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H302 cs MTH302 Business Mathematics & Statistics

All Final Term Formula’s only
All Final Term Formula’s only
Mean & Arithmetic Mean

Ungroup Data =
∑X
n

Group Data =
∑ fx
∑x
Geo
Geometric Meamnanmetric mean

Ungroup Data = Anti log

∑ Logx
n

Group Data = Anti log

∑ f x log x

∑f
Harmonc Mean
Harm
n onic
Ungroup Data = Mean
1
∑x
Group Data =
∑f
1
∑f x
Relationship Between Arithmetic, Geometric & Harmonic
Mean..
Arithmetic Mean ≤ Geometric Mean ≤ Harmonic Mean

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Median

n +1
Ungroup Data =
2
H n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 2

Quartile
F ir s t Q u a r tile = Q1
n +1
U n g ro u p D a ta =
4
H n
G r o u p D a ta = L + ( − c)
f 4
S e c o n d Q u a r tile = Q 2
2n + 1
U n g ro u p D a ta =
4
H 2n
G r o u p D a ta = L + ( − c)
f 4
T h ir d Q u a r tile = Q 3
3n + 1
U n g ro u p D a ta =
4
H 3n
G r o u p D a ta = L + ( − c)
f 4

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Deciles
First Decile = D1
n +1
group Data =
10
H n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 10
Second Decile = D2
2n + 1
Ungroup Data =
10
H 2n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 10
Third Decile = D3
3n + 1
Ungroup Data =
10
H 3n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 10
so On............
9th Decile = D9
9n + 1
Ungroup Data =
10
H 9n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 10

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Percentile
First Percentile = P1
n +1
Ungroup Data =
100
H n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 100
Second Percentile = P2
2n + 1
Ungroup Data =
100
H 2n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 100
Third Percentile = P3
3n + 1
Ungroup Data =
100
H 3n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 100
so On............
99th Percentile = P99
99n + 1
Ungroup Data =
100
H 99n
Group Data = L + ( − c)
f 100
Mode
Ungroup Data = The most common score in a set of scores
L + (fm-f1 )
Group Data = xh
(fm-f1 )+(fm-f 2 )
Range
Range = L arg est Value − Smallest Value
L arg est Value + Smallest Value
Mid − Range =
2
Q + Q3
Midhinge = 1
2
L arg est Value − Smallest Value
Coefficie nt of Range =
L arg est Value + Smallest Value

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Quartile Range = Q3 − Q1
Q3 − Q1
Coefficient of Quartile Range =
Q3 + Q1
Quartile Deviation
Q3 − Q1
Q.D =
2
Q3 − Q1
Coefficient of Q.D = 2 = Q3 − Q1
Q3 + Q1 Q3 + Q1
2
Mean Deviation
For Mean

Ungroup Data =
∑ X−X
n

Group Data =
∑ f X −X
∑f
M .D
Coefficient of M .D of Mean =
Mean
For Median

∑ X − X!
Ungroup Data =
n
∑ f X − X!
Group Data =
∑f
M .D
Coefficient of M .D of Median =
Median

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Variance
∑ ( X −X)
2

Ungroup Data =
n
∑ f (X − X )
2

Group Data =
n
Standard Deviation

∑( X − X )
2

Ungroup Data =
n

∑ f (X − X )
2

Group Data =
n
S.D
Coefficient of S tan dard Deviation =
Mean
S .D
Coefficient of Variation = C.V . = ×100
Mean
Equation of Straight Line
Y = a + bX
Correlation
Coefficient of Correlation

∑ xy − ∑ n ∑
( x)( y)
r=
( ∑ x)
(∑ y ) − ∑
2 2
( y)
(∑ x ) −
2 2

n n
Slope of the regression line
n ∑ xy − (∑ x)( ∑ y)
b=
( n∑ x 2
− (∑ x) 2 )
r value of the regression line
n ∑ xy − (∑ x)( ∑ y)
r=
( n∑ x 2
− ( ∑ x) 2 )( n ∑ y 2 − (∑ y) 2 )

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Moving Average
Moving Average = ∑ (Most Re cent n Data Value)
n
Exponential Smoothing:
E1 = Y1
E2 = ωY2 + (1 − ω ) E2
E3 = ωY3 + (1 − ω ) E3
@ @
Et = ωYt + (1 − ω ) Et
Forecast
Rule for obtaining a forecast:
Let A= Actual and F= Forecast.
Then:
F (t) = F (t-1) + α (A (t-1) - F (t-1))
= α A (t-1) + (1- α ) F (t-1)
F (t-1) = α A (t-2) + (1- α ) F (t-2)
Substituting
F3 = α A (t-1) + (1- α ) [α A (t-2) + (1- α ) F (t-2)]
= α [A (t-1) + (1- α ) A (t-2)] + (1- α ) 2 F (t-2)
Replacing F (t-2) by a (t-3) + (1- α ) F (t-3)
F (t) = α [A (t-1) + (1- α ) A (t-2) + (1- α ) 2 A (t-3)] + (1- α )F (t-3)

PERMUTATIONS
n!
n
Pr =
(n − r )!
COMBINATIONS
n!
n
Cr =
r !(n − r )!

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BINOMIAL EXPANSION
1
(x+y) = x + y
(x+y) 2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2
(x+y)3 = x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y3
(x+y) 4 = x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 +4xy3 + y 4

COEFFICIENTS OF BINOMIAL EXPANSION

(x+y) = C 0 x 5 + 5 C1x 4 y + 5 C 2 x 3 y 2 + 5 C 3x 2 y3 + 5 C 4xy 4 + 5 C 5y5
5 5

Probability
Probability of an Event:
n(A) No. of Favourable outcomes
P(A)= =
n(S) Total No. of outcomes in the sample space
OR Rule:
p(A or B) = p(A) + p(B)
AND Rule:
p(A AND B) = p(A) × p(B)
Binomial Probability Distribution:
x
P(X ≤ c)= ∑ P x (1 − P) n− x
c =o

Negative Binomial Probability Distribution:

b × (x; r, P) = x-1 Cr-1 × P r × (1 - P) x - r
Poisson Probability Distribution:
µ x e− µ
P(X=x) =
x!
Normal Probability Distribution:
1 ( y − µ )2
f(y) = e−
2σ 2
σ 2π

Hypotheses Testing
x − µx σ
Test-Statistic = where σ x =
σx n

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