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  • Roy and Ong - Worlding Cities, Wiley Blackwell, 2011

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    Roy and Ong_Worlding Cities, Wiley Blackwell, 2011,

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1K vizualizări17 pagini

    Roy and Ong - Worlding Cities, Wiley Blackwell, 2011

    Încărcat de

    MoocCBT
    Roy and Ong_Worlding Cities, Wiley Blackwell, 2011,

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 17
    Jan and Social Change WORLDING CITIES AASIAN EXPERIMENTS AXND THE ART OF BEING GLOBAL Etited by Ananya Roy and Aihwa Ong (@WILEY-BLACKWELL ices bi ron ner i Wy il aed ee Som Ll The ota Sten Gate, ns, Ne Se, fond uscd Em ‘SeNibe aaes aotn se ‘Bet a Cte We Se POS SOLU Sirens pr le oes Te aso ls Og othe ah oe il al ie Aba eno No pa ta may cbr rer i oe SE eS ae ee sc ee saponin pas aeienann dita erp Sao apaeinne area tase Eegicreggeietnentmarma sires tho ft ge he Sige mney ae Se ee a saan Ace dr hb ai a he ih ea, ‘Wig Gat ices snasaoaee Se seettcon Pompeys eying edad Contents sof sais Nite on Cnt Soi Ebi? Prfe Price end Acedgents Towrduction Wostding Cis, or the Ar of Being Global dikes One Part Modeling ‘Sigspore as Model: Pning Innovations Knowle pers (hae Hg Hat 2 nn Moding a Ctopay Teg tGen Uti {in Hn {Planning rvatopols: Rpreentaon and Contestation {nthe Development of Untas Intgraed MegeProects Gare Sin 4 Besogcal Utbaieton: Caeaating Value in an Age of Coed Cimate Change ‘tomas Mey Part I Inter-Referencing 5, Remning Proviniiaed Middle Cs in Ad's Ubon Pamodern: The Cas of Hong Kong Hain FSi 7 129 Crak in the Taga: Lacan of Hope snd Desire in Dutt (ha Haines 1 Asa in the Mic Urban Form and Gina Mobiies~ Hong Kong, Vancouver, Daal (ln Ly ad aoe eC 8 Hypebuling: Spectacle, Speculation, snd the Hyperspace et Sovercanty ‘is On Part IIL New Solidarices 9 Speculaing on tie Nexe Wo Cy Mok! Clinae 10 The Blockade of the Worl Clss Ci Binet Images of dian Utne toa iy HL Ral by Actes: Word-Cls City Maing in Deki DA Geri Condusoa Posesonal Ubon Speed Hyer, Miss reas Arage Roy Iie 60 2 ns a a 2 St 52 a9 a “07 a3 8 396 Be 83 a List of Mlustrations Figures The esteance tthe “untunable development nal vllage” Maize ls stacked a winter feck Hong Kong whte-collr worker ing nein Hong Kong nisi cat marched fr democrat erm The Bank of China baling Sm Hong Kong Concord Pace Pace, 2009 enua's Marin Promenade development, 2008 Hiern Tang, Wa te Land of Ti dt The CCTV tower, Being The cantlever joining the CCTV toes ‘view of the CCTV figure poled next oan adjacent wer Water were Thence Bagh ge ye ine 27 Standing tl, 2000-2008 ‘An ane rendering of the DLE Emporio "Our fare a ete,” etary 2007 es aor Fey 2007 "We hope tive le that one Gay" Norrie 207 Photographing the ey, Latina Moana, Shenzhen, 2010 CGgapar, 2 Hum redevelopmnent projet in Sta Pao, Bra, 2008, ‘he organizational sauce ofthe China-US Center for Saatsinable Deeloenent, nd is imlemensation ‘woke forthe develpment of Huanghaju 01 12 1 186 28 223 29 a5 280, 294 298 a7 1 Introduction Worlding Cities, or the Art of Being Global Aioa Ong Gis ise and fl, bu she vag of arb fe cana he rece fo the workings of universal avy established by capital of coli kiko, {Grog ia the vector of partes srt, mond epirations and ows of cular cts have alvaye been the pring its for’ lewneing workbconjring project. Today, urban dreams snd scheme pla. wil Aceerating oppiruniie and accident that create in ever wideing Spit across the planet. Eeerging nadons exci their ew power by aembling gis and sel wwer to proc parse vine ofthe woe (Once agar as Rem Koolhaas (2008) note "the syne es nthe Eas’ ‘ce vie with one anther, and regional apiraons are rupensded by ew hors ofthe iba In the 1970, New Vork City wat celsbated fer te architec conte tin, which Fstered 2 "dlow” culture of congestion, Koolhaas 1997 led New York "The Cy of te Cave Gable that ute the eh er with peperal meson Bot bythe eal weft centay de Enanea Imedown the fll ef 208 (cle the Great Receon dealt steer a Totue fr New York, Lenny and Toy. Ashe ey es sate ‘0 rein thar ead final perhowen, Singapore ae Dba ae merging at center of bal nance. Meanwhile, Cat es the banker tthe werd has made Shanghai and Hang Kong the sharersling capitals ff he wd Whe cepa of big economic ein cca pages aa tconomies have srk, snl the Asan word hos witnesed he saming ‘nerpence of cies ofintnatonal consequence. The 2010 Shang Exp ig Cie Aegis ne ig hb Fb Sn Race Ahn a Pind Heel ig i 2 Aika Ong Indie The et of Bag inal 3 Jas been the mont explicit demonstration yot of «caro determination to caperment sith catingedge innovation i urban ait, inst, Sl den. Tadeed, noting, the 2008 economic rong vivid Invades mage vews of how Gites, ther finesons, snd ples il ‘dung acorig to smn master law of Eaxopean expnence Today, Aan ‘ies ae fei utes, not fo Falling an eae patvay or mater bcp, but fr a pebora of situated experens thal reamect what tran norms ean ett a aba” Api ees the so-called lobl Sout challenge icipinary conte ‘hae map cen according fo = goal don of gab capa sad pon ‘sina reins: Hegemonic tennis of gbataton and ptclntliy Inve long inspite a caneepual ers nna of generale global spe, Sng cs an thei dein, Aste cae wi ealy er aeons ies inthe emerging world today have coe to edly maton amt ‘ns of wealth, power, ad ecogon. Major cis the developing weld Jane became centers of enormous poe investment, economic growth, sd earl ay and thot have Become sites frat th oun (le wo bal slteance. ‘A recognition ofthe changing dines ofthe word not ool des out fe to cnergingenetopatan center, bat alo print eo the fallacies of ome key asmprons tn meopatan studi, Inthe soda sence, vo Imajr approaches have been dominant in dein the parameter and Ponpetves for investigating contemporary cies and whan codon [6 the paca economy of ghbalzaton; and (the postenona focus oe Ssbalem agency. Both movkls bear a Marst pert and ate dn ‘verdetemined in ther prleging of expalsm asthe oly mechanism abd ‘ho erg athe nly ens to wan pres The pital econ ‘pproach construe the peat metropolis 4 ste a fant & the batdegound for remaking clseoip and ce secey. The ‘rscloial perpecive views cites uuide the Euro-American sion 5 Sting aimed vl by suler esstances to dierent modes of om ‘Buion. Whe thre are many exelent static tha iumiate wopect of tran change through he pian of lbalconfontatons between capitan Su democracy, the lager enon sem 9 be tat two universal ines ‘of gloaleaon- captain and pstaniiam ~ are each sort th 1 tied st of eeonomie eecs or pal outcomes fr shaping ob Spaces. By posing a sgular causality Global capital) of 2 mec ‘aegory of actor potolonial agen) sich uniter principles tend (© ‘view sila ciferet Stes as instanton fether angular economic ‘sysen or the sme pola form of globalvaion, By staying sted ‘Phenamens trough lena that undetande them ae Sgr moment in Uufied and integrated lobal proces, analy ose Sh of emplex wan Sltunons as parte engagements wih he bal, We ssl sent fr the comply ofthese paral engagement ater than subj the to “tonemiie or peal educa Ted, such coneptal bind sou alo eveok the unexpected cs ‘ot hit ski event and ees, As the 2008 economic cre quill reveal, the politcal economic acm on cy funeone ext acco foe the wcden economic colape of eres gal ie, or forthe rapid ise ff major Asan cer of global sgieane. Aeamule Being, and by proxy, China, hive ees a the polon capital of the word In oer Wome, ess the soaity of global market, emerging sans and tet Urea vasoly exert indueace on ihe tle ranking, nd febsevernent of parsule metals ‘Conceal architectures tat leave He oom fr enpical heterogensy sand changeablity are thus invested i «given global sams quo. Clans hou yanking and power, whether by wan ara and ety champ fn, ace pli satements tha ar incparabie rom the proce Of wan Skvelopment Ie same resonable to epee metropolan scolar to tet ‘enable whan achiewemens, and the pal metic at apply wo them, contingent measures subject pteatial challenges, whether is he reas of academic theoiing of the contests of itenity varies Nornave exes carat acount forthe Sane ways in which urban agony fut in emering tes or how the enty of tec local ors it che bal fone scully trasorms the whole quewon of what counts 3 pba ty tome digibeant wey "The conto inthis vole ten to bypass overarching principe of Poulson, and are all csve to the geoplicl shi andspectaaar ‘ie of cis throughout Aa, The ci is viewed not at an excuse ste of {apialnn o postcolonial acim, but a ile tat isin constant fra- “ian, drawing'on spat connections, and wbject othe ply f anal and lal forces. Authors purse, in more of les intensity, an analy of Sra pracie,trackng avai of project engage in sean i's forme dere, cr pertape Benite ey an awaseies of the encetnty of stan dams on dhe ute: We tht acs oto abe criteria fly ‘etieveent, but on the ongoing art of bring lab. We py eet an fray of een overiooked urban natives that compet for worl recognition In the mit of iver rivalry ae goiized cotingeny. Wile comtin ferrin the book ake ditremt aly angles here are some shared tlements dat for aed cE stan penorenn in bighly Ghmamac Greamstances and without the prdcteraning of oc otcomes "it, thre erphass onthe chy aa eld of intervention for sling an aay of problems associated with moder Mf and national inert Forinaane, pede whan inves ~ cy infestucure, investment, stnsble sandads, peal Ue, or aetheic valve ameng ote ~ ae varius prblematze a8 a sphere of acon is called inte question, and a st of 4 Aiea Ong Ailes are tnnaformed ako robles to which diverse solute are ‘ose Foweal 1984). Second, the metre end oe views mo 2 fixed cai but as a paticalar nevus of tuted and anenationa ean, Srtiutions attr, and prates that may’ be vastly draw together fr solving particular problems Inthe sit mm un ani of rte to an male of aerials way cose othe patos that rearslte ‘nd reatemble atl, hie and discursive cements nthe proce "enaking parca contexs (Colle and Ong 2005), Iflove tat modes finervetons a diferent scales, promicanily draw upon eat ae ‘objec, and Galler in mule sources tha ae fecontntvaled for ‘eslng urbaa preblems Tir, cisy ambiioes ar remained inflaton ‘© siting “rms and norms" Rabinow 191) of being gal. Deerent ‘Shapers noe tha stkng pet of Aan urban tunormations inal ‘vs eemingly unavoidable partir of iter comparison, relrencng, ‘or medeling Such dieurve and non-icusve acts are sptliing practices that “rive the ow of datnctve aun cnet gv the reson a Ducat fente of being onthe cusp of an uta revelation. Thee an tert ‘ons are viewed as werlng practices; that projets that erp to (sablsh o break exalihed heros of urban snare in and beyond 9 pvcala cy. WorlSaspring projects ate experiment in Ut ey pot fonh questions, inate: snd procedures in the mkt of ener out parantes about succes utcmes (Jaca 1908, Contemporary ‘experiments to remedy a uta station tat hae Both asd a pro Tema aging infatacture,umderwexinent,nglc ofthe un poor lac of itemationalprofie, ands on ~ draw on gal fr that are reeoniextulied in ce chy mavis, and them diapered so eter places ‘eckng sludons In such plabaing crcuntaets the near a 2 ‘aba form comes to arcitesned experiments whan at of ei lb ‘Many have viewed “the neaiberal” at a ret of market condone that seal back the sate, tin & more carl formulation, Neil Bresner ad [Nik Theodore 2002) have argued that thas tere ret vviabty f fcowraphie of “ucwally exising nevliberabum” Bt the neaiberal 4 loge of eptimization (Roe 198) refers not w a space or a form of ste, Tota set of maximiing ratoralitis that artes parce semblages af governing. The neoliberal a = nhietxhnology ca taken up Oy 9 tovernment or any eer sthutinn to reaps se non-sdcloal "ni non pola ses chat need techni soln fo mae tered ‘utcomes (Ong 2000 Asa lege of enrepreneuilion,nelibeal reason ‘hs even ifraced dori that have been and sre ideology cst observes and by practitioners, as relly antimartet, sch a8 NGOs, ‘woken organizations, and westhete/elurl production. Ie rcogniae Ini The tof Bang Global 5 turban movements as ongoing experiments o expand social power, we ‘honld ne be supe tthe apparently paradoxical inedependeace of Calelasve graces of poital enrepreneunalsn and the progressive language ofan neaiveralism" The para of pebbera eck ‘hus contributes to the Baseming of am urban tern of uoanicpated otros appropriations, and allancer tht ext eros lay elo, ‘sd national