to
support structural walls that
carry loads for other floors
or to support nonstructural
walls.
Types of Footing
Isolated or single footings
are used to support single
columns. This is one of the
most economical types of
footings and is used when
columns are spaced at
relatively long distances.
Types of Footing
Combined footings usually
support two columns, or
three columns not in a row.
Combined footings are used
when two columns are so
close that single footings
cannot be used or when one
col mn is located at or near
column
a property line.
Types of Footing
Cantilever or strap footings
consist of two single
footings connected with a
beam or a strap and support
two single columns. This
type replaces a combined
footing and is more
economical.
economical
Types of Footing
Continuous footings
support a row of three or
more columns. They have
limited width and continue
under all columns.
Types of Footing
Rafted or mat foundation
consists of one footing
usually placed under the
entire building area. They
are used, when soil bearing
capacity
it is
i low,
l
column
l
loads are heavy single
footings cannot be used,
piles are not used and
differential settlement must
be reduced.
Types of Footing
Pile caps are thick slabs
used to tie a group of piles
together to support and
transmit column loads to the
piles.
Ps
qall ( net )
I = 3.5122.5 = 8.9m 4
Check stress
3
M 150
e=
=
= 0.111 < L6 = 36.5 = 0.583
P 1350
Ps M s C 1350 150 32.5
+
=
+
= 183.7 kPa
A
I
8.75
8 .9
Ps M s C 1350 150 32.5
= 124.7 kPa
A
I
8.75
8.9
124.7
183 7
183.7
Ultimate p
pressure under footingg
166kPa
8 .9
A
I
8.75
245
166
245
25
530 2500 / 1000 = 828.13kN
6
= 567.5kN
VU < VC
3.5m
245
166
P1 = 211(1.5)(2.5) = 791.25kN
P2 = 12 (245 211)(1.5)(2.5) = 63.75kN
245
25
2 106 * 657.2
657 2
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 = 0.00254
2
0.9(0.85)25 * 530 * 2500
420
AS = 0.00254 530 1000 = 1346mm 2 13.5cm 2 use 716 / m long
g direction
2 5m
2.5m
Short direction
M U at d from column face
(245 + 166)
(1 3.5)0.5 = 719.25kN .m
MU =
2
b = 3500, d = 530mm
245
25
2 106 * 719.25
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 = 0.002
2
420
0.9(0.85
0 85)25 * 530 * 3500
AS = 0.002 530 1000 = 1060mm 2 10.1cm 2
245
166
short direction
3.5
= 1.4
2.5
2
2
=
= 0.83
+ 1 2.4
214
716/m
714/m
214
Footing Design
Part II
C bi d ffooting
Combined
ti
Example 1
Design a combined footing As shown
qall ( net ) = 20t / m 2 = 200kPa
f c = 25 N mm 2
f y = 420 N mm 2
Dimension calculation
Th base
The
b
dimension
di
i to get uniform
if
di
distributed
ib d lload
d
2000kN
800 kN
1200 kN
x1=0.2m
x2=6.2m
x
800(0.2)+1200(6.2)=2000(x)
x = 3.8m
800 kN
1200 kN
Try thickness
=80cm
2x =7.6 m
Area required
Ps
qall ( net )
2000 103
2
=
10
m
7.6 *1.8
=
3
200 10
Pu (2600)103
qu =
=
= 190 103 Pa = 190kPa
A
7.6 *1.8
1.13m
0.765
VC = 2 + s
bo d = 0.75 2 +
VC =
oK
K
B
bo = 4[(730 + 400)] = 4520mm
fc '
25
VC =
730 4520 / 1000 = 4124.4kN
bo d = 0.75
3
3
s d fc '
40 730
25
VC = 2 +
bo d = 0.75 2 +
oK
direction
ve M = 1366kN .m
b = 1800mm, d = 730mm
25
2 106 *1366
= 0.85 *
= 0.0039
1 - 1 2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 730 *1800
AS = 0.0039 730 1000 = 2847mm 2 = 28.5cm 2 use 9 20 / m Top
+ ve M = 246.7kN .m
b = 1800mm, d = 730mm
25
2 106 * 246.7
= 0.85 *
= 0.0007 < min
1 - 1 2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 730 *1800
AS min = 0.0018 800 1000 = 1440mm 2 = 14.4cm 2 use 716 / m Bottom
B tt
direction
Under Column A
1040
0.765 1.8 0.4
M=
= 141.6
(1.8 * 0.765)
2
2
b = 765mm, d = 730mm
2
25
2 106 *141.6
= 0.85 *
< min
1 - 1 2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 730 * 765
AS min = 0.0018 800 765 = 1101.6mm 2 = 11cm 2 use 714 / m
Under Column B
1560
1.13 1.8 0.4
M=
= 212.33
(1.8 *1.13)
2
2
b = 1130mm, d = 730mm
2
25
2 106 * 212.33
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 < min
2
0.9(0.85)25 * 730 *1130
420
AS min = 0.0018 800 765 = 1101.6mm 2 = 11cm 2 use 714 / m
Footing
g Design
g
Part III
Combined footing, strip footing, & Mat foundation
Example 2
Design a combined footing As shown
qall ( net ) = 18 t / m 2 = 180kPa
f c = 25 N mm 2
f y = 420 N mm 2
Dimension calculation
The base dimension to get uniform distributed load
1950kN
1200 kN
750 kN
750(4.2)+1200(0.2)
750(4
2)+1200(0 2)=1950
1950 (x)
x = 1.75m
x1=0.2m
x2=4.2
m
B1 + 2 B2 L
x =
B1 + B2 3
Area required
qall ( net ) = 20t / m 2 = 200kPa,
Ag =
Ps
qall ( net )
1950 103
2
=
=
10
.
