INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE

CREACION DE UN MOLDE PARA VELADORAS DECORATIVAS

TLAXIACO
CARRERA: INGENIERIA MECATRONICA

ASESOR: ING. DANIEL CARBAJAL DIAZ

ELABORO: EDITH ESMERALDA CRUZ SANCHEZ

CARRERA: ING MECATRONICA

GRUPO: U

LUGAR Y FECHA: HEROICA CIUDAD DE TLAXIACO, CARRETERA A PUTLA,

LLANO YOSOBE KM 56.

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Tabla de contenido

1. Resumen.......................................................................................................3
2. Antecedentes................................................................................................3
3. Marco terico................................................................................................4
4. Objetivos.......................................................................................................6
4.1 objetivo general..............................................................................................6
4.2 Objetivos especficos......................................................................................6
5. Metas.............................................................................................................6
6. Metodologa..................................................................................................7
Fase 1: investigacin.........................................................................................7
Fase 2: diseo...................................................................................................7
Fase 3: procesado.............................................................................................7
7. Recursos.......................................................................................................8
8. Cronograma..................................................................................................8
9. Referencias...................................................................................................9
10.

Anexos.....................................................................................................10

1. Resumen......................................................................3
2. Antecedentes.............................................................3
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3. Marco terico.............................................................4
4. Objetivos......................................................................6
4.1 objetivo general.........................................................6
4.2 Objetivos especficos.................................................6
5. Metas.............................................................................6
6. Metodologa................................................................7
Fase 1: investigacin.....................................................7
Fase 2: diseo..................................................................7
Fase 3: procesado.........................................................18
7. Recursos....................................................................19

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1. Resumen
En el instituto tecnolgico de Tlaxiaco se encuentra un Centro de Manufactura integrado (CIM); en l
se encuentran diferentes equipos, como son un brazo robtico, fresadora CNC, entre otros.
Actualmente el CIM no se encuentra en operacin, debido a falta de proyectos e investigacin. Por tal
motivo se pretende crear un molde que servir para la creacin de veladoras decorativas, y as poder
utilizar la fresadora CNC, en base al cdigo de procesado obtenido del software unigrafics Nx.

2. Antecedentes
Uno de los elementos que ha jugado un papel fundamental en el desarrollo tecnolgico en el mundo
ha sido la mquina herramienta y podemos decir, que ha afectado directamente en el desarrollo
industrial. Gracias a la utilizacin de la mquina herramienta se ha podido realizar de forma prctica,
maquinaria de todo tipo que ayuda a la disminucin de tiempos en la produccin as como su
optimizacin.

Esta necesidad sumada a numerosos y nuevos requerimientos que da a da

aparecieron forz a la utilizacin de nuevas tcnicas que remplazaron al operador humano. As fue
como se introdujo el control numrico en los procesos de fabricacin, impuesto por varias razones:

Necesidad de fabricar productos que no se podan conseguir en cantidades y calidad

suficientes sin recurrir a la automatizacin del procesos de fabricacin

Necesidad de obtener productos hasta entonces muy difciles de fabricar, por ser

excesivamente complejos para ser controlados por un operador humano.

Necesidad de bajar costos de produccin para ser competitivos y as proporcionar productos a
precios bajos.

El factor primordial que condiciono todo automatismo fue el aumento de productividad.

Posteriormente, debido a las nuevas necesidades de la industria aparecieron factores como la
precisin, rapidez y flexibilidad.