ier even at depen oa he connusl metrpretal five resedimentation of these boundaries. Even that appear to be foppored Wlesogial positon ave conte in clon to each key hey fre mutually imbrieated and alo Tnked though a set of semishaned ‘orm This would ake the judgment of ight” oF “wong” quite dtr ‘mental wo an analyeal pracice aimed st probing the angaciy aad Compesty ofthe phenomena in quesuon. By creanvening norma ‘eaogcl judgments on the “right” or “wrong” ide of power, we can amalyee a range of urban inate, large and small, a chey erage £0 ‘move forvard and alo expenence setbacks inthe ecvigues of urban Ganesan, ‘Siuating case in a region prevouly own athe third word” ne pay atenon to urban llr that expermest wih vison othe wal Slemasve t those where eis inthe Wen are take aan wnproblems “aed benchmark ofa eppucaly wetted urban ie. The cried a and vialty of wan projects in Adan cones, epecialy, are deabing ‘tabled entra of bal urban modertiy: The flowing cpt wl Iighlght dstntve pracices of wan modeling, itera, se he forming of new soldarties that ealectvely seem to rase an surAaan hhozon of metropolian and global aspitions. This would mean the fenstioa ofa ct of dasncve won ofthe global hae ext witout sential releence she West whi made romtimes concious Sven in procs of inter Aaanwelirerence tha spell he efrtive and ten emphate frmason a an ex Wester ba lee space. Current ‘nchodolgil thinking, however, has both overdtemaned tnd ied 3 ‘ee eapagenet wh cay exng cropland Singular Logics in Urban Change ‘idan geography his been dosnated by theories of plabakzaon that have {eatered on finding a universal law ~ sca paca, econo ae 0 on that characteris the current epoch, ether in a sigur for of load spit or in the pronouncement ofan epoch deed by a wine onion of paola. ‘Ths reliance oa ameworks that depend {obal generalization hax shaped metropolitan wes wo sch a ester that 6 Aa One Iris: Te Ar of ng lb 7 ‘empicalhetcrogenciy fax, and ncetinty tol oe soba wer rita ef exlanatory coon ‘One hegemonic proach view 4 die and aburact capital asthe ‘maser diver of gloalzaon, ab capitis operation roam the word, they busy detennive the ranking of big cies, sabdvide urban gece, and ‘hus paradoxical both dmante politcal authority and undermine the public sphere, Under the glebulizaton” rbsc, ces are largely Viewed 3s funetoning nodes in an integrated planetary capitalism, giving ie to {he iepresion tht great ces are more uncial integral to he woke Inge of gob capita than o that of thei oeeands Building om he wordy model Satin Sawen's concept of “bal cies” 2001 T1901) ~ puradigrstialy embosied in New York, Landon, and Tokyo ~ ‘Mendes the material process, acts, and aaseuctures tat these ‘rovde for the implementation of economic glbalration. At the iy teal, eapitaise mechanisms sbdheide the rest cy into a biearehy of Zones and labor eategonies according to their economic va. Sasens parndig isreined by Stephen Grau and Simon Maran 2001, 0 Seether erm plneriagasburi to charactesie the shattering ef ff tanmational inlratrucural networks om urban emironments and pla condos. This eeount depends onthe facta replication of the Seqmnenting eflet of Sassen economic globalization at everfne spat Seales just a8 tbe model of capitalist worlé-ystem split the planet io ‘ore and periphery region, lol ces and second-er ces,so capitalist ‘operations frig urban landscapes into precincts of value and finite Salue, high-tech and towtech, rch and poor ~ ito eiferentaed urban spaces tha a 3 datiolted agareate splinter the pe good inthe ence of the “corporate goad” (Graham and Marvin 2001" 33). Sach [tuys aim wo provide «generale resdeingof corporate machinations, {he avatars of captain cam glbaleaton, a they came shape ura functions, landcapes, and fortunes in the interests ofa global capitalist machinery The overall ees, however, it pt the variation in and particalarcy of un developement, a well ar metopaitan He, everywhere at he terry of s anneal force caledglobalzaion. The sumption tht there sage system of eapiat domination, and at of wife es ‘of regula cau ctor that can foment neal ential probleme and ‘spots in dilereat bal ites. An extension ofthe generalizable avs ‘tepals eusinats in Mike Davis characterisation of meas n the global South in is apocalypic "planes of slums” (Davis 2005). By piling on exveme satis of density, migrant Hows, and garbage produc Son, Davis angurs thatthe lack of indutization in the "Wied wold” ar speed gant shantynwns, cresting glbal conditions dat may lead toa pest speaval of urban proletarian. In is eoncepeaal cade, big cies in Aiea ome thir rapid growth to high concentrations of seeking poor and neve urban revoition emt a foregone conan Tat these alldeteining tore of gabazation are Rndamentlly Iteretedin the homogenizing elect of captain. This singular capa pocesforce presumed to atcount for engincering urban Sats and ate oughont the wo, Sich schemasc pepectne flo nich our undersading of pancuar tallenge and slaons on the ground. The pane-ofsumw appro, for fan, door nt menton that Ibadan (Nigeia) and Nairobi (Kenya) have Aten flies and. welledicted resdens, Forthermore, thera ‘emogeipic gow of ces inthe former "ind word” ruling in tore than the exploron of sharytowns We learn cat over dhe lst decade the works en fe growing ues af more than mlion people ae found Ingrester Asan region Four selected a China ~Guangahot, Cong Nanjing, and Wan ~ and, togeer with Dubai, have become centers of tarborsagedne-as growth (al Stra, 200, Th acer ‘sen poplin growth nay be abe to he infu of deposed rant and/or the rv ofthe mi lane as, fr example, in Mumba fice Atari Roy, Conlon, di volume) Varios in cass companion Iran that one cannot atbate wan expansion ta sng cally oF Tomogesiaed dcnoqsepic such a shell nor can oe characte the peat cy asthe paradigm tie of lol reoltionsry malade ‘Har and Neg 200 By he miecenuy, oer haf f the population ‘Ais wll be rbunzed. Pethaps the ove sue cla that en be made about the stnguviog cto he phenomenon ithe equally age eof thee ‘oa fens, andthe urgent need forall eo revere tis planet of pillton (Shannon May, he vlume, “Anvepoogits and iamansts working in cies have & move sue aly of chs itrrcasorhpe