WAP White Paper 20031202 B V1.0

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Compilation
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Engineers of Huawei and
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WCDMA Product
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Docume
nt
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WCDMA
V1.0
WAP White Paper
Drafted by
Zhao Bing
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Date
2003-12-02
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

All Rights Reserved
WAP White Paper
Secret
Revision Record
Date
2003-12-02
2003-08-24
Version
1.00
Description
First draft finished
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
Author
Zhao Bing
Page ii of 117
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Background................................................................................................................ii
Chapter 2 WAP Technology........................................................................................................3
2.1 Application Framework......................................................................................................... 3
2.2 WAP Stack Protocol............................................................................................................. 4
2.2.1 WAE........................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 WSP.......................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 WTP........................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.4 WTLS......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.5 WDP.......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.6 Typical Application of WAP Stack Protocol................................................................6
Chapter 3 Application in the Existing Network............................................................................7

3.1 Position of WAP in Networks................................................................................................ 7
3.2 WAP Existing Networking..................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Networking Structure................................................................................................. 8
3.2.2 Interface Description.................................................................................................. 8
3.3 Typical Business Process................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 Processing Procedure of RADIUS Messages..........................................................10
3.3.2 Process of PUB Users Accessing Whole-network Services at a Home Location.....12
3.3.3 Process of PUB Users Accessing Whole-network Services at a Roaming Location
.......................................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.4 Process of PUB Users Accessing Local Services at a Roaming Location...............15
3.3.5 Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users......................................17
3.3.6 Processing Procedure for PUSH over IP.................................................................19
3.3.7 Processing Procedure for POP3/SMTP Mail Service..............................................22
3.3.8 MMSC Address Translation Process (Proxy is Redirector)......................................25
3.3.9 KJAVA Download Process.......................................................................................27
Appendixes:...............................................................................................................................30
Appendix 1: Introduction to WAP 2.0........................................................................................ 30
Appendix 2: Acronyms............................................................................................................. 30
2003-08-24
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
Page iii of 117
WAP white paper
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Keyword
WAP
Abstract
The document describes WAP technology and its application in the existing
network. It helps readers to have a full and systematic knowledge of WAP
technology.
i
Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users
1.1.2
Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users
Explanations:
19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

20) WAP GW initiates real-time monitoring, and submits an expense reservation request to SCP periodically.
21) SCP returns a request response to WAP GW.
22) GGSN sends a URL access request to WAP GW.
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Reference
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Chapter 1 Background
With evolution of the GSM, GPRS and 3GPP network, WAP technology is
getting more and more important for mobile networks. When a single
mobile phone (not connected to a laptop) can be used for browsing
information, all mobile data service is forwarded through WAP Gateway.
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WAP technology has a large-scale application because it is developed for

mobile application and can solve the problem of mobile narrowband.
Furthermore, WAP technology is launched by the four mobile giants:
Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia and Unwired Planet that provides micro browsers
for WAP technology. Members of WAP Forum take up over 90% of handset
market share, so WAP has become a de facto standard.
In May 1998, WAP Forum released the version WAP 1.0 to define a basic
frame of WAP.
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In September 1999, WAP Forum released the version WAP 1.1, the first
business release of WAP. It supports images in the format WBMP, and has
enhanced compatibility and interoperability.
In early 2000, WAP 1.2 was released. Push and User Agent are added to
version WAP 1.2 and bearer network types supported by WAP are
expanded.
In August 2001, WAP 2.0 was released. Comparing with earlier versions,
the major distinction of WAP 2.0 is the more diversified application service
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and more secure transmission of information. Besides, WAP 2.0 facilitates

wireless content vendors effort to build wireless sites and wireless
application suitable for GPRS and 3G.
As WAP is increasingly close and merged to Internet specifications, the
latest version WAP 2.0 is intended to support XHTML, TCP/IP, HTTP/1.1
and TLS.
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In fact, WAP 1.3 exists between WAP 1.2 and WAP 2.0. WAP 1.3 enhances
the WAP support for streaming and security. Because WAP 2.0 integrates
all features of WAP 1.3, manufacturers usually use WAP 2.0 instead.
See attachment 1 for descriptions of WAP 2.0.
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Chapter 2 WAP Technology

