Instruction Manual

Model 388 (RI-212)

Ranarex Gravitometer
Revision D - May 2010
Filename: RI-212D1.doc
S/N ________________

CHANDLER
ENGINEERING
P.O. Box 470710 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74147-0710 U.S.A.
Telephone: 918-250-7200 FAX: 918-459-7199

Copyright 1999, by Chandler Engineering Company, LLC

P.O. Box 470710
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74147
All rights reserved. Reproduction or use of contents in any manner is prohibited without express permission from Chandler Engineering
Company, LLC. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors
or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPECIFICATIONS........................................................ III
PORTABLE TYPE GRAVITOMETER ........................................... III
GENERAL .............................................................. III
SECTION 1 - GENERAL INFORMTION........................................ 1-1
1.1 RANAREX GAS GRAVITOMETERS .......................................
1.2 THEORY OF OPERATION .............................................
1.3 CONDITIONING THE GAS AND AIR SAMPLES ............................
1.3.1 Dry Reference Air ...........................................
1.3.2 Pressure ....................................................
1.3.3 Temperature .................................................
1.3.4 Moisture Content ............................................
1.3.5 Filtering ...................................................
1.3.6 Sampling Systems ............................................

1-1
1-1
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-3
1-3
1-3

SECTION 2 - INSTALLATION.............................................. 2-1

SECTION 3 - OPERATION................................................. 3-1
3.1 PROCEDURE .......................................................
3.1.1 Zero Adjustment .............................................
3.1.2 Response Time ...............................................
3.1.3 Over-Pressure Protection ....................................
3.1.4 Purging to 1.000 After Measuring a Gas ......................

3-1
3-1
3-2
3-2
3-2

SECTION 4 - MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING................................. 4-1

4.1 LUBRICATION .....................................................
4.2 SELECTOR VALVE ..................................................
4.3 POINTER LOCK ....................................................
4.4 CARE OF THE CONNECTING TAPE .....................................
4.4.1 Tracking the Tape ...........................................
4.4.2 Cleaning the Tape ...........................................
4.4.3 Replacing the Tape ..........................................
4.5 DRIVE BELT TENSION ..............................................
4.6 IDLER BEARING ...................................................
4.7 GRAVITOMETER DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE ..............................
4.8 IMPELLER BEARINGS ...............................................
4.8.1 Impeller Disassembly ........................................
4.8.2 Impeller Assembly ...........................................
4.9 TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................

4-1
4-1
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-4

SECTION 5 - CALIBRATION............................................... 5-1

5.1 CALIBRATION PULLEY .............................................. 5-1
SECTION 6 - PARTS LISTS............................................... 6-2

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

ii

1
2
3
4

RANAREX Measuring System.............................................

Outline and Mounting Dimensions......................................
Location of Connections and Controls.................................
Operating Instruction Plate..........................................

1-1
2-1
2-2
3-1

SPECIFICATIONS{tc \l1 "SPECIFICATIONS}

PORTABLE TYPE GRAVITOMETER{tc \l2 "PORTABLE TYPE GRAVITOMETER}

Case:
Portable with carrying handle
Size: 132"W x 132"H x 10f"D, excluding handle and gas hose connections
Weight: Approximately 38 lb
Readings:
Indicating dial
Drive Motor:
115 volt, "10% 50 or 60 Hz, single-phase
Permanent split-capacitor (no arcing during Start, Run or Stop)
Explosion-proof motor not available
Accuracy:
Within 0.5% of actual value at any reading within range
Portable Gravitometers:
Dual-range: 0.52-1.03 and 0.97-1.90
GENERAL{tc \l2 "GENERAL}
Materials:
Case and Chassis: Aluminum
Impellers, Impulse Wheels: Molded phenolic
Drive: Stainless steel shafts; sealed ball bearings
Pivots: Stainless steel shafts in jewels
Internal trim: Aluminum and stainless steel
Ambient Temperature Rating:
Saturated gas and air: 40 to 120EF2 (4E - 50EC).
Normal gas and dry air: 0 to 130EF2 (-18E - 54EC).

This page is intentionally left blank.

iv

SECTION 1
GENERAL INFORMATION{tc \l1 "SECTION 1

GENERAL

INFORMATION}
1.1 RANAREX GAS GRAVITOMETERS{tc \l2 "1.1 RANAREX GAS GRAVITOMETERS}
RANAREX gravitometers measure the relative density (specific gravity) of
gases as compared to air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). For all
gases there is a definite relation between the composition of the gas mixture
and its relative density. The instrument is calibrated over two ranges to
indicate relative density.
RANAREX gravitometers excel over more complex and costly analyzers in total
performance, including simplicity, fast response, accuracy, sensitivity,
ruggedness and lowest long-term cost.
1.2 THEORY OF OPERATION{tc \l2 "1.2 THEORY OF OPERATION}
The RANAREX gravitometer uses dynamic forces to measure the relative density
of a gas. The operating principle is described below. The instrument contains
two cylindrical gas-tight measuring chambers, each having separate inlet and
outlet connections. Each chamber contains an impeller and an impulse wheel.
These wheels oppose each other on separate shafts in a way that resembles an
automotive fluid coupling or torque converter. An electric motor and drive
belt rotate both impellers at the same speed.
The impellers draw the sample gas and dry reference air into their respective
chambers. The torques created on the impulse wheels are proportional to the
densities of the gas and of the reference air. The impulse wheel shafts are
coupled using a cam and flexible tape in a way that causes the torques to
balance. The ratio of the sample impulse wheel torque to the reference
impulse wheel torque represents the relative density of the gas. A mechanism
and graduated dial are used to indicate the relative density.
Figure 1 illustrates the measuring system
for two operating conditions. The left view
shows the position of the cam and reference
wheel when the reference gas is admitted
into both chambers. In this case, the
impeller wheel torques will be equal. As a
result of this condition, and the linear
profile of the cam, the graduated dial is
calibrated to indicate 1.000.
The right view of Figure 1 shows the
position of the cam and reference wheel when
an unknown gas is admitted to the upper
chamber and reference air is admitted into
the lower chamber. The lighter gas (in the
upper chamber) creates a smaller torque than
Fig. 1 RANAREX Measuring System
the air in the lower chamber. As a result
of this condition, the cam will rotate until
the cam radii allows the opposing torques to balance. The cam rotation is
calibrated to indicate the ratio of the torques, or relative density.
To measure relative densities above 1.000, the unknown gas is admitted to the
lower chamber and the dry reference air is admitted to the upper chamber. The
principle of operation is the same. The graduated dial has two scales. The
1-1

