BLOOD COAGULATION TEST

EXAMINATION USES METHODS NURSING

CONSIDERATION

PT/INR • Used to monitor patients taking warfarin • Venipuncture

Internal Normalize Ratio/ • May also indicate Vitamin K deficiency in
Prothrombine Time various blood clotting factors

APTT or PTT • Measures all the coagulation reactions that • Venipuncture

Activated partial occur inside the body except platelet
Thromboplastin time aggregation
Use to monitor patients on heparin therapy

• Assess the integrity of platelet function • Three small scratches are made on the No special preparation
Bleeding Time patient’s skin and then the time it takes for needed.
the bleeding to stop is recorded.

Platelet aggregation • Measures the rate and degree to which the • A material is added on the blood sample
platelet form clamps. that stimulates aggregation

Plasma Thrombin Time • Allows quick analysis of how much fibrinogen • Amounts of bovine (cattle) thrombin are
is in the blood. added to a sample of blood that has very
few platelets.

Plasma Fibrinogen • Measures levels of fibrinogen in the blood • Venipuncture

BLOOD SUGAR TESTS

EXAMINATION USES METHODS NURSING
CONSIDERATION

FBS • Measures the amount of sugar in the blood • Venipuncture • Fasting at least eight
Fasting blood Sugar hours or overnight

RBS • Measures the blood sugar at any point in time • Venipuncture • No special procedure
Random blood sugar • Capillary puncture

OGTT • Measures the body’s response to sugar • Fasting blood sugar is measured • Client must eat normally
Oral Glucose first the client should drink a and be in good health
Tolerance test sugary solution

A1C • Gauges how well the client is managing his/her • Venipuncture

Gycosylated diabetes and Reflects average blood sugar for the
hemoglobin Tests past 2 to 3 months
 EXAMINATIONS USES
• Measure concentration of
oxygen, carbon dioxide,
ABG bicarbonates and pH in the
Arterial Blood Gas blood.
• Evaluate respiratory disease
and conditions that affects the
lungs.
BLOOD CHEMISTRY • Use to check electrolytes and
Serum electrolyte minerals that helps keep the
Na, K, Cl, HCo3, BUN, Crea body’s fluid levels in balance
CARDIAC ENZYME STUDIES • Use to determine whether the
patient is having a heat attach
or threatened heart attack
LIPID PROFILE
Total Cholesterol • A group of tests that are often
HDL ( High density Lipoprotein) ordered together to determine
LDL ( Low density lipoprotein) risk of coronary heart disease
Triglycerides
MANTOUX TEST • Diagnostic tool for tuberculosis
Tuberculin Sensitivity Test;
Pirquet Test, PPD)
URINALYSIS • It is ordered as a routine
Color and appearance urinalysis when admitted to
specific gravity; pH the hospital, wellness exam,
ketone bodies;protein pregnancy evaluation or a
urobilinogen; bilirubin work-up for a planned surgery.
RBC; WBC; hCG
Glucose; Nitrates
FECALYSIS • Useful in diagnosing different
condition and diseases of the
digestive tract.
THROAT CULTURE • Is a test to find a bacterial,
fungal or viral infection in the
throat
PROCEDURE
• The test is performed using a
small needle to collect a sample
of blood from an artery
• The sample may be collected
from the radial artery in the wrist,
femoral artery in the groin or the
brachial artery in the arm.
• Venipuncture
• Veni pucture
• Venipuncture
• 0.1 ml solution for injection is
injected intra dermal and read 48
to 72 hours later
• A sample of well mixed urine
usually (10-15 ml) is centrifuged
in a test tube at relatively low
speed for 5-10 minutes until a
moderately cohesive button is
produced at the bottom of the
tube.
• A small smear of stool is placed
on a microscope slide and
examined
• A sample swabbed from the
throat is put in a special cup that
allows infection to grow.
NURSING CONSIDERATION
• No special preparation
• Client can choose to have
anesthesia at the site
• Apply pressure over site for 5-10
minutes to help prevent
bleeding.
• The patient should not eat
overnight before the test
• No special preparation is
required before having this test.
• Fasting at least eight hours or
overnight
• No special procedure
• No special procedure
• Instruct the client to obtain a
midstream urine (clean catch)
• No special procedure
• No special procedure
 COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT

EXAMINATION USES METHODS NURSING

CONSIDERATION

WBC • Actual count of WBC per volume of blood

white blood cells

RBC • Actual number of RBC per volume of blood

red blood cells

Hgb • Measures amount of oxygen carrying protein in the blood

Hemoglobin Venipuncture No special Procedure
Capillary
Hct • Measures the amount of space red blood cells take in the blood Puncture
Hematocrit

PC/ Plt Count • Number of platelets in a given volume of blood

Platelet Count

MCV • Calculation of the amount of oxygen carrying hemoglobin inside

Mean Corpuscular volume your RBCs

RDW • Calculation of the variation in the size of our RBCs

Red cell distribution width

BT • Use to determine blood type

Blood typing