“GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL---A DREAM OF INDIA’’

Submitted to the

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

KAKINADA

in partial fulfillment of the

award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Civil Engineering

By

D.BHARGAV PRAKASH (05021A0122)

Department Of Civil Engineering

University College of Engineering
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada
Kakinada-533003
2005-2009
 ABSTRACT

“REGARDING GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL”

Golden quadrilateral is the great project of highways which has been launched
by our former honorable prime minister “Atal Bihari Vajpayee”. It is the dream of
India which brings a rapid changes and development in the field of engineering. The
success of this project may also bring a tremendous economic improvement and
shows the intelligency of Indian brain especially in the field of civil engineering.
Golden quadrilateral is nothing but the first phase NHDP (national highway
development project). By the development of this project, the advantages of having a
well developed network of world class highways are many for a nation like India
-poised to surge ahead are Savings in vehicle operating costs ,Faster, comfortable
journeys, Reduced fuel consumption ,Safer travel ,Benefits to trade especially in
movement of perishable, Reduced maintenance costs ,Safer travel ,All round
development of areas etc., Through this project People began to see that India is
transforming.The main aim of an engineering is to bring progress and many benefits
to the nation and people. The Golden Quadrilateral and its diagonals carry roughly
60% of the passenger traffic and about 75% of the freight traffic in India. The name
has also been used to refer to a large highway project linking the Indian metros.
Though the project is not yet completely completed it is playing a prominent role in
succeeded areas. There is say “the people, and the people alone, are the motive
force in the making of world history”. Thus through this project, we get a world
history where our next generation will learn and know about it.
 “GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL”
--A DREAM OF INDIA

♣ INTRODUCTION:-

The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) is the largest express highway project in

India launched by former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, however the credit
should go to the prime minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, as he was the one who
completed most part ( about 75%) of the project.It is the first phase of the National
Highways Development Project (NHDP), and consists of building 5,846 kilometres of
four/six lane express highways connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai (thus
forming a quadrilateral of sorts), at a cost of Rs. 60,000 crores .

The National Highways Development Project is a project to upgrade,

rehabilitate and widen major highways in India to a higher standard. The project was
implemented in 1998. "National Highways" account for only about 2% of the total
length of roads, but carry about 40% of the total traffic across the length and breadth
of the country. This project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India
under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways
 ♣ PHASES:

The project is comprised of the following phases:

• Phase I: The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ; 5,846 km) connecting the four
major cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. This project connecting
four metro cities, would be 5,846 km. Total cost of the project is Rs300 billion
(US$6.8 billion), funded largely by the government’s special petroleum
product tax revenues and government borrowing. As of 2 June 2008 5,669 km
of the intended 5,846 km has been 4 laned.

• Phase II: North-South and East-West corridors comprising national

highways connecting four extreme points of the country. The North-South and
East-West Corridor (NS-EW; 7,300 km) connecting Srinagar in the north to
Kanyakumari in the south, including spur from Salem to Kochi(Via
Coimbatore, and Silchar in the east to Porbandar in the west. Total length of
the network is 7,300 km. As of September 2007, 20.37% of the project had
been completed. It also includes Port connectivity and other projects —
1,157 km. The final completion date to February 28, 2009 at a cost of Rs350
billion (US$8 billion), with funding similar to Phase I.

• Phase III: The government recently approved NHDP-III to upgrade

12,109 km of national highways on a Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT)
basis, which takes into account high-density traffic, connectivity of state
capitals via NHDP Phase I and II, and connectivity to centres of economic
importance. Contracts have been awarded for a 2,075 km.

• Phase IV: The government is considering widening 20,000 km of highway

that were not part of Phase I, II, or III. Phase IV will convert existing single
lane highways into two lanes with paved shoulders. The plan will soon be
presented to the government for approval.
 • Phase V: As road traffic increases over time, a number of four lane
highways will need to be upgraded/expanded to six lanes. The current plan
calls for upgrade of about 5,000 km of four-lane roads, although the
government has not yet identified the stretches.

• Phase VI: The government is working on constructing expressways that

would connect major commercial and industrial townships. It has already
identified 400 km of Baroda-Mumbai section that would connect to the
existing Baroda-Ahmedabad section. The World Bank is studying this project.
The project will be funded on BOT basis.

• Phase VII: This phase calls for improvements to city road networks by
adding ring roads to enable easier connectivity with national highways to
important cities. In addition, improvements will be made to stretches of
national highways that require additional flyovers and bypasses given
population and housing growth along the highways and increasing traffic. The
government has not yet identified a firm investment plan for this phase

♣ NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY OF INDIA (NHAI):-

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is the national authority

for the management of a network of over 60,000 km of National Highways in India[1].
The Authority is a part of the Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways.

The NHAI was created with the promulgation of the National Highways
Authority of India Act, 1988. The Authority was formally made operational in
February 1995 as an autonomous body. It succeeds the erstwhile Ministry of Surface
Transport.

♣ RESPONSIBILITIES:-
I
 It is responsible for the development, maintenance, management and operation
of National Highways entrusted to it by the Government of India

♣ PROJECTS:-

On-ramps, off-ramps, and exits are largely absent except in certain areas,
although safety features such as guardrails, shoulders, and high-visibility signs are
used. The National Highways Authority of India has produced statistics to indicate
that, as of September 2007, 96% of the entire work has been completed. However,
these statistics appear to be misleading: in practice, roadworks are still a major feature
of certain sections of the Golden Quadrilateral.

For example, the statistics indicate that the Delhi to Mumbai section is 100%
complete, whereas in reality there are a number of sections which are still single
carriageway and in very poor repair (for example the stretch to Ahmadabad in
Gujarat).

The whole project is a few years behind schedule, due mainly to issues with
the various states about giving up land for the national highway and the termination of
several contracts which take 6 months to be issued. In January, 2008 it was announced
that the project will now be expanded to cover 6,500 kilometers, some portions of
which will be developed into eight lanes.

The GQ project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India

(NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. The Mumbai-Pune
Expressway, the first controlled-access toll road to be built in India is a part of the GQ
Project though not funded by NHAI. Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services
(IL&FS) has been one of the major contributors to the infrastructural development
activity in the GQ project.

♣ ECONOMIC BENEFITS:-
 This highway will interconnect many major cities and ports. It will give an
impetus to truck transport throughout India. It will help in the industrial growth of all
small towns through which it passes.

It will provide vast opportunities for transport of agricultural produce from

the hinterland to major cities and ports for export. In addition, it will provide job
opportunities in its construction as well as demand for cement, steel and other
construction materials.

CONTROVERSIS AND CHARGES OF CORRUPTION:-

The project involves an enormous outlay of funds and has been the focus of
several charges of corruption. In August 2003, project director Satyendra Dubey, in a
letter to the Prime Minister, outlined a list of malafide actions in a segment of this
highway in Bihar. Dubey claimed that the contractors for this stretch were not
executing the project themselves, but had sub-contracted the work to small builders
who lacked technical expertise.

This would lead to substandard work, he claimed. Within months of this

whistleblowing action, Dubey was brutally assassinated in Gaya, Bihar. It is not clear
that any action was taken by NHAI on the more germane issues raised by Dubey.

In February 2006, a 600 meter stretch of the highway connecting Kolkata to

Chennai subsided into the ground, opening up ten meter gorges near Bally, West
Bengal 2. This stretch had been completed a year back by a Malaysian multinational
firm, selected after global tendering.

MAJOR CITIES WHERE WE FIND GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL:-

The completed Golden Quadrilateral will pass through many major cities throughout
the length and breadth of India.

Delhi-Kolkata

Kolkata-Chennai

 Chennai-Mumbai
 Mumbai-Delhi

♣ DELHI-KOLKATA ROAD:-

National Highway 2 or NH 2, commonly referred as Delhi-Kolkata Road is a

busy highway that runs through Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and
West Bengal states in India.

The highway touches the cities of Faridabad in Haryana, Mathura, Agra,

Etawah, Bhoganipur, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, Mohania in
Bihar, Barhi in Jharkhand and Asansol, Durgapur, Baidyabati, Kolkata in West
Bengal.

♣ KOLKATA-CHENNAI ROAD:-

National Highway 6, commonly referred to as NH 6, is a busy highway that

runs through south Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand and West
Bengal state in India. The highway passes through the cities of Surat, Dhule, Nagpur,
Raipur, Sambalpur, Kolkota. The road is the part of National Highway network of
India, and it is officially listed as running over 1949 km from Hazira to Kolkata.

National Highway 5 (NH 5) is a major National Highway in India that runs

along India's east coast through the states of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
The northern terminal is in Jharpokharia in Orissa and the southern terminal is in
Chennai in Tamil Nadu. NH 5 is a part of the Golden Quadrilateral project undertaken
by National Highways Authority of India.
 ♣ CHENNAI-MUMBAI ROAD:-

National Highway 4 is the highway between Mumbai and Chennai. The

highway, passing through Pune, Hubli-Dharwad and Bangalore, is also one of the
busiest highways in India.

This highway is part of the Indian government's Golden Quadrilateral

Project.As a part of project this highway has been converted to four lane from two
lane. The highway was known as P.B.Road ( Pune-Bangalore Road )in some parts of
Karnataka state.

National Highway 7, commonly referred to as NH 7, is a busy highway that

runs through of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu state in India.

The highway touches the cities of Varanasi, Rewa, Jabalpur, Nagpur,

Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kanyakumari. The road is a part of National Highway
network of India, and it is officially listed as running over 2369 km from Varanasi to
Kanyakumari. It is the longest national highway in India.

National Highway 46 is located in India. It runs from Krishnagiri to Ranipet

in Tamil Nadu. It passes through Vellore and it is an important connecting road for
vehicles travelling between Chennai and Bangalore.

FUTURE PLANS:-

The Indian Government has set ambitious plans for upgradation of the National
Highways in a phased manner in the years to come. The details are as follows:

• 4-laning of 10,000 km (NHDP Phase- III) including 4,000 km that has been
already approved. An accelerated road development programme for the North
Eastern region.
• 2-laning with paved shoulders of 20,000 km of National Highways under
NHDP Phase-IV.
 • 6-laning of GQ and some other selected stretches covering 6,500 km under
NHDP Phase-V.
• Development of 1,000 km of express ways under NHDP Phase-VI.
• Development of ring roads, bypasses, grade separators, service roads, etc.
under NHDP Phase-VII.

CONCLUSION:-

Thus these are the benefits, ideas and the history behind the establishment of
this great project. This highway will interconnect many major cities and ports. It will
give an impetus to truck transport throughout India. It will help in the industrial
growth of all small towns through which it passes. Many great people says like this:
"The perception of India earlier was that it cannot be in the rank of other fast-growing
nations," said Sudheendra Kulkarni, who was an aide to Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the
former prime minister who championed the project. With the highway, Mr. Kulkarni
said, "People began to see that India is transforming." In addition, it will provide
job opportunities in its construction as well as demand for cement, steel and other
construction materials. Thus lets us contribute our part in making this project success
as a citizen of India.

REFERENCE:-

www.nhai.org

New York Times article on Indian National Highways.

www.wikipedia.org.