1.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
CORONARY HEART DESEASE -

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease in which a waxy

substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich
blood to your heart muscle. Over time, CHD can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart failure and
arrhythmias (ah-RITH-me-ahs). Heart failure is a condition in which your heart can't pump enough blood
to meet your bodys needs. Arrhythmias are problems with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat.

HYPERTENSION - Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the
walls of blood
vessels, and the magnitude of this force depends on the cardiac
output and the resistance of the
blood vessels. The blood flowing inside
vessels exerts a force against the walls - this is blood
pressure. We have more
information on the biology and physics of normal blood pressure itself, a
page
that also looks at how it is measured, what normal measurements are, and
how they
change
with age and exercise.

STROKE - Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA),

cerebrovascular insult (CVI), or brain attack, is when poor blood flow to the brain
results in cell death. There are two main types
of stroke: ischemic due to lack
of blood flow and hemorrhagic due to bleeding. They result in
part of the brain
not functioning properly. Signs and symptoms of a stroke may include an
inability to move or feel on one side of the body, problems understanding or
speaking, feeling like the world is spinning, or loss of vision to one side among
others.

2. HYPERLIPIDEMIA - (British English) involves abnormally elevated levels of any or

all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood.[1] It is the most common form of
dyslipidemia (which includes any abnormal lipid levels). Lipids (fat-soluble
molecules) are transported in a protein capsule. The size of that capsule, or
lipoprotein, determines its density. The lipoprotein density and type of
apolipoproteins it contains determines the fate of the particle and its influence on
metabolism.

3. OBESITY - is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to

the extent that it may have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life
expectancy and/or increased health problems.[1][2] In Western countries, people
are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI),[3] a measurement
obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height,
exceeds 30 kg/m2, with the range 25-30 kg/m2 defined as overweight. Some East
Asian countries use stricter criteria.

4. DIABETES - Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes

a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood
sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells
do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will
typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly
thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia).