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In this chapter, you will learn concepts w.r.t.:

Ancient India
Medieval India
Modern India
Chapter 1
History of India
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ANCIENT INDIA
History is a record of time. Ages have come and brought with them their foundations and ruins. The
study of Ancient India begins with the study of the Stone Age.
1.
Stone Age
The Stone Age or the stages of early man can be classified into
Paleolithic Age This period was essentially the stage of hunters and food gatherers. They
used crude tools made of flakes. They had no knowledge of cultivation and house building.
Goat, sheep & other cattle were used. They lived on roots & fruits. By the end of the Paleolithic
Age, the flint industry came up. The important development of this age was the emergence of
Homo-Sapiens.
Mesolithic Age This age was the transition between the Paleolithic & the Neolithic Ages.
Mesolithic people lived on hunting, fishing & food gathering. At a later stage, they domesticated
animals. They used microlith - a small raw-stone tool.
Neolithic Age - These people used tools & implements of polished stone. They particularly used stone
axes. Parashurama became an important axe-wielding hero. Dwelling pits, ceramics, a variety of stone
& bone tools & a complete absence of microliths marked this age. Cattle, sheep & goat were
domesticated.
2.
Indus Valley Civilization

The most important event of ancient Indian history was the development of Indus Valley Civilization.
This Civilization prospered on the Banks of river Indus. It extended from Jammu in the North to
Ahmednagar in the South, and covered various regions of Gujarat. The main sites which have
been found in the excavation are:
Kalibangan in Rajasthan
Lothal in Gujarat
Banwali in Haryana and
Ropar in Punjab.
The Indus Valley Civilization existed between 2350 BC and 1750 BC. The main cities associated
with the civilization were Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and Lothal. The main feature of this
civilization was Town Planning. They had great buildings, well-planned roads, cities and drainage
systems. Trade and agriculture were the main sources of livelihood for the people. People of the
Indus Valley were the first to produce cotton. Mother Goddess was the most important deity of
worship.
GENERAL AWARENESS - BRM
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3.
Vedic Period
This period is marked by the entry of the Aryans, who were originally inhabitants of Central Asia
around the Caspian Sea and probably came through the Hindukush Mountains. The period in
which they existed was between 1500-600 BC.
The Main Features of the Aryans were:
i) They were admirers of nature and worshipped the Sun, Fire and Water.
ii) Indra was an important deity for the Aryans.
iii) Metal iron was used for the first time during this period in 1000 BC.
The following religious books were written during this period
i) Vedas: These were their most sacred books.
(These are also the oldest known books of Indus Valley Civilization). They were four in
number, viz. :
a) Rig Veda
The oldest, and it contained prayers of God, Vayu, Varun, Indra and Agni.
b) Sam Veda
It dealt with music.
c) Yajur Veda
It dealt with formulae, sacrifices and rituals.
d) Atharva Veda
It dealt with medicines.
ii) The Upanishads: They are the foundation stones of Indian Philosophy and are 108 in number.
4.
Rise of Religions
The two major religions that came into prominence after the vedic period:
i) Buddhism - Initiated by a Kshatriya prince of the Shakya clan, Siddhartha, (who later came to
be known as Buddha) around 6th century BC. Siddhartha was born in 567 BC at Lumbini in
Kapilavastu (present day Nepal). He was the son of king Shuddhodhana. He went in search of
truth and attained enlightenment under a pipal tree at Bodh Gaya, and delivered his first sermons
at Sarnath in U.P. He died at Kushinagar in U.P.
The main Buddhist teachings of the eightfold path of right faith, thought, action, livelihood, efforts,
speech, remembrance and concentration, belief in nirvana (freedom from the cycle of birth and death),
ahimsa and law of karma were recorded in Triptikas, the religious book of Buddhists.
ii) Jainism - Initiated by Rishabha (a Kshatriya prince), Jainism attained peak under Vardhamana
Mahavira (the 24th Tirthankara). Mahavira was born at Kundagrama in 540 BC at Bihar, and
attained perfect knowledge Kaivalya after he became an ascetic at the age of 30. He became a
Jina (one who has conquered happiness and misery) and died at Pavapuri (present day Bihar).
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The major teachings of Jainism were based on the Tri-ratna concept and the Tri-ratna concept
was based on
a) Right knowledge,
b) Right faith and
c) Right conduct.
5.
Magadh Empire (6th Century BC - 4th Century BC)

Major dynasties of the Magadh Empire were:
i) Haryanka Dynasty - Bimbisara and Ajata Shatru laid the foundation of this dynasty in 684 BC.
ii) Shishunaga Dynasty - This dynasty was founded by Shishunag in 413 BC after defeating the
last king of the Haryanka dynasty.
iii) Nanda Dynasty This dynasty was founded in 382 BC by Mahapadma Nanda.
6.
Alexanders Invasion of India

Alexander, after establishing his Kingdom in present day Pakistan, crossed the river Indus and
invaded India.
He defeated Porus, the then ruler of Punjab in the Battle of Hydaspes in 326 BC and extended
his kingdom till India.
He founded the city of Alexandria in present day Afghanistan.
7.
The Age of Mauryas (321-198 BC)

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of Maurya Empire.
Kautilya was in the court of Chandragupta Maurya and he had written the book titled
Arthashastra.
Megasthenese was a Greek ambassador who came in the court of Chandragupta Maurya and
wrote the book titled INDICA.
Ashoka (273-232 B.C.) was the important king of this dynasty.
He fought the Kalinga war (261 BC) and after that war he adopted Buddhism.
He was the first Indian king to talk directly to the people throughout his empire.
The last king of Maurya empire Brihadratha was killed by his commander in chief
Pushyamitrasingha
8.
Kushan Empire
The Kushan empire was started by the Kushan tribe of the Yuezi Confederation around 1st century
BC.
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9.
The Kushan Empire introduced the largest number of gold coins in India.
Kanishka was most the important king of the empire. He started the Saka Era in 78 AD.
His capital was at Pursushpura ( now Peshawar).
He was responsible for organizing the 4th Buddhist council in Kashmir.
Both Gandhar and Mathura art forms developed during Kanishkas reign.
Gupta Empire
It was founded by Chandragupta I (320-325 AD). He started the Gupta Era in 320 AD. Other
important kings of the Gupta empire were
i) Samudra Gupta (335-380 AD) He was known as the Napoleon of India. He was a great
exponent of Veena.
ii) Chandragupta II (380-412 AD) also known as Vikramaditya
Chinese Pilgrim, Fa-hien came in his court.
Aryabhatta and Kalidas were in the court of Chandragupta II. He was responsible for the start
of the Vikram Era.
iii) Kumaragupta I of this dynasty had constructed the Nalanda University (in present
day Bihar).
iv)Harshvardhana was the last important king of North India.
His capital was at Kannauj.
Hiuen-Tsang, the Chinese pilgrim came to his court.
Harshcharita, a book on the life of Harshvardhana was written by Banabhata, who had also
written Kadambari.
He was defeated by Pulshekin II of the Chalukya dynasty.
10. South Indian Dynasties

10.1 The Sathavanas
This dynasty was founded by Simuka. (65 BC)
Satakarni was an important king.
They constructed many buddhist worshipping sites- the important ones being at Amaravati and
Nagarjuna Konda.
They issued the maximum number of lead coins.
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Sangam Literature relates primarily to Pandyan kingdom but also contains information about
Cholas and Cheras.
Tolkkapiyam is the oldest book of Tamil grammar.
Three Major Southern Kingdoms

Kingdom
Capital
Emblem
Famous
Port
Important
King
Cholas
Uraiyar
Tiger
Puhar
Karikala
Cheras
Vanji Karur
Bow
Tondi, Bandar
Udiyanjeral
Pandyas
Madurai
Carp
Korkai
Nedunjdiyan
10.2 The Chalukyas (6th - 7th Century AD)

Pulkeshin I bounded the Chalukya dynasty and established its capital at Vatapi.
Pulkeshin II (609 AD - 642 AD) was the most important king.
According to the Aihole inscriptions, he defeated Harshvardhana on the banks of river Narmada
in 619 AD.
Narasimharaman I defeated and killed Pulkeshin II and captured Vadani.
Most of the Buddhist cover at Ajanta and Ellora was structured during the reign of the
Chalukyas.
Aihole was the temple town of this period.
10.3 The Pallavas (560 AD 903 AD)
The Pallava dynasty was founded by Simhavishnu in 560 AD.
Their Capital was at Kanch.
Mahendranarman I was defeated by Pulkeshin II.
Narasimhavarma I was the greatest king, and because he defeated Pulkeshin II and captured
Badan, he was known as Vatapi-Konda.
Narshimhavarma II constructed the shore temple of Mahabalipuram and the Kailashnath Temple
of Kanchi.
He was also a worshipper of Vishnu. He built the Vaikunthaperumal Temple at Kanchi.
Aparajita Pallav was the last ruler and was defeated by Aditya Chola.
Administrative Units of the Pallavas
Mandal (Province)
Nadu (District)
Village (Kottam - Group of Villages)
6
Names of the Chiefs

Rastrik
Deshatric
Gram Bhojak
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10.4 The Rashtrakutas