GENERAL INFORMATION

inner scale is used for relative densities below 1.000. The outer scale is
used for relative densities above 1.000.
Due to the nature of the design, the pressures and temperatures of the gas
and reference air are equalized. Any changes in pressure, temperature, and
motor speed affect both torques equally. Since the torques produce opposing
forces the effects of varying pressure, temperature and motor speed are
canceled.
An air drier is built into the gravitometer to dry incoming ambient air for
use as the reference gas. The gravitometer is equipped with a selector valve
that is used to direct sample gas and dry reference air to the correct
chambers. The three positions are used for checking the instrument ZERO, for
measuring gas relative densities below 1.000, or for measuring gas relative
densities above 1.000.
The motor is designed for operation on 115 VAC "10%, 60Hz.
When the
gravitometer is to be used in an area where AC power is not available, a DCAC invertor may be used to convert the DC voltage supplied by an automobile
alternator or other DC source to the correct AC voltage.
1.3 CONDITIONING THE GAS AND AIR SAMPLES{tc \l2 "1.3 CONDITIONING THE GAS AND
AIR SAMPLES}
To assure accuracy, the gas sample and the reference air must be measured at
the same temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity content.
The
sampling system must condition the gas and air to meet these requirements.
When these conditions are met, the analyzer and sampling system as a unit
will be self-compensating for all variations except the analysis and relative
density of the gas.
The RANAREX gravitometer measures relative density in accordance with the
definition:
"The ratio of the density of the gas, under the observed conditions
of pressure and temperature to the density of dry air at the same
pressure and temperature."
To provide the basis for accurate measurements a sampling system must satisfy
the following conditions:
1.3.1 Dry Reference Air{tc \l3 "1.3.1 Dry Reference Air}
Provided by the built-in air drier. The drier uses silica gel as the
desiccant and is easily replaced when the silica gel becomes exhausted.
NOTE: The silica gel desiccant is normally blue in color. The
desiccant must be replaced when the color has changed to pink.
1.3.2 Pressure{tc \l3 "1.3.2 Pressure}
The gas sampling system must reduce the gas to barometric pressure to equal
the pressure of the reference air. The correct gas pressure corresponds to a
sample flow rate of 10-15 scfh for the portable RANAREX gravitometer. The
flow rate is measured by a rotameter. As an operating convenience, the flow
scale is graduated in relative density units. The operator can adjust the
needle valve so that the flowmeter reads the approximate relative density of
the gas.
For gas pressures above 20 psig, a suitable pressure reducing
regulator must precede the rotameter.

1-2

GENERAL INFORMATION

NOTE: The flowmeter can be used with inlet pressures up to 20

Psig. When the sample pressure is above 20 Psig it must be
reduced using an external pressure regulator.
1.3.3 Temperature{tc \l3 "1.3.3 Temperature}
The reference air is admitted to the gravitometer at the ambient temperature
of the instrument. For the gas and air to be measured at the same
temperature, the gas must be heated or cooled to ambient temperature. This is
important if the gas pressure has been reduced more than 100 Psig, or if the
gas flows through a temperature zone more than 10EF (12EC) different from the
ambient temperature of the gravitometer. If the sample gas temperature must
be adjusted, the gas may be passed through a coiled 10 ft. (30m) section of
metal tubing before entering the gravitometer.
1.3.4 Moisture Content{tc \l3 "1.3.4 Moisture Content}
Gases that are "wet" (dew point above 50EF, 10EC) must be measured against
humidified air. Gases that are "dry" (dew point below 50EF, 10EC) or gases
which would be dissolved by a humidifier, such as NH3, or gases which are
corrosive when moist, such as SO2, must be measured against dry air. Dry
instrument air may be reduced to barometric pressure and used as reference
air. If instrument air is not available, ambient air can be dried and, when
specified, the gravitometer will be equipped with an integral air drier.
1.3.5 Filtering{tc \l3 "1.3.5 Filtering}
A commercial filter (25 micron) must be used ahead of the regulator and
flowmeter to protect the instrument. Other precautions must be used to
prevent liquids from entering the instrument. A Balston filter (or
equivalent) may be required.
NOTE:
RANAREX instruments do not include the gas filter,
pressure reducing regulator or sample hose because most users
have individual preferences for these items and maintain their
own stock.
1.3.6 Sampling Systems{tc \l3 "1.3.6 Sampling Systems}
Components for conditioning the gas and reference air may be furnished by the
purchaser. However, as a convenience and to assure correct selection, it is
recommended that they be purchased with the RANAREX gravitometer.

1-3

{tc \l1 "SECTION 2 INSTALLATION}

SECTION 2
INSTALLATION

Fig. 2 Outline and Mounting Dimensions

1.

Check all accessories.

A.

All RANAREX gravitometers include:

1
1
1
1

Electric cord, 6 ft. of 18 gauge cable with male and female plugs
1-1/2 lb. can indicating silica gel
Filling funnel
Instruction Manual

B. When the RANAREX gravitometer is operated from a 12 volt DC battery,

the following is also furnished, unless excluded by Purchaser:
1
2
1

RANAREX Invertor
Battery Cables, 16 ft. of 12 gauge wire with battery clips
Inverter Instruction Manual (found in Reference Material section
of Gravitometer manual)

2. Select the location for the gravitometer. The instrument should not be
near hot or cold objects. Allow at least 5" clearance on the left side and
3" on the right side for making connections and normal operating functions.
If the instrument is to be permanently mounted in one location, it should be
secured with four 1/4-20 machine screws. These screws are used with the
holes in the gravitometer base. See Figure 2 for mounting dimensions of the
gravitometer and the location of the mounting holes.
See Figure 3 for
location of connections and external controls.
3. Install the power inverter.
the inverter.

Read the instructions that are packed with

2-1

INSTALLATION

WARNING: Do not operate RANAREX without first reading the

Operating Instructions.
4.

Fill the air drier.

