ODD14

C H A P T E R 14
Vector Analysis
Section 14.1 Vector Fields
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Section 14.2 Line Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path . . . . . . 190
Section 14.4 Greens Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Section 14.6 Surface Integrals
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Section 14.8 Stokess Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Review Exercises
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
C H A P T E R
Vector Analysis
Section 14.1
14
Vector Fields
Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises

1. All vectors are parallel to y-axis.
Matches (c)
3. All vectors point outward.

Matches (b)
5. Vectors are parallel to x-axis for

y n.
Matches (a)
9. Fx, y x i yj
7. Fx, y i j
11. Fx, y, z 3yj

F x2 y2 c
F 2
x2
y2
F 3 y c
c2
z
4
5
1
x
4
5
13. Fx, y 4x i yj
F
x2
c 216
16x2
y2
15. Fx, y, z i j k
c
17.
F 3
y
1
c2
2
z
1
y
2
4
1
1
4
4
1
2
x
178
21. f x, y 5x2 3xy 10y2
19.
23. f x, y, z z ye x
fxx, y 10x 3y
fxx, y, z 2x ye x
fyx, y 3x 20y
fyx, y, z e x
Fx, y 10x 3y i 3x 20y j
fz 1
Fx, y, z 2 x ye x i e x j k
2
Section 14.1
Vector Fields
179
25. gx, y, z xy lnx y

xy
xy
xy
gyx, y, z x lnx y
xy
gxx, y, z y lnx y
gzx, y, z 0
Gx, y, z
x xy y y lnx y i x xy y x lnx y j
27. Fx, y 12xyi 6x2 y j
29. Fx, y sin yi x cos yj
M 12xy and N 6x2 y have continuous first

partial derivatives.
M sin y and N x cos y have continuous first partial

derivatives.
N
M
F is conservative.
12x
x
y
N
M
cos y
F is conservative.
x
y
2
2x
33. M e2xy, N 2 e 2xy
y
y
31. M 15y3, N 5xy2

M
N
5y2
45y2 Not conservative
x
y
35. Fx, y 2xy i x2 j
N 2 y 2x 2xy M

e

Conservative
x
y3
y
39. Fx, y
37. Fx, y xe x y2yi x j

2
x
y
i 2
j
x2 y2
x y2
2xy 2x
y

2
2
2
2 xye x y 2xe x y 2x 3 ye x y
y
2xy

x
2
y x2 y2
x y22
2
x 2x
x
2 x2y
2
2
x e 2xe x y 2x 3 ye x y
x
2xy

y
2
x x 2 y 2
x y 22
Conservative
Conservative
Conservative
fxx, y 2xye x
fxx, y 2xy
fyx, y x 2e x
fyx, y x 2

2y
2y
f x, y e x y K
fxx, y
x
x2 y2
fyx, y
y
x2 y2
f x, y
1
lnx2 y2 K
2
f x, y x 2 y K

41. Fx, y e xcos y i sin y j
43. Fx, y, z x yz i y j z k, 1, 2, 1
x
e cos y e x sin y
y
x
e sin y e x sin y
x
45. Fx, y, z e x sin y i e x cos y j, 0, 0, 3

i
j
k

x
curl F
x
y
z 2e cos yk
e x sin y ex cos y 0
curl F 0, 0, 3 2k
curl F 1, 2, 1 2j k
Not conservative
curl F xyj xzk

x y z
xyz y z
180
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
47. Fx, y, z arctan
curl F
xy i lnx

x

y

z
1
lnx 2 y 2 1
2
x
arctan y

y2 j k
x
2x
x
xy2

k 2
k
2
y
1 xy2
x y2
49. Fx, y, z sinx y i sin y z j sinz xk

i
j
k

curl F
cos y z i cosz x j cosx y k
x
y
z
sinx y sin y z sinz x
51. Fx, y, z sin y i x cos y j k

i
j

curl F x
y
sin y x cos y

53. Fx, y, z e z y i xj xyk

i
j
k

curl F x y z 0
yez xe z xye z
k

z 2 cos yk 0
1
Not conservative
Conservative
fx x, y, z ye z
fy x, y, z xe z
fz x, y, z xye z
f x, y, z xye z K

55. Fx, y, z
1
x
i 2 j 2z 1k
y
y
i
j

curl F x y
1 x
y
y2
k

z
0
2z 1
1
y
fy x, y, z
x
y2
fz x, y, z 2z 1
f x, y, z
f x, y, z
f x, y, z

1
x
dx g y, z K1
y
y
x
x
dy hx, z K2
y2
y
2z 1 dz
z 2 z px, y K3
f x, y, z
Fx, y 6x 2 i xy 2 j
div Fx, y
Conservative
fx x, y, z
57.
x
z2 z K
y

6x 2
x y 2
x
y
12x 2xy
Section 14.1
59.
Fx, y, z sin x i cos y j z 2 k

div Fx, y, z
61.
Vector Fields

sin x
cos y
z2 cos x sin y 2z
x
y
z
Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k
63.
Fx, y, z e x sin y i e x cos y j
div Fx, y, z yz 1 1 yz 2
div Fx, y, z e x sin y e x sin y
div F1, 2, 1 4
div F0, 0, 3 0
65. See the definition, page 1008. Examples include velocity

fields, gravitational fields and magnetic fields.
67. See the definition on page 1014.
69. Fx, y, z i 2x j 3y k
Gx, y, z x i y j zk

i j
k
F G 1 2x 3y 2xz 3y 2 i z 3x y j y 2x 2k
x y z
i
j

curl F G
x
y
2xz 3y 2 3xy z
k

1 1 i 4x 2x j 3y 6yk 6xj 3yk
z
2
y 2x

71. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k

i

curl F
x
xyz
j

y
y
Gx, y, z xi y j zk

k
x y j xz k
z
z
i j
k
F G 1 2x 3y
x y z
j
k

z j yk
y z
xy xz
i

curlcurl F
x
0
73. Fx, y, z i 2x j 3yk
2xz 3y 2 i z 3x y j y 2x 2k

divF G 2z 3x
75. Fx, y, z xyz i y j zk

i

curl F x
xyz
j

y
y
k

z xyj xzk
z
divcurl F x x 0
77. Let F M i N j Pk and G Q i R j S k where M, N, P, Q, R, and S have continuous partial derivatives.
F G M Q i N R j P Sk
i

curlF G
x
MQ
j

y
NR
k

z
PS

P S N R i
P S M Q j
N R M Q k

y
z
x
z
x
y
N
P M
N M
S R
S Q
R Q

i
j

k i
j
k
P
y
z
x
z
x
y
y
z
x
z
x
y
curl F curl G
181
182
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
79. Let F M i Nj P k and G R i Sj T k.

divF G

M R N S P T

M R N S P T
x
y
z
x
x
y
y
z
z
M
N
P
R
S
div F div G
81. F M i N j Pk

f F curl f F
curl f curl F
(Exercise 77)
curl F
(Exercise 78)
F
83. Let F M i Nj Pk, then f F f M i f Nj f Pk.
div f F

M
f
N
f
P
f
f M f N fP f
M f
N f
P
x
y
z
x
x
y
y
z
z
f
N N
f
f
f

M N P
M
x
y
z x
y
z
f div F f
F
In Exercises 85 and 87, Fx, y, z xi yj zk and f x, y, z Fx, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2.
85.
1
lnx 2 y 2 z 2
2
x
y
z
xi yj z k
F
i 2
j 2
k 2
2
ln f 2
x y2 z2
x y2 z2
x y2 z2
x y2 z2
f
ln f
87. f n x 2 y 2 z 2
f n nx 2 y 2 z 2
n1
n x 2 y 2 z 2 n1
i nx 2 y 2 z 2
n1
x 2 y 2 z 2
z
x 2 y 2 z 2
T
x y z x y z
y
x 2 y 2 z 2
nx 2 y 2 z 2 n2x i yj z k n f n2 F

89. The winds are stronger over Phoenix. Although the winds over both cities are northeasterly,
they are more towards the east over Atlanta.
Section 14.2
Section 14.2
Line Integrals
t i,
0 t
3i t 3 j, 3 t
3. rt
9 t i 3j, 6 t
12 t j,
9 t
x2 y2 9
1.
Line Integrals
x2 y2
1
9
9
3
6
9
12
cos2 t sin2 t 1
cos2 t
x2
9
sin2 t
y2
9
x 3 cos t
y 3 sin t
rt 3 cos t i 3 sin t j
0 t 2
5. r t
t2i tit j, 2 tj,
0 t 1
1 t 2
7. r t 4 t i 3tj, 0 t 2; rt 4 i 3j
x y ds
5t dt
9. rt sin t i cos t j 8t k, 0 t
4t 3t42 32 dt

2
x 2 y 2 z 2 ds
2 2
0

; rt cos t i sin t j 8k
2
sin2 t cos2 t 64t 2cos t2 sin t2 64 dt
2
651 64t 2 dt 65 t
11. rt t i, 0 t 3
x 2 y 2 ds
64t 3
3

t 2 02 1 0 dt
2 83
3
65
t 2 dt
x
1
3 t
1

2
9
13. rt cos t i sin t j, 0 t
x 2 y 2 ds
65
2
10
5t2

2
cos 2 t sin2 t sin t2 cos t2 dt
2
dt

2
x
1
3 16 2
183
184
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
15. rt t i t j, 0 t 1

C

1
x 4y ds
t 4t 1 1 dt

2 3 t
t2
2
3 2
(1, 1)
192
6
x
1
t i,
0 t 1
17. rt 2 t i t 1 j, 1 t 2
3 t j,
2 t 3

C1
C2
x 4y ds
x 4y ds

1
C3
x 4y ds
t2 8
t 13 2
2
3
2
1
C2
C3
2 t 4t 1 1 1 dt
2 2t

(0, 1)
1
2
t dt
C1
(1, 0)
192
6
8
43 t dt 3 t3 2
3
3
2
8
3
1 192 8 19 192 191 2

x 4y ds
2
6
3
6
6
1
19. x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
2
rt 3 cos t i 3 sin tj 2t k, 0 t 4
rt 3 sin t i 3 cos t j 2k
rt 3 sin t2 3 cos t2 22 13
Mass
x, y, z ds
4
1
3 cos t2 3 sin t2 2t2 13 dt
2

13
4
9 4t 2 dt
13
4
9t 4t3
3
213
27 64 2 4973.8
3
23. Fx, y 3x i 4yi
21. Fx, y xyi yj

C: rt 4t i tj, 0 t 1
C: rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 t
Ft 4t 2 i t j
Ft 6 cos t i 8 sin t j
rt 4i j
F dr

2
rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j
16t 2 t dt
16 3 1 2
t t
3
2
1
0
35
6
F dr
2
12 sin t cos t 16 sin t cos t dt
2
2 sin2 t
2
Section 14.2
25. Fx, y, z x 2 yi x zj x yzk
Line Integrals
27. Fx, y, z x 2 z i 6yj yz 2 k
C: rt t i t 2 j 2k, 0 t 1
rt t i t 2 j ln t k, 1 t 3
Ft t 4 i t 2j 2 t 3 k
Ft t 2 ln t i 6t 2 j t 2 ln 2 tk
r t i 2 t j
1
d r i 2 t j k dt
t
F dr
2t t 2 dt
t4
t5 2t3
5
2t 2

185
17
15
F dr
t 2 ln t 12t 3 t ln t2 dt
249.49
29. Fx, y x i 2y j
C: y x3 from 0, 0 to 2, 8
rt t i t 3 j, 0 t 2
rt i 3t 2 j
Ft t i 2t 3 j
F r t 6t 5
Work
F dr
1
t 6t 5 dt t 2 t 6
2
2
0
66
31. Fx, y 2xi yj

C: counterclockwise around the triangle whose vertices are 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1
t i,
0 t 1
1 t 2
rt i t 1 j,
3 t i 3 t j, 2 t 3
On C1:
Ft 2t i, rt i
Work
C1
On C2:
2t dt 1
Ft 2 i t 1 j, rt j
Work
C2
On C3:
dr
F dr
t 1 dt
Ft 23 t i 3 t j, rt i j

Work
Total work
C3
F dr
F dr 1
2 3 t 3 t dt
C: rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j t k, 0 t 2

rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j k
Ft 2 cos t i 2 sin t j 5tk
F r 5t
F dr
2
3
2
1 3
0
2 2
33. Fx, y, z x i yj 5zk
Work
1
2
5t dt 10 2
35. rt 3 sin t i 3 cos t j
10
t k, 0 t 2
2
F 150k
dr 3 cos t i 3 sin t j
F dr
2
10
k dt
2
2
1500
1500
dt
t
2
2
1500 ft
lb
186
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
37. Fx, y x2 i xyj

r1t 2t i t 1 j, 1 t 3
(a)
r2t 23 t i 2 t j, 0 t 2
(b)
r1t 2 i j
r2t 2i j
Ft 4t i 2tt 1 j
2
C1
F dr
8t 2 2tt 1 dt
236
3
Ft 43 t2 i 23 t2 t j

F dr
C2
Both paths join 2, 0 and 6, 2. The integrals are negatives
of each other because the orientations are different.
236
3
rt i 2 t j
Ft 2 t i t j
Ft t 3 2t 2 i t
F r 2t 2t 0
F dr 0.
F dr 0.
y
43. x 2t, y 10t, 0 t 1 y 5x or x , 0 y 10
5
10
x 3y 2 d y
5y 3y dy 10y y
10
1010
y
1
45. x 2t, y 10t, 0 t 1 x , 0 y 10, dx dy
5
5
10
xy dx y dy
y2
y3
y2
y dy

25
75
2
10
0
190
OR
3
y 5x, d y 5 dx, 0 x 2
xy dx y dy
5x 2 25x dx
5x3
25x 2
2
2
0
190
3
y
47. rt t i, 0 t 5
3
xt t, yt 0
dx dt,
dy 0
2x y dx x 3y d y
2
1
2t dt 25
1
1
2
t2
j
2
F r t 3 2t 2 2t t
Thus,
y
j
2
C: rt t i t 2 j
rt i 2 j
83 t2 23 t2 t dt
41. Fx, y x 3 2x 2 i x
C: rt t i 2 t j

39. Fx, y yi x j
Thus,
t2
0
2
Section 14.2
t3ii, t 3j,
49. rt
Line Integrals
0 t 3
3 t 6
xt t, yt 0,
C1:
dx dt, dy 0
2t dt 9
3 3t 3 dt
2x y dx x 3y dy
C1
C2: xt 3, yt t 3

dx 0, dy dt

2x y dx x 3y dy
C2
2x y dx x 3y dy 9
2
3t 2
6t
45
2
45 63

2
2
(3, 3)
3
C2
1
C1
x
1
51. xt t, yt 1 t2, 0 t 1, dx dt, dy 2t dt
2x y dx x 3y dy

2 t 1 t 2 t 3 3t 22t dt
6t 3 t 2 4t 1 dt
3t2
t3
2t 2 t
3

11
6
53. xt t, yt 2t 2, 0 t 2

dx dt, dy 4t dt
2x y dx x 3y dy

2t 2t 2 dt t 6t 2 4t dt
55. f x, y h
2
24t 3 2t 2 2t dt 6t 4 t 3 t 2
3
r 3t i 4t j, 0 t 1
316
3
rt cos t i sin t j, 0 t

rt sin t i cos t j
rt 5
rt 1
Lateral surface area:
C: x 2 y 2 1 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
rt 3i 4j
f x, y ds
57. f x, y xy
C: line from 0, 0 to 3, 4
5h dt 5h
f x, y ds
2
cos t sin t dt
2
sin2 t
2
1
2

2
187
188
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
59. f x, y h
C: y 1 x 2 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
rt 1 t i 1 1 t2 j, 0 t 1
rt i 21 tj
rt 1 41 t 2
f x, y ds
h1 4 1 t2 dt

h
21 t1 41 t2 ln 21 t 1 41 t2
4
0
1
h
25 ln 2 5 1.4789h
4
61. f x, y xy
C: y 1 x 2 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
You could parameterize the curve C as in Exercises 59 and 60. Alternatively, let x cos t, then:
y 1 cos2 t sin2 t
rt cos t i sin2 t j, 0 t
2
rt sin t i 2 sin t cos t j
rt sin2 t 4 sin2 t cos2 t sin t1 4 cos2 t
f x, y ds
2
cos t sin2 t sin t1 4 cos2 t dt
2
sin2 t 1 4 cos2 t1 2 sin t cos t dt
1
Let u sin2 t and dv 1 4 cos2 t1 2 sin t cos t, then du 2 sin t cos t dt and v 12 1 4 cos2 t3 2.
2
2
1
1
sin2 t 1 4 cos2 t 3 2
1 4 cos2 t5 2
12
120
1
1
1
1

55 2

255 11 0.3742
12 120
120
120

1
sin2 t1 4 cos2 t3 2
12
f x, y ds
1
6
1 4 cos2 t3 2 sin t cos t dt
2
63. (a) f x, y 1 y 2
(c)
rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 t 2
5
4
rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

rt 2
S
f x, y ds
2
1 4 sin2 t2 dt
(b) 0.212
2
2t 4t sin t cos t
12
7.54 cm3
5
12 37.70 cm2
3
x
Section 14.2
65. S 25
Line Integrals
z
60
Matches b
50
40
30
20
10
3
3
x
67. (a) Graph of: rt 3 cos t i 3 sin t j 1 sin2 2t k 0 t 2

z
2
1
3
4
(b) Consider the portion of the surface in the first quadrant. The curve z 1 sin2 2t is over the curve r1t 3 cos t i
3 sin t j, 0 t 2. Hence, the total lateral surface area is
4
f x, y ds 4
2
1 sin2 2t3 d t 12
34 9 sq. cm
(c) The cross sections parallel to the xz-plane are rectangles of height 1 4 y 321 y 2 9 and base 29 y 2. Hence,
Volume 2
29 y 2 1 4
y2
y2
1
9
9
dy 42.412 cm
69. See the definition of Line Integral, page 1020.

See Theorem 14.4.
71. The greater the height of the

surface over the curve, the greater the lateral surface area.
Hence,
z 3 < z1 < z 2 < z 4 .
y
4
3
2
1
x
1
73. False
75. False, the orientations are different.
xy ds 2
t 2 dt
189
190
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
Section 14.3
Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path
1. Fx, y x 2 i xy j
(b) r2 sin i sin2 j, 0
(a) r1t t i t 2 j, 0 t 1
r1t i 2t j
r2 cos i 2 sin cos j
Ft t 2 i t 3 j
F dr

2
Ft sin2 i sin3 j
t 2 2t 4 dt
11
15
2
F dr
sin2 cos 2 sin4 cos d
2
sin3 2 sin5
3
11
15
3. F x, y y i x j
(a) r1 sec i tan j, 0

3
r1 sec tan i sec2 j

F tan i sec j
F dr
3

sec tan2 sec3 d
3
sec d ln sec tan
F dr

3

2 t 1

1
2
t 1
2 t
N
e x cos y
x
dt 12
ln 2 3 1.317
1
1
dt
2
t t 1
1
1
dt ln
2
t 12 2 14

M
e x cos y
y
N M

, F is conservative.
x
y
9. Fx, y, z y 2 z i 2xyz j xy 2 k
curl F 0 F is conservative.
t 21
t
7. Fx, y
N
1
2
x
y
Since
1
t 2 t 14 14
t

12 ln 7 4 3 1.317
1
7
1
ln 2 3 ln
2
2
2
5. Fx, y e x sin yi ex cos yj
Since
3
0
1
1
i
j
2 t 1
2 t
Ft t i t 1 j
sec sec2 1 sec3 d
0 t 3
(b) r2t t 1 i t j,
3
r2t
3
0
1
x
i 2j
y
y
1
M
2
y
y
N M
, F is not conservative.
x
y
dt
Section 14.3
Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path
191
11. Fx, y 2xyi x 2 j

(a) r1t t i t 2 j, 0 t 1
(b) r2t t i t 3 j, 0 t 1
r1t i 2t j
r2 t i 3t 2 j
Ft 2t 3 i t 2 j
Ft 2t 4 i t 2 j
F dr
4t 3 dt 1
F dr
5t 4 dt 1
13. Fx, y yi xj
(a) r1t t i t j,
0 t 1
(c) r3t t i t 3 j,
r2 t i 2t j
r3t i
Ft t i t j
Ft t 2 i t j
Ft t 3 i t j
(b) r2t t i t 2 j,
r1t i j

15.
0 t 1
F dr 0
F dr
t 2 dt
1
3
F dr
0 t 1
3t 2 j
2t 3 dt
1
2
y 2 dx 2 xy dy
Since M y N x 2y, Fx, y y 2 i 2xy j is conservative. The potential function is f x, y xy 2 k. Therefore, we
can use the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals.
(a)
4, 4

y 2 dx 2xy dy x 2 y
0, 0
64
(c) and (d) Since C is a closed curve,
(b)
1, 0

y 2 dx 2xy dy x 2 y
1, 0
0
y 2 dx 2xy dy 0.
17.
2x y dx x 2 y 2 dy
19. Fx, y, z yz i xz j xyk
Since curl F 0, Fx, y, z is conservative. The potential

function is f x, y, z xyz k.
Since M y N x 2x,
Fx, y 2xyi x 2 y 2 j is conservative.
The potential function is f x, y x2y
(a)

(b)
y3
3
2x y dx x 2 y 2 dy x 2 y
0, 4
y3
3
2x y dx x 2 y 2 dy x 2 y
5, 0
0, 4
2, 0
21. Fx, y, z 2y x i x2 z j 2y 4zk

Fx, y, z is not conservative.
(a) r1t t i t 2 j k, 0 t 1
r1t i 2t j
Ft 2t 2 t i t 2 1 j 2t 2 4k
F dr
CONTINUED
(a) r1t t i 2j tk, 0 t 4
y3
k.
3
2t 3 2t 2 t dt
2
3
64
3
64
3
4, 2, 4

F d r xyz
0, 2, 0
32
(b) r 2t t 2 i t j t 2 k, 0 t 2
4, 2, 4

F dr xyz
(0, 0, 0
32
192
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
21. CONTINUED
(b) r2t t i t j 2t 12 k, 0 t 1
r2t i j 4 2t 1k
Ft 3t i t 2 2t 12 j 2t 4 2t 1 2 k

F dr
3t t 2 2t 12 8t 2t 1 162t 13 dt
0
1
17t3
17t 2 5t 2t 12 162t 13 dt
23. Fx, y, z e z y i x j x y k
25.
Fx, y, z is conservative. The potential function is

f x, y, z xye z k.
5t 2 2t 1 3

22t 14
2
6
3, 8

yi x j dr xy
0, 0
24
(a) r1t 4 cos t i 4 sin tj 3k, 0 t
4, 0, 3

F dr xye z
4, 0, 3
0
(b) r2t 4 8t i 3k, 0 t 1
27.
4, 0, 3

F dr xye z
4, 0, 3
0
cos x sin y dx sin x cos y dy sin x sin y
e x sin y dx e x cos y dy e x sin y
y 2z dx x 3z dy 2x 3y dz
29.
31.
32, 2
2, 0
0, 0
0,
1
0
Fx, y, z is conservative and the potential function is f x, y, z xy 3yz 2xz.

1, 1, 1
(a)
xy 3yz 2xz
(b)
xy 3yz 2xz
(c)
xy 3yz 2xz
0, 0, 0
0, 0, 1
0, 0, 0
1, 0, 0
33.
0, 0, 0
000
xy 3yz 2xz
5, 9
0, 0
30,366
1, 1, 0
1, 0, 0
0, 0, 0
35. Fx, y 9x 2 y 2 i 6x 3 y 1 j is conservative.