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En 1801 Jacquard Loom ide una maquina textil que poda realizar distintos tipos de tejidos sin ms
que variar los programas de fabricacin, que se introducan en la unidad de control de la maquina a
travs de unas tarjetas perforadas.
En 1942 surgi lo que se podra llamar el primer control numrico (CN) verdadero, derivado a una
necesidad impuesta por la industria aeronutica para la realizacin de hlices de helicpteros de
diferentes configuraciones, no fue hasta la dcada de los 70s que se conoce como CNC por la
aplicacin de computadoras.
El nombre CN se le asignaba a maquinas programables que no iban equipadas a la computadora

3. Marco terico
Un CN significa mando mediante nmeros, con este sistema se consigue que las maquinas realicen
su trabajo de forma automtica, mediante la introduccin en la memoria del CN de un programa en el
que se encuentran definidas en clave toda las operaciones del proceso.
Con el avance de la tecnologa, la miniaturizacin y abaratamiento de los microprocesadores, se ha
podido generalizar su instalacin en todas las mquinas de CN. A estas mquinas se les denomina
CNC (control numrico computarizado).
Ventajas del CNC

Reduce la intervencin del operador en la produccin de piezas dejando al operador tiempo

libre para hacer dems tareas. Trayendo beneficios como reduccin de fatiga al operador,
disminucin de errores humanos, disminucin de tiempos estimados para el maquinado de

cada pieza, se reducen tiempos muertos.

Exactitud y repetitividad de especificaciones.
Se permite la fabricacin de piezas con superficies tridimensionales, como moldes para la
inyeccin de plstico y en construcciones aeronuticas.

Desventajas del CNC

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Alto costo de la maquinaria

La planificacin del trabajo debe ser ms detallada y rigurosa, es necesario programar en
forma correctamente la seleccin de las herramientas de corte y la secuencia de operacin

para un eficiente funcionamientos

Los costos de mantenimiento aumentan, ya que es necesario capacitar al personal de servicio
y operacin.

El CNC tiene como finalidad ofrecer una alternativa ms rpida y eficiente para diferentes procesos
de manufactura, y en muchas ocasiones interactuainteracta con otros procesos, como son el
barrenado de una pieza.
La velocidad de corte (Vc) implica que tan rpido puede cortar avanzar cortando el material, se puede
decir que es la distancia que una herramienta corta en un minuto.
Para determinar la velocidad de corte se requiere de la tabla que proporciona el fabricando de la
fresadora.
Vc= *D*n

Vc=velocidad de corte
D= dimetro de material o herramienta
n=revoluciones

Velocidad de giro (rpm)

La velocidad de giro ptima de la herramienta depende, en cada caso del material de la herramienta,
as como de su dimetro. Esta se introduce directamente y sin clculos en base a la experiencia. El
clculo de n se hace a partir de la siguiente formula.
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N= Vc*1000

4. Objetivos
4.1 objetivo general
Crear un molde para la elaboracin de veladoras decorativas, utilizando el centro de manufactura
integrada que se encuentra en el Centro Integrado de Manufactura (CIM) que se encuentra en del
Instituto Tecnolgico de Tlaxiaco

4.2 Objetivos especficos

Crear el diseo en el software unigrafics

Simular el procesado de manufactura en dicho software
Crear el cdigo de procesado
Elaborar el molde con el centro de manufactura integrada

5. Metas
Dicha investigacin seria conveniente realizar con el fin de fortalecer los conocimientos obtenidos
previamente, y as mismo poder utilizar las maquinas que se encuentran en el CIM.

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Con la presente investigacin se pretende reforzar los conocimientos obtenidos durante los
semestres ya cursados, as mismo poner en uso las maquinas dentro del CIM, con ello se pretende
poder realizar un molde cerrado que posteriormente ser utilizado para la elaboracin de veladoras
decorativas, se pretenden vender en poca de semana santa

6. Metodologa
Fase 1: investigacin
En esta etapa se realiz la investigacin, de cmo es el proceso de elaboracin de las veladoras, as
como el uso adecuada de la fresadora automtica. Para la elaboracin de veladoras dice que
debemos fundir la cera, posteriormente verter la cera liquida a dicho molde para su posterior
enfriamiento.
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Fase 2: diseo

Crear Se cre el diseo del molde en unigrafics, con sus respectivos planos. (anexo 1
)

Ensam

lar Se ensamblo
el

molde

para

verificar que al
momento
realizar

de
dicho

molde no haiga errores en su elaboracin, asi como evitar la fuga de cera en el proceso de
vaciado.

Crear Se cre el
ayuda del software.

(cdigo de maquinado)
%
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N0170 G1 Y-1.3242

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cdigo de maquinado con

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N2630 G3 X2.5528 Y-1.4551 I-2.1611 J1.284

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Pgina
16

N3610 X.7175 Y4.5407 I-2.2986 J-2.1999

N3620 G1 X.4691 Y4.4535
N3630 X.7175 Y4.5407
N3640 X1.0518 Y4.875
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N3740 X3.125 Y4.0768
N3750 G3 X3.092 Y4.1118 I-2.1634 J-2.0039
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N3770 X2.8217 Y4.2295
N3780 X3.0793 Y4.125
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Pgina
17

N4100 G2 X2.75 Y-.9306 I1.8809 J-.4079

N4110 G1 X2.837 Y-.6383
N4120 X2.75 Y-.9306
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N4250 G3 X-1.3889 Y-3.125 I2.1382 J-.0468
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N4270 X-1.3889 Y-3.125
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N4360 G1 X-1.9762 Y-2.8709
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N4400 X-3.
N4410 Z4.125
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N4430 X-4.5
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N4450 G1 Z4.
N4460 X-4.25
N4470 Y5.25
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N4500 X-.2671 Y4.2046
N4510 X-.4282 Y4.1945
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N4550 G1 Y-1.3242
N4560 X-1.047 Y-1.3537
N4570 X-1.0495 Y-1.3836
N4580 Y-1.3838

Pgina
18

N4590 G3 X-.0077 Y-2.4793 I1.0104 J-.0822

N4600 G1 X0.0 Y-2.479
N4610 X.0077 Y-2.4793
N4620 G3 X1.0495 Y-1.3837 I.0314 J1.0133
N4630 G1 X1.047 Y-1.3537
N4640 X1.0518 Y-1.324
N4650 G2 X2.1682 Y.7052 I3.3819 J-.539
N4660 G3 X2.2793 Y3.3339 I-1.2066 J1.3677
N4670 X.4282 Y4.1945 I-2.0277 J-1.9406
N4680 G1 X.2671 Y4.2046
N4690 X.153 Y4.5066
N4700 X.8964 Y5.25
N4710 X4.25
N4720 Y-4.25
N4730 X-4.25
N4740 Y-1.8403
N4750 X-3.875
N4760 Y4.875
N4770 X-1.0518
N4780 X-.7175 Y4.5407
N4790 X-.4691 Y4.4535
N4800 X-.7175 Y4.5407
N4810 G3 X-2.5502 Y3.5932 I.4659 J-3.1474
N4820 X-3.1302 Y2.4367 I1.5886 J-1.5203
N4830 G1 X-3.5 Y2.4987
N4840 Y4.5
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N4860 X-1.6339 Y4.5814
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N4880 G3 X-2.8211 Y3.8525 I1.7316 J-3.1067
N4890 X-3.5 Y2.4987 I1.8595 J-1.7796
N4900 G1 X-3.5179 Y2.0729
N4910 X-3.5 Y2.4987
N4920 X-3.125 Y4.0768
N4930 Y4.125
N4940 X-3.0793
N4950 X-2.8217 Y4.2295
N4960 X-3.0793 Y4.125
N4970 X-3.092 Y4.1118
N4980 G3 X-3.125 Y4.0768 I2.1304 J-2.0389
N4990 G1 X-3.5 Y2.4987
N5000 X-3.1302 Y2.4367
N5010 G3 X-2.4163 Y.424 I2.1686 J-.3638
N5020 G2 X-1.4244 Y-1.3687 I-2.0174 J-2.287
N5030 G3 X0.0 Y-2.8542 I1.3853 J-.0973
N5040 X1.4244 Y-1.3687 I.0391 J1.3882
N5050 G2 X2.4163 Y.424 I3.0093 J-.4943
N5060 G3 X2.5502 Y3.5932 I-1.4547 J1.6489
N5070 X.7175 Y4.5407 I-2.2986 J-2.1999