The air drier must be removed from the upper left

Fig. 3 Location of Connections and Controls

side of the instrument by loosening the two fasteners. Remove the plastic
drier assembly from the gravitometer far enough until the rubber tube can be
removed from the elbow at the rear of the drier. Remove the rubber plug on
the front of the drier by lifting the lever at the center of the plug (but do
not turn the lever).
Hold the drier horizontal with the front face up and pour silica gel using
the funnel into the spout. Tap or shake the drier vigorously and continue to
fill the drier to the base of the spout. Replace the rubber plug, attach the
rubber tube on the elbow at the rear of the drier, install the drier into the
gravitometer.
NOTE: If the drier assembly is damaged, the entire assembly
must be replaced.
The moisture capacity of the silica gel will vary according to the
atmospheric humidity and it must be inspected at regular intervals. When the
upper half of the narrow compartment shows a change from deep blue color to
gray-pink color, the silica gel must be replaced.
Active silica gel has a deep blue color and must be kept in a tightly closed
container. Expended silica gel has a light grayish-pink color. The silica
gel may be reactivated and used over and over again. To reactive, heat the
silica gel in an open container to approximately 250EF until the dark blue
color returns, then store in a tightly closed container.
Additional silica gel may be obtained from Chandler Engineering as Part
Number 300-00259.

2-2

IN
S
TA
LO

5. Attach the outlet hoses. If the gravitometer is operated in a confined

space, such as inside a vehicle, the gas sample must be discharged outside
the vehicle.
This will prevent contaminating the operating space with
noxious or hazardous gas and air mixtures. If measuring only gas below 1.000
relative density, attach a hose to the port LIGHT GAS OUTLET on upper right
side of gravitometer case. If measuring gases above 1.000 relative density,
attach a hose to the port HEAVY GAS OUTLET. These hoses must remain attached
when checking the instrument "zero point".
6. Gas filter.
If the gas contains suspended particles larger than 25
microns, or if the gas is "wet", filtering is required. If a commercial
filter is not available, a suitable moisture trap may be made from 1"
(2.54cm) pipe 15" (38cm) long mounted vertically. Cap both ends and install
a drain valve in the bottom cap. Install an inlet connection from the gas
line 2" (5cm) from the bottom and place the outlet to the gravitometer 2"
(5cm) from top. Fill the pipe loosely with commercial No. 0 steel wool.
Drain the trap frequently to keep the steel wool free from condensate.
7. Gas temperature. If the gas sample is at a pressure above 100 Psig, or
if the sample flows through a temperature zone more than 10EF (-12EC)
different from the ambient temperature of the gravitometer, sample
temperature adjustment is required. Install a section of 3/8" (1cm) metal
tube 10 ft (3m) long, and locate it near the gravitometer case. The tube may
be coiled or bent to suit the space available. The tube will serve as a heat
exchanger to heat or cool the sample gas.
8. Make the gas sample connection. Attach a pressure reducing regulator to
the sample tap and route the sample line to the gravitometer. The sample
line must be capable of delivering 12 SCFH gas, free of condensed liquids, at
a pressure not exceeding 15 Psig. It is recommended to use proper sample
probes and sampling techniques as defined in ASTM, GPA, and API standards.

2-3

INSTALLATION

This page is intentionally left blank.

2-4

SECTION 3
OPERATION{tc \l1 "SECTION 3

OPERATION}

CAUTION: This type RANAREX Gravitometer is provided with a

Pointer Lock (Figure 3), which must be locked at all times
when the drive motor is not operating. The function of the
lock is to exert tension on the flexible tape, which connects
the cam and reference wheel (Figure 1).
This tension
maintains correct "tracking" of the tape when the instrument
is stopped. The user is cautioned to leave the lock applied
until after the drive motor has been started and to apply the
lock before shutting off the motor, to avoid operating
inconvenience and prevent damage to the instrument.
The "LOCK" position of the pointer is at the upper right corner of the scale,
near the 0.970-1.030 graduations. The position of the locking mechanism is
shown by the arrow of the knob and the legends on the gravitometer front
cover.
To check if the pointer is locked, turn the knob to "UNLOCK" and observe if
the pointer drifts downward, then turn the knob to the "LOCK" position and
observe if the pointer snaps into original position.
3.1 PROCEDURE{tc \l2 "3.1 PROCEDURE}
The correct procedure for operating
the RANAREX gravitometer is described
on the instruction plate located over
the center of the indicating scale
and reproduced as Figure 4 of this
section. It is recommended that the
user observe the sequence of steps as
listed.
In this way, maximum
accuracy will be achieved.
The following
helpful:

comments

are

also

3.1.1 Zero Adjustment{tc \l3 "3.1.1

Zero Adjustment}:
The zero adjustment screw must be
turned in the direction opposite to
the
correction
required
in
the
pointer reading. For example, if the
pointer must be moved clockwise to
1.000 on the scale, the screw should
be turned counterclockwise.
After
making adjustments, allow the pointer
to stabilize.
During normal operation, the zero
adjustment screw will require less
than a 1/4 turn to set pointer to
1.000. If more than 1/2 turn is ever
required,
stop
the
motor
and
investigate the cause.
Fig. 4 Operating Instruction Plate

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION

BEFORE STARTING, CHECK THAT:
1. Pointer and Lock Knob are in "LOCK" position.
2. RANAREX Selector Valve is in "O" position.
3. Silica gel in Drier is in active condition.
4. Gas vent hose is connected and ran to safe
area.
TO START:
1. With Inverter: Connect RANAREX card to
Inverter outlet, turn switch "ON".
Without Inverter: Connect RANAREX cord to
correct current.
2. After 5 seconds, turn Lock Knob to "UNLOCK",
observe as Pointer moves toward 1.000
reading.
3. Connect regulator delivery to 15 PSIG maximum.
TO READ GAS:
1. Check if Pointer reads 1.000 on air. If not,
reset with Zero Adjust screw.
2. For gas below 1.000, turn RANAREX Selector Valve
to "LG."
For gas above 1.000, turn RANAREX Selector Valve
to "HG."
3. Connect gas hose to Flowmeter inlet. Adjust flow
valve so float rises to
approximate relative
density.
4. After pointer stabilizes, read relative density.
TO SHUT DOWN:
1. Disconnect gas hose from Flowmeter, then turn
RANAREX Selector Valve to "O", Purge
to 1.000.
2. Firmly turn Lock Knob to "LOCK" position.
3. With Inverter: Turn Switch "OFF"
Without Inverter: Disconnect RANAREX cord from
current.