2.1 Application Framework
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Figure 1 WAP 1.0 application framework
As shown above, WAP Framework consists of three parts: the client, WAP
Gateway and Web server.
Client: mobile phone. It integrates the whole WAP Protocol, initiates and
terminates sessions, and controls the terminal to show users contents.
Web server: provides contents in the WML language.
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WAP Gateway: responsible for coding and decoding as well as the protocol
adaptation function.
The client and WAP Gateway have WSP/WTP in between. That is, the
stack protocol of WAP is used on the session layer. HTTP is used between
WAP Gateway and a server. Conversion between WSP/WTP and HTTP
are finished on WAP Gateway, because HTTP text format is not suitable for
radio transmission. But WSP/WTP uses binary code to transmit data and
compresses data for narrowband transmission.
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If contents in the server are written in the HTML language, WAP Gateway
has to carry out the conversion between HTML and WML. This could
reduce the efficiency of WAP Gateway.
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2.2 WAP Stack Protocol
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Figure 2 WAP stack protocol
The above figure shows the comparison between WAP stack protocol and
Internet stack protocol.
2.2.1 WAE
Wireless Application Environment (WAE) is a protocol for the application
layer in WAP. It establishes an application development environment for
services on different wireless platforms. The core of WAE is a micro15
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browser that supports WML, WML Script, Wireless Telephone Application

(WTA) and content coding and decoding.
WAE Specification is divided into the following two logical layers:
1.
WAE User Agent layer: provides users with client embedded software
with specific functions. User Agent includes the micro-browser,
directory and message editor.
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Service and Format layer: defines general data formats that support
User Agent, such as WML, WML Script, WBMP, vCard and electronic
calendar.
2.2.2 WSP
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) provides the following functions:
A. Function and semanteme of HTTP 1.1 that simplifies protocol conversion
on WAP Gateway
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B. Capacity negotiation between the gateway and client

C. A long-term preservation of session status
D. Session suspension and recovery
E. Reliable and unreliable Push
F. Processing multiple requests at the same time (asynchronous request
response)
G. Processing missing breaks
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2.2.3 WTP
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) is a connection-oriented transport
layer protocol similar to TCP. WTP provides reliable transmission for the
upper layer. WTP cannot be omitted for interaction between a client and
server.
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2.2.4 WTLS
Wireless Transaction Layer Security (WTLS) serve security, integrity,
facticity and non-repudiation of upper layers through key exchange,
authentication, encryption and handshakes.
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2.2.5 WDP
Wireless Data Protocol (WDP) corresponds with UDP in TCP/IP stack
protocol and has the same function as UDP. UDP is used instead of WDP
in networks over IP.
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2.2.6 Typical Application of WAP Stack Protocol

I. WAP stack protocol in GPRS
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Figure 3 GPRS WAP stack protocol
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II. WAP based on SMS
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SMC
W APGW
PUSH OTA
PUSH OTA
WSP
WSP
WTP
WTP
Relay
WDP
adaptation layer
SMS
SMS
PI
PAP
PAP
HTTP
HTTP
WDP
adaptation layer
TCP
TCP
SMPP
IP
IP
SMPP
Subnet
Subnet over Physical bearer
Process of Handling WAP Browse
overTCP/IPService for PPC
subnetwork
TCP/IP Users
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Physical bearer
subnetwork
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Figure 4 SMS WAP stack protocol
Chapter 3 Application in the Existing Network

3.1 Position of WAP in Networks
A network lives for providing users with rich and colorful services.
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In GPRS, services can be divided into the following four categories based
on access modes:
A. Services provided by SGSN (LCS and SMS)
B. Services with direct link of GGSN to Internet (where a mobile phone
works with a laptop; the extension of fixed network service)
C. Enterprise services (VPN)
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D. WAP services (data service fulfilled only through mobile phone or PDA,
such as multimedia messaging service (MMS), mobile video, mobile
entertainment and QQ (an online chatting tool)).
According to the categories, almost all services showing mobile
characteristics are fulfilled based on WAP.
Take China Mobile as an example, WAP Gateway is provided by the mobile
carrier China Mobile, and WAP Server is provided by content providers,
such as SP and Sina. China Mobile also uses its own WAP Server. In other
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word, the mobile carrier provides WAP Portal, SP provides contents, and
China Mobile controls admission of SP through WAP Gateway.
For information on WAP existing network service application, see GPRS
Service White Paper.
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3.2 WAP Existing Networking