and practises, but the binary epposbons tf gealzatin Fameworks ae reproduced in couographie acount of ie Inthe cy. The cy the univer! or promied space of ctzenssp and ‘lca Huma rights remaine a resonant pote economic theme The cy of ces oe the Bare American ting te eno theca ‘ven fagenaion and the uneven dstebuton of wan preg and Tigh to ciecns an igen ale. Tren Caldera 2000) examiner Sto Paul a -cy of walls proniding ch ethograpicsocoet af tow he teh tereasingy buriade deme sgain the poor. In another sly, (Caldera aed Halen (2005) note that gran ia Beal rear ito he ‘es to lam cizenshp rights by staking out land and puting peau on Tuckpal govemmens to deve urban ci. Ina sir n,n ‘Appar (2002) idetSes frm of "deep democracy” in demands i ‘Mata san-elers fr bade nrartrctral serves, These aze ih ad ‘lab acount of pica sags, but so much of what progresste 8 Ain Or {theory has to sy about non-Wesem cir ives the presi dat eat land plies of ought reance are se only iieant urban chen ad {cities nthe deep wor Postcolonial theory ana pproach for sdyng cs aed vuban condos oui the Wea There the pick stggeon that ‘ute the Wes the Rest is inescapablyposteoloniah sharing the sme se ‘tlt tes omer clin, Poston theory to invented in ‘he Hea tat regulary in eal factors can inate early Weal responses in diferent emerging ste, such 1s cooptation ofthe etsy or reseance by the pled ad marginazes Ths, a aon Westom cies fre brought into retropolisa sues, the tendeney kas been to preach 3 spectrum of eontemporny phenomena in stades whose form and ances 2c overdternined by the lguses of colonial re "Many ins, wh sore jtiieaton, that ubarizationacros the develop lng world should be viewed throgh the Tea of divinetve histories and “putolnia experenees Postslonial cer mabe endesood thong erent path of moderation that have oss ata experences ad Dostcolbaal atonal) heron and tansormasons For intact olnialsrages were shadowed by what Benedict Anderson ale “he specter of compari” (15H, «Lind of prehsogal veto induced in ‘Xie eades by de lance tbe ald In order to etch vp wth te development bencmarts ad metopatan del esablshed by andi he ‘West Fora hor whe, new independent counties came to vew moderns architecture a universal opin for, aod sought: bald new capitals as lteralatione of madre of dona goverment sn democrat spations (Hteon 199). When comes to whan ses, the loge of patolnilslbaization can be divided ita two oenations One kod of posclonal formalaion ‘cophases urban fatuses and norms that reise colonial experiences bt fine since trameende she colonia. Under the rubric of Urban,” the contnaation of the colonial pt ito she presen aba ‘re an onder i empaded. Some note the hitrcally sd reganall Specie ban feature tat make Seucheat Aso cee a “aypleentay” {rego to Weer Global centers Balen, Pup, and Veo 200). There {Rabi tendon to the tos eatin of onl owe ad parla ans at calctvely eodow a special characte to those "shee (Pobal ces" outside advanced capa couneies(Marayar 2009). The proaches ofschlasbaed in Ada ce end therefore to empha te ‘hisnce wovled sce their if engageinents with colonia, ae the “ngaing proces of etching up moders or even cision menses ‘tmeopelian greames. [second approach, ii by polos chal, faeses on ving rimacy to the agency of soba groups ~ frites, racial, eh, burda The St of Bing Global 9 ‘as, and gevcr populations — tht have evn bjt by vase of “oli neoesona adept arcs, When comes hing seban transformations i Ted ince clniatisn, the emphasis has not been on Studying bow ees tempo “eatch up” avis the cave in Souths and aot Avan Stud, but ater hes faced om she peal ageney of peril category of ponclonial jects Poserlonial theory ths as {hoch about how contemporary urban sitatons have ben shaped by el Id legacies of juste aby contemporary problems of wba ‘eederdelopment "The generale cims of pessoal dheary have been applied to cater former ses of European anal, AbouMaig Snowe (208) famously celebrates the piraoal polis of Afican migans whe cenrsy agency shapes emergent conttions of everday Ie a the ce of SGaming erin inequalse, Such studs have. much to recommend themes in challenging the ban series of the global Nord by cupeating the datnevenes of poxolnial wn history, character, ad the authentic of mblern mje veo int and prodace the ver Sing lncespes of urban expernce. However, the conceal bin tfipostolonl Satis sero privge pool terse 20d gency Se pray diving fore in vay dileren bal ste hat ave beet {peal eamalormed, though heterogeneous process, colonial encounters, Sint poacleaal hors In infra, pols, and cakure. In et ‘notation af the ptolnil approach, Gaya Spivak (1993 employs a once of “wotig” that roan the recuperation of salem subjects, hue moving poston ana away From the rmphass on sale subj, pliral society, and rec pis. Nevrtiles, nivral eaptast td posesonial vans of eo Marsisw rey on ing lgicsof lal ings ewig beeen ele of apa spl ona eat fre prenuned to sccount or unforcondint in nage nen of es trot the worl, "Aric has become clear, we tbe the vane point of an Asan region ‘hat cannot be edced 16 the uaform expectations, logis and presen tio of structural Mansi or pontaonial theory. Collectively, os? ‘Shapers tend to be opes-nded rather than delimited. by seh poor, Inetopoita-patcelonilfamevorts, Urban envonmeats are aniated bye tarry of tramaaonal and lea eaieusone, actors abd practices that cannot be seatly mapped vt in advance ax being on The side of prover oc on the ide fesnnee, se posidons could be So unproblema Fy dense. Only by berating the ty a 4 conceptalcomaier ‘palin and sbalkers agency can cifeent analytical approaches exploge {neh frexpianing how an esban uation ca be tence heerogene= uly paricaar and yet inedacly global (Ong and Colier 2005, Any ope me hae to gasp the parca and warty of the great urban 0 Aloe Oe Inno The tof ag Goal 4 ‘eunsormaton demands stated acount of how urban cavionment re formed through specie cambisaiona of the past std the fate, the poscloial andthe mezopaltan, the gabal andthe situated, tnt not Afrinated by any single wechanges ee piacple Milieas of Intervention aeally, urban sues shoud be open tothe maipiy events ere ‘ions and far atin ways both chao and sei expe ad