Founded by Dantedurga in Deccan, their capital was located at Manyakhet or Malkhed. Greatest
kings of the Rashtrakuta dynasty were:
i) Govind III (796 AD - 814 AD)
ii) Amoghavarha I (814 AD - 978 AD) - He had written the first Kannada book - Kabirajamarga.
and Ratnamalika in Kannada.
iii) Kailash I built the Kailash Temple at Ellora (in 9th century).
Administrative Units of the Rashtrakutas
Rashtras - the provinces
Visaya - the districts
Bhukti - the villages
10.5 The Cholas (850 -1200 AD)
The Chola dynasty was founded by Vijayalaya in 850 AD.
Early capital was situated at Uraiyar.
Later the capital was shifted to Tanjore.
Raja Raja I (985 AD - 1014 AD) was an important king.
- He constructed the Siva Temple at Tanjore which is also famous as Raja Rajeshvar Temple.
Rajendra I (1014 AD- 1044AD) was called the Napolean of South India.
The Cholas were famous for naxal power and for their village administration.
Administrative Units of the Cholas
Mandlam the provinces
Valanadusnadus the districts
Taniyur the large villages
The Village Assembly was constituted of
Urs- the assembly of common people.
Abha - the assembly of brahmins.
Nagaram - the assembly of merchants.
MEDIEVAL INDIA
It is marked by the beginning of the Sultanate of Delhi, which was established after the conquest of
Muhammad Ghori. The period of the Sultanate of Delhi ranges from AD 1206-1526. It is also considered
as the beginning of Muslim rule in India.
Important Dynasties
1. The Slave Dynasty period ranges from AD 1206-1290. It was founded by Qutabud-din Aibak
whose capital was at Lahore. He started the Persian festival of NAVROZ in India. The Qutub
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Minar at Delhi was also built by Qutabud-din Aibak. Later Iltutmish got three more stories
added to the Minar. Razia Sultana, the only woman ruler of India, and Balban were the important
rulers of the Slave Dynasty.
2.
T he K hi l j i D y na s t y wa s founde d b y J a l a l - u d- d i n K hi l j i a nd i t s pe r i od r a nges
from AD 1290-1320. Ala-ud-din Khilji was one of the most prominent rulers of this dynasty.
He started branding of horses and constructed Siri Fort at Delhi and Alai Darwaja near
Qutub Minar.
3.
The Tughlak dynasty was founded by G hia suddin Tughlak a nd the per iod ra nges
from AD 1320-1414. Ibn Batuta was an important African traveller who visited India in 1333.
Feroz Shah Tughlak was another important king and he constructed many tombs.
Mohammed-Bin-Tughlak introduced coins of brass and copper.
4.
The Lodhi dynasty was founded by Bahlol Lodhi and the period of this dynasty ranges
from AD 14511526. Sikander and Ibrahim Lodhi were the other two prominent rulers
belonging to this dynasty. Sikander established Agra City and transferred his capital from
Agra to Delhi.
5.
Mughal Dynasty (AD 1526-1857)

5.1 Babar - He is credited with the foundation of the Mughal empire by defeating Ibrahim Lodhi
in the First Battle of Panipat on April 20, 1526. His tomb is built at Kabul, and his autobiography
Baburnama is written in Turkish.
5.2 Humayun - He was the next emperor of the Mughal empire after Babur. His tomb is in Delhi,
his biography Humayunama was written by Guladan Begum.
5.3 Akbar - He was the most successful Mughal emperor. An excellent leader, who separated
religion and politics, started a new religion called Din-e-Ilahi. He established Fatehpur Sikri and
Buland Darwaja near Agra. He abolished the Jazia Tax. Bairam Khan, Akbars General, fought the
Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 & defeated Hemu. Two important books Akbarnama and
Ain-e-Akbari were written during Akbars tenure by Abul Fazal. His tomb is built at Sikandara
near Agra.
5.4 Jehangir - The son of Akbar, who ascended the throne after Akbar s death, known for his
administration and strict sense of justice. He was the husband of Noor Jahan Begum and had
built Shalimar and Nishant Bagh. His autobiography is Tuzk-e-Jahangiri and his tomb is
built at Lahore.
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5.5 Shahjahan - Famous ruler and son of Jehangir, who built the Taj Mahal at Agra, in the
memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Jama Masjid and Red Fort are the other two famous
monuments that were built by him. He had transferred his capital from Agra to Delhi.
5.6 Aurangzeb - A very cruel ruler and son of Shahjahan, who demolished several religious
structures of Hindus, and ruled for about 50 years. He constructed the Moti Masjid in the Red
Fort at Delhi and Bibi ka Makbara at Aurangabad.
5.7 Sher Shah Suri (1540-1555) - He was a brilliant administrator who issued the Rupiah and
Paisa coins and built the famous Grand Trunk Road from Peshawar to Calcutta. He constructed
the Old Fort of Delhi.
The Mughal empire started declining with the attack of Nadir Shah who took with him the famous
Kohinoor Diamond to Afghanistan. Then came the Marathas who became powerful under the
leadership of Shivaji.
MODERN INDIA
Coming of the Europeans
Vasco-da-Gama discovered the sea route to India in 1498 and he belonged to Portugal. So
Portugal was the first European country to start trade with India.
The East India Company (EIC) of England came to India in 1602.
The first officer of the EIC, Captain Hawkins came to India in 1608 in the court of Jahangir,
the then ruler of India.
The EIC established its first factory at Surat in 1613.
The first English Ambassador, Sir Thoma s Roe, came to India in 1615 in the court
of Ja ha ngir.
Important Battles of Modern India

i) Battle of Plassey (1757)
Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal was defeated by the East India Co., under the leadership
of Lord Clive, the first governor of Bengal. It is also known as the Black Hole Episode of the
Indian history.
ii) Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
It was the decisive battle fought between the English and the French. The French rule in India
came to an end.
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iii) Battle of Buxar (1764)

The joint a rmy of Mir Q ua sim, former Na wa b of Bengal Suja -ud-Da ula h, Na wa b of
Awa dh a nd Shah Alam II was defeated by the English a rmy under the lea der ship of
Captain Hector Munro.
The Regulating Act (1773)

In1773, the British Parliament initiated a series of administrative and economic reforms in
India. The post of Governor General for Bengal was created. Warren Hastings became the
first Governor General of Bengal. The Governor General and his council had all the legislative
powers. Supreme Court was established at Calcutta and Sir Elijah Impey became the Chief
Justice of India.
Governor Generals of India (1774 - 1858)

1. Warren Hastings (1774 - 1785)
Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of India. The foundation of the British empire
was laid down by Lord Clive (first Governor of Bengal) and Warren Hastings consolidated it.
2. Lord Cornwallis (1786 - 1793)
Lord Cornwallis is known as the father of Indian Civil Services. He introduced the system of the
Permanent Settlement, also called the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, in 1703. It was an agreement
between East India Company and the Bengali landlords (zamindars) for effective agricultural
methods and productivity in the empire.
3. Lord Wellesely (1797 - 1805)
Lord Wellesely adopted the policy of Subsidiary Alliance. He established the Fort William College
at Calcutta.
4. Lord William Bentinck (1828 - 1835)
Lord William Bentinck was a famous social reformer. He abolished the Sati system in 1829. He
introduced engineering education in India.
5. Lord Dalhousie (1845 - 1856)
Lord Dalhousie laid the foundation of railways in India. The first railway line was laid
between Bombay and Thane and began operating in 1853. He also started the first telegram
line in India between Agra and Calcutta. He introduced the Widow Remarriage Act, opened
post offices throughout India, established the Public Works Department, and introduced
The Doctrine of Lapse.
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Viceroys of India
1. Lord Cunning (1858 - 1862)
Lord Cunning was the first Viceroy of India. He abolished The Doctrine of Lapse and also established
three major Indian universities at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
2. Lord Litton (1876 - 1880)
Lord Litton introduced The Vernacular Press Act, to curb the freedom of Indian Press.
3. Lord Rippon (1880 - 1884)
Lord Rippon was known as the father of Local Self Government. He started census for the
first time in India in 1881.He abolished The Vernacular Press Act and introduced Illbert Bill.
4. Lord Curzon (1899 - 1904)
Lord Curzon was responsible for the partition of Bengal and Bengal was divided into East and
West Bengal in 1905. He passed Indian University Act in 1904 and also passed The Indian
Monuments Act.
5. Lord Minto (1905 -1910)
During his tenure there was great unrest in India because of the the Indian Council Act or the
Minto Morley reforms passed in 1909.
6. Lord Hardinge (1910 - 1916)
During his tenure a Durbar was held at Delhi in 1911 to greet the King of England, George V.
Bengal was unified and Delhi was made the capital in place of Calcutta in 1911.
7. Lord Chelmsford (1916 - 1921)
Under Lord Chelmsford, The Government of India Act of 1919, popularly know as MontagueChelmsford reform was passed. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13th April 1919.
Rowlatt Act, also called the Black Bill, was passed in 1919. The Non - Cooperation movement
started in the year 1919.
8. Lord Reading (1921 - 1925)
The visit of the Duke of Connaught and the Prince of Wales to India was boycotted under Lord Reading.
9. Lord Irwin (1926 - 1931)
During Lord Irwins reign, the Simon commission visited India in 1928. Civil Disobedience
movement was started in India by Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi - Irwin pact was signed in 1931. The
First Round Table Conference was held at London.
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10. Lord Willingdon (1931 - 1936)