3.2.1 Networking Structure
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Figure 5 WAP existing networking
On networks of China Mobile, there are two general access point names
(APN): CMNET and CMWAP, where CMWAP is APN of dedicated WAP
service. General APN means wherever a user roams in China, the user
can enable GPRS service with the two APNs without changing
configurations of the mobile phone.
If a user selects CMWAP for activation, GGSN has to sends authentication
and charging requests to RADIUS. The RADIUS server then forwards the
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requests to WAP Gateway (GW). Then WAP GW obtains the relationship

between MSISDN and IP address for use in charging. During the
subsequent data transport, GGSN communicates with WAP GW through
GRE Tunneling Protocol.
3.2.2 Interface Description

WAP GW provides functions of charging, content mapping, mail agent and
so on, so interfaces are complex. See the following table.
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Interface peer end

GGSN
Protocol
TCP/IP
Description
On networks of China Mobile, WAP GW
connects to GGSN through Internet. The
dedicated connection is established through
GRE Tunneling Protocol.
RADIUS Server
RFC2865 and
To obtain the relationship between MSISDN
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RFC2866
and the user IP address, RADIUS Server

forwards the charging request to WAP GW,
and WAP GW returns the response of charging
start.
Carrier Portal, KJAVA
HTTP
platform, MMSC
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HTTP
SP
PUSH
Terminal
PUSH OTA
You can transfer in SMS and IP modes. For IPbased PUSH, if a user is online, or if a user is
offline but support networks for terminal and
radio network are activated, you can transfer in
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IP mode. If a user is offline but the user

equipment (UE) supports Session Initiation
Application (SIA), Session Initiation Request
(SIR) can be delivered through PUSH over
SMS. After receiving SIR, PUSH OTA on UE
SIR activates network connection and
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establishes WAP session connection.

PUSH
HTTP PAP
SERVER
POP3/SMTP Email Server
RFC1936 (POP3) and
WAP GW provides the function of Email
RFC821 (SMTP)
Server agent and can directly interwork with

Email Server.
ISMG
CMPP
When SM-based PUSH service is provided,

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WAP GW should interact with ISMG.

SCP
EMPP
MMSC
M1
SMSC
SMPP3.3/SMPP3.4
DSMP
SP
Provides pre-paid charging (PPC) functions.
HTTP XML
The interface is used to connect SP with WAP
authentication
GW. If the connection needs to be
interface
authenticated, WAP GW queries DSMP for

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information on access authentication of SP.

Then WAP GW performs the access
authentication for SP.
Real-time
WAP GW submits a real-time rating request to
rating
DSMP through this interface. DSMP performs
interface
rating according to the charging rule, and

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feedbacks the result to WAP GW.

User service
When SP delivers services subscribed by users
subscription
through WAP GW, WAP GW connects to
relation
DSMP through the interface to verify the
authentication
specified services and service status.
interface
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3.3 Typical Business Process

3.3.1 Processing Procedure of RADIUS Messages
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Establish
relationship
IP-MSISDN
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(Optional) Realtime control of

flow charging
PPC user FC charge reservation request

PPC user FC charge reservation response
Clear IP-MSISDN relationship
FC charge withhold/reimburse request

FC charge withhold/reimburse response
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Figure 6 RADIUS message processing
Explanations:
1.
When a user goes online, GGSN sends an access request for RADIUS
user to AAA Server.
2.
AAA Server returns a response message to GGSN.

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3.
GGSN sends a message of RADIUS charging start to WAP GW.
4.
On obtaining the relationship between MSISDN and IP from the

message, WAP GW initiates the session of real time monitoring users.
5.
For PPC users, WAP GW sends SCP a request to start traffic

monitoring.
6.
SCP sends a response message to WAP GW.
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7.
During a user is online, if the user requests for surfing the Internet
(without interaction with upper layer services), WAP GW carries out a
real-time monitoring If the traffic is up to limit, WAP GW requests for
the next traffic segment from SCP and subsequent procedures cycle in
this way. See Figure 6 for control messages.
8.
When a user goes offline, GGSN sends a message of charging end to

WAP GW.
9.
WAP GW clears MSISDN-to-IP relationship.