8
m
180 103
B1 + B2
L = 10.8
2
B1 + B2
4.35 = 10.8
2
B1 + B2
= 2.5
2
B1 + B2 = 5
B + 2 B2 L 5 + B2 4.35
x = 1
=
B1 + B2 3 5 3
1.75 = 1.45 + 0.29 B2
B2 = 1m
B1 = 4 m
Pu 1.3(1950 ) 103
qu =
=
= 235 103 Pa = 235kPa
A
10.8
A
bo = 2(732) + 1065 = 2590mm
B2 1
B2=1m
B1=4m
fc '
25
bo d = 0.75
665 2590 / 1000 = 2160.4kN
3
3
d fc '
30 665
25
VC = 2 + s
bo d = 0.75 2 +
VC =
oK
K
B
bo = 2(633) + 965 = 2231 mm
fc '
25
VC =
bo d = 0.75
665 2231 / 1000 = 1854.5kN
3
3
sd fc '
30 665
25
VC = 2 +
bo d = 0.75 2 +
oK
Draw S
S.F.D
FD & B
B.M.D
MD
m
Convert trapezoidal load to rectangle
wave = 235 + 23 (940 235) = 705
M max =
wl
705(3.65)
=
= 1174 kN .m
8
8
2
Mmax
Y=1.5m
4m
1m
direction
b = 1 + 2( 24..25
35 ) 1.5 = 2.60m = 2600
2 106 *1260
25
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 = 0.003
2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 665 * 2600
AS = 0.003 665 1000 = 1995mm 2 = 20cm 2 use 1016 / m Top
Bottom
direction
Under Column A
b' = 1 + 2( 34..62
35 ) 1.5 = 3.5m = 3500mm
b' = 1 + 2( 04.633
.35 ) 1.5 = 1.44m = 1440mm
b=
3.5 + 4
m = 3.75m = 3750mm
2
1560
0.733 3.75 0.4
M=
= 583.6
(3.75 * 0.733)
2
2
d = 665mm
2
25
2 106 * 583.57
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 = 0.005
2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 665 * 733
AS = 0.005 665 733 = 3325mm 2 = 33cm 2 use 10 20
Under Column B
b=
1.44 + 1
m = 1.22m = 1220mm
2
975
0.633 1.22 0.3
M=
= 84.6
(1.22 * 0.633)
2
2
b = 633mm, d = 665mm
2
25
2 106 * 84.6
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 < min
2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 665 * 633
AS min = 0.0018 750 633 = 854.6mm 2 = 8.6cm 2 use 614
Reinforcement details
f c = 25 N mm 2
f y = 420 N mm 2
Dimension calculation
The base dimension to get uniform distributed load
3040kN
800 kN
1280 kN
960 kN
Assume
L1=0.6
x1=5.2m
x2=10 7m
x2=10.7m
800(0.6)+1280(5.1)+960(10.6)=
800(0
6)+1280(5 1)+960(10 6)
3040 (x)
x = 5.65m,
2(x)=11.3m
L2=11.3 - (10.6)=0.7
L2
Ps
qall ( net )
3040 103
2
=
16
.
9
m
11.3m 1.8m
=
3
180 10
Pu 1.3(3040 )103
qu =
=
= 195 103 Pa = 195kPa
A
11.3 1.8
Example
B
bo = 4(630 + 400)) = 4120mm
fc '
25
VC =
bo d = 0.75
630 4120 / 1000 = 3244.5kN
3
3
s d fc '
40 630
25
VC = 2 +
bo d = 0.75 2 +
oK
direction
ve M = 1366kN .m
b = 1800mm, d = 730mm
25
2 106 *1365
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 = 0.0053
2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 630 *1800
AS = 0.0053 630 1000 = 3362mm 2 = 33.6cm 2 use 9 22 / m Top
+ ve M = 246.7 kN .m
b = 1800mm, d = 730mm
25
2 106 * 81
= 0.85 *
1 - 1 < mini
2
420
0.9(0.85)25 * 730 *1800
AS min = 0.0018 700 1000 = 1260mm 2 = 12.6cm 2 use 814 / m Bottom
Design Short
Reinforcement details
Mat Foundation
Rf 2
G
General
l Example,
E
l Ref.
Modified load