Under Lord Willingdon, the second and third round table conferences were held at London. The
Poona pact was signed between Dr. B R Ambedker and Mahatma Gandhi.
11. Lord Linlithgow (1936 - 1943)
Under him elections were held for the first time in 11 Indian states. Congress ministries were
formed in eight out of 11 provisions but subsequently resigned because India was being dragged
into the Second World War.
12. Lord Wavell (1943 - 1947)
Under him the Cabinet Mission came to India from London. The first meeting of the Constituent
Assembly was held on 9th December, 1946.
13. Lord Mountbatten (March 13, 1947 to 14 August 1947)
Under him an act for Indian independence was passed by British Parliament. He was the last
British Governor General of independent India.
Presidents of Indian National Congress (Important Sessions)

Session No.
1
3
4
9
21
22
23
33
35
36
57
Year
1885
1887
1888
1893
1905
1906
1907
1917
1918
1919
1939
Place
Bombay
Madras
Allahabad
Lahore
Banaras
Kolkata
Surat
Kolkata
Delhi (Annual Session)
Amritsar
Tripura
President
W C Bannerjee
BadurddinTyabji
George Yule
Dadabhai Naoroji
G K Gokhale
Dadabhai Naoroji
Dr Rash Behari Ghosh
Mrs.Annie Besant
M M Malyviya
Lala Lajpat Rai
S C Bose
Important Milestones of Modern India

Event
Year
Related Facts
First War of Independence
1857
Mangal Pandey was a prominent figure. He killed

two British sepoys at Barrackpore.
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Government of India Act
1858
Direct governance of British Crown over India.
Formation of Indian National

Congress
1885
A. O. Hume was the founder. W.C. Banerjee was

the first president of Indian National Congress.
Partition of Bengal
1905
Bengal was divided on the basis of religion.
Swadeshi Movement
1905
Indian National Congress adopted a resolution on

7th August 1905 to boycott all foreign goods.
Formation of Muslim League
1906
Founded by Aga Khan and Salimuddin at Dhaka.
MorleyMinto Reforms
1909
Under these reforms, a separate electorate was

made for Muslims during the leadership of Lord
Minto.
Home Rule Movement
1915-16
Annie Besant started the movement in September

1916.
Lucknow Pact
1916
Congress and Muslim League held their sessions

at Lucknow, which strengthened the Hindu
Muslim unity.
Rowlatt Act
1919
It gave unstoppable powers to the government to

arrest and imprison suspects, without even having
a trial.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
1919
Because of firing, under the orders of General

O D yer, ma ny people wer e kil led, w hile
attending a public meeting at Jallianwala Bagh
in Amritsar.
Khilafat Movement
1920
This was an antiBritish movement started by two

brothers Shaukat and Muhammad Ali.
Non-Cooperation Movement
1920
Gandhiji pioneered the movement which included

the boycott of foreign goods a nd refusing
government work.
Simon Commission
1927
F o r a s s e s s i n g t h e e x t e n t of f o r mi n g a
representative government in India, Britishers
sent Simon Commission which was furiously
boycotted by Indians and Lala Lajpat Rai ( a
Prominent Indian leader) who died due to lathi
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c ha r g e i n a
commission.
pr o ce s s i on
a ga i ns t
the
Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)
1930
Gandhiji marched from his Sabarmati Ashram,

which was basically a form of protest against
t he t a x o n s a l t i mpos e d b y t he B r i t i s h
Government.
Government of India Act
1935
Passed on the basis of the Simon Commission

report, it envisa ged the structure of the
government under the direct governance of the
British Crown.
Quit India Movement
1942
Mahatma Gandhi led this movement and asked the

Britishers to leave India.
Cabinet Mission Plan
1946
This envisaged forming an interim government in

India
Formation of the Constituent
1946
Without the Muslim leagues participation under
Assembly
the Assembly predisency of Dr. Rajendra Prasad,

the Constituent Assembly was formed.
Partition of India
1947
Indian Independence Act of 1947 was responsible

for the partition of India.
Constitution Enforcement
1950
The Constitution came into force on 26 th Jan, 1950.
End of Chapter
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World Wars
Major Revolutions
The Great Depression
Chapter 2
History of The World
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THE WORLD WARS

World War I (Aug 14, 1914 to Nov 11, 1919)
Major Participants
1. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey formed a group known as the Central powers.
2 . England, France, Belgium and Serbia later joined by Russia and Italy, were known as the
Allied powers.
Causes of War
The First World War was a consequence of
1. Archduke of Austria, Francis Ferdinand was assassinated,
2. Austria initiated a war against Serbia, and
3. Russia mobilized its forces against Austria-Hungary.
Outcome
The Allied forces won the war, Treaty of Versailles was signed, which curbed the power of the
German Empire and led to the creation of many new countries in Eastern Europe.
World War II (1939 to 1945)

Major Participants
1. Allied Powers - Britain, Russia, USA, and France.
2. Axis Powers (central powers) - Germany, Italy and Japan.
Causes of War
The Second World War was a consequence of
1. Rise of the Nazi party in Germany.
2. Treaty of Versailles which was against Germany.
3. The expansion policy of Japan.
Outcome
The Allied forces won the war and Germany was divided into two parts. Russia and the US
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became the biggest powers in the World. The end of war led to the Cold War amongst the
industrialised countries.
The Cold War (1947-1991)

The Cold War refers to the period of geopolitical and economic struggle that emerged after the
World War II between the US and its allies and Russia and its allies. The phase lasted from
1947 till the division of erstwhile Soviet Union in 1991. This stage was referred to as the Cold
Wa r because members of both the blocs were faced with a fear of hostile attack from its
enemies. The era of cold war led to a large scale development of weapons including nuclear
weapons. It also led to economic warfare and trade embargoes between nations. Japan had
full support of the US and Russia supported all the erstwhile Soviet Union members. The war
finally came to an end in 1991 with the dissolution of Warsaw Pact which led to the division of
the Soviet Union.
MAJOR REVOLUTIONS
I. The Russian Revolution (1917)
The main cause of the Russian Revolution was the autocratic rule of the Czars. This revolution led
to the establishment of the rule of Lenin in Russia. In this way Russia became the first communist
state of the World.
II.French Revolution (1789 - 1793)

The autocratic rule of the king of France led the country to financial bankruptcy. The philosophers
and intellectuals inspired the people of France to change the face of the society. Liberty, Equality
and Fraternity became the slogan of the revolution. Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as a great
military general of France.
THE GREAT DEPRESSION

The worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted till the late 1930s. It was the most
severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized economies of the West, which brought about
drastic changes in economic institutions, macroeconomic policies, and economic theory. The depression
started in the United States, but caused drastic decline in output, severe unemployment, and acute
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deflation in almost every country of the world. The social and cultural effects of the downturn were no
less staggering, especially in the United States, where the harshest effects of the depression were felt
after the Civil War.
The worst hit were the United States and Europe while milder impacts of the depression were felt in
Asia, especially Japan and the South Americas.
The worst depression faced by the World economy was a consequence of decline in consumer demand,
financial panic, and misguided government policies that caused economic output to fall in the United
States. The gold standard, which was used to fix currency exchange rates between the countries,
played a key role in transmitting the economic downturn to countries other than the United States. The
recovery from the Great Depression was spurred largely by the abandonment of the gold standard and
the ensuing monetary expansion. The economic impact of the Great Depression was enormous, including
both extreme human suffering and profound changes in economic policy .
End of Chapter
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The Structure of the Earth
The Shape and Composition of the Earth
The Internal Structure of the Earth
Important Geographical Terms
Chapter 3
Structure of the Earth
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THE EARTH
Earth is the third planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth largest in
size. It is also the largest amongst its planetary systems terrestrial planets, making it the largest solid
body in the solar system, and it is the only planet in the universe known to support life. The Earth was
formed around 4.57 billion years ago and its largest natural satellite, the Moon, was orbiting it shortly
thereafter, around 4.533 billion years ago.
Since its formation, the Earth has changed through geological and biological processes that have
hidden traces of the original conditions. The outer space is divided into several tectonic plates that
gradually migrate across the surface over geologic time spans. The interior of the planet remains
active, with a thick layer of convecting yet solid Earth mantle and an iron core that generates a magnetic
field. The atmospheric conditions have been significantly altered by the presence of life forms, which
create an ecological balance that modifies the surface conditions. About 71% of the surface is covered
in water in the form of oceans, seas, and other water bodies and the remainder majorly consists of land
masses in the form of continents and islands.
There is significant interaction between the Earth and its space environment. The relatively
large moon leads to ocean tides and has gradually modified the length of the planets rotation
period. A cometary bombardment during the early history of the planet is believed to have
played a role in the formation of the oceans. Later, asteriod impacts are understood to have
caused significant changes to the surface environment. The changes in the orbit of the planet
are also attributed to the ice age, in which significant portions of the surface were covered in
glacial sheets.
THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH

The Earths shape is that of an oblate spheroid, with an average diameter of approximately 12,742 km
(~ 40,000 km / ). The rotation of the Earth causes the equator to bulge out slightly so that the equatorial
diameter is 43 km larger than the pole to pole diameter.
THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98 10 24 kg. Most of it forms iron (35.1%), oxygen
(28.2%), silicon (17.2%), magnesium (15.9%), nickel (1.6%), calcium (1.6%) and
aluminum (1.5%).
THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