4-1

OPERATION

NOTE: Never turn the zero adjustment screw to the limit of

the adjustments (clockwise or counter-clockwise) with motor
operating.
3.1.2 Response Time{tc \l3 "3.1.2 Response Time}:
When measuring gas at the normal flow rate of 12 SCFH, the response time to
reach the final reading is 40-45 seconds.
This time can be reduced by
operating at a higher flow rate, obtained by adjusting the flowmeter valve so
the float reads higher than the actual gas relative density.
For example, when measuring 0.6 gravity gas, a flowmeter setting of about 1.2
will reduce the response time to about 30 seconds. However, the flow must
not exceed the range of the flowmeter.
3.1.3 Over-Pressure Protection{tc \l3 "3.1.3 Over-Pressure Protection}:
If the flowmeter valve is opened before the selector valve is turned to "LG"
or "HG", the valve cover will lift off the body to relieve the pressure and
will be reseated by the spring.
3.1.4 Purging to 1.000 After Measuring a Gas{tc \l3 "3.1.4 Purging to 1.000
After Measuring a Gas}:
The instrument must be purged to bring the pointer within the range of the
pointer lock mechanism.
If the pointer starts toward 1.000 and then
hesitates and remains at an intermediate reading, turn the selector valve
halfway beyond "0" toward the next position. If the pointer then continues
toward and reaches 1.000, check for an obstruction as described in the
Troubleshooting Section.

4-2

SECTION 4
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING{tc \l1 "SECTION 4 MAINTENANCE

AND

SERVICING}
4.1 LUBRICATION{tc \l2 "4.1 LUBRICATION}
The motor bearings, impeller bearings and idler pulley bearings have long-life lubrication
to provide long service. If the impeller bearings bind or become extremely noisy, they
may be lubricated as described in the section titled Impeller Bearings, or the complete
assembly may be replaced. The idler pulley bearing should be inspected and re-lubricated
if it does not turn freely or becomes noisy.
4.2 SELECTOR VALVE{tc \l2 "4.2 SELECTOR VALVE}
If the sample selector valve is contaminated, it will require cleaning and lubrication.
Should this become repeatedly necessary, a gas filter should be used.
To clean the selector valve, remove the screw at the center of the valve cover and
withdraw the screw, 2 washers, spring and cover. Remove all old grease and contamination
from the surfaces and channels in the cover and valve body. Lubricate the faces of the
cover and body with silicone-based grease and replace all parts.
If the valve cover or valve body become scored, it is necessary to lap/polish the mating
surfaces to eliminate the scoring.
Clean both surfaces, apply fine valve grinding
compound to them and reassemble the valve. Loosen the detent spring which engages the
"O", "LG" and "HG" notches of the cover. Repeatedly rotate the cover on the valve body
beyond its normal operating range, continuing until the scoring is removed. After the
lapping/polishing operation, thoroughly clean, lubricate and reassemble all parts.
4.3 POINTER LOCK{tc \l2 "4.3 POINTER LOCK}
If the connecting tape leaves the cam or reference wheel while the gravitometer is in
transit, the pointer lock will require adjustment in the following sequence:
1. Remove the front cover to check if the sides of the U-hook at end of lock spring are
parallel with inner face of the cover, and if the set screw is fully tightened in the
shaft of the lock knob. Turn the spring and tighten the screw if necessary.
2. Remove the indicating scale, track the connecting tape on the cam and reference wheel,
then set pointer approximately at the 1.000 position. Hold front cover by hand in correct
position on gravitometer casing. Turn the knob toward the lock position to check if the
U-hook straddles the radial edge of the cam. If necessary, bend the spring in the correct
direction at the knob shaft.
3. Hold the front cover to the casing by hand, turn knob toward lock position to check if
the spring takes up the slack in the connection tape before the lower end of the spring
snaps between the detent pins of the cover. If it does not, bend the upper section of the
lock spring, at the knob, toward the cam edge. This will be toward the left when viewed
from inside the cover.
4. Finally, with the cover held to the casing, check if the lower end of the lock spring
will snap between the detent pins and will be retained. If necessary, bend the lower end
of the spring toward, or away from, the front cover, as required.
4-1

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

4.4 CARE OF THE CONNECTING TAPE{tc \l2 "4.4 CARE OF THE CONNECTING TAPE}
4.4.1 Tracking the Tape{tc \l3 "4.4.1 Tracking the Tape}
Release the pointer lock and remove the front cover and indicating scale. If tape does
not track on both the measuring and reference wheels, turn both wheels clockwise. Replace
the tape onto each wheel, set pointer to approximately 1.000 and turn the reference wheel
to take up slack in the tape.
If tape has fallen behind either wheel, extract it
carefully by rotating the wheel as necessary, to avoid kinking the tape.
4.4.2 Cleaning the Tape{tc \l3 "4.4.2 Cleaning the Tape}
Wipe off dust, finger marks, or oil with tissue or cloth. Do not use cleaning fluid or
solvent. At the same time clean the rims of the cam and reference wheel.
4.4.3 Replacing the Tape{tc \l3 "4.4.3 Replacing the Tape}
If a new tape must be installed, loosen the clip screws at the ends of the tape, remove
retaining clips from the rims of the cam and the reference wheels and remove the old tape.
Hook the new tape over the screw heads and install clips with curved end pointing in
direction of tape.
Adjust tape flush with edges of the wheels and tighten the clip
screws.
If spare tape is not available, a replacement tape can be made from 3M Company "Scotch"
brand #175 Tenzar Recording Tape, or any other 1.5 MIL Heavy Duty Mylar Recording Tape.
Cut tape to 13-9/16" long and punch 2 holes 9/64" diameter spaced 13-1/16" center to
center. Check the operation of the pointer lock and if necessary, adjust it as described
in Section 4.
4.5 DRIVE BELT TENSION{tc \l2 "4.5 DRIVE BELT TENSION}
The correct tension required to prevent belt slippage without overloading the bearings is
maintained by a spring loaded idler pulley.
If dust or dirt accumulates between the idler pulley arm bushing and the pivot shaft, it
will interfere with free motion and must be removed. Before disassembling, scratch a mark
on the face of the adjusting collar and end of the pivot shaft to show the original
positions. Obtain a firm grip on the collar by inserting a pin in a hole in the rim or
face and loosen set screw.
Allow collar to turn clockwise until spring tension is
relieved, then draw collar and arm off shaft. After cleaning, reassemble in original
position.
The correct load of the idler pulley on the belt is 5 to 6 pounds which may be measured
with a spring scale. Remove belt and place scale hook around pulley shaft. Pull on the
scale in direction perpendicular to the normal position of the idler pulley arm until the
pulley is swung into its normal position. If necessary to increase the load, turn the
adjusting collar one quarter turn counterclockwise to the next flat of the pivot shaft.
Before loosening the set screw, obtain a firm grip on the collar by inserting a pin in a
hole in the rim of face.
4.6 IDLER BEARING{tc \l2 "4.6 IDLER BEARING}
This bearing should be inspected and replaced if it does not turn freely or becomes noisy.
NOTE: Bearing is lubricated as shipped.
can be relubricated when necessary.