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10. For PPC users, WAP GW sends a message of traffic monitoring end to
SCP.
11. SCP returns a response message to WAP GW.
12. WAP GW sends the response message to AAA Server.
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3.3.2 Process of PUB Users Accessing Whole-network Services at a Home

Location
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Figure 7 Process of PUB users accessing whole-network services at a home location
Explanations:
1.
A user launches a URL access request.
2.
WAP GW sends DSMP a request to authenticate the user.
3.
DSMP returns the authentication result to WAP GW.

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4.
If the user does not register, WAP GW responds with a prompt page
and
redirects the user to the registration page of Portal.
5.
Steps 511 describe the procedure of user registration on Portal.
6.
Step 12 means the terminal re-initiates a URL request.
7.
On recognizing the user is not qualified and does not access Portal,
WAP GW sends DSMP a request to authenticate the user.
8.
DSMP returns an authentication response to WAP GW.

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WAP GW processes the URL access control.
10. If the user access is rejected, WAP GW returns a preset prompt page
to the end user.
11. If the access control is passed, WAP GW sends DSMP a request to
authenticate the user service subscription relation.
12. DSMP returns the authentication result.
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13. If authentication of user service subscription relation fails, proceed with

the following steps.
14. WAP GW redirects the user to Portal to process service order. When
the order is finished, Portal redirects the user to URL of the destination
SP.
15. WAP GW forwards the user access request to SP.
16. SP service system returns an access response.
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17. WAP GW sends a charging rating request to DSMP.

18. DSMP returns a charging rating response message to WAP GW.
19. WAP GW makes statistics of current traffic for the user.
20. WAP GW generates a bill file record of service access.
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3.3.3 Process of PUB Users Accessing Whole-network Services at a Roaming

Location
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Figure 8 Process of PUB users accessing whole-network services at a roaming location
Explanations:
Different from accessing whole-network services at a home location, when
a user is linked to WAP GW of a roaming location, WAP GW sends
requests of authentication and charging rating to DSMP at the same
roaming location. Then DSMP of the roaming location forwards control
message requests to DSMP of the home location, and sends results back
to WAP GW of the roaming location through DSMP of the roaming location.
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3.3.4 Process of PUB Users Accessing Local Services at a Roaming Location
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Figure 9 Process of PUB users accessing local services at a roaming location
Explanations:
1.
GGSN forwards a users request to WAP GW of the roaming location.
2.
WAP GW sends the user authentication request to DSMP of the

roaming location.
3.
DSMP of the roaming location sends the request to DSMP of the

users home location.
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4.
DSMP of the home location returns the authentication result to DSMP

of the roaming location.
5.
DSMP of the roaming location returns the authentication result to WAP

GW of the same place.
6.
When resolution of the WAP message is finished, WAP GW processes

URL access control according to URL Control List.
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7.
WAP GW extracts the service code and SP code from the valid URL.
By analyzing the service code, WAP GW finds the service is local.
There are possibly two kinds of local service:
8.
Service provided by the users home location
9.
Service can only be obtained at a roaming location.
10. WAP GW can recognize the service request type by interacting with
DSMP or through configuration mode. For the first kind of local service,
WAP GW forwards a service request to WAP GW of the users home
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location through routing configuration. For the second kind of local

service, WAP GW directly forwards the message to SP.
11. For service provided by the users home location, WAP GW of the
home location initiates an authentication request to DSMP of the same
place.
12. DSMP sends an authentication response to WAP GW.
13. WAP GW sends a HTTP request to SP/CP and involves the user
pseudo code in the request.
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14. SP/CP returns a response message to WAP GW.