Work 3x 3 y 2 y
0, 0, 1
2, 3, 4
sin x dx z dy y dz cos x yz
1, 1, 1
xy 3yz 2xz
000
12 1 11
1, 1, 1
xy 3yz 2xz
1, 1, 0
0 1 1 0
1
0
17
6
Section 14.4
Greens Theorem
193
37. rt 2 cos 2 t i 2 sin 2 t j

rt 4 sin 2 t i 4 cos 2 t j
at 8 2 cos 2 t i 8 2 sin 2 t j
Ft m
W
a t 32 at
F dr
2
cos 2 t i sin 2 t j
4
2
cos 2 t i sin 2 t j 4sin 2 t i cos 2 t j dt 3
4
0 dt 0
39. Since the sum of the potential and kinetic energies remains constant from point to point, if the kinetic energy is decreasing at a
rate of 10 units per minute, then the potential energy is increasing at a rate of 10 units per minute.
41. No. The force field is conservative.
43. See Theorem 14.5, page 1033.
45. (a) The direct path along the line segment joining 4, 0 to 3, 4 requires less work than the path going from
4, 0 to 4, 4 and then to 3, 4.
(b) The closed curve given by the line segments joining 4, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, and 4, 0 satisfies
47. False, it would be true if F were conservative.
F dr 0.
49. True
51. Let
F Mi Nj
Then
f
f
i j.
y
x
M
2f
f

2
y
y y
y

and
f
2f

N

2. Since
x
x
x
x
2f
2f
M N

0 we have

.
x 2 y 2
y
x
Thus, F is conservative. Therefore, by Theorem 14.7, we have

C
f
f
dx
dy
y
x
M dx N dy
F dr 0
for every closed curve in the plane.
Section 14.4
Greens Theorem
0 t 4
4 t 8
8 t 12
12 t 16
t i,
4 i t 4 j,
1. r t
12 t i 4j,
16 t j,
y dx x dy
2
(4, 4)
4
3
0 dt t 0
2
t 4 0 16 dt

2
12
16dt 12 t20
16 t20 0dt
12
0 64 64 0 0

16
By Greens Theorem,
N M

dA
x
y

4
2x 2y dy dx
8x 16 dx 0.
194
Chapter 14
3. rt
Vector Analysis

4
y 2 dx x 2 dy
By Greens Theorem,

R
0 t 4
4 t 8
t i t 2
4 j,
8 t i 8 t j,
N M
dA

x
y

t4
t
dt t 2 dt
16
2
t4
t3
dt

16
2

4
8 t2dt 8 t2dt
C2
28 t2 dt
224 128 32

5
3
15
C1
x
1

4
2x 2y dy dx
x 2
4
(4, 4)
x3
32
x4
dx .

2
16
15
x2
5. C: x 2 y 2 4
Let x 2 cos t and y 2 sin t, 0 t 2.

xey dx e x dy
2
2 cos te2 sin t 2 sin t e2 cos t 2 cos t dt 19.99
N M

dA
x
y
In Exercises 7 and 9,
7.

4x 2
2 4x 2
ex xey dy dx
2
2 4 x
N M

1.
x
y

2
y x dx 2x y dy
dy dx
(2, 2)
x2 x
y=x
2x x 2 dx
y = x2 x
4
3
x
1
9. From the accompanying figure, we see that R is the shaded region. Thus, Greens
Theorem yields
y x dx 2x y dy
( 5, 3)
1 dA
( 1, 1)
Area of R
( 1, 1)
(5, 3)
(1, 1)
x
11. Since the curves y 0 and y 4 x 2 intersect at 2, 0 and 2, 0, Greens Theorem yields
2xy dx x y dy

2
1 2x d A
4x2
2 0
1 2x dy dx
2
4x2
y 2xy
dx
( 5, 3) 4
56.
4
2
610 22
e x xe 4x xe 4x dx 19.99
2
4 8x x 2 2x3 dx
4x 4x 2
x3 x4

3
2
8 8
32
16 .
3 3
3
2
2
(1, 1)
(5, 3)
Section 14.4
Greens Theorem
13. Since R is the interior of the circle x 2 y 2 a 2, Greens Theorem yields

x 2 y 2 dx 2xy dy
2y 2y dA
a2 x 2
15. Since
a a2 x 2
4y dy dx 4
a
0 dx 0.
2x
N
M
2

,
y
x y2
x
we have path independence and

R
N M

dA 0.
x
y
17. By Greens Theorem,
sin x cos y dx xy cos x sin y dy

1
19. By Greens Theorem,
y sin x sin y sin x sin y dA
xy dx x y dy

y dy dx
x x 2 dx
1 x 2 x3

2 2
3
1
0
1
.
12
1 x dA
1
2
2
1 r cos
r dr d

2
4 263 cos
d
8.
21. Fx, y xy i x y j
C: x 2 y 2 4
Work
xy dx x y dy
1 x dA

2
1 r cos
r dr d

2
2 38 cos
d
4
23. Fx, y x 3
2 3y i 6x 5 y j
C: boundary of the triangle with vertices 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5
Work
x 3
2 3y dx 6x 5 y dy

R
9 dA 9 12 55 225
2
25. C: let x a cos t, y a sin t, 0 t 2. By Theorem 14.9, we have

A
1
2
x dy y dx
1
2
2
a cos t a cos t a sin t a sin t dt
1
2
2
a 2 dt
2
a2 t
2
a 2.
195
196
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
27. From the accompanying figure we see that
C1: y 2x 1, dy 2 dx
C2: y 4
(1, 3)
2
dy 2x dx.
x 2,
Thus, by Theorem 14.9, we have

1
2
A
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1 dx
3
1 dx
1
2
1
2

3
3
1
2
x2 2x 1 dx
( 3, 5)
x2x 4 x 2 dx
4
6
x 2 4 dx
1
1
3
x 2 4 dx
1
2
3
3 x 2 dx
1
x3
3x
2
3
1
3
32
.
3
31. Answers will vary.

F1x, y yi xj
F2x, y x2 i y2 j
F3x, y 2xyi x2 j
33. A
x
1
2A
4 x 2 dx 4x
2
1
2A
x 2 dy
C1
x3
3
2
2
32
3
y = 4 x2
3
x 2 dy
2
C2
For C1, dy 2x dx and for C2, dy 0. Thus,

1
232
3
x
2
x 22x dx
2
643 2
x4
C1
0.
C2 1
To calculate y, note that y 0 along C2. Thus,

1
232
3
y
2
4 x 22 dx
3
64
2
16 8x 2 x 4 dx
3
8x 3 x 5
16x

64
3
5
2
2
8
.
5
85
x, y 0,
35. Since A
x x 3 dx
y x, dy dx. Thus,
x2

x 2 dy 2
y 2

1
1
, we have
2. On C1 we have y x 3, dy 3x 2 dx and on C2 we have
4
2A
x2 dx
6 2
8

5 3 15
158 , 218
(1, 1)
C2
x 6 dx 2
C1
y 2 dx
x, y
x 2 dx
2
4 1
C2
x 4 dx 2
x 23x 2 dx 2
C1
6

x2 x4
8
2 2
x 2 dx .
7 3 21
Section 14.4
37. A
1
2

2
197
a21 cos
2 d
2
a2
2
1 2 cos
21 cos22
d
a2 32
2 sin
41 sin 2

2
39. In this case the inner loop has domain
41. I
Greens Theorem
A
1
2
1
2

4
3
2
3
4
3
2
3
2
0
a2
3a2
3
2
2
4
2

. Thus,
3
3
1 4 cos
4 cos2
d
3 4 cos
2 cos 2
d

1
3
4 sin
sin 2
4
3
2
3

3 3
.
2
y dx x dy
x2 y2
C
(a) Let F
x
y
i 2
j.
x2 y2
x y2
x2 y2
N M

2
.
x
y
x y 2 2
F is conservative since
F is defined and has continuous first partials everywhere except at the origin. If C is a circle (a closed path) that does
not contain the origin, then
F dr
M dx N dy

R
N M

dA 0.
x
y
(b) Let r a cos t i a sin t j, 0 t 2 be a circle C1 oriented clockwise inside C (see figure). Introduce line segments
C2 and C3 as illustrated in Example 6 of this section in the text. For the region inside C and outside C1, Greens Theorem
applies. Note that since C2 and C3 have opposite orientations, the line integrals over them cancel. Thus,
C4 C1 C2 C C3 and
F dr
C4
But,
F dr
C1

Finally,
F dr
C1

2
2
F dr 0.
t
a cos ta cos t

dt
aacossinttaa sin
sin t
a cos t a sin t
2
F dr
2
sin2 t cos2 t dt t
2.
F dr 2.
C1
Note: If C were orientated clockwise, then the answer would have been 2.
y
3
C1
C2
x
4
C3
2
3
43. Pentagon: 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1
1
19
A 2 0 0 4 0 12 2 1 4 0 0 2
198
45.
Chapter 14
y n dx x n dy
Vector Analysis

R
N M

dA
x
y
2a
y = a2 x2
For the line integral, use the two paths

C1: r1 x
x i, a x a
C2
C2: r2 x
x i a 2 x 2 j, x a to x a

C1
y n dx x n dy 0
C1
y n dx x n dy
a
C2
N M

dA
x
y
a
a2 x 2
x 2
n2 x n
a 0
x
a 2 x 2
dx
nx n1 nyn1 dy dx
(a) For n 1, 3, 5, 7, both integrals give 0.

(b) For n even, you obtain
n 2 : 43 a 3
5
n 4 : 16
15 a
7
n 6 : 32
35 a
256
n 8 : 315 a 9
(c) If n is odd and 0 < a < 1, then the integral equals 0.
47.

f DN g gD N f
ds
f D N g ds
gDN f ds
f 2g f g
dA
g2 f g f
dA
f 2g g 2 f
dA
49. F M i N j
N M
N M

0

0.
x
y
x
y
F dr
M dx N dy
Section 14.5

R
N M

dA
x
y
0
dA 0
Parametric Surfaces
1. r u, v
u i vj uvk
3. r u, v
2 cos v cos ui 2 cos v sin uj 2 sin vk
z xy
x2 y2 z2 4
Matches c.
Matches b.
v
5. r u, v
ui vj k
2
7. r u, v
2 cos ui vj 2 sin uk
x2 z2 4
y 2z 0
Cylinder
Plane
z
z
3
3
2
4
3 4 5
5
x
y
x
5
3
Section 14.5
For Exercises 9 and 11,
Parametric Surfaces
199
r u, v u cos vi u sin vj u 2 k, 0 u 2, 0 v 2.
Eliminating the parameter yields

z x 2 y 2, 0 z 4.
2
9. s u, v
u cos v i u sin v j u 2 k, 0 u 2, 0 v 2
z x 2 y 2
The paraboloid is reflected (inverted) through the xy-plane.

11. s u, v
u cos v i u sin v j u 2 k, 0 u 3, 0 v 2
The height of the paraboloid is increased from 4 to 9.
15. r u, v
2 sinh u cos vi sinh u sin vj cosh uk,
13. r u, v
2u cos v i 2u sin v j u 4 k,
0 u 1, 0 v 2
z
x2
0 u 2, 0 v 2
16
y2 2
z2
x2
4
y2
1
1
9
6
1
9
x
2
2
17. r u, v
u sin u
cos v i 1 cos u
sin v j uk,
0 u , 0 v 2
z
5
4
3
2
3
3
2
2
21. x 2 y 2 16
19. z y
r u, v
ui vj vk
23. z x 2
25. z 4 inside x 2 y 2 9.
r u, v
ui vj u 2 k
x
27. Function: y , 0 x 6
2
Axis of revolution: x-axis
x u, y
r u, v
4 cos ui 4 sin uj vk
u
u
cos v, z sin v
2
2
0 u 6, 0 v 2
r u, v
v cos u i v sin u j 4k, 0 v 3
29. Function: x sin z, 0 z

Axis of revolution: z-axis
x sin u cos v, y sin u sin v, z u
0 u , 0 v 2
200
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
31. r u, v
u v
i u v
j vk, 1, 1, 1
33. r u, v
2u cos v i 3u sin v j u 2 k, 0, 6, 4
ru u, v
i j, rv u, v
i j k
ru u, v
2 cos v i 3 sin v j 2uk
At 1, 1, 1
, u 0 and v 1.
rv u, v
2u sin v i 3u cos v j
ru 0, 1
i j, rv 0, 1
i j k

i
N ru 0, 1
rv 0, 1
1
1
j
1
1
k
0 i j 2k
1
Tangent plane: x 1
y 1
2 z 1
0
At 0, 6, 4
, u 2 and v 2.
2 3j 4k, r 2, 2 4i
ru 2,
2 r 2, 2
N ru 2,
x y 2z 0
(The original plane!)
i
0
4
j
3
0
k
4 16j 12k
0
Direction numbers: 0, 4, 3
Tangent plane: 4 y 6
3 z 4
0
4y 3z 12
35. r u, v
2ui
v
v
j k, 0 u 2, 0 v 1
2
2
1
1
ru u, v
2i, rv u, v
j k
2
2

i
ru rv 2
0
j
0
12
k
0 j k
1
2
ru rv 2

1
A
2 du dv 22
37. r u, v
a cos ui a sin uj vk, 0 u 2, 0 v b
ru u, v
a sin ui a cos uj
rv u, v
k
i
j
k
ru rv a sin u a cos u 0 a cos ui a sin uj
0
0
1
ru rv a

b
A
2
a du dv 2ab
39. r u, v
au cos v i au sin v j uk, 0 u b, 0 v 2
ru u, v
a cos vi a sin vj k
rv u, v
au sin v i au cos v j
ru rv
ru rv au1 a 2

A

2
i
j
k
a cos v
a sin v 1 au cos v i au sin v j a 2uk
au sin v au cos v 0
a1 a 2 u du dv ab21 a 2
Section 14.5
Parametric Surfaces
41. r u, v
u cos v i u sin v j uk, 0 u 4, 0 v 2
ru u, v

cos v
sin v
i
jk
2u
2u
rv u, v
u sin v i u cos v j
ru rv
i
cos v
2u
j
sin v
2u
u sin v u cos v
u 41
u 41 du dv 6 17
ru rv
A
2
1 u cos vi u sin vj 1 k
2
17 1 36.177
45. (a) From 10, 10, 0
43. See the definition, page 1051.
(b) From 10, 10, 10
(c) From 0, 10, 0
(d) From 10, 0, 0
47. (a) r u, v
4 cos v
cos ui
(b) r u, v
4 2 cos v
cos ui
4 cos v
sin u j sin vk,
4 2 cos v
sin uj 2 sin vk,
0 u 2, 0 v 2
0 u 2, 0 v 2
6
x
(c)
r u, v
8 cos v
cos u i
(d) r u, v
8 3 cos v
cos ui
8 cos v
sin uj sin vk,
8 3 cos v
sin uj 3 sin vk,
0 u 2, 0 v 2
0 u 2, 0 v 2
z
12
3
3
y
x
9
12
x
12
y
12
The radius of the generating circle that is revolved about the z-axis is b, and its center is a units from the axis of revolution.
201
202
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
49. r
u, v 20 sin u cos v i 20 sin u sin v j 20 cos uk 0 u 3, 0 v 2
ru 20 cos u cos v i 20 cos u sin v j 20 sin uk
rv 20 sin u sin v i 20 sin u cos v j
i
j
k
ru rv 20 cos u cos v 20 cos u sin v 20 sin u
20 sin u sin v 20 sin u cos v
0
400 sin2 u cos v i 400 sin2 u sin vj 400

cos u sin u cos2 v cos u sin u sin2 vk
400 sin2 u cos v i sin2 u sin vj cos u sin uk
ru rv 400sin4 u cos2 v sin4 u sin2 v cos2 u sin2 u
400sin4 u cos2 u sin2 u
400sin2 u 400 sin u

S
dS
2
400 sin u du dv
3
2
2
3
400 cos u
dv
200 dv 400 m2
51. r
u, v u cos v i u sin vj 2vk, 0 u 3, 0 v 2
ru
u, v cos v i sin vj
rv
u, v u sin v i u cos vj 2k
ru rv
i
j
cos v
sin v
u sin v u cos v
k
0 2 sin vi 2 cos vj uk
2
ru rv 4 u2
A