Pgina
19

N5080 G1 X.4691 Y4.4535

N5090 X.7175 Y4.5407
N5100 X1.0518 Y4.875
N5110 X3.875
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N5190 Y2.4987
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N5210 G3 X3.092 Y4.1118 I-2.1634 J-2.0039
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N5230 X2.8217 Y4.2295
N5240 X3.0793 Y4.125
N5250 X3.125
N5260 Y4.0768
N5270 X3.5 Y2.4987
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N5310 Y-1.8403
N5320 X-3.5
N5330 Y1.6471
N5340 G3 X-2.6643 Y.1428 I2.5384 J.4258
N5350 G2 X-1.8012 Y-1.3903 I-1.7694 J-2.0058
N5360 G3 X0.0 Y-3.2293 I1.7621 J-.0757
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N5380 G2 X2.6643 Y.1428 I2.6325 J-.4727
N5390 G3 X3.5 Y1.6471 I-1.7027 J1.9301
N5400 G1 X3.5179 Y2.0729
N5410 X3.5 Y1.6471
N5420 Y-3.5
N5430 X1.3889
N5440 Y-3.125
N5450 G3 X2.1773 Y-1.4192 I-1.3498 J1.659
N5460 G2 X2.9124 Y-.1384 I2.2564 J-.4438
N5470 G3 X3.125 Y.069 I-1.9508 J2.2113
N5480 G1 X3.2245 Y.3407
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N5500 Y-3.125
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N5520 X1.0942 Y-3.2185
N5530 X1.3889 Y-3.125
N5540 X2.2002 Y-2.75
N5550 G3 X2.5528 Y-1.4551 I-2.1611 J1.284
N5560 G2 X2.75 Y-.9306 I1.8809 J-.4079

Pgina
20

N5570 G1 X2.837 Y-.6383

N5580 X2.75 Y-.9306
N5590 Y-2.75
N5600 X2.2002
N5610 X1.3889 Y-3.125
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N5640 Y-1.8403
N5650 X-3.125
N5660 Y.069
N5670 X-3.2245 Y.3407
N5680 X-3.125 Y.069
N5690 G3 X-2.9124 Y-.1384 I2.1634 J2.0039
N5700 G2 X-2.1773 Y-1.4192 I-1.5213 J-1.7246
N5710 G3 X-1.3889 Y-3.125 I2.1382 J-.0468
N5720 G1 X-1.0942 Y-3.2185
N5730 X-1.3889 Y-3.125
N5740 X-3.125
N5750 Y-1.8403
N5760 X-2.75
N5770 Y-.9306
N5780 X-2.837 Y-.6383
N5790 X-2.75 Y-.9306
N5800 G2 X-2.5528 Y-1.4551 I-1.6837 J-.9324
N5810 G3 X-2.2002 Y-2.75 I2.5137 J-.0109
N5820 G1 X-1.9762 Y-2.8709
N5830 X-2.2002 Y-2.75
N5840 X-2.75
N5850 Y-1.8403
N5860 X-3.
N5870 Z4.1
N5880 G0 Z4.6
N5890 M02
%

Dicho cdigo ser introducido a la fresadora automtica, con ayuda de un dispositivo extrable
especialmente para dicha mquina.

Fase 3: procesado
7. Se utilizutiliza el sistema de control de posicin, para colocar correctamente la pieza a
maquilar y evitar daos a la pieza. Cuidando las medidas en los respectivos ejes (x, y, z).
8. Colocar As mismo se coloc la broca de 1/8 in en el taladro de banco.
9. Se asegurasegura la correcta sujecin.
10. Posteriormente se introdujoSeleccionar la velocidad de rotacin.
Pgina
21

11. Se Coloccolocar la pieza a maquinar.

12. As comenzSe inicia el maquinado cuidando que la fresa no trabaje trabajara fuera del rea
de la pieza de trabajo.
13. Retirar Se retir la herramienta
14. Limpiamos Se limpi la fresadora CNC.