tunfreeen, ate in lay ine Taation of parca uranexsionmets [Aview ofthe cya se ofeperinentaon allow st integrate uae of iy, interact, and tersctvty that celine the poses within which we imagine, rea, ad eesperence wan conto nd the non ofthe rn oc Foucault coumel ws 10 conser the cy as a illes, or“ Sld of| inervenion” in which india, poplatons, std group put into cone Jmetion ofelements and evens that erate beyond he de el Foucak ‘207: 2) Spatidving practices, in the da seme ofthe gathering snd he ipersing of circulating ides, Toms, nd techmiqaes, ae conve of mening globalized spaces. Spang practices dhe form the ub 88 ploblemespace in which scat of cigaate act the wate, capita, NGOs, fora expen, and ondary poopie ~ deine what prema, nce, oe in need of melatio, and then go sbowe sakng thee noveientfied problems uch as urban planing, da pales and ban ‘apa The arg pont of ana thus not fw singular pple ‘detine a dy emironment, but rer the ray of problemi ‘patalngpractoes tha aren play shaping am a Sel Tn developing countries, major player in caning the urban envio ‘ment the ste. I seks fo rethink and semake the cotemperry word "athe Ut being Spy pause'y “igoslned” by it “Soveragey capil {es tenon,” ocak declarer (2007. 20, and tein emerging eons have been expecially active in drawing revource, methods sb capbiies tothe esas well as cculaing un and adalat interest oversea aval goverment fom Eas asd Southeast Asia tothe United [Amb Firat (UAH are olen itor: of mepwarban proeey dawing sovereign wealth funds forthe makeovers of lees mach ar Shanghai nd Beving or baling wally new Gtadels in a der landscape, an Dub ‘Through the renovation ef ie, new pica maps are drawn ‘Un planing taker places condone of uncer, ad bul forms do not neces witnd the ri of mathe arity. Dua ‘san overnight hyperty hat emerged ot ofthe confuence of pt 9/11 ‘patito of captal and Ara ele tothe Mie Es, and the pera boom that followed. But the Dubs bubble burst in dhe 2008-9 Gana ‘atacope, and he cy requ «general bailout frm ich Abu Dh fo get on feet agin, While Du wil suvive as the capital of amie tanking and as 2 Midd East eranportaon hub mud pleasure dame, ss saopelan Mit a a global basnew hub har been undermined by he Shing sands of voll capital ema. The bung ery i brah em {te as ben infrmed by 8 neaberal lege of united posites ae Fiskaating embodied in Dubus verigoindacing towers, The entrepreneur Jal quest to remike the ciy’s fortes drives the arelason of gebal Knowles, aco and alerts Thea ate variously needy cy fia, planner activin an chiens a they seek ose anew sce of gover ‘rently ated e global competion (Ong 2007, Poca! leaders vw ‘hae cy ats glbaled eld of eration, «national space of problem Soling Wat rees on methods both ieprenbly global and reoily Sate. Worlding Practices Mori & epi hee nxt sea ares to x wo iso loge ef “wo making” a ns reading of Macon git oad development (Mac td Engel 148, ut str ely the projec an preci ht aie ne he we i re fm A Mania ew of werliag fom above std cunermering Ss Sek elo comepottan ea of engage! Csi Weng ane rewoing were rca y Siva (1998) in er oneal ere SS recpemte ner spec tha renteng ofthe Hees Concept of “tng i he wert” Hark and Nog OW) prove ster Socal Marist vw of we wanfomnason igh rae Ct Canc. They chin tate mule» gobalySaeancae woke Inga collec rece through the contemporary waking fea Samar ming ne ors co conto Ean Har and Neg, Rob Wikon OM) propor thats vay of come™ seg ct nocing a am calenr the ioraliing rly and Metry of pnery eatin He ale the aggregate tho cs ‘Nerkng agin Engi" Such Mania cenceenties 0 wong, Chae le ne a wa) tf ages pales wernt ‘jc, mau}, and tae bel pain of woe loan ‘he cya sagen of tee speci ego hte score ae Conon colon nner rie, a ange coumernoing nor Set nae cpa Ege We do nt mate eur ewe by invoking suck singular ws of neible orn planctay sae. As astiropolgea fcason mirage hearing {Collier and Ong 2005) dives below high absracon to hover over Sua human projets and goals unfolding i myriad reumstances of posiblty and contingency, We say cow to heterogeneous practices of Moving that do not fll ly Into oppanite sides of cla, politcal ‘relia vies. Rather, nomideolagealSrmulaion of worn Stunted everyday paces Wenn ambidoun practices tat creatively Irmgine and dpe alternative soil tons and configurations ~ that rls" than what already exis n- given content Wording i hit enw t inked the iden of emergence, the can that global star {lon are aaye information. Worlding projets remap reationstps of power at diferent sales and locas, but they seem to form a etc Eu in uran centers; making cit both evil ses fa which to gui into wong projects walla the ongoing rel and errt tapes wordings. Ges Dake and Peli Gusta (1987 ave sugested tia. wkd ‘ot flows, socal formations eye fom he “ionic” connects that rowel veel Imegrntederrchies (3263) In thie seme, wording ‘care thowe berlin miroprocenes tat emp power by opening pew chanel oe ecngute new tcl univers In an eco of Faves ‘tion of be o soc eld 2007: 22), De nedoa ofthe produc of meget pues fy the fo of Mess, Stone, ad object a rad iparure Fom a conventional view ofthe word x sabi ino binary ‘Suen In area sgumen, Brno Tour 2005) oes that a oc 9 em formed hough" provionl movement of new asocinons" that ‘Seca a couinal Ghnge Se tpograpy. strapon om these thee ‘iy wording rte otto ge uni poli proces, butt dvse {paling prac hk and path diferent eomponcats hat go 0 ang emerge system The cy alvin, hing netort, sen storing proce re tov acter gabe some oui ements {nd eat ders bck io the werd ded the very act of maging o redesigning an urban ica ~ wether in changing materalinfagructre, polical posi, oF Tish solr by cefnion agitation, experimental and even pee {tne Dona Harsay (200) nes that cele experiment pen up fo Speciatve sds pone material ule, pracicl revving in coe ‘ete and tied tions 2-3) Thece mx of peaauve ton fhe speculate fact in wording ecrnes as practioner im to bd Sarnahing they beleve eo the beter. sens imporan reser that Sch cresie and contingent sive eat he cove of wan sanovation, fe hankering with spectrum furan iran and fa san am of tng etl heroce no suprising to observe that here i nosing or Hie seandard ot urn loli, hee are many forms