15. WAP GW sends a rating request message to DSMP.
16. If authentication fails, WAP GW sends the user a preset page
containing error messages.
17. DSMP returns a response message to WAP GW.
18. WAP GW of the roaming location returns the response message to
WAP GW of the same place.
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19. WAP GW of the roaming location sends GGSN the response message
that is processed by WAP.
20. WAP GW generates a bill file record.
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3.3.5 Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users
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Explanations:

2) WAP GW initiates real-time monitoring, and submits an expense reservation request to SCP
periodically.
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5) WAP GW resolves the message.
6)
After resolution, WAP GW performs URL access control for URL

Control List.
7) For prohibited URL, WAP GW directly redirects the user to the preset page containing error
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messages.
8) WAP GW extracts the service code and SP code from the valid URL, and then sends an
authentication request to DSMP.
9) DSMP sends a request response to WAP GW.

10) If the authentication is passed, DSMP sends a charging rating response message to WAP GW.
If the authentication fails, WAP GW sends the end user a preset page containing error
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messages, and does not sends a charging rating request to DSMP.
11) If the rating is successful, WAP GW sends a HTTP request to SP/CP, and involves the user
pseudo code in the request message.
12) SP/CP returns a response message.

13) WAP GW sends an expense reservation request to SCP.
14) SCP sends a response message to WAP GW.
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Secret
WAP GW sends the end user a response message processed by WAP

code through GGSN.
16) For a successful response message, WAP GW sends a withholding request to SCP. For a failed
response message, WAP GW sends a reimbursement request.
17) SCP sends a response message to WAP GW.

18) WAP GW generates a bill.
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Note: This process just describes the processing method related to PPC users.
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3.3.6 Processing Procedure for PUSH over IP
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Figure 11 Processing procedure for PUSH over IP
Explanations:
1)
PI sends a PUSH request containing SP ID and service code to WAP GW.
2)
WAP GW sends an authentication request to DSMP to check if the SP has

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subscription relationship with carriers.

3)
DSMP sends an authentication response to WAP GW.
4)
After SP authentication succeeds, WAP GW sends an

authentication request of user service subscription relation to DSMP.
5)
6)
DSMP sends a response message to WAP GW.

For the second media type, WAP GW sends a service charging rating request to
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DSMP.
7)
DSMP sends a response message to WAP GW.
8)
For PPC users, WAP GW sends a charging reservation request to SCP.
9)
SCP sends a withholding reservation response to WAP GW.
10) After the withholding reservation succeeds, if the user is offline and the user terminal
supports SIR, WAP GW launchse SIR through SMS bearer. If the user is online, there
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are the following two occasions:
If the WAP connection is not established, SIR is sent to the terminal through SUnit-Push. The following goes to step 16.
If the WAP connection is established, there is no need to send SIR. What follows
is step 18.
11) WAP GW sends the CMPP_SUBMIT request to ISMG. The SM contents are data of
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coded WAP PUSH SIR.

12) ISMG returns the CMPP_SUBMIT_RESP message to WAP GW.
13) ISMG sends a short message to the user terminal through SMSC.
14) ISMG sends a message of status report to WAP GW.
15) WAP GW returns a response message to ISMG.
16) After receiving WAP PUSH SIR, if the user terminal supports the PUSH contents, the
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user terminal activates the network connection and sends a WSP/TCP connection
request to the specified PPG connection point in SIR.
17) On receiving the connection request, WAP GW (PPG) returns a confirmation message
to the user terminal.
18) WAP GW (PPG) sends PUSH contents (WSP-Confirmed Push) to the user terminal
through the established connection.
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19) On receiving the PUSH contents, the user terminal returns a confirmation message to
WAP GW (PPG).
20) WAP GW acts based on the confirmation result of PUSH.
For PPC users

If the delivery succeeds, WAP GW sends a withholding request to SCP
If the delivery fails, WAP GW sends a reimbursement request.
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For PUB users, WAP GW generates bill records.
WAP GW also generates bill records for PI.

This step is applicable to the second media type.
21) WAP GW sends a PUSH result notice to PI.
22) PI returns a notice response to WAP GW.
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3.3.7 Processing Procedure for POP3/SMTP Mail Service
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WAP-GW
DSMP
SCP
MailServer
Request for setting up T CP

connection
SettingupT CP connec tion
through three-way
handshake
POP3/SMT P
message
(reporting the user name)
86
Resolving the user name to get the login name, SP
SP
SERVICE
identityandSERVICE
identity
1.1.3
SP serviceauthentication
SP
response
User service
authenticationrequest
User service
authentication
response
Req uest for setting up TCP connection