The interior of the Earth, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into layers. The
Earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less
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viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. The geologic component layers of the Earth are at the
following depths below the surface :
Depth ( Kilometers)
Layer
035
Crust (locally varies between and 70 km)
3560
Uppermost part of the Mantle
352890
Mantle
28905100
Outer Core
51006378
Inner Core
1. Earths Hydrosphere
The abundance of water on Earth is a unique feature that distinguishes The Blue Planet from the
other planets in the Solar System. Approximately, 71% of the Earth is covered by water and only
29% is solid land.
The Earths hydrosphere mainly consists of oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in
the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters. The average depth of the
oceans is 3,794 m (12,447 ft), more than five times the average height of the continents.
2. Earths Atmosphere
The Earths atmosphere has no definite boundary, and is slowly becoming thinner and fading into
outer space. Three-quarters of the atmospheres mass is contained within the first 11 kms of the
planets surface. This lowest layer is called the Troposphere. Further up, the atmosphere is usually
divided into the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere. An important part of the atmosphere
for life on Earth is the Ozone layer.
The atmospheric pressure on the surface of the Earth averages at 101.325 KPa (Kilo Pascal), with
a scale height of about 6 kms. Its composition is 78.09 % nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon
and 0.03% minor gases and vapors. The atmosphere protects the Earths life forms by absorbing
ultraviolet solar radiation, moderating temperature, transporting water vapor, and providing useful
gases. The atmosphere is one of the principal components determining weather and climate.
The Atmospheric Layers

1. Troposphere - The Troposphere is the lowermost portion of the Earths atmosphere extending
up to a height of 15 kms (at tropics) and 8 kms (at poles). It is the densest layer of the
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atmosphere and contains approximately 75% of the mass of the atmosphere and almost all the
water vapor and particulate matter. The Troposphere is the most turbulent part of the atmosphere
and is that part of the atmosphere in which most weather phenomena are seen. The Troposphere
extends from the Earths surface up to the tropopause where the Stratosphere begins.
2. Stratosphere - The Stratosphere is situated between about 10 kms and 50 kms above
surface at tropics, while at the poles it starts at a height of about 8 kms. The Stratosphere sits
directly above the Troposphere and directly below the Mesosphere.The Stratosphere is layered
in temperature because it is heated from above by absorption of ultraviolet radiation from the
Sun. Within this layer, the temperature increases as the altitude increases; the top of the
Stratosphere has a temperature of about 270 Kelvin; about the same as the ground level
temperature. This top is called the Stratopause, above which temperature again decreases
with height.
3. Mesosphere - The Mesosphere is directly above the Stratosphere and directly below the
Ionosphere. The Mesosphere is located about 50-80 kms above the Earths surface. Within this
layer, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude. Since it lies between the maximum altitude
for most aircrafts and the minimum altitude for most spacecrafts, this region of the atmosphere is
only directly accessible through the use of sounding rockets. As a result, this region is one of the
most poorly understood in the atmosphere.
4. Ionosphere This layer lies between the Mesosphere and the outermost layer of the atmosphere,
the Exosphere. It extends from 80-500 kms above the earths surface. The middle layer of the
region is called Thermosphere where the temperature is above 100 degress celcius. Within this
layer, the ultraviolet radiation causes ionization.
5. Exosphere - The Exosphere is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere. On Earth, its
lower boundary (exobase), at the edge of the thermosphere is estimated to be 500-1000
kms above the Earths surface, and its upper boundary at about 10,000 kms. It is only from
the Exosphere that the atmospheric gases, atoms, and molecules can, to any appreciable
extent, escape into outer space. The main gases within the Exosphere are the lightest gases,
mainly hydrogen and helium, with some oxygen near the exobase. The atmosphere in this
layer is sufficiently rarefied for satellites to orbit the Earth, although they still receive some
atmospheric drag.
KINDS OF ROCKS
Rocks are naturally occuring aggregate of minerals. The Earths crust and mantle are formed of
rocks. The study of rocks is called Petrology. Rocks are classified by their mineral and chemical
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composition, texture of the constituent particles and the process by which they are formed.
The transformation of one rock type to another through geographical process is ca lled the
Rock Cycle.
Types of Rocks
i. Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are formed when the molten magma or lava slowly cools and
crystallises within the Earths crust. Examples of the Igneous rock are granite,basalt, etc.
ii. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of organic and nonorganic matter over a period of time. The process of deposition is called sedimentation. Commonly
known sedimentary rocks are coal, limestone, sandstone etc.
iii.Metamorphic Rocks Pressure and change in temprature under the Earths surface cause
Igneous and Sedimentary rocks to undergo change. This change leads to the formation of
Metamorphic Rocks.
IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS

i. Latitude and Longitude - In order to locate a point on the face of the earth, we look at the
latitude and the longitude of the point. The latitude of a place is its angular distance, north or south
of the Equator as measured from the centre of the Earth. Latitudes are, therefore, lines drawn
parallel to the Equator which represents 0 degree latitude. They are marked up to 90 degrees to the
North and to the South of the Equator.
The longitudes show the angular distance of a point East or West of the Prime Meridian, which is
at 0 degrees passing through Greenwich near London. The meridians or longitudes are drawn,
joining the two poles through 360 divisions of the Equator. They are 180 degrees to the East and
180 degrees to the West of Greenwich.
Longitude is represented by imaginary lines extending from pole to pole and crossing all parallels
at right angles. These lines are called Meridians. They are farthest apart at the Equator, becoming
increasingly close together northward and southward and finally converging completely at the
poles. Among the latitudes, only the Equator is a great circle.
An imaginary line drawn through the centre of the Earth from the North Pole to South Pole is
called the Earths axis. The axis of the Earth is always tilted at an angle of 66 to the plane of the
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ecliptic. The actual plane of the Earths movement around the Sun in space is called the plane of
ecliptic. The seasons occur because the earth is tilted with respect to the plane of the ecliptic. An
imaginary plane that passes through the Earth half-way between the poles and is perpendicular to
the axis of rotation is the plane of the Equator.
Some lines of latitude have significance. For example, the latitude of 0 degree is called the Equator,
while those of 23 1/2 degrees North and South of the Equator, are known as the Tropics of
Cancer and Capricorn, respectively . Similarly are the Arctic and the Antarctic circles, with latitudes
of 66 1/2 degrees North and South of the Equator respectively.
Earths axis is an imaginary line, which passes through the centre of the Earth. It spins round its
axis, which is always inclined at an angle of 66 degrees to the plane of Earths orbit.
ii. International Date Line It is the line that passes through 180 degrees East or West
meridian of longitude which falls on the opposite side of the Greenwich meridian. One day is
added when this line is crossed East to West and a day is deducted when the line passes West
to East.
iii.Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) GMT refers to the 0 degree longitude that passes through
Greenwich near London.
iv. Indian Standard Time (IST) - IST refers to the 82 1/2 degree longitude that passes through
Allahabad and is 5 1/2 hours ahead of the GMT.
v. Solstice - It is the date on which the Sun shines vertically over a tropic when the days &
nights are the longest & the shortest. On the 22nd of June the sun shines vertically over the
Tropic of Cancer & this date is termed as Summer Solstice for the Northern Hemisphere & Winter
Solstice for the Southern Hemisphere. Similarly, on December 22nd, the Sun shines vertically
over the Tropic of Capricorn. Hence it is Summer Solstice for Southern Hemisphere & Winter
Solstice for the Northern Hemisphere.
vi. Equinox - It means two days during the year when the day & night are almost equal throughout
the World because the Sun shines vertically over the Equator. March 21st is called the Vernal
Equinox & September 23rd is called the Autumnal Equinox.
vii. Equator - The Equator represents the imaginary line passing around the Earth midway between
the North & South poles. It divides the Earth into two equal parts.
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viii. Meridians - They represent the imaginary lines drawn out on the global map from pole to
pole & perpendicular to the Equator. Prime Meridian is the 0 degree meridian, which passes
through Greenwich, a place near London.
ix. Aphelion - Aphelion refers to that position of the Earth in its orbit, when it is at the greatest
distance from the Sun (about 152 million kms). The Earth reaches this position during the northern
summer. This term also refers to the position of any other planet or a comet, when it is at its
greatest distance from the Sun.
x. Perihelion - Perihelion refers to the nearest point of a heavenly body in its orbit around the
Sun. The Earth at perihelion is at a distance of about 147 million kms from the Sun.
xi. Apogee - Apogee refers to the position of the orbit of the moon when it is at its greatest
distance from Earth. This is approximately 406,000 kms for the Earth.
xii. Perigee - Perigee refers to the point of the moon when it is at its minimum distance from the
Earth. This distance is approximately 364,000 kms.
xiii. Cyclone - Any area of low pressure around which the air turns in the same direction as the
Earth is a cyclone. In the Indian Ocean, a tropical storm with masses of air turning rapidly round
a low pressure area is called a tropical cyclone.
xiv. Typhoon - It is the name given to a tropical cyclone in the Far East.
xv. Hurricane - It is a tropical storm in the Caribbean or West Pacific Ocean, with extremely
strong winds. The wind force reaches 12 on the Beaufort scale.
xvi. Tornado - It is a type of whirlwind which is formed by rising air currents associated with
large cumulonimbus clouds. It rotates in an anticlockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere
and in a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.
xvii. Estuary - It is the tidal mouth of a river where the salt water of the tide meets the fresh
water of the river current.
xviii. Isobars - Lines on the map denoting places experiencing equal pressure.
xix. Isobaths - Lines denoting equal depths in the Sea.
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xx. Isobronts - Lines joining places experiencing a thunderstorm at the same time.
xxi. Isochrones - Lines joining places located at equal travel time from a common centre.
xxii. Isogonics - Lines joining places with the same magnetic declination.
xxiii. Isorymes - Lines denoting places experiencing equal frost.

xxiv. Isoseismics - Lines denoting places experiencing equal seismic activity.
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India at a glance
Indian Agriculture
Major Rivers of India
Indias Mineral Wealth
Major Industries and Industrial Regions
Important Monuments and Historical Sites
States/Union Territories and Capital
Chapter 4
Geography of India
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INDIA AT A GLANCE
India, the seventh largest country of the world, accounts for about 2.4% of the total world area. It is bounded
by the great Himalayas and other snowy mountains in the north. The country stretches southwards and at the
Tropic of Cancer, narrows down and ends into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal on the East and
the Arabian Sea on the West.
Location
India lies on the Northern Hemisphere between parallels of latitude 37 o6 and 8o4 North and between the
Meridians of longitude 68o7 E and 97o25 East.
Dimensions
The land area covered by Indian mainland is 32, 87,780 Sq Kms. It measures about 3214 Kms from North to
South and 2933 Kms from East to West. The length of the Indian coastline is 7615 Kms. It is bounded by
Arabian Sea in the West, the Indian Ocean in the South and the Bay of Bengal in the East. The coastline of
India is not indented and the sea on the coast is not very deep. The Western coast is rocky while the Eastern
coast is shallow. Therefore, India does not have many good harbours. Only Mumbai and Goa are natural
harbours while all the other are artificial.
Population
India is the second largest country in the World in terms of population. According to the 2001 census, the
population of India was about 10270 crore (16.87% of the World population). The number of males in 2001
was 53.13 crore while the number of females was 49.57 crore. The density of population in India is about 324
persons per square km. The life expectancy is 64 years and the present literacy rate in 2005 was 65.38 percent.
Neighbours
To the North of the country lie China, Nepal, Bhutan and Afghanistan, in the East the country is surrounded
by Myanmar and Bangladesh. Towards the West of India lies Pakistan and in the South, the Indian mainland
is surrounded by Sri Lanka.
INDIAN AGRICULTURE
India primarily has an agrarian economy. About 2/3rd of the population is engaged in agricuture and it provides
livelihood to about 54 percent of the population. About 47 percent of the total land area in India is under
agricultural cultivation. It is also the largest contributor to the national income, and contributes 26 percent to
the national income.
Major Soil Types

The major types of soil found in India are
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i. Alluvial Soil Alluvial soil is formed due the deposition of particles such as silt, gravel and sand by
the rivers in the plains. It is the most fertile soil form found in India and is generally found in regions of
UP, Punjab, Bihar, Haryana and parts of West Bengal. This soil type facilitates the cultivation of cereals,
pulses, sugarcane and wheat.
ii. Black Soil - Also known as the cotton soil, this soil type is rich in iron, lime and alluminium. It
covers 30 percent of the total area of the country. Black soil is generally found in Madhya Pradesh,
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and facilitates the cultivation of cotton, wheat,
oil seeds and tobacco.
iii. Red Soil This soil is red in colour because of the presence of Iron oxides. It is mainly found in
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Orissa and Chattisgarh and facilitates the cultivation of wheat, millets,
potato and chillies.
iv. Laterite Soil Laterite soil is highly leached and the least fertile soil type found in India. It is mainly
found in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and facilitates the cultivation of tea, coffee, and cashewnut.
RIVERS OF INDIA
There are four major river routes found in India. These are
1) Himalayan Rivers The Himalayan Rivers are snow fed and have water throughout the year.
During monsoon heavy rainfall in the Himalayan region causes frequent floods in these rivers. The
major Himalayan rivers are
The Indus and its tributaries- Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.
The Ganges and its tributaries- Yamuna, Chambal, Betwa, Sone, Ghagra, Gandak, Gomti etc.
Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
2) Peninsular Rivers - The Peninsular rivers are only rain fed and fluctuate in volume and a large
number of streams dry up after monsoon. The major peninsular rivers are
Mahanadi
Krishna
Kaveri
Godavri
Narmada
Tapi (also known as Tapti)
3) Coastal Rivers - The coastal rivers, especially on the West Coast, are short and have limited catchment
areas. Most of these are non-perennial as well. River Periyar, Mithi River and River Mandovi are major
coastal rivers of India.
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4) Rivers of the inland drainage basin - The rivers on the inland drainage basin consists of those in
Western Rajasthan which are very few and short lived, like the Sambhar, which is lost in the desert
sands, and the Loni that drains into the Rann of Kutch.
Major River Projects

Name of the Project
River
Bhakra Nangal Project
Satluj
Damodar Valley Project
Damodar
Farakka Barrage Project
Ganga
Hirakund Dam Project
Mahanadi
Nagarjunasagar Project
Krishna
Tehri Dam Project
Bhilangana, Bhagirathi
INDIAS MINERAL WEALTH

India as a country is not one of the richest in the world but it does have certain basic and useful minerals such
as iron and coal. India is very rich in iron, coal, aluminium, limestone, manganese, titanium, thorium and mica
but does not have large reserves of mineral oil, sulphur, lead and tin.
India is the largest producer of mica blocks and mica splittings, ranks third in the production
of coal, fourth in iron ore, sixth in bauxite & manganese ore, tenth in aluminium and eleventh in
crude steel.
1. Iron
Ranked fourth in the world in iron ore production, India has almost one-fourth of the worlds iron ore
reserves. Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa are major iron
bearing areas. Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Keonjhar, Bonai and Mayurbhanj (all Orissa) are areas with
richest iron deposits in the world. The major iron ore mines are at Chanda, Bastar and Durg districts
in Chhattisgarh.
2. Manganese
Ranked sixth in the world for production of manganese, India is a major exporter of manganese and
possesses one-third of the worlds reserves. It is an important mineral used for the production of steel.
A major portion of the deposits is found in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and
Jammu & Kashmir.
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3. Mica
Indias is the worlds largest producer of Mica. The majority of this product (almost 60%) comes
from Jharkhand. Apart from Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are the major producers of
Mica in the country. Since the domestic consumption is not very large most of the Mica produce
is exported.
4. Coal
Ranked third in the production of coal, 80 per cent of the coal is extracted from the mines in West
Bengal and Jharkhand. Huge coal reserves exist in Rani Ganj (West Bengal) and Jharia (Jharkhand).
Other coal bearing areas are in Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
5. Bauxite
Bauxite is an aluminium ore which is mainly found in Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Andhra
Pradesh and Gujarat. These are also the largest aluminium producing areas of the country.
Major Indian Industries and Industrial Regions

Aircraft - Bangalore and Kanpur.
Cement - Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and
Tamil Nadu.
Cotton Textile - Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Glass - Firozabad, Jabalpur, Amritsar, Ambala, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
Jute - West Bengal
Leather - Kanpur, Batanagar, Dighaghat, Deonar, Chembur, Chennai, Agra, Coimbatore and Bangalore.
Paper - Nepanagar, Pune, Saharanpur, Orissa, and Mumbai.
Rail Engine and Coaches - Chittaranjan Locomotives Works at Chittaranjan, Diesel
Locomotives at Varanasi, Rail Coaches at Integral Coach Factory at Perambur and Rail Coach
Factory at Kapurthala.
Silk - Karnataka, West Bengal and Jammu and Kashmir.
Sugar - Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Tamil Nadu.
IMPORTANT MONUMENTS/HISTORICAL SITES

Historical Site / Monument
Location
Ajanta Caves
Aurangabad
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Anand Bhawan
Allahabad
Buland Darwaza
Fatehpur Sikri near Agra
Char Minar
Hyderabad
Dilwara Temples
Mount Abu
Elephanta Caves
Mumbai
Ellora Temples
Aurangabad
Gol Gumbaz
Bijapur
Golden temple
Amritsar
Jama Masjid
Delhi
Kanyakumari
Tamil Nadu
Khajuraho
Bhopal
Meenakshi Temple
Madurai
Sabarmati
Ahmedabad
Sanchi Stupa
Madhya Pradesh
Shantiniketan
Kolkata
Sarnath
Varanasi
Victoria Memorial
Kolkata
INDIAN STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES

States/Union Territories
Capital
Since
Former Capital
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Port Blair
1956
Arunachal Pradesh
Itanagar
1972
Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad
1956
Assam
Guwahati
1972
Shillong (1874-1972)
Bihar
Patna
1936
Chhattisgarh
Raipur
2000
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Chandigarh
Chandigarh
1966
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Silvassa
1961
Daman and Diu
Daman
1987
Delhi (NCT)
Delhi
1956
Goa
Panaji
1961
Gujarat
Gandhinagar
1970
Ahmedabad (1960-1970)
Haryana
Chandigarh
1966
Himachal Pradesh
Shimla
1948
Jammu and Kashmir
Srinagar (Summer)
1948
Jammu (Winter)
Jharkhand
Ranchi
2000
Karnataka
Bengaluru
1956
Kerala
Thiruvananthapuram
1956
Kochi (1949-1956)
Lakshadweep
Kavaratti
1956
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
1956
Maharashtra
Mumbai
1960
Manipur
Imphal
1947
Meghalaya
Shillong
1970
Mizoram
Aizawl
1972
Nagaland
Kohima
1963
Orissa
Bhubaneshwar
1948
Cuttack (1936-1948)
Puducherry
Puducherry
1954
Punjab
Chandigarh
1966
Lahore (1936-1947)
Shimla (1947-1966)
Rajasthan
Jaipur
1948
Sikkim
Gangtok
1975
Tamil Nadu
Chennai
1956
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Tripura
Agartala
1956
Uttaranchal
Dehradun
2000
Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow
1937
West Bengal
Kolkata
1905
End of Chapter
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Continents of the World
The Largest and the Smallest
countries of the World
Seas and Oceans
Peaks of the World
Least and Most populous countries of
the World
Countries, Capitals and Currenncies
Countries and Parliaments