4-2

It cannot be disassembled but

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

1.

Grip round shaft where it extends from pulley.

2.
Remove adapter shaft by gripping hex section and turning for right-hand thread.
Unscrew adapter shaft completely but do not lose split lock washer.
3. Insert tip of grease tube (PN 187-14010 or equivalent) into the tapped hole in the
pulley shaft. Fill the hole with grease.
4. Replace adapter shaft in pulley shaft.
recess around base of male thread.

Be sure split lock washer is in position in

5. Tightening the adapter shaft into the pulley shaft will force the grease into the
bearings. Excess grease will be forced out through the seals but do not use more grease
than needed to obtain smooth rotation of shaft in the pulley.
4.7 GRAVITOMETER DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE{tc \l2 "4.7 GRAVITOMETER DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE}
If the gravitometer must be disassembled, the following sequence must be observed.
1. Front Cover: Release pointer lock and turn fully to UNLOCK position to set lock
spring below bottom of scale plate. Loosen the 8 fasteners but hold cover from dropping
downward on scale and pointer. If cover is placed flat on bench-top, inside face must be
upward to avoid damage to locking spring.
2.

Rear Cover:

Loosen the 8 fasteners to remove the rear cover.

3. Indicating Scale: Set pointer to about 0.950 and loosen scale fastening screws one
turn. Lift scale up so keyholes will pass over screw heads. Then move scale downward
holding it in until right side clears pointer.
4. Front Chamber Cover: Remove 8 screws around the rim of both chambers. Grasp assembly
by scale posts and zero adjust screw and pull forward. The assembly may be set down on a
bench-top against the 4 pins which project from the rear, or it may be placed on the right
edge, steadied by the zero adjust screw. In this position exercise care that the pointer
is not bent.
5. Rear Chamber Cover: First remove the Front Chamber cover. Then remove the belt and
unscrew both impellers from front of the chambers; impellers have right hand threads.
Remove 8 screws around rim of chambers and 2 inner screws at lower section of casting.
Grasp assembly by bearing housing and pull outward from body. Assembly may be set on
right edge, steadied by idler pulley, or may be placed on bench with pulleys downward.
6.
Operating Mechanism (Front Chamber Cover, Chamber Body and Rear Chamber Cover):
Remove front and rear covers, as previously described, and unscrew outlet nipples from
right side of casing. Remove 2 outer screws from base of assembly accessible through
rear. Remove 2 screws with carrying handle and internal spacer plate from upper section.
Slide assembly to rear of the instrument, supporting it by hand and guided by pins in
lower section.
4.8 IMPELLER BEARINGS{tc \l2 "4.8 IMPELLER BEARINGS}
The impeller ball bearings are lubricated with sufficient grease for 2-3 years of
operation. If the bearings do not turn freely or become noisy, the bearings should be
replaced. The bearing part number is 5-251.
A design modification has been implemented to this assembly to improve its operating
performance at low temperature as well as to simplify its service procedure.

4-3

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

The new design uses double seal ball bearings and additional o-rings to seal between the
bearing (Key No. 1246/PN 5-251) and the impeller shaft (Key No. 1247/PN 302-01889) and
between the bearing and the impeller bearing casing (Key No. 1248/PN 302-01888). Use Part
Number 300-00258 if ordering the complete bearing and shaft assembly.
There is no need to fill the void between the impeller shaft and casing with bearing
grease (P/N 187-14010).
NOTE: All portable gravitometers with serial number P-259 and later
incorporate the new design ball bearing assembly.
4.8.1 Impeller Disassembly{tc \l3 "4.8.1 Impeller Disassembly}
a. Remove the front chamber cover assembly, impellers and rear chamber cover
assembly from the operating mechanism per instructions 1-5 in the section titled
Gravitometer Disassembly Procedure.
b. Temporarily reinstall front chamber cover assembly in instrument to avoid damage
while working on bearings.
c. Remove the nuts from the shaft without bending it.
d. Mark the pulleys and shafts so that they can be reinstalled in their original
positions.
e. Gently tap on the end of the shafts to push the front ball bearing out of
housing. Use small bearing puller to remove bearing from shaft.
f. Gently push or tap on threaded end of shaft to push the rear bearing out of the
housing. Use small bearing puller to remove bearing from shaft.
4.8.2 Impeller Assembly{tc \l3 "4.8.2 Impeller Assembly}
a. Inspect and clean interior of impeller bearing casing and the shaft.
b. Insert shaft and bearing into bearing casing. Replace the nuts on the ends of
the impeller shafts. Install bearing on pulley end of shaft. Seat bearing bore
against shoulder of shaft and turn shaft by hand to check for smooth rotation.
c. Reassemble the rear chamber cover assembly, impellers, front chamber cover
assembly in reverse order of disassembly.
4.9 TROUBLESHOOTING{tc \l2 "4.9 TROUBLESHOOTING}
To be accurate the gravitometer must satisfy the following operating conditions:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Sufficient flow of gas sample and reference air

Impellers rotating at correct speed
Pointer moves without friction
Instrument free of internal leaks
Pointer statically balanced
Air drier filled with active silica gel
Instrument is properly calibrated

If there is reason to believe the gravitometer is reading incorrectly, tests and remedies
should be made in the sequence described below.
If necessary to disassemble the
gravitometer, refer to the Gravitometer Disassembly Procedure found earlier in this
section.
4-4

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

1. Check the gas and air flow. Disconnect all inlet and outlet hoses, set selector valve
to "O" and purge the gravitometer. Verify that there is flow at the discharge ports.
If there is no evidence of flow, disconnect the hose from the rear of the air drier and
retest. If flow is established, empty the air drier, clean the outlet elbow, fill with
fresh silica gel (6-16 mesh) and retest.
If there is no evidence of flow, remove the cover of the selector valve, inspect and clean
the ports and channels of the cover and valve body and retest.
Finally, if there still is no evidence of flow, it indicates the passages within the
instrument are obstructed. Remove the rear chamber cover and check the passages which
extend from impeller bearing location to the elbows near the bottom of the chamber cover.
Also check the outlet tubes and nipples from both chambers.
2. Check the impeller speed. Correct speed is approximately 2800 RPM as measured with a
strobe tachometer. If a tachometer is not available, remove the drive belt and verify
that the motor pulley, impeller pulleys, and the idler pulley turn freely.
If the
impeller pulleys do not turn freely, lubricate the impeller bearings as described earlier
in the section titled Impeller Bearings or replace the assembly. If the idler pulley does
not turn freely, the motor should be replaced.
3.
Check for frictionless indicator response.
Remove front cover and connect the
instrument to a gas sample. Record the reading. Gently move the indicator to each side
of the true reading and release. Indicator should return to the same reading from each
direction, within .001 relative density within 15 seconds. If it does not, the impulse
wheel shafts and bearings should be cleaned.
Remove the front chamber cover of the
operating mechanism and hold it upright by gripping firmly in a vise, or stand it securely
on right side edge. Loosen the set screws in the hub of the cam and reference wheel and
draw the impulse wheels with shafts out of the bearings. Use care that the cam and
reference wheels and the flexible tape are not damaged while removed from the instrument.
Tag the impulse wheels to indicate the chamber from which they were removed. Polish the
shafts with crocus cloth or fine steel wool. Do not bend the shafts.
If the impulse wheel shafts show a bright polished groove where they rotate in the jeweled
bearings, or if the hubs of the cam and reference wheel show a groove where they have been
drawn against the ends of the impulse wheel bearings, these grooves should be removed by
lapping and polishing. If the wear is excessive, the shafts must be replaced.
Gently blow out the impulse wheel bearings with clean air or gas and add a drop of
instrument oil to both ends of each bearing. Suitable oil is available from Chandler
Engineering.
Replace the shafts with wheels in their bearings in the correct chamber and turn them
slowly. If the protruding portion of the shaft wobbles or if the wheel does not turn
freely, the shaft should be replaced with a new one. A bent impulse wheel shaft will
cause the instrument to lose accuracy and sensitivity. Attach the measuring and reference
wheels to the impulse wheel shafts being certain that the set screws bear on the flats of
the shafts. A small amount of shaft end play [.005" to 0.010" (.13-.25mm) maximum] must
exist to prevent binding. Verify that no parts of the indicating mechanism have been bent
and that there is no binding between parts.
4. Check for internal leaks. Operate the instrument connected to a gas sample and obtain
a relative density reading at the far end of the measuring range. Shut off the gas flow
by closing the flowmeter valve. The indicator should remain steady or should not return
toward 1.000 reading at a rate faster than .007 on the inner scale in 3 minutes. If it
does not meet this test, there is an internal leak. To determine where the leak is
located, stop the motor, remove the front and rear covers and disconnect hose from the
inlet port of the selector valve. Individually pressurize (approximately 10 psig) the
upper and lower chambers with gas and use a gas leak detector to find the leak.
4-5

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

The leak is probably caused by loose screws or a gasket which has become damaged. Verify
that the Tygon7 tubes which join the internal connector to the selector valve and to the
elbows near bottom of rear chamber cover are not cracked or damaged.
5. Check the indicator balance. The measuring mechanism was statically balanced by the
manufacturer and does not change with wear or age. The balancing weights behind the cam
should not be disturbed. However, if required, the balance can be verified and restored
as described below.
Stop the motor and remove the front cover. Place the pointer consecutively at the right
side, bottom, and left side of the scale.
In each position tap the front of the
gravitometer case to overcome static friction. The pointer should remain stationary or
very nearly so. If it drifts more than two small graduations on the red scale, make
compensating adjustments of the balancing weights on the threaded rods. When loosening or
re-tightening the balancing weights, use care that the threaded rods, pointer and impulse
wheel shaft are not bent or damaged.
Balancing the cam and mechanism is a trial and error process.
The pointer may be
considered balanced if it remains steady or drifts only two scale divisions.
After
rebalancing, do not permit the weights to be moved. A drop of low strength Loctite7,
lacquer, or fingernail polish on the weights and threaded rods will lock the adjustments
is place.
6. Check the silica gel in the air drier. If silica gel is exhausted, remove and empty
the air drier. Refill with active silica gel.
7. The gravitometer was accurately calibrated by the manufacturer and the calibration
does not change appreciably with wear or age. The adjustments should not be changed
without first checking every other possible source of error. Calibration should proceed
if all other sources of error are eliminated.
8. Sometimes during calibration, repeatability problems occur due to static friction.
Gently tapping the side of the case will eliminate the static friction.