Setting up TCP connection through three-way handshake
Forwarding POP3/SMT P request
POP3/SMT
P
(
)
(reporting the login
name)
ResponsetoPOP3/SMT
POP3/SMTP
P request
Forwarding the response to

POP3/SMT P request
POP3/SMT
P
OtherPOP3/SMT P requests
Rating request about charging
sevice by time
Response to rating request
about charging sevice by time
Charge requests as
required, such as POP3
receivingemails andSMT P
sendingemails
PPC user expense
reservation request
Response to PPC user expense
reservation request
Forward POP3/SMT Prequst

ResponsetoPOP3/SMT P request
PPCuserwithholding/
reimbursement /
request
Response to PPCuser withholding/
/
reimbursement request
Confirm successful
actions needingcharging
and generate CDR
CDR
GeneratingCDR
POP3/SMT Pexits request
Close TCP
connection
Close TCPconnection
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Figure 12 Processing procedure for POP3/SMTP mail service
Explanations:
1.
A user terminal sends a TCP connection request to WAP GW. Port of

POP3 is 110 and Port of SMTP is 25.
2.
WAP GW establishes a TCP connection to the terminal through

standard three-way handshake, and then returns welcome information
to the terminal.
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3.
The terminal requests for login, and reports the user name to WAP
GW.
4.
WAP GW identifies the user login name, SP and SERVICE identifiers

according to the user name.
5.
WAP GW sends SP service authentication request to DSMP according

to SP and SERVICE identifiers.
6.
DSMP returns a response to SP service authentication request.

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7.
If the authentication succeeds, WAP GW finds out MSISDN according

to the terminal address from TCP connection, and sends a user
service authentication request to DSMP.
8.
DSMP returns a response to the user service authentication request.
9.
If the authentication succeeds, WAP GW finds out the email server

address according to descriptors of DSMP, and sends a TCP
connection request to the destination POP3/SMTP Email Server.
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10. WAP GW establishes a TCP connection with POP3/SMTP Email

Server through standard three-way handshake.
11. WAP GW forwards the login request to POP3/SMTP, and reports the
analyzed login name.
12. POP3/SMTP Email Server returns a login response to WAP GW. Then
WAP GW forwards the response to the terminal.
13. With a successful user login, the terminal can send any POP3/SMTP
request to WAP GW.
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14. WAP GW monitors the request sent by the terminal and sends a rating
request to DSMP if necessary. Otherwise, WAP GW jumps to step 18.
15. DSMP returns a rating response to WAP GW.
16. For a PPC user, WAP GW sends an expense reservation request to
SCP.
17. SCP returns a reservation response to WAP GW.
18. WAP GW forwards the request from the terminal to Email Server.
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19. Email Server returns a response to WAP GW. Then WAP GW forwards
the response to the terminal.
20. WAP GW monitors responses of Email Server.
For PPC users, if the successful request needs charging, WAP GW
sends a
withholding confirmation message to SCP.
For PUB users, WAP GW directly jumps to step 22.
21. SCP returns a withholding confirmation response to WAP GW.
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22. WAP GW generates a call detailed record (CDR).

23. On receiving the QUIT request from the terminal, WAP GW forwards
the request to Email Server.
24. The terminal removes the TCP connection to WAP GW.
25. WAP GW removes the TCP connection to Email Server.
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3.3.8 MMSC Address Translation Process (Proxy is Redirector)
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Figure 13 MMS process
Explanations:
Figure 13 is an example of obtaining MM immediately. Redirector fulfills
MMSC address translation.
1.
Using WSP as a bearer protocol, MS sends the M-Send.req request to

WAP GW. The URL of MMSC set on the terminal is
mmsc.monternet.com.
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2.
WAP GW queries the IP host address of mmsc.monternet.com

according to DNS, and sends the request containing M-Send.req to
Redirector.
3.
The request is a standard MM1 Protocol message and the bearer is

HTTP.
4.
On receiving the request message from WAP GW, Redirector obtains

identity of the originator subscriber and sends a query request to
ENUM DNS Server.
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5.
ENUM DNS Server returns the query result containing the home
MMSC of the originator subscriber to Redirector.
6.
Redirector forwards the M-Send.req request to MMSC.
7.
The home MMSC of the originator responds to the request from

Redirector and includes M-Send.conf in the response to identify
acceptance.
8.
Redirector forwards the M-Send.conf message of MMSC to WAP GW.