National Emblems of Countries
New Names of Countries, State and
Cities
Sobriquets
Famous International Boundaries
International Days
Chapter 5
Geography of the World
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CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD

Continents
Size
(Mn. Sq
km)
Africa
30
877.5
53
Mt. Kilimanjaro
Nile,
6825 km
Sudan, 2.37
Antarctica
13.2
Vinson Massif
Asia
44.5
3879
44
Mt. Everest
Chang Jiang
(Yangtze),
6380 km
China, 9.32
Australia /
Oceania
7.7
32
14
Puncak Jaya
Murray,
3370 km
Australia, 7.6
Europe
9.9
727
46
Mt. Elbrus
Volga,
3690 km
Russia, 17.07
North
America
24.2
501.5
23
Mt. McKinley
Mississippi,
5971 km
Canada, 9.33
South
America
17.8
379.5
12
Mt. Aconcagua
Amazon,
6437 km
Brazil, 8.45
Population Number of
(millions) Countries
Tallest
Mountain
Largest
Major River Country (Area
Mn. Sq km)
THE LARGEST AND SMALLEST COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

The 10 Largest Countries
Country
Area (Mn. Sq km)
Continent
Russia
Canada
China
USA
Brazil
Australia
17.09
9.97
9.64
9.62
8.51
7.74
Europe
North America
Asia
North America
South America
Australia/Oceania
India
3.16
Asia
Argentina
Kazakhstan
2.78
2.72
South America
Asia
Sudan
2.50
Africa
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The 10 Smallest Countries

Country
Vatican City
Area (Sq km)

0.44
Continent
Europe
Monaco
Nauru
Tuvalu
San Marino
1.95
21.2
26
61
Europe
Oceania
Oceania
Europe
Liechtenstein
160
Europe
Marshall Islands
181
Oceania
St. Kitts and Nevis
261
North America
Maldives
298
Asia
Malta
316
Europe
THE SEAS OF THE WORLD

The 10 largest seas of the World and the area covered by them
Sea
South China Sea
Area (Mn. Sq km)

2.97
Caribbean Sea
2.515
Mediterranean Sea
2.512
Bering Sea
2.26
Gulf of Mexico
1.5
Sea of Okhotsk
1.39
Sea of Japan
1.01
Hudson Bay
0.73
East China Sea
0.66
Andaman Sea
0.56
The worlds largest salt water lake, which can be called an Inland sea, is Russias Caspian Sea. It
has an area of 372,000 Sq. Km.
The largest fresh water lake is Lake Superior, Canada, with an area of 82,100 Sq Km.
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THE OCEANS OF THE WORLD

The 5 largest oceans of the World are
Oceans
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Size (Mn.Sq km)

155
76.7
68.55
20.32
14.05
THE PEAKS OF THE WORLD

The Tibetan name for Mt. Everest is Chomolungma, which means Goddess mother of the world.
The 10 highest peaks of the World, all of which are in the Himalayas, are as follows
Peaks
Everest
K2 (Godwin Austen)
Kanchenjunga
Lhotse
Yalung Kang
Makalu
Dhaulagiri
Mansalu
Cho Oyu
Nanga Parbat
Height (in meters)

8848
8611
8598
8511
8502
8481
8172
8156
8153
8126
THE LEAST AND MOST POPULOUS COUNTRIES OF

THE WORLD
Most Populous Countries
Country
China
India
USA
Indonesia
Brazil
38
Population (in millions)

1306.3
1080.2
295.7
241.9
186.1
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Pakistan
Bangladesh
Russia
Nigeria
Japan
162.4
144.3
143.4
128.7
127.4
Smallest Countries
Country
Vatican City
Tuvalu
Nauru
Palau
San Marino
Monaco
Liechtenstein
St. Kitts
Marshall Islands
Antigua & Barbuda
Population (Numbers)
920
11640
13050
20300
28880
32410
33720
38960
59070
68720
COUNTRIES, CAPITALS AND CURRENCIES

Country
Afganishtan
Albania
Algeria
Principality of An Dorra
Angola
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Capital
Kabul
Tirana
Algiers
Andorra La Vieille
Luanda
Buenos Aires
Canberra
Vienna
Manama
Dhaka
Bridgetown
Brussels
Currency
Afghani
Lek
Dinar
Franc
Kwanza
Peso
Australian Dollar
Schilling
Bahraini Dinar
Taka
Barbados Dollar
Euro
Belize
Belmopan
Belize Dollar
Benin
Porto Novo
Bhutan
Thimphu
Franc
Ngultrum (fixed at par
with Indian rupee)
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Bolivia
Botswana
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Central African
Republic (CAR)
Chad
Chile
La paz
Gaborone
Brasilia
Sofia
Bujumbura
Phnom-Penh
Yaounde
Ottawa
The Boliviano
Pula
Real
Lev
Burundi Franc
Riel
CFA Franc
Dollar
Bangui
CFA Franc
NDjamena
Santiago
CFA Franc
Peso
China
Beijing
Renmimbi (Yuan)
Colombia
Bogota
Colombian Peso
Congo
Kinshasa
Congolese Franc
Costa Rica
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
The Gambia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
San Jose
Havana
Nicosia
Prague
Copenhagen
Djibouti
Santo Domingo
Quito
Cairo
San Salvador
Malabo
Addis Ababa
Suva
Helsinki
Paris
Liberville
Banjul
Berlin
Accra
Athens
St. Georges
Guatemala City
Costan Rican Colon

Peso
Cyprun Pound
The Koruna
Danish Krone
Djibouti Franc
Peso
US Dollar and Sucre
Egyptian Pound
Colon
CFA Franc
Birr
Dollar
Euro
Euro
CFA Franc
Dalasi
Euro
Cedi
Euro
East Carribean Dollar
Quetzal
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Guyana
Georgetown
Guyana Dollar
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kenya
Korea (North)
Korea (South)
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Libya
Malaysia
Malawi
Maldives
Mauritius
Mongolia
Myanmar (Burma)
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Peru
Philippines
Tegucigalpa
Victoria HK
Budapest
Reykjavik
New Delhi
Jakarta
Teheran
Baghdad
Dublin
Jerusalem
Rome
Kingston
Tokyo
Amman
Nairobi
Pyongyang
Seoul
Kuwait City
Vientiane
Beirut
Tripoli
Kuala Lumpur
Lilongwe
Male
Port Louis
Ulan Bartor
Yangon
Windhoek
Kathmandu
Amsterdam
Wellington
Abuja
Oslo
Muscat
Islamabad
Lima
Manila
Lempira
Dollar
Forint
Krona
Rupee
Rupiah
Rial
Iraqi Dinar
Euro
New Shekel
Euro
Dollar
Yen
Dinar
Shilling
Won
Won
Kuwaiti Dinar
Kip
Pound
Libyan Dinar
Ringgit
Kwacha
Rufiya
Maurituan Rupee
Tugrik
Kyat
Dollar
Nepalese Rupee
Euro
NZ Dollar
Naira
Krone
Rial
Rupees
New Sol
Peso
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Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Seychelles
Singapore
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tanzania
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
(UAE)
United Kingdom (UK)
United States of
America
Uruguay
Venezuela
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
42
Warsaw
Lisbon
San Juan
Doha
Bucharest
Moscow
Kigali
Riyadh (Royal),
Jeddah (Administrative)
Victoria
Singapore City
Pretoria
(Administrative),
Cape Town (Legislative)
Madrid
Colombo
Khartoum
Stockholm
Berne
Damascus
Taipei
Dodoma
Bangkok
Tunis
Ankara
Kampala
Zloty
Euro
US Dollar
Riyal (QAR)
Leu
Rouble
Franc
Euro
Rupee
Dinar
Krona
Franc
Syrian Pound
New Taiwan Dollar
Shilling
Baht
Dinar
Turkish Lira
Uganda Shilling
Abu Dhabi
Dirham
London
Pound Sterling
Washington D.C.
Dollar
Montevideo
Caracas
Sanaa
Lusaka
Harare
Peso
Bolivar
Rial
Kwacha
Dollar
Rial
Rupee
Singapore Dollar
Rand
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COUNTRIES AND THEIR PARLIAMENTS

Country
Name of Parliament
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Bulgaria
Myanmar (Burma)
Denmark
Ethiopia
Finland
Germany
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
The Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Russia
Spain
Surinam
Swaziland
Shora
Jatiya Sangsad
Tsongdu
Narodna Subranie
Pyithu Hluttaw
Folketing
Shergo
Eduskusta
Bundestag (Lower House)
Bundestag (Upper House)
Landstraad
Althing
Lok Sabha (Lower House)
Rajya Sabha (Upper House)
Majlis
Majlis
Knesset
Diet
Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara
Majlis
Great Peoples Khural
National Panchayat
The Staten General
Storting
Sejm
Duma
Cortes
Staten
Liblandla
Sweden
Riksdaq
Switzerland
Federal Assembly
Greenland
Iceland
India
NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF COUNTIRES