of “e hbal” i ply. “Th very contested mitre of what counts as lab in a shitinginerseban Feld ot poner requires urban ana wo capture the redexve dimension in ‘any aPbaninkaies tht yo beyond local inprovanens eo acta, Fowever imply in bgp ae of winning sme kind f word eon tion Today, eben of Aan es lage and all Ie to ink of thi hometown ns having ome degree of bal aieance oF having tained tome level of “wark-han”sading Indeed, a we shal seein he chaps ‘Bar Elim major uban projets are fvarably caught wp in an fercy ompeiian over the "global” ature of amet Tarermore an hs emerging sin, te tendency no longer spy to tum to Westem prototypes, bat aero develop from homegrown slats to Asan mewopaitan challenges, tinct ran pats pala se, hd westhete forme Usb natives of al Kind are to experisents ith Imeropotan Iutar and they dra on digarate syle ats, and forms” ‘hat crete in and though Aan eetrpottan conten. Ins, wring pete ave conte, pang, and ining gests that Yancy jute up works feyond erent comin of urban Tig. They atc lite dparte cme from near and fa, and symbolically rena the ‘yin the wor By exchewing singular concep of welding, singe ad ff wba raking that tae for granted thc terme ina hough which ‘hes ean be ante ad unified way of achieving an sready given ture, tre open fp academe ingines inv » erty of urban acts engaged rhe mutation of contemporary urban ving. tn ueban AS, we ‘outer an art of Bing otal hat Svaraly caught up in plea fpne that allve,onecasive, compara, an contested, with cies ia {he region, bat alo beyond, Modeling, Inter-Referencing, New Solidaviies Drawing new rscarch prevented in the chapters, we deni tree ses ‘og bal ht, wie ot carve nA sem tobe itive pre tee sited with han development in the vein, Wore axpant {Ses vie with one another ito lee some mak om the world sage Deron anermpts to burash city images, shape ain, oF ish Ovough nwa uaa agendas cane fue im easy domaine nd sealer enovation. Beside mege-proectssippored by palin, panes, nd ‘ooster hee are loa vari of pela, curl and economic proj ose by aes migrant nd arts to improve the condiaon and {ndlag oftheir hometown sei others tot ave experienced as Being {bef compesison n che gune of urban ranking, Al 9 wheal, fee te sake of argenent and orguieson, shared aban rms and noms in Aan metropolitan tansftadon seem t0 fll ato ee dstncive “ Ata Ong sojes — modeling, inerselezencing, nd ssciation~ thst wll be sabes for dierent scons of is book. Moding In recent decade, the renovation of ces inthe nom Weve wets Sheu sae the cacao of ran mode ha have become exalted “Thee dered se desabl and achievable throughout the developing Vovld A number of Asan ees have come to stand as replicable mols of ‘rr frit hat oes nt Bd lt reterece in te Wes, Tete, Stapspore, Shanghai aed Hong Kong, Stead of New York, Landon, oF Part kav become cetera tobe nvoedevied, and elated as exemplary ties oa bem aan normatig. Tough the years the ger eons, ‘yates nth Singapore std Hong Kong le he way in wlving ub frclems = pb housing dows developmen, lean industries, wpe {ice carl and tour atracion ~ dat tansionned them ito \woelas cies. Furthermore, the eavason of tansational Uiks with Corporations, bok and cull sions made dem the cates of (Guba! nenorke Wile Hong Kong sees helt as “Ad's World City” Sctepore prevent oi the Knowedge hub ofa farfung “ellen” ‘sz ease (Ong 2005). “Spectral, the mix of sate eteprenerson onthe one hand, and the actopment of “sain” instar on te ther, has generated 9 ‘ge ra oven odd that promt succntal wban cond= Tim and engl, Urban innovations cha he "green i,” uid Tuning ital ete, upuale reidetal enclave and even wate vous management developed i Asan ees have become page ‘Sui ha canbe detached i the eriinry cy ad expat o oer sping cites “The Singapore rode” in acta st of more and ‘iain wan pling es eon to pie cy innovation projets ston ‘Asa ae beyond an te concpuzed at global schadlogy that tis hometown and adopted in ther ses. Ava condensed Set of dsabe and achievable arb foes, te “Singapore model” fas ‘een raed he mignon of planners and developer, and natalie Pal forme toughen Acs ad the developing word. The modeling Frocest sees ye watermark of arb apie on the one han oa proves attcrale Haepains for urban renovations on the athe. ‘Modding ides discret mater atic tat ace inpired by lat model of tba seirvemest io otber ees Modeling refer 0 ‘ral mba pj that have been bed "guren" sustain,” “ble? or swork-clne” that planners pe to reproduce elsewhere in bid to rebeand ther home ies. Intrusion: The Art of Beng Global 3 “The mse of baci plans or bul forms at ide does noe mean that nding i tl coy ofthe orginal, bt rater a patch ee 0 apr some spect, oF rece of that original The modeling wend th ries the qution of wether one ey can tly replicate a pata mode of sy nda] Zone, or Boatcal dit, of saab ini srucsre Aer all ap urban model exported by Singepre bas obs inserted ‘tron difreneseof material and plalcondtonselehere Furthermore, Jn Ai, citymodeing has complex policalipicaons that ipl beyond Ingeoved urban nracractre and eaby. The import of urban del ‘Gi indude i asteddncplinary ofl auch ae the invodacon of fy cing ee he eo of wing or i > fs tos now scheme. Urban modeling hur no aly techy for Tulting garden ces and knowdge hus elsewhere; tcan become a pot fal tol for changing the bull form and sol spit of nother urban Tr Par ofthis book, chapters explore how urban planing inthe form sf modetngtcinoogis come to deine tandarSacting fr and noms forties sping eo sve up om sme gob seal of wun achievement In the opening chapter, “Setgapore as Mode” Choa Beng Hust makes @ ‘hor for bow the stb planing taovatos of the cstate are package ‘1 msketing brand to be exported osereay as yet one more eatery of ‘lutnodies odes te deecoping wor. Chon nating chat whe the Singapore band hs comes gla technology, ts ompose tec ‘eal and symbols csr hat can be invoke of emated but eannot be realy be reproduced. Frequent, the Singapore model in ccation fine Shue asa sof aberact standard lr “relate opin projects or es Inemergng courses In hr chap, Liss Hofinan traces the nfuenc ofthe Singapore model in yrous ells to remake Dilan «northem Chines ey, no 3 center st gren ubanisn