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WAP GW forwards the M-Send.conf message of MMSC to MS.
10. The home MMSC of the originator processes the M_Send.req request,
extracts the address of the originator subscriber, and sends a PUSH
message containing M-Notification.ind to the target subscriber before
arrival of new multimedia messages.
11. The recipient subscriber initiates the M-Retrive.req request according
to the target address in M-Notification.ind. Then WAP GW forwards the
request to the target MMSC.
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12. The home MMSC of the recipient subscriber returns M-Retrive.conf to

WAP GW. After receiving the request forwarded by WAP GW, MS
obtains MM through WSP GET.
13. When the recipient receives the request, MS sends the MNotifyResp.ind request.
14. WAP GW queries the IP host address of mmsc.monternet.com
according to DNS, and sends the HTTP request containing MNotifyResp.ind to Redirector.
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15. The request is a standard MM1 Protocol message and the bearer is
HTTP.
16. On receiving the request message from WAP GW, Redirector obtains
the recipient subscriber identity from the request and sends a query
request to ENUM DNS Server.
17. ENUM DNS Server returns the query result containing the home
MMSC address of the recipient subscriber.
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18. Redirector forwards M-NotifyResp.ind to the home MMSC of the

recipient.
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3.3.9 KJAVA Download Process
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entic
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Figure 14 KJAVA download process
Explanations:
1.
The terminal initiates a KJAVA OTA Server browse request.
2.
WAP GW forwards the request to OTA Server.
3.
OTA Server submits an authentication request to DSMP.
4.
DSMP returns the authentication result to OTA Server.

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5.
OTA Server returns the response to WAP GW.
6.
WAP GW forwards the response message to the terminal.
7.
The terminal sends a request for JAVA descriptive files.
8.
WAP GW forwards the request to OTA Server.
9.
OTA Server processes the request, including terminal adaptation

check, service rating processing and expense reservation for PPC
users.
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10. OTA returns the response result to WAP GW.

11. WAP GW returns the response message to the terminal.
12. The terminal sends WAP GW a request for downloading JAR files.
13. WAP GW forwards the request to OTA Server.
14. OTA returns the response message to WAP GW.
15. WAP GW forwards the response message to the terminal.
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16. The terminal JAVA Manager (JAM) installs the JAVA program.
17. The terminal sends a Status Report request to WAP GW.
18. WAP GW forwards the Status Report to OTA Server.
19. OTA Server triggers the charging processing procedure.
20. OTA Server returns a response message to WAP GW.
21. WAP GW returns the response message to the terminal.
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Notes:
This process mainly describes contents related to JAVA download. For
processing procedure of OTA Server, interaction between OTA Server and
SCP, and interaction between OTA Server and DSMP, see the WAP
business process.
OTA Server aforementioned is operated by carriers. For downloading
servers not operated by carriers, see the processing procedure between
WAP GW and Web Server.
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Appendixes:
Appendix 1: Introduction to WAP 2.0
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Appendix 2: Acronyms
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol

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WML
Secret
Wireless Markup Language (corresponding to HTML in Internet; WML and HTML are
subsets of XML)
WSP
Wireless Session Protocol
WTP
Wireless Transaction Protocol
ISMG
Internet Short Message Gateway
CMPP CHINA Mobile Peer to Peer

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Secret
EMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

DSMP Data Service Management Plat
ENUM
E.164 Number Mapping (mapping from E.164 Number to DNS, as defined by
RFC2916)
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Chapter 3 Application in the Existing Network............................................................................7

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Page iii of 117

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

WAP technology has a large-scale application because it is developed for

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

and more secure transmission of information. Besides, WAP 2.0 facilitates

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

19) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Chapter 2 WAP Technology

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

37) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

37) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Figure 1 WAP 1.0 application framework

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

37) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

37) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users

37) GGSN sends a message of charging start to WAP GW.

WAP white paper

2.2 WAP Stack Protocol

Process of Handling WAP Browse Service for PPC Users

Figure 10 Processing procedure applicable to PPC users