Country
Emblem
Australia
Canada
Kangaroo
Maple Tree
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Denmark
Beach
France
Germany
Lily
Corn Flower
India
Lion Capital
Iran
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Pakistan
Spain
United Kingdom
USA
Rose
Shamrock
White Lily
Chrysanthemum
Crescent
Eagle
Rose
Golden Rod
NEW NAMES OF COUNTRIES AND STATES

Old Name
New Name
Abyssinia
Ethiopia
Angora
Ankara
Batavia
Jakarta
Burma
Myanmar
Cape Canaveral
Cape Kennedy
Ceylon
Sri Lanka
Christina
Oslo
Congo
Zaire
Constantinople
Istanbul
Dacca
Dhaka
Dutch East Indies
Indonesia
East Pakistan
Bangladesh
Egypt
United Arab Republic of Egypt
Ellice Island
Tuvalu
Formosa
Taiwan
French West Africa
Mali
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Gold Coast
Ghana
Holland
The Netherlands
Kampuchea
Cambodia
Leopoldville
Kinshasa
Malaya
Malaysia
Mesopotamia
Iraq
Nippon
Japan
Northern Rhodesia
Zambia
Peking
Beijing
Petrograd
Leningrad
Persia
Iran
Rangoon
Yangon
Southern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe
Saigon
Ho Chi Minh City
Salisbury
Harare
Sandwich Island
Hawaiian Islands
Siam
Thailand
South West Africa
Namibia
Stalingrad
Volgograd
Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Tanzania
Trucial Oman
United Arab Emirates
SOBRIQUETS
Distinctive Name
Country/Town/Port/River
Britain of the South
New Zealand
The Battlefield of Europe
Belgium
City of the Golden Gate
San Francisco
City of Magnificent Distances
Washington D.C.
City of Popes
Rome
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City of Seven Hills
Rome
City of Skyscrapers
New York
Cockpit of Europe
Belgium
Dark Continent
Africa
Dairy of Northern Europe
Denmark
Emerald Island
Ireland
Empire City
New York
Eternal City
Rome, Italy
Forbidden City
Lhasa (Tibet)
Garden of England
Kent
Granite City
Aberdeen (Scotland)
Gift of Nile
Egypt
Herring Pond
Atlantic Ocean
Hermit Kingdom
Korea
Holy land
Palestine
Island of Cloves
Madagascar
Island of Pearls
Bahrain
The Isle of Spring
Jamaica
Key to the Mediterranean
Gibraltar
Land of the Golden Pagoda
Myanmar (Burma)
Land of Kangaroos
Australia
Land of Lilies
Canada
Land of the Midnight Sun
Norway
Land of Morning Calm
Korea
Land of the Rising Sun
Japan
Land of a Thousand Lakes
Finland
Land of Thunderbolt
Bhutan
Land of White Elephants
Thailand
Little Venice
Venezuela
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Playground of Europe
Switzerland
Queen of the Adriatic
Venice
Rich Port
Puerto Rico
Roof of the World
Pamir (Tibet)
Sorrow of China
River Hwang Ho
The Saw Mill of Europe
Sweden
Sick Man of Europe
Turkey
Sugar Bowl of the World
Cuba
The Down Under
Australia
Venice of the North
Stockholm
Venice of the East
Bangkok
Yellow River
Hawang Ho (China)
White City
Belgrade
Windy City
Chicago
City of the Arabian Nights
Baghdad
The Imperial City
Rome
IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES

Durand Line
Boundary between India & Afghanistan.
Hindenburg Line
Boundary between Germany & Poland.
McMohan Line
Boundary between China & India.
Maginot Line
Boundary between France & Germany.
Radcliffe Line
Boundary between India & Pakistan.
17th parallel
Defined the boundary between North Vietnam & South Vietnam

before the two were united.
38th parallel
Boundary line between North Korea & South Korea.
49th parallel
Boundary line between USA & Canada.
Siegfried Line
The line between Germany and France
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International Days
International Customs Days
World Leprosy Day
International Womens Day
World Disabled day
World Health Day
Earth day
International Labor Day
Mothers Day
World Red Cross Day
World Telecommunication Day
Commonwealth Day
Anti Tobacco Day
World Environment Day
World Diabetes Day
World Population Day
World Peace Day (Hiroshima day)
Nagasaki Day
International Literacy Day
World Tourism Day
World Postal Day
World Food Day
U.N. Day
World AIDS day
Human Rights Day
January 26
January 30
March 8
March 15
April 7
April 22
May 1
May (2nd Sunday)
May 8
May 17
May 24
May 31
June 5
June 27
July 11
August 6
August 9
September 8
September 27
October 9
October 16
October 24
December 1
December 10
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The India Constitution
Indian Legislature
Indian Judiciary
Indian Defence
Chapter 6
Civics
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THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Salient Features
1. The Constituent Assembly was formed by the order of The Cabinet Mission in 1946.
2. Sachida Prasad Sinha was the temporary President of the Constituent Assembly.
3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.
4. Dr. B.R. Ambedker was the chairman of the Drafting Committee.
5. B.N. Rao was the legal advisor of the Constituent Assembly.
6. The Constituent Assembly took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to prepare the largest written
constitution in the World.
7. Rs. 64 lakhs were spent on the making of the Constitution.
8. The original Constitution consisted of 22 parts, 395 articles but at present it has 22 parts, 444
articles and 12 schedules.
9. It was adopted by the Government of India on the 26 th of November, 1949.
10.
It was enforced by the Government of India on the 26 th of January, 1950.
Fundamental Rights
1. Part III (Articles 12 - 35) of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights.
2. Originally, seven Fundamental Rights were listed, but after the 44 th Amendment, only six
Fundamental Rights are existent. These are
a) Right to Equality (14 - 18)
b) Right to freedom of speech (19)
c) Right against Exploitation (23-24)
d) Right to freedom of Religion (25-28)
e) Culture and Educational Right (29-30)
f) Right to Constitutional Remedies (32-33)
3. Right to Property used to be a Fundamental Right but after the 44 th Amendment it became a
legal right.
Fundamental Duties
Article (51-A) included in the Constitution in the 42 nd Amendment, lays down 10 Fundamental Duties
that citizens have towards the state. These are:
a) To abide by the Constitution, show respect to the National Flag and the National Anthem.
b) To follow the noble ideas of the freedom struggle.
c) To protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
d) To defend ones country.
e) To promote common brotherhood and establish dignity of women.
f) To preserve our heritage and culture.
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g)
h)
i)
j)
To
To
To
To
protect the natural environment.

develop a scientific temper.
safeguard public property.
strive for excellence in all spheres of activity.
Kinds of Bills
i. Ordinary Bill - An ordinary bill can be introduced in either of the Houses and can be passed by
a simple majority in both the Houses. In case of a deadlock a joint sitting of both the houses is
possible.
ii. Money Bill (Article 110) A money bill is concerned with taxation and government spending.
It can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha after prior recommendation of the President. Speaker
of the Lok Sabha is the deciding authority whether the introduced bill is a Money bill or not.
iii. Financial Bill - A bill which is related with revenue and expenditure of the government but is
not a money bill is a financial bill.
iv. Constitutional Amendment Bill (Article 368) - This bill can be introduced in either of the
Houses of the Parliament. It can be passed only by a special majority.
(Constitutional Amendments and Articles in the Annexure)
INDIAN LEGISLATURE
India is the second largest democracy in the world. The Indian legislature is bicameral i.e. the Indian
Parliament is made up of the Lower House Lok Sabha, and the Upper House Rajya Sabha.
Features
Term
Term of Members
No. of Members
Nomination by President
Election of Members
Lok Sabha
(Lower House)
Five years
Five Years
545 (maximum 552)
2 members
(Anglo-Indian)
Directly elected by people
Rajya Sabha
(Upper House)
It is continual in nature
Six Years
250
12
Not elected by people
INDIAN JUDICIARY
Salient Features
1.
The Constitution contains provisions related to the Union Judiciary in Articles 124127.
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2.
3.
Supreme Court is the apex court of India. Supreme Court has 26 judges including the Chief
Justice. The salary of the Chief Justice is Rs.33000 per month and each judge gets Rs. 30000 per
month. The retirement age of the judges of the Supreme Court is 65 years.
High Courts are at the top of hiearchy in the State Judicial System. Presently there are 21 High
Courts in the country. The retirement age of the judges of a High Court is 62 years.
INDIAN DEFENCE
The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the armed forces. It is on his behalf that the
Defence Minister looks after all the matters concerning the Defence Services. The Defence Minister is
responsible before the Parliament for all matters concerning the Defence. However, the responsibility
of national defence rests with the Cabinet of Ministers. The three services of Defence i.e. Army, Navy
and Air Force, function under their respective Chiefs of Staff.
Army
Indian Army is responsible for the defence and security of Indias territorial area. The Army is organised
into five operational commmands Northern, Eastern, Western, Central and Southern and one Training
Command each headed by a Commander-in-Chief of the rank of Lieutenant General. The Army, with
its headquarters at New Delhi, consists of a number of services such as armoured corps, regiment of
artillery, engineer corps, infantry, army services corps, army medical corps, intelligence corps, etc.
The Chief of the Army is of the designation Major General and is answerable to the Defence Minister.
Navy
The Indian Navy is responsible for the defence and security of the Indian waters. The Navy is organised
into three operational commands Western, Eastern, and Southern headquartered at Mumbai,
Vishakhapatnam, and Cochin respectively. The Western and the Eastern commands have under them
operational fleets like warships, submarines, aircrafts and other support ships. The Southern Naval
Command is responsible for all the training activities of the Navy. The Chief of the Navy is of the
designation Admiral and is answerable to the Defence Minister.
Air Force
The Indian Air Force is responsible for the defence and security of the Indian airspace. The fourth largest
Air Force in the World, it is organised into five operational commands Western Command, SouthWestern Command, Central Air Command, Eastern Air Command, and Southern Air Command and two
functional commands - a Maintainance and a Training command. It is headquartered at New Delhi. The
Chief of the Air Force is of the designation Air Chief Marshall and is answerable to the Defence Minister.
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Whos Who of the Union Government, the Judiciary and the
Armed Forces
The Governors and Chief Ministers of States and Union Territories
The Heads of Important Government Offices
The Election Commission of India
Chapter 7
Indian Polity
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THE LATEST WHOS WHO OF POLITICS