2
4 u2 du dv 313 4 ln
3 2 13

z
4
53. Essay
Section 14.6
Surface Integrals
1. S: z 4 x, 0 x 4, 0 y 4,

S

4
x 2y z dS
z
z
1,
0
x
y
x 2y 4 x1
1 2
02 dy dx
2
4 2y dy dx 0
Section 14.6
z
z

0
x y
3. S: z 10, x 2 y 2 1,

1x 2
x 2y z dS
2
2
2
0
5. S: z 6 x 2y, (first octant)

xy dS

0
y
5
4
xy1
1
2 dy dx
2
3
x2
dx
0
1
6
y = 3 21 x
3
2
xy 2
2
1
x 9 3x x 2 dx
4
6 9x 2
z
z
1,
2
x
y
6
10
3
x2
1
2
cos sin 5 d
3
3
13 sin 32 cos 5
r cos 2r sin 10r dr d
x 2y 101
02
02 dy dx
1 1x 2
Surface Integrals
2
x3
x4
16
6
0
276
2
7. S: z 9 x 2, 0 x 2, 0 y x,
z
z
2x,
0
x
y

2
xy dS
xy1 4x 2 dx dy
39117 1
240
9. S: z 10 x 2 y 2, 0 x 2, 0 y 2

2
x 2 2xy dS
x 2 2xy1 4x 2 4y 2 dy dx 11.47
1
1
11. S: 2x 3y 6z 12 (first octant) z 2 x y
3
2

x, y, z x 2 y 2
m

7

6
7
6
1

2
y = 4 23 x
dA
1
1
3
x 2 y 2
3
2
4
2x3
x y dy dx
2
2
1
2
x2 4 x 4 x
3
3
3
dx 67 43 x
3
1
1
2
x4 4 x
6
8
3

4 6
0
364
3
203
204
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
v
13. S: r
u, v ui vj k, 0 u 1, 0 v 2
2
ru rv
21 j k

2
y 5 dS
5
v 5
5
du dv 65

, 0 v 2
2
15. S: r
u, v 2 cos ui 2 sin uj vk, 0 u
ru rv 2 cos ui 2 sin uj 2

2
xy dS
2
8 cos u sin u du dv 8
17. f
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: z x 2, x 2 y 2 1
f
x, y, z dS

1x 2
1 1x 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
r 2 r 2 cos2 4r cos 4 r dr d
2
r 2
r cos 22 r dr d
2
x 2 y 2
x 22 1
12
02 dy dx
d
r4 r4
4r 3
cos2
cos 2r 2
4
4
3
1
0
9
1 1 cos 2 4

cos d
4
4
2
3
2
94 81 21 sin 2 34 sin
2
184 4 19 4 2

2
19. f
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: z x 2 y 2, x 2 y 2 4
f
x, y, z dS
4x 2
2 4x 2

2
2
2
x 2 y 2
x 2 y 2
4x 2
2 4x 2
4x 2
2 4x 2
2
x
y
x 2
1
x 2
y2 x2 y2
dy dx
x2 y2
x 2 y 2 dy dx
r 2 dr d 2
2
r3
3
2
0
x
y2
d
2
163
32
3
x y y
2
dy dx
Section 14.6
Surface Integrals
21. f
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: x 2 y 2 9, 0 x 3, 0 y 3, 0 z 9
Project the solid onto the yz-plane; x 9 y 2, 0 y 3, 0 z 9.

3
f
x, y, z dS

9 y 2 y 2 z 2
1
9 z 2
324

3
3
dz dy
9 y 2
y
9 y 2

02 dz dy
3
z3
9z

3
9 y 2

3
y
d y 972 arcsin
3
9 y 2
972

dy
2 0 486
23. F
x, y, z 3z i 4 j yk
S: x y z 1 (first octant)
1
G
x, y, z x y z 1
y = x + 1
G
x, y, z i j k

S
F
N dS

R
F
G dA
1x
3
1 x y 4 y dy dx
1x
1 3x 2y dy dx
3z 4 y dy dx
1x

1
y 3xy y 2
1x
dx

1 x 3x
1 x
1 x2 dx
2 2x2 dx
4
3
25. F
x, y, z x i yj z k
S: z 9 x 2 y 2, 0 z
G
x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 9
G
x, y, z 2 x i 2y j k

S
F
N dS

R
F
G dA

z dA
2y 2
2x 2 2y 2
9 x 2 y 2 dA
x 2 y 2 9 dA
2
2
r 2 9r dr d
r 4 9r 2

4
2
3
0
d
243
2
R
x
2
2
2x 2
x2 + y2 9
205
206
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
27. F
x, y, z 4i 3j 5k
S: z x y ,
2
x2
x 2 + y2 4
y 4
2
G
x, y, z x y 2 z
G
x, y, z 2 x i 2y j k

S
F
N dS
F
G dA

8x 6y 5 dA
2
8r cos 6r sin 5 r dr d
2
2
8
5
r 3 cos 2r 3 sin r 2
3
2

d
64
cos 16 sin 10 d
3
64
sin 16 cos 10
3
2
20
29. F
x, y, z 4xyi z2 j yzk
S: unit cube bounded by x 0, x 1, y 0, y 1, z 0, z 1

1
S1: The top of the cube

N k, z 1

S1
F
N dS

1
y
1 dy dx
1
2
F
N dS
S2
S3: The front of the cube

N i, x 1

1
y
0 dy dx 0
S3
S4: The back of the cube

N i, x 0

S4
F
N dS
F
N dS

S6
F
N dS

1
N j, y 1
4
0y dy dx 0

S5
F
N dS

1
z 2 dz dx
1
3
Therefore,

S
F
N dS
1
1 1 5
020 .
2
3 3 2
31. The surface integral of f over a surface S, where S is given by z g

x, y, is defined as

S

1
4
1y dy dz 2
S5: The right side of the cube
S6: The left side of the cube

N j, y 0
S2: The bottom of the cube

N k, z 0
f
x, y, z dS lim
f
x , y , z S . (page 1061)
0 i1
See Theorem 14.10, page 1061.

33. See the definition, page 1067.
See Theorem 14.11, page 1067.

1
z 2 dz dx
1
3
Section 14.6
35. (a)
4
6
207
(c) r
u, 0 4 cos
2u i 4 sin
2u j
(b) If a normal vector at a point P on

the surface is moved around the
Mbius strip once, it will point in
the opposite direction.
Surface Integrals
This is a circle.
z
6
6
2
2
2
y
4
(d) (construction)
(e) You obtain a strip with a double twist and twice as long as
the original Mbius strip.
37. z x 2 y 2, 0 z a
m

k dS k
Iz
k
x 2 y 2 dS
2
2ka 4
2 dA 2 ka 2
dA k
k
x 2 y 22 dA
2ka 4
r 3 dr d
x y y
2
x
x 2 y 2
2k
1
2
2
a2
2ka 2 a 2m
2
39. x 2 y 2 a 2, 0 z h

x, y, z 1
y a 2 x 2
Project the solid onto the xz-plane.

x 2 y 2
1 dS
Iz 4
1
x 2
a 2 x 2
4
4a 3
x
a 2 x 2

02 dx dz
1
dx dz
x2
a 2
4a 3
arcsin
x
a
dz 4a 3
2
h 2a h
3
41. S: z 16 x 2 y 2, z 0
F
x, y, z 0.5zk

S
F
N dS

R
F

gx
x, y i gy
x, yj k dA
0.5 z dA
0.5

2
0.5 z k

2x i 2y j k dA
0.5
16 x 2 y 2 dA
16 r 2r dr d 0.5
2
64 d 64
208
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
Section 14.7
Divergence Theorem
1. Surface Integral: There are six surfaces to the cube, each with dS 1 dA.
z 0,
z a,
Therefore,
F N dS a
a 2 dx dy a 4
0 dA 0
2a dy dz
S4

a
2a dy dz 2a3
0 dA 0
S5
F N 2y,
N j,
S3
F N 2y,
N j,
y a,
S2
F N 2x,
N i,
y 0,
a 2 dA
F N 2x,
N i,
x a,
0 dA 0
S1
F N z 2,
N k,
x 0,