7. Recursos

Software (unigrafics )
Diseo (calavera)
Fresadora CNC

Producto
Nailamit

Cantidad
1

HDPE (polietileno
de alta densidad)
Cera natural de
abeja

Descripcin
placa de
2*20*30
placa de
2*20*30

Precio

2 placas de
aluminio de
15in x15in,
grosor de 10 in

RESULTADOS.

8. Cronograma

Pgina
22

Semana

Actividad
Investigacin

Diseo del
molde
Simulacin del
maquinado

Cdigo de
maquinado
Conseguir los
materiales

Elaboracin
del molde

9. Referencias
Pgina web
SIEMENS Mxico

http://www.siemens.com.mx/en-7home.html/

Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

http://UHMW-PLASTICOS

Pgina
23

10. Anexos
1. Fotografas del diseo

2. Cdigo de maquinado

%
N0010 G40 G17 G90 G70
N0020 G91 G28 Z0.0

Pgina
24

:0030 T01 M06

N0040 G0 G90 X-4.5 Y-1.8403 S0 M03
N0050 G43 Z4.6 H01
N0060 Z4.175
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N0510 X-3.5 Y2.4987 I1.8595 J-1.7796

Pgina
25

N0520 G1 X-3.5179 Y2.0729

N0530 X-3.5 Y2.4987
N0540 X-3.125 Y4.0768
N0550 Y4.125
N0560 X-3.0793
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N0610 G1 X-3.5 Y2.4987
N0620 X-3.1302 Y2.4367
N0630 G3 X-2.4163 Y.424 I2.1686 J-.3638
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N0680 G3 X2.5502 Y3.5932 I-1.4547 J1.6489
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N0970 G2 X-1.8012 Y-1.3903 I-1.7694 J-2.0058
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N1000 G2 X2.6643 Y.1428 I2.6325 J-.4727

Pgina
26

N1010 G3 X3.5 Y1.6471 I-1.7027 J1.9301

N1020 G1 X3.5179 Y2.0729
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N1180 G2 X2.75 Y-.9306 I1.8809 J-.4079
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N1330 G3 X-1.3889 Y-3.125 I2.1382 J-.0468
N1340 G1 X-1.0942 Y-3.2185
N1350 X-1.3889 Y-3.125
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N1380 X-2.75
N1390 Y-.9306
N1400 X-2.837 Y-.6383
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N1450 X-2.2002 Y-2.75
N1460 X-2.75
N1470 Y-1.8403
N1480 X-3.
N1490 Z4.175

Pgina
27

N1500 G0 Z4.6
N1510 X-4.5
N1520 Z4.15
N1530 G1 Z4.05
N1540 X-4.25
N1550 Y5.25
N1560 X-.8964
N1570 X-.153 Y4.5066
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N1630 G1 Y-1.3242
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N1700 G3 X1.0495 Y-1.3837 I.0314 J1.0133
N1710 G1 X1.047 Y-1.3537
N1720 X1.0518 Y-1.324
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N1740 G3 X2.2793 Y3.3339 I-1.2066 J1.3677
N1750 X.4282 Y4.1945 I-2.0277 J-1.9406
N1760 G1 X.2671 Y4.2046
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N1860 X-.7175 Y4.5407
N1870 X-.4691 Y4.4535
N1880 X-.7175 Y4.5407
N1890 G3 X-2.5502 Y3.5932 I.4659 J-3.1474
N1900 X-3.1302 Y2.4367 I1.5886 J-1.5203
N1910 G1 X-3.5 Y2.4987
N1920 Y4.5
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N1940 X-1.6339 Y4.5814
N1950 X-1.9832 Y4.5
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N1970 X-3.5 Y2.4987 I1.8595 J-1.7796
N1980 G1 X-3.5179 Y2.0729

Pgina
28

N1990 X-3.5 Y2.4987

N2000 X-3.125 Y4.0768
N2010 Y4.125
N2020 X-3.0793
N2030 X-2.8217 Y4.2295
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Pgina
29

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Pgina
30

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Pgina
31

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Pgina
32

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Pgina
33

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Pgina
34

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Pgina
35

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%

Pgina
36

Pgina
37