Urban modeling Hollman anges, cam allt dierent Uptetes of metropolian Iiving spd hae soa pane beyond the ty it Ti, Singapore at gud cy foe o nate a new gee fone intended change the goverance af both Daan and is rede (ing a dscoure of sasainabity, ciy planers respe city pals along ath ty mamers inorder to promote anew cir of urban Ke. Second. The pron tani” nproscents enable fiat postion Dal el Sa model cher Chinese ots by defining a pew “een” sendard foe ‘aaling cis thonghout the nation. Urban model i thas deployed 3 @ fol forremahing the an enrerment and eohaping soca, a wel as for making "sussinabliy” = new erterion fr ranking ce in gebeal Tor ew uptodate center in As the Singapore model af eorporae and ‘eset planing ses packaged deal fo aising the ype Maza long Geen on the sidelines sv ther Asan des played game of 16 Aiton Ong ntrvdnction: The Art of Being Global wv catevap in changing thei wan infsarucue and imsctment app {Gavin Shatin deseres the materal and socal anpecs of “planning pat “poli” in Mani, downtnwm projet tat in part modeled asa "Tithe Smgapore.” The development cmpasizes seated zoe, wit re Ste clement of "urban ecient ean attract new invents The brosder merce to Singapore les in te hope tat refurished don tom wih the "appropeate™ urban codons ean “nurere 2 desea ype crn bully rented wedge economy workers who can fom 3 freave and managerial cre fora proces of economic warsiormaton.” ‘War's being emulated goes beyond concrete, gas an sel urban mode lng ako invoves the mimiry ofthe mealiberl packs of strato [Gamoun lee and enteprenearalion Bat promis animate a ml thud meropt "These chiten reveal that the Siygapore brand arcultes diferent lens sacle of urban innovason, fom offering an achievable ‘andar of urban maksower and pomodon onthe ene har, shaping a fun cule of slEmanaging and slGenerpring bors om the other Frum Dalan to Manila aod beyond, modeling pracucer tend recat “eucnliy” in neoberal tema as ely goverment and developer varoaly deploy” and ok ecinies of green whan and urban enuepeneurabsn ‘Shannon Ay’ chape on “ecco urbanization’ examines erent ‘ind of adeing a ety protested in Soon Valley and imple mented in ror China. The bean of an iemational cnsrtm in ‘arterdp wk dhe Chinese goverment, the eco deli een Fret Vile orem China sr poten wtaion to Chin’ mas ‘veil problems a x dew of problems that ave been anoc- {ed with ral development and baizason. May pola out Ut a tban design om paper to deal ih runaway pollen in the meng Merk doesnot work ext sted nthe atl evn of estat (Gina. Because the eeocity model ignores social and ccmomc condions fon the ground, he acral change ress inthe (ited?) spo ‘Sion and ouinigratin of cal peasant ‘A ater sean, hawever, the cn may not be considered 3 “Bre,” 1 the prj enbanees American corporate toto overeat comras Sn the cowy provider nap for Being’ ean to be a sous play in environmental urbane, Bling aco in this case spear ob Ite sour sana than aboat two dierent but converges. plc ‘soa tht is ringing Cio peas wera made of lal eaonensl fEoerance on the one lady and allying, gba fears about Chin's ‘amo earboa faint on theo, Th caper hight he complex ‘oii! and eal element sounding the cura rarslation of urban ompaisn, 2 question to which next tn, Irs res recent decades, a variery factors have wught to transform tir ces by mcissing thei urban innovation agunt tone of more imprsive lotr in the emerging Asan rein Am iiom of referencing other es fan pshops be traced to the dawn of markt relorns ia China 1902, he lite Premier Deng Xiopng vised Shenae and called for the creation of few Hog Kenge” (tp Mangan alg the coast As “evelopment fewer” caught ir, tial sone span up around Guangibou, Sahai ‘nd Xiamen, ad Hong Kong and Taiwanese managers helped oshae the InGratrotoral apd capa uansforation of these rnin cies Ths Sin prove of aring fom ceased Chinese centers sparked = Genoa wherey *Sbetshen i Hong Kongizes, “Geangshow i Sheartenized, ad the whee county is Gran (Carer 30) 212) Wile this ganar Chinese dicouse of ari fom oe is, ‘Ne language of whan tanamion conn oelerence ies inthe Asan tiger economies, inclading Sings. Alan Pre (195) ha cerved tat the anicabton of dbcuive and nonucurave practices produces spaces Slopes and, one may a of emaen, Indeed, gears of er ‘efrecing are spatlang praices in tht by consanly comparing ad onrsting chs new kinds finery eelaomipe are forned This Iagely Chia-genersied Sl of mutable ces has beome adver of| ‘eae and busines vale and us a resonant dane the Anglophone Inter-Adan word of busines, mea, poplar culture, ban planning, ad schol recarch ee below), ‘Whie rian modeling i « conceteinsantason of acknowledging nether y's achivement interfere ees ove broad tpt feta, alsin, sprain, compara and compeiton. The pracice 1 ing nore sere ty” sel an tsa cxegry scent se Liban apintins snd sentient of tery stay a we standing a6 {lepimstion for pareslr enterprie at home In Ind, iter relerencing raters operate tt nd of elite dreaming at when Ider in Mamba onder wien i wil become the next Shaghal Prakash 2000). Engh ‘peaking pobicians fequnly woke Singapore and Shanghai in onier 10 sol der sel vate programs, usity poplar measures to ear ds hd uthervise dar pola resstaner fom local residents ee Ue chaps ‘is volume by Mienal Goldman, Ananya Roy, and Aber Oeste Ta Ea Ada, Shangha’' roe at Chin's preeminent financial center has Det Ad cw province Hong Kong, spring cy manager wo emphasize ‘Mamie banking sm onder to sal Dubai The cicular nate of intercity Cation fark peal of capri, Singapore planner Uy 1 acend ther own tai tenn aad gen niage by epeing a asian roe that hey flan os “not Whe Macio" but pertape more ike Kaw Vag Teough 18 Aihara Ong. eae Gr tt eg Chel 9 1 process of mule refrncing, wan acon are comeanty juglng Iherogenout ple canal norms of what cotta sees and fehienement ina worl of erasing ty sol Ie Asiaitersftencng pac are ths iesparale from and in fact cave of an emerging system for the judgment of urban ale “Through the favorable menton, alison and even endoneent of another fig, actor and lntadone poston thelr cw projet in a agua of apc coaparion and tanking, due weaoudy portipasog ia he ‘bolic values of part en The om of