F N z 2,
N k,
2a dA
S6

a
2a dz dx 2a 3
2a 3 2a 3 a 4.
Divergence Theorem: Since div F 2z, the Divergence Theorem yields

a
div F dV

a
2z dz dy dx
a 2 dy dx a 4.
3. Surface Integral: There are four surfaces to this solid.
z 0, N k, F N z
0 dS 0
S1
y 0, N j, F N 2y z, dS dA dx dz

6
z dS
S2
6z
z dx dz
z 2 6z dz 36
x 0, N i, F N y 2x, dS dA dz dy

3
y dS
S3
Therefore,
6y 2y 2 dy 9
i 2j k
2x 5y 3z
, FN
, dS 6 dA
6
6

3
2x 5y 3z dz dy
S4
y dz dy
x 2y z 6, N
62y
62y
18 x 11y dx dy
F N dS 0 36 9 45 18.
90 90y 20y 2 dy 45
Divergence Theorem: Since div F 1, we have

Q
1
1
dV Volume of solid Area of base Height 96 18.
3
3
Section 14.7
Divergence Theorem
5. Since div F 2x 2y 2z, we have

a
div F dV
2x 2y 2z dz dy dx

div F dV
2
2

2
3a 4.
2 sin
cos sin
sin cos
2 sin
d
d d
2 5sin cos sin3

cos
d
d d
2

2

a
2xyz dV
2a 2x 2a 3 dx a 2x 2 2a 3x
7. Since div F 2x 2x 2xyz 2xyz
2ax 2ay a 2 dy dx
1 5
sin cos d d
2

a
5 sin2
2
2
2
d 0.
9. Since div F 3, we have
43 2 32.
3 dV 3Volume of sphere 3
11. Since div F 1 2y 1 2y, we have

Q

4
2y dV
9y 2
3 9y2

6
4 x 2 dV
4y
3

6
4x 2 dz dy dx

13. Since div F 3x 2 x 2 0 4x 2, we have

4
2y dx dy dz
4y9 y 2 dy dz
4x 24 y dy dx
32x 2 dx 2304.
15. Fx, y, z xyi 4yj xz k

div F y 4 x

S
F N dS

div F dV
2
sin
sin sin
cos 42 sin
d d
d
3 sin2
sin 3 sin2
cos 42 sin
d d
d
3 sin2
cos 3 sin2
sin 42 sin
82 sin
d
d
82 cos
162 d
y x 4 dV
0
2
d
163
3
3
0
144.
4
2 3
2
9 y
3
2
0 d
d
3
3
dz 0.
209
210
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
17. Using the Divergence Theorem, we have

S
curl F N dS
div curlF dV
i

curl Fx, y, z
x
4xy z 2
j

y
2x 2 6yz
k

z
2xz
div curl F 0.
Therefore,
6y i 2z 2z j 4x 4x k 6yi
div curl F dV 0.

21. Using the triple integral to find volume, we need F so that
div F
M N P

1.
x
y
z
Hence, we could have F x i, F yj, or F z k.

For dA dy dz consider F xi, x f y, z, then N
For dA dz dx consider F yj, y f x, z, then N
i fy j fz k
1 fy2 fz2
fx i j fz k
1 fx2 fz2
fx i fy j k
For dA dx dy consider F z k, z f x, y, then N

Correspondingly, we then have V

S
F N dS
23. Using the Divergence Theorem, we have
x dy dz
curl F N dS
Fx, y, z M i Nj Pk
curl F
div curl F
Therefore,

S
1 fx2 fy2
and dS 1 fy2 fz2 dy dz.

and dS 1 fx2 fz2 dz dx.
and dS 1 fx2 fy2 dx dy.
y dz dx
z dx dy.
div curl F dV. Let
N
P M
N M

i
j

k
P
y
z
x
z
x
y
2P
2N
2P
2M
2N
2M

0.
xy xz yx yz zx zy
curl F N dS
0 dV 0.
25. If Fx, y, z x i yj z k, then div F 3.

S
27.
F N dS
div F dV
f D N g dS

f g
3 dV 3V.
N dS
div f g dV
f div g f g dV
f 2g f g dV
Section 14.8
Section 14.8
Stokess Theorem
Stokess Theorem

1. F x, y, z 2y z i xyz j e z k
curl F
i

x
j

y
k

z
2y z
xyz
ez
xyi j yz 2k
3. F x, y, z 2z i 4x 2 j arctan xk
j

y
k

z
4x2
arctan x
i

curl F x
2z
5. F x, y, z e x
curl F
2 y 2
i ey
i

x
ex
y 2
j

y
ey
2 z 2
2
1
j 8xk
1 x2
j xyzk
k

z
z 2
xyz
xz 2ze
y 2 z 2
i yz j 2ye x
zx 2e y
2 z 2
i yz j 2ye x
2 y 2
2 y 2
7. In this case, M y z, N x z, P x y and C is the circle x 2 y 2 1, z 0, dz 0.

Line Integral:
F dr
y dx x dy
Letting x cos t, y sin t, we have dx sin t dt, dy cos t dt and
y dx x dy
2
sin 2 t cos 2 t dt 2.
Double Integral: Consider F x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2 1.

Then
N
F
2x i 2yj 2zk

x i yj zk.
F
2x 2 y 2 z 2
Since
z 2 1 x 2 y 2, z x
2x x
y

, and z y
, dS
2z
z
z
Now, since curl F 2k, we have
curl F N dS
2z
1 xz
2
2
y2
1
dA dA.
z2
z
1z dA 2 dA 2Area of circle of radius 1 2.

R
211
212
Chapter 14
Vector Analysis
9. Line Integral: From the accompanying figure we see that for
C1: z 0, dz 0
6
4
C2: x 0, dx 0
C2
C3
C3 : y 0, dy 0.
Hence,
F dr
y dy
y dy
y dy z dz
C2
C3
y dy
(0, 3, 0)
xyz dx y dy z dz
C1
(0, 0, 6)
(4, 0, 0)
C1
z dz
z dz
z dz 0.
Double Integral: curl F xyj xzk

Considering Fx, y, z 3x 4y 2z 12, then
N
3i 4j 2k
F

and dS 29 dA.
F
29
Thus,
curl F N dS
4xy 2xz dy dx
(3x12)
4
4xy 2x6 2y 23 x dy dx
(123x)
4
8xy 3x 2 12x dy dx
0 dx 0.
11. Let A 0, 0, 0, B 1, 1, 1 and C 0, 2, 0. Then U AB i j k and V AC 2j. Thus,
N
U V
2i 2k i k

.
U V
2
22
Surface S has direction numbers 1, 0, 1, with equation z x 0 and dS 2 dA. Since curl F 3i j 2k, we have
curl F N dS
1
2
2 dA
dA Area of triangle with a 1, b 2 1.

13. F x, y, z z 2 i x 2 j y 2 k, S: z 4 x 2 y 2, 0 z
i

curl F x
j

y
k

z 2yi 2z j 2xk
z2
x2
y2
Gx, y, z x 2 y 2 z 4
Gx, y, z 2x i 2yj k
curl F N dS
4xy 4yz 2x dA
4x 2
2
2
4x 2
2
4x 2
4x 2
4xy 4y 4 x 2 y 2 2x dy dx
4xy 16y 4x 2y 4y 3 2x dy dx
2
4x4 x 2 dx 0
Section 14.8
Stokess Theorem
15. Fx, y, z z 2 i yj xzk, S: z 4 x 2 y 2

i

curl F x
j

y
k

z
z2
xz
zj
Gx, y, z z 4 x 2 y 2
Gx, y, z
x
y
i
jk
2
2
4 x y
4 x 2 y 2
curl F F dS
yz
dA
4 x 2 y 2
x
17. Fx, y, z lnx 2 y 2 i arctan j k
y
curl F
j

y
k

z
arctan x
y
i

x
1
2 ln
x2
y2
y4 x 2 y 2
dA
4 x 2 y 2

1 1
y
x
y x
2
4x 2
2 4x 2
y dy dx 0
y
2y
k 2
k
y2
x y2
S: z 9 2x 3y over one petal of r 2 sin 2