4-6

SECTION 5
CALIBRATION{tc \l1 "SECTION 5

CALIBRATION}

To calibrate the instrument there are three adjustments:

1. Zero Adjust. This is the only adjustment required in normal operation. The zero
adjust screw operates the chain, sprockets and lower impulse wheel bearing which positions
the lower impulse wheel longitudinally in the lower chamber to match the torque of the
upper chamber when operating on air. Refer to the section titled Zero Adjustment in
Section 3 for instructions for use of the zero adjust.
2.
Sensitivity.
The longitudinal position of the upper impulse wheel in the upper
chamber governs sensitivity of the instrument. If the pointer is too sensitive, it may be
reduced by moving the upper impulse wheel closer to the front of the chamber, by turning
the upper impulse wheel bearing counterclockwise. If the pointer lacks sensitivity (and
if there is no evidence of mechanical binding), it may be increased by moving the upper
impulse wheel closer to the rear of the chamber, by turning the upper impulse wheel
bearing clockwise. This adjustment requires loosening the 7/8" hex lock nut behind the
measuring wheel, turning the 1/2" hex head of the bearing in correct direction, and
tightening the lock nut. Turn only one flat (1/6 turn) at a time and retest.
3. Span Adjustment. The span of the gravitometer is governed by the angular position of
the pointer on the measuring wheel. To permit adjustment, the pointer is attached to the
measuring wheel by two screws which pass through circular slots in the pointer hub. If
span adjustment is necessary, the pointer should be moved in relation to the measuring
wheel in the direction of the desired reading.
For example, if the pointer reads
numerically too high on the red scale (too low on the black scale), the pointer should be
moved clockwise. Similarly, if the pointer reads numerically too low on the red scale
(too high on the black scale), the pointer should be moved counterclockwise.
Before making an adjustment, mark the position of the pointer hub on the face of the cam,
then loosen the screws just enough that the pointer can be turned against slight friction
of the washers under the screw heads, but that it will not slip freely. Make adjustments
in small increments of 2 or 3 small graduations on the red scale at one time and retest.
When either the sensitivity or span adjustment is changed, it is necessary to reset the
zero adjust to 1.000 on air.
5.1 CALIBRATION PULLEY{tc \l2 "5.1 CALIBRATION PULLEY}
A Calibration Pulley is fastened inside of every new instrument. This pulley can be used,
instead of a certified gas, to check the calibration of the instrument. The pulley, Part
No. 315-03031, is intended to make the instrument read 0.640 theoretical relative density.
Because of the tolerance on the diameters of the pulleys, the following test procedure
must be used to determine the exact relative density (.001) the pulley will produce.
1. Operate Gravitometer with new silica gel in the drier and the selector valve on "O".
If necessary, turn ZERO ADJUST until pointer reads 1.000.
2. Turn power OFF; remove Upper Impeller Pulley and measure its maximum diameter at the
crown with a micrometer.
3. Install the Calibration Pulley on the Upper Impeller Shaft.
diameter at the crown, using the micrometer.

Measure its maximum

4. Continue to operate the gravitometer without making any adjustments.

record the relative density reading.

Observe and

5-1

CALIBRATION

5. Divide the diameter of the standard Upper Impeller Pulley by the diameter of the
Calibration Pulley and square the answer. This value is the correct relative density
reading.
Example:
Upper Impeller Pulley = 1.481" diameter (3.762cm)
Calibration Pulley = 1.850" diameter (4.699cm)
Correct Reading = !Syntax Error, {

6. If it is necessary to test the calibration at different relative density values, a

Calibration Pulley is required for each test value.
7. After completing the tests, replace the Calibration Pulley with the standard Upper
Impeller Pulley and store the Calibration Pulley for future use.
The following additional calibration pulley sizes are available:
CALIBRATION PULLEY SIZES

5-2

Part Number

Relative Density

Part Number

Relative Density

304-03031

(.758 S.G.)

309-03031

(.576 S.G.)

305-03031

(.715 S.G.)

320-03031

(.588 S.G.)

311-03031

(.733 S.G.)

322-03031

(.840 S.G.)

315-03031

(.640 S.G.)

324-03031

(.930 S.G.)

SECTION 6
PARTS LISTS{tc \l1 "SECTION 6 PARTS LISTS}

FIG
KEY
NO.

.
PART No.

DESCRIPTION

NO

PORTABLE GAS GRAVITOMETER

1001

56-02253

Case

1002

300-00002

Front Cover Assembly

1003

357-02254

Rear Cover

1004

329-02044

Scale

1005

302-02145

Nameplate (State Serial Number)

1006

302-02080

Pointer Lock Knob

1007

188-11914

Fastener, Front Door

1008

187-20145

Retainer

1009

302-02267

Strap

1010

187-19521

Foot

1011

300-00046

Gas Flowmeter

1012

188-11923

Screw, 8-32 x 3/8", Pan Hd SS

1,4

1013

302-02573

Gas Hose

1014

300-00018

Selector Valve

1015

300-00259

Silica Gel (One Required for Refill)

1016

300-00017

Drier Box Assembly

1017

302-02294

Gasket

1018

302-02265

Drier Closure with Strap

1019

188-12573

Drier Fastener

1022

357-01954

Handle

1051

329-02067

Front Cover

1052

302-02144

Instruction Plate

1053

302-01930

Stop Collar

1054

188-07305

Set Screw,10-32x3/16",Hex Socket,Cup Pt.St.

1055

188-07566

Set Screw, 6-32x3/16",Hex Socket,Half Dog SS

6-2

FIG
KEY
NO.

.
PART No.

1056

302-02081

Pointer Lock Spring

1057

187-19393

Window Clip

1058

188-00616

Screw,#4x1/4",Self Tapping,Rd Hd,ST,CAD PL

1059

357-01956

Window Gasket

1060

357-01955

Window Glass

1061

302-02040

Cam

1062

302-02208

Pointer

1063

302-02075

Tape Clip

1064

188-11706

Screw, 2-56 x 1/4", Nylok, Phillip Head,Steel

1065

188-11500

Screw,4-40X1/2",Fil Hd SS

1066

187-12161

Belleville Washer,#4,SS

1067

302-02001

Cam Hub

1068

187-00795

Small Balancing Nut

1069

302-28613

Large Balancing Nut

1070

302-20613

Balance Weight

1071

300-00007

Cam and Pointer Assembly

1072

302-02074

Balance Wheel Stop

1073

188-06992

Screw, 1/4-20 x 1/4", Rd Hd Br NI PL

1074

302-02160

Dust Sleeve

1075

188-12265

Set Screw, 6-32 X 1/2" Hex Socket Hd, Half Dog Pt,SS

1076

300-00005

Balance Wheel Assembly

1077

187-0006
187-15197

Electrical Receptacle (Below S/N P-5840)

Electrical Receptacle (Above S/N P-5839)

1078

302-01958

Cover Gasket

1079

302-02042

Connecting Tape

1080

302-02194

Pointer Stop

1081

302-02139

Scale Stud

1101

188-11913

Screw,, 1/4-20 X 1/1-8" Oval Hd, SS

1102

302-02140

Spacer

1103

187-29445

Air Hose and Sample Hose

DESCRIPTION

NO

6-3

FIG
KEY
NO.

.
PART No.

1104

302-02280

Hose Spring

1105/
1106

302-02279

Tube & Connector

1107

187-11546

Drive Belt

1108

300-00256

Motor and Capacitor 115V 60HZ

1109

188-01857

Screw, 8-32 X 1/2" Fil Hd, SS

1110

188-01224

#8 SS Lockwasher, Spring

1111

302-02086
303-02298

Motor Pulley, 60HZ

Motor Pulley, 50HZ

1112

188-11076

Set Screw, 10-32 X 5/16" Socket Hd, Cup Pt,SS

1113

188-11928

Dowel Pin, 1/4" x 1-1/4", SS

1114

356-03253

Base Plate

1115

188-04574

Screw, 5/16-18 X 1-1/4",Fil Hd, St Cad Pl

1116

302-02255

Elbow

1117

302-01970

Air Outlet Nipple

1118

187-02788

O-Ring, 1-1/32" O.D. x 1/4" wide, Rubber

1119

302-01969

Gas Outlet Nipple

DESCRIPTION

NO

OPERATING MECHANISM
1150

300-00003

Operating Mechanism Assembly (Also Order Two #1116)

1151

356-02057

Front Chamber Cover

1152

302-01880

Impulse Wheel

1153

187-07566

Set Screw, 6-32 x 3/16" Hex Socket Half Dog Pt, SS

1154

187-19961

Dowel Pin, 1/4"Dia x 1-1/2" SS

1155

302-02151

Impulse Wheel Bearing Locknut

1156

302-01920

Upper Impulse Wheel Bearing

1157

303-01919

Upper Impulse Wheel Shaft

1158

302-01930

Collar

1159

188-07305

Set Screw, 10-32 x 3/16", Hex Socket, Cup Pt,ST

1160

302-01929

Spacer

1161

302-01927

Zero Adjust Shaft and Sprocket

1162

302-03280

Zero Adjust Chain

6-4

FIG
KEY
NO.

.
PART No.

1163

302-02147

Zero Chain Takeup

1164

188-11931

Screw, 1/4-20 x 7/8" Rd Hd SS

1165

188-05212

Lockwasher, 1/4" ST

1166

302-02161

Threaded Bushing

1167

304-01919

Lower Impulse Wheel Shaft

1168

302-01921

Lower Impulse Wheel Bearing and Sprocket

1169

188-12262

Lower Impuse Wheel Bearing O-Ring, 1/4"ID x 1/16"W, Neoprene

1170

188-00590

Screw, 5/16-18 x 1", Fil Hd ST Cad Pl

1171

188-14708

Spacer Ring

1172

188-14707

Grip Ring

1173

188-14706

Retaining Ring

1210

356-02056

Chamber Body

1211

329-02218

Front Chamber Gasket

1212

329-02126

Rear Chamber Gasket

1213

302-01881

Impeller

1214

302-01882

Inlet Plate

1215

187-11074

Inlet Plate O-Ring, 4-3/4"ID x 3/32"W, Neoprene

1240

356-02060

Rear Chamber Cover

1242

188-04577

Screw,5/16-18 x 1-1/2", Fil Hd, St Cad Pl, SS

1243

188-11928

Dowel Pin, 1/4" Dia x 1-1/4" St

1244

302-01883

Auxiliary Impeller

1245

300-00006
300-00258

Impeller Bearing Assembly (Below S/N P-8833)

Impeller Bearing Assembly (Above S/N P-8832)

1246

5-251

Impeller Ball Bearing

1247

302-01889

Impeller Shaft (Below S/N P-8833 also include (3)

187-16721 Hex Nuts)

1248

302-01888

Impeller Bearing Casing

1249

302-01891

Impeller Pulley

1250

188-11076

Set Screw, 10-32 x 5/16", Hex Socket Cup Pt, St

1251

188-01084

Screw, 1/4-20 x 3/4, Fil Hd St Cad Pl

DESCRIPTION

NO

6-5

FIG
KEY
NO.

.
PART No.

1252

302-27740

Idler Pulley Arm Shaft

1253

302-03030

Idler Pulley Arm Assembly

1254

188-00781

Set Screw, 10-32 x 5/16" Hex Socket Cup Pt,St

1255

302-02658

Idler Pulley with Bearing & Shaft

1256

302-02947

Idler Pulley Spring Tightener

1257

302-02946

Idler Pulley Spring

1258

302-01917

Idler Pulley Spring

1259

302-01916

Idler Pulley Arm Screw

1260

302-01892

Idler Pulley & Slide

1261

302-02657

Idler Pulley & Arm Assembly

1262

188-16720

Impeller Bearing O-Ring, 7/8"ID x 1/16"W, Buna-N

1263

187-11061

Retaining Ring, Inner

1264

187-19920

Retaining Ring, Outer

1265

187-19921

Retaining Ring Shaft

DESCRIPTION

NO

ACCESSORIES
1301

302-02195
302-03021

Cordset (Below S/N P-5840)

Cordset (Above S/N P-5839)

1302

187-00259

Funnel

1015

300-00259

Silica Gel (1 required for refill)

329-02420

Inverter

187-16134

Replacement Tube & float for Flowmeter

187-15033

Transformer, Stepdown, 230-115VAC

187-14588

Portable Power Supply

302-20613

Balance Weight

302-28613

Long Nut

CALIBRATION PULLEYS

6-6

307-03031

Calibration Pulley (.758 S.G.)

308-03031

Calibration Pulley (.715 S.G.)

312-03031

Calibration Pulley (.733 S.G.)

314-03031

Calibration Pulley (.666 S.G.)

FIG
KEY
NO.

.
PART No.

DESCRIPTION

316-03031

Calibration Pulley (.640 S.G.)

319-03031

Calibration Pulley (.576 S.G.)

321-03031

Calibration Pulley (.588 S.G.)

323-03031

Calibration Pulley (.840 S.G.)

325-03031

Calibration Pulley (.930 S.G.)

NO

6-7

PARTS LISTS

6-8

PARTS LISTS

6-9

PARTS LISTS

6-10

PARTS LISTS

6-11