imtecrencing pis es relation to one anther, by invoking dsible Soon of “weld las” “nents ~ pce betel shopping mall, etertaiaeat and conventions facie, srmpbonies, opers owes ieternaonal enclaves, and aipors~ as ‘sibel of esate rb tbs, Not least, as booming caters of the ‘pansion ofa new mide cas, Aan ces have Begun to compere wih fone another to provide improved conditions of working 2d ting By Sreaking wibun Gesres and agpntone in emerging coir, cational Fics pu to crelaion a symbote nauage of lb slgican ‘ean se Cat has watled beyond Asia While secons in capital are sbnioly ot Bite to ian cies limes compare refresh nk between coon speculation ae ‘ban apron. Specaive dicoures draw tgeter the bing of inpresve urban srucures aad the imagnason of c's gol fae. ‘The consane allan to oer cies cnengas ells to asemble ides, forms and lanes in nde o "etch wth paceseting tr that nowt ‘ca tate te West, Auatrecerencing paccs drive peclaors on ‘lp fare residents and chiens are olen caught up ax wel ia Kind ‘diplinary intercity sly. By printing to another cy dat i abea, plnners and devopers can’ peruade people to accept potentally entroverial preject in the ame f the peter metropolian goo. World "Une fs 2 ppery tem hatte asebes and prime specations| Southern of one's tbeuopa, Dat itean ako ss the epi Sedresance anong some sos ofthe population. "The priest of urban compasion and contrast shapes the ier iy comciousnes, affecting the relledve eee knowedge of iens, et ‘ett, and migrants at they loeate and see dhemselves In and though parca ces, Ina tine of acnerating growth, residents are extemal ‘Beate the vkng ov fling fnsanes of thee own ity oF nation in reason tooth places Inthe If Koala Latur bra tha it hae the age ‘Shopping malin Ata, where reidente and tours can pretend they do tv tropical, reiented Mua environment. Mesawte, Hong King resides have ang to digi the city Som other Asian ‘hopping rece by cherhing old busing that embody i eecent past, {i apeceningnt harbor cy. Across Asa, lien, denizen, and eae ‘evaluate dierent cyscape, mingle in each oer ces and comparison ‘hop for consumer gonds, ideas and Hesles (Chua 2000) By visting, Tring, and working na vary f eran sper, cty-deles develop & sense and sowie of themlven 3x subjects of move ole ices ‘inn geographic Tn Parl, the chapters exlore how diferent modes of ieterciy rere. lng recy ale the pexeepins ambitions, ac projec of oiinary and ‘die uan sbjees. Helen Sv explores the vlncabses of midd-das Hong Kengers who experiences tee of provincaiatin in the broader content of Shangha’s ste as Cain's economic. The reaie elie ‘of Hong Kong nts Shanghai undermines Hong Kongers sense of cl furl gnicnce is ating global emironment While the Hong Kong flee have long been frou for ther con rder commercial ll carrer fondsons of lobalzed busines ae roving tobe harder to age. Sit lees itresting contrast in hat profesional from New Dei, come Ded to midelas Hong Kongers, seem more capable and flexble in tasking a ving in freign size euch ao Dua and Singapore. The Hoag Kong mide as, increasingly bypased by ding gob capital cect, isting ts aenton to resoraton projects that eam hr aban history Sea meranie emer a Au Uni the recent debe ry Dubs hd become a dreamy for milons of czes in Ala, Ae, the Middle Eat, and beyond. With it deek Arabownederistfzade, Dubai projects avon of meoptn mosey for ele Sou Asan grants seking ter frtnes overseas In he next thipter, Chad Haines tracer anew neat frida potest mn New Dali to Dubay, where there were ore late jobs than aa in India. Haines cl ther apratonal migration races a farm of nobel rebranding that depends on workng in what understood as a more (baled sy. Toe neniton beeen working uier the Brand Oubal fn being branded as worklcls profeorals produces 2 curl valiae th tack home in New Del Bat even before Dub's secnt financial tes, Hane fond cracks behind he fara of ead laren a Indian ‘ie-collar workers dicover lis and obeaces to an aflresie ile ato iobalctizenp inthe ci. ‘The next chapter denies ambiour cesar sources of onic urban forms and acon! dat create through the Aa Pai. Glen wry aod gene McCann fellow the transfer of corporate designs beeen Hong Kong, Vancouver, and Dubai ap analy how the dscoune and bung tf basness zones ink the eis coger In a pstem of utan-conporate Inereerendaly. As resents of Vancouver, however, te authors wish to Took beyood the fw of corporate urban forms dcaver other mais that nance eher earl Fr denied th te city, They iterpret Henry Tsang’ salon ar, planted in oe of Vancouver pac spas, 20 Ailsa Ong ‘asa aesthetic intervention tat dvs om indienne and migrant elas to dup te acing ote ey at ste ofeamean capi bat ‘The muds argue tht Ut eshte inerspen ofiteay eorporat prleien recovers & view of Vancouver an cote by am aerate orograply of tanpace carl Sowa che mi) ‘Adirsang he compl peri betwee ineelesencing and pcatve acto, Ailwa Ong explores dual pecs of “hyperbuling™ ~ bel as 3 {eculive ofoverboiding and at a particular pe of specacular moment in Tas Avan ees, A mesae of nerefecating ithe roe of he at in Finding or otering megpojers. The poteal exopion engender varie ‘eaed gneramenaty of dan space, creating como: for a Suergeic ‘eractom between spovuatve abies and specacolar spaces. Buin freny tae f wedding that lverage a eam Yea esate 0 ote ‘Sct capa accurastnn, boughs hyperbulding canals ead to an ‘Sie bubble: Ong next lols at Rem Koolhaas” paradigmatic “hyperbulé ing the COTY Headquarters in Boling ara ypenpace of Chine so regu, Whe the CCTV compen symbolizes China's media power in Ue {Gaal el i as alo become «symbol of ovebing in porograni Jokes wou the wt overading and the polite shadow teas on rr “ry people With the sift of tert penspaze wo China, wit are de onder inpleaon for a pope view that aa architecture wakes hens the modenst wpa? Now lent “The erseroning references and borrowing 19 dominant in Ba Asian ‘Shing are echoed i ty polis im Sow Asn. Alan sites ae no oly ‘acid plains fr experimenting wit aciectaral and soca ors, ut Sho the coment of evolving pole practoes hut sade deep as Svsions In ces were hese ree wea ademtageos pete Dubie partnerships and cro-

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