in the first octant.
Gx, y, z 2x 3y z 9
Gx, y, z 2i 3j k
curl F N dS

2

2

2
2y
dA
x2 y2
2 sin 2
2r sin
r dr d
r2
4 sin
cos
2 sin
dr d
8 sin 2
cos
d

19. From Exercise 10, we have N
curl F N dS

2x i k
j

y
k

z
2
Letting N k, we have
8
3
ax 3 dx
ax4
4 a
0
a5
.
4
0

2
x 3 dy dx
21. Fx, y, z i j 2k
i

curl F x
and dS 1 4x 2 dA. Since curl F xyj xzk, we have
1 4x 2
xz dA
8 sin3

curl F N dS 0.
213
214
Chapter 14
25. (a)
f g
Vector Analysis
dr
g
g
g
if jf k
x
y
z
f g f
curl f g
curl f g N dS (Stokes Theorem)
i

x
j

y
f g
x f g
y f g
z
2g
(b)
(c)
f
g
2g
f
g
2g
f
g
2g
f
g
f xy x y f yx y x k

f g
f g
f g
f g
i j k
yf gz zf g
y
x z
z x
x y
y x
f f dr
f
y
g
y
f
z
g
z
dr
f
f g gf dr
f g
curl f g N dS
f g dr
f
f
since
C r dr
i
C r a
x
and
curlC r
1
2
g N dS
g N dS
curl C r N dS
j
b
y
g N dS.
gf dr
27. Let C ai bj ck, then
f
f N dS (using part a.)
g
1
2
f
2g
0 since f f 0.
2g
f xz x z f zx z x j
f g
g
f
x
g
x
f
f yz y z f zy z y i
Therefore,
k

z
1
2
g f N dS (using part a.)

f g N dS 0
2C
N dS
k
c bz cy i az cx j ay bx k
z
i

x
j

y
k

z
bz cy cx az ay bx
2ai b j ck 2C.
N dS

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C H A P T E R 14

Section 14.2 Line Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises

3. All vectors point outward.

5. Vectors are parallel to x-axis for

11. Fx, y, z 3yj

21. f x, y 5x2 3xy 10y2

Fx, y 10x 3y i 3x 20y j

25. gx, y, z xy lnx y

 x xy y y lnx y i  x xy y x lnx y j

27. Fx, y 12xyi 6x2 y j

29. Fx, y sin yi x cos yj

M 12xy and N 6x2 y have continuous first

M sin y and N x cos y have continuous first partial

31. M 15y3, N 5xy2

35. Fx, y 2xy i x2 j

N 2 y 2x 2xy M

37. Fx, y xe x y2yi x j

41. Fx, y e xcos y i sin y j

43. Fx, y, z x yz i y j z k, 1, 2, 1

45. Fx, y, z e x sin y i  e x cos y j, 0, 0, 3

curl F    xyj  xzk

47. Fx, y, z arctan

49. Fx, y, z sinx  y i sin y  z j sinz  xk

51. Fx, y, z sin y i  x cos y j k

53. Fx, y, z e z y i xj xyk

Fx, y, z sin x i cos y j z 2 k

Fx, y, z e x sin y i  e x cos y j

div Fx, y, z e x sin y e x sin y

65. See the definition, page 1008. Examples include velocity

67. See the definition on page 1014.

71. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k

73. Fx, y, z i 2x j 3yk

2xz 3y 2 i  z  3x y j y  2x 2k

75. Fx, y, z xyz i y j zk

77. Let F M i N j Pk and G Q i R j S k where M, N, P, Q, R, and S have continuous partial derivatives.

79. Let F M i Nj P k and G R i Sj T k.

nx 2 y 2 z 2 n2x i yj z k n f n2 F

t2i  tit j, 2  tj,

7. r t 4 t i 3tj, 0 t 2; rt 4 i 3j

9. rt sin t i cos t j 8t k, 0 t

4t  3t42 32 dt

sin2 t cos2 t 64t 2cos t2 sin t2 64 dt

651 64t 2 dt 65 t

13. rt cos t i sin t j, 0 t

cos 2 t sin2 t sin t2 cos t2 dt

1 192 8 19 192 191 2

21. Fx, y xyi yj

C: rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 t

Ft 6 cos t i 8 sin t j

rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

12 sin t cos t 16 sin t cos t dt

27. Fx, y, z x 2 z i 6yj yz 2 k

t 2 ln t 12t 3 t ln t2 dt

31. Fx, y 2xi yj

Ft 23  t i 3  t j, rt i  j

C: rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j t k, 0 t 2

33. Fx, y, z x i yj  5zk

35. rt 3 sin t i 3 cos t j

37. Fx, y x2 i xyj

8t 2 2tt  1 dt

Ft 43  t2 i 23  t2  t j

11. Fx, y, z 3yj

21. f x, y 5x2 3xy 10y2

Fx, y 10x 3y i 3x 20y j

25. gx, y, z xy lnx y

x xy y y lnx y i x xy y x lnx y j

27. Fx, y 12xyi 6x2 y j

29. Fx, y sin yi x cos yj

M 12xy and N 6x2 y have continuous first

31. M 15y3, N 5xy2

35. Fx, y 2xy i x2 j

N 2 y 2x 2xy M

37. Fx, y xe x y2yi x j

41. Fx, y e xcos y i sin y j

43. Fx, y, z x yz i y j z k, 1, 2, 1

45. Fx, y, z e x sin y i e x cos y j, 0, 0, 3

curl F xyj xzk

47. Fx, y, z arctan

49. Fx, y, z sinx y i sin y z j sinz xk

51. Fx, y, z sin y i x cos y j k

53. Fx, y, z e z y i xj xyk

Fx, y, z sin x i cos y j z 2 k

Fx, y, z e x sin y i e x cos y j

div Fx, y, z e x sin y e x sin y

71. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k

73. Fx, y, z i 2x j 3yk

2xz 3y 2 i z 3x y j y 2x 2k

75. Fx, y, z xyz i y j zk

nx 2 y 2 z 2 n2x i yj z k n f n2 F

t2i tit j, 2 tj,

7. r t 4 t i 3tj, 0 t 2; rt 4 i 3j

4t 3t42 32 dt

sin2 t cos2 t 64t 2cos t2 sin t2 64 dt

651 64t 2 dt 65 t

cos 2 t sin2 t sin t2 cos t2 dt

1 192 8 19 192 191 2

rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

12 sin t cos t 16 sin t cos t dt

Ft 23 t i 3 t j, rt i j

33. Fx, y, z x i yj 5zk

8t 2 2tt 1 dt

Ft 43 t2 i 23 t2 t j

83 t2 23 t2 t dt

C2: xt 3, yt t 3

51. xt t, yt 1 t2, 0 t 1, dx dt, dy 2t dt

cos t sin2 t sin t1 4 cos2 t dt

rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

2t 4t sin t cos t

12 37.70 cm2

r2 cos i 2 sin cos j

Ft sin2 i sin3 j

sin2 cos 2 sin4 cos d

r1 sec tan i sec2 j

sec tan2 sec3 d

sec d ln sec tan

sec sec2 1 sec3 d

21. Fx, y, z 2y x i x2 z j 2y 4zk

3t t 2 2t 12 8t 2t 1 162t 13 dt

17t 2 5t 2t 12 162t 13 dt

(a) r1t 4 cos t i 4 sin tj 3k, 0 t

(b) r2t 4 8t i 3k, 0 t 1

y 2z dx x 3z dy 2x 3y dz

Fx, y, z is conservative and the potential function is f x, y, z xy 3yz 2xz.

xy 3yz 2xz

xy 3yz 2xz

xy 3yz 2xz

35. Fx, y 9x 2 y 2 i 6x 3 y 1 j is conservative.

37. rt 2 cos 2 t i 2 sin 2 t j

t 4 0 16 dt

16dt 12 t20

16 t20 0dt

8 t2dt 8 t2dt

2 cos te2 sin t 2 sin t e2 cos t 2 cos t dt 19.99

e x xe 4x xe 4x dx 19.99

13. Since R is the interior of the circle x 2 y 2 a 2, Greens Theorem yields

sin x cos y dx xy cos x sin y dy

y sin x sin y sin x sin y dA

25. C: let x a cos t, y a sin t, 0 t 2. By Theorem 14.9, we have

a cos t a cos t a sin t a sin t dt