The Union Government
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
:
Mr. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat :
President
Vice-President
The Council of Cabinet Ministers

Dr. Manmohan Singh:
Mr. A.K. Antony

Mr. Pranab Mukherjee
Mr. Arjun Singh
Mr. Sharad Pawar
Mr. Lalu Prasad Yadav
Mr. Shivraj V. Patil
Mr. Ram Vilas Paswan
Mr. S. Jaipal Reddy
Mr. Sis Ram Ola
Mr. P. Chaidambaram
Mr. Mahavir Prasad
Mr. P. R. Kyndiah
Mr. T. R. Baalu
Mr. Shankarsinh Vaghela
Mr. Kamal Nath
Mr. H. R. Bhardwaj
Mr. Raghuvansh Prasad Singh
Mr. Priyaranjan Dasmunshi
Mr. Mani Shanker Aiyar
Ms. Meira Kumar
Mr. A. Raja
Mr. Dayanidhi Maran
Dr. Anbhumani Ramdoss
Mr. Murli Deora
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Prime Minister; in charge of the Ministry of Personnel,

Public Grievances & Pensions; Planning; Atomic Energy;
Space and other Ministries/Departments that are not
specifically allocated to the charge of any Minister.
Defence
External Affairs
Human Resource Development
Agriculture; Food & Public Distribution;
Consumer Affairs
Railways
Home Affairs
Chemicals & Fertilisers; Steel
Urban Development
Mines
Finance
Small Scale Industries, Agro & Rural Industries
Tribal Affairs
Road Transport & Highways; Shipping
Textile
Commerce & Industry
Law & Justice
Rural Development
Information & Broadcasting; Parliamentary Affairs
Youth Affairs and Sports; Panchayati Raj; Development of
the North-Eastern Region
Social Justice & Empowerment
Environment & Forests
Communications & Information Technology
Health & Family Welfare
Petroleum and Natural Gas
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Mr. Sushil Kumar Shinde

Mr. A. R. Antulay
Mr. Vayalar Ravi
Ms. Ambika Soni
Mr. Saifuddin Soz
Mr. Santosh Mohan Dev
Mr. Prem Chand Gupta
Mr. Kapil Sibal
Power
Minority Affairs
Overseas Indian Affairs
Tourism & Culture
Water Resources
Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises
Company Affairs
Science & Technology and Ocean Development
The Armed Forces

Supreme Commander of Forces
Chief of the Army Staff
Chief of the Naval Staff
Chief of the Air Staff
Commander-in-Chief of
Strategic Forces Command
President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

General J.J. Singh
Admiral Suresh Mehta
Air Chief Marshal S.P. Tyagi
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff
Vice Admiral Raman Puri
Air Marshal Avinash Devdutt Joshi
The Judiciary
Mr. K.G. Balakrishnan
Mr. Milon Kumar Banerjee
Mr. Justice Ashok Agarwal
Mr. Goolam E. Vahanvati
Mr. B. Dutta
Mr. Gopal Subramaniam
Chief Justice of India.

Attorney General of India.
Chairman, Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT).
Solicitor-General of India.
Additional Solicitor- General of India.
Additional Solicitor-General.
Governors and Chief Ministers

States
Governors
Chief Ministers
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Mr. Rameshwar Thakur

Mr. S.K. Singh
Lt. Gen. Retd. Ajai Singh
Mr. R.S. Gavai
Lt. Gen. Retd. K.M. Seth
Mr. S.C. Jameer
Mr. Navalkishore Sharma
Dr. A. R. Kidwai
Justice Retd. V.S. Kokje
Mr. Y.S. Rajasekher Reddy

Mr. Gegong Apang
Mr. Tarun Gogoi
Mr. Nitish Kumar
Dr. Raman Singh
Mr. Pratap Singh Rane
Mr. Narendra Modi
Mr. Bhupinder Singh Hooda
Mr. Virbhadra Singh
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Jammu and Kashmir

Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Tripura
Uttaranchal
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Lt. Gen. Retd. S.K. Sinha

Mr. Syed Sibtey Razi
Mr. T.N. Chaturvedi
Mr. R.L. Bhatia
Mr. Balram Jhaker
Mr. S.M. Krishna
Mr. Shivinder Singh Sidhu
Mr. M.M. Jacob
Lt. Gen. Retd. M.M. Lakhera
Mr. Shyamal Dutta
Mr. Rameshwar Thakur
Gen. Retd. S.F. Rodrigues
Ms. Pratibha Patil
Mr. V. Rama Rao
Mr. S.S.Barnala
Mr. Dinesh Nandan Sahaya
Mr. Sudharshan Aggarwal
Mr. T.V. Rajeshwar Rao
Mr. Gopal Krishna Gandhi
Mr. Gulam Nabi Azad

Mr. Madhu Koda
Mr. H.D. Kumaraswamy
Mr. V.S. Achuthanandan
Mr. Shivraj Singh Chauhan
Mr. Vilasrao Deshmuk
Mr. Okram Ibobi Singh
Mr. J.D. Rymbai
Mr. Zoramthanga
Mr. Neiphiu Rio
Mr. Naveen Patnaik
Mr. Prakash Singh Badal
Ms. Vasundhara Raje
Mr. Pawan Chamling
Mr. M. Karunanidhi
Mr. Manik Sarkar
Mr. B.C. Khanduri
Mr. Mulayam Singh Yadav
Mr. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
National Capital Territory
Lt. Governor
Chief Minister
Delhi
Mr. B.L.Joshi
Ms. Sheila Dikshit
Union Territories
Lt. Governor/Administrators
Chief Minister
Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu
Lakshadweep
Pondicherry
Lt. Gen. Retd. M.M. Lakhera

Gen. Retd. S.F. Rodrigues
Mr. Rajni Kant Verma
Mr. Rajni Kant Verma
Mr. Parimal Rai
Mr. Mukut Mithi
Mr. N. Rangaswamy
National Capital Territory
Union Territories
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Heads of Important Government Offices

Mr. B.S. Shekhawat
Mr. K. Rahman Khan
Mr. Somnath Chatterjee
Mr. Charanjit Singh Atwal
Dr. Manmohan Singh
Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia
Mr. A.B. Vajpayee
Mr. L.K. Advani
Mr. Jaswant Singh
Mr. N. Gopalaswamy
Mr. M.K. Narayanan
Mr. Vijay Nambiar
Mr. Yogendra Narain
Mr. P.D.T. Achary
Mr. Vijay Shankar
Mr. P.K.H. Tharakan
Mr. J.K.Sinha
Mr. Ashish Kumar Mitra
Mr. V.K.Joshi
Dr. R. Chidambaram
Mr. G. Madhavan Nair
Mr. Justice Retd. A.S. Anand
Dr. Amrita Patel
Lt. Gen. Ranjit Singh
Dr. Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
Mr. Justice M. Jagannadha Rao
Mr. Ravindra Kumar
Mr. Hormusji Nusserwanji Cama
Mr. R. Lakshmipathy
Ms. M.H. Kherawala
Mr. Nirupam Sen
Dr. Mangla Rai
Ms. Girija Vyas
Prof. Suresh D. Tendulkar
Mr. Sharmila Tagore
Ms. Nafisa Ali
Mr. C. Babu Rajeev
Chairman, Rajya Sabha

Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha
Speaker, Lok Sabha
Deputy Speaker
Chairman, Planning Commission
Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission
Chairman, BJP Parliamentary Party
Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha)
Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha)
Chief Election Commissioner
National Security Adviser and Special Adviser of PM
(Internal Security)
Deputy National Security Adviser
Secretary-General, Lok Sabha
Secretary-General, Lok Sabha
Director, CBI
Director, Research and Analysis Wing
Director-General, CRPF
Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF)
Director-General, ITBP
Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government
Chairman, Space Commission and ISRO
Chairman, National Human Rights Commission
Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
Director-General, Border Roads Organisation
Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research
Chariman, Law Commission
Chairman, United News of India
President, Indian Newspaper Society
Chairman, PTI
Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)
Indians Permanent Representative to UN
Director-General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Chairperson, National Commission for Women
Chairman, National Statistical Commission
Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification
Chairperson, Childrens Film Society of India
Director-General, Archeological Survey of India
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Mr. Pratyush Sinha

Mr. Wajahat Habibullah
Mr. Suresh Kalmadi
Mr. Kumarmangalam Birla
Central Vigilance Commissioner

Chief Information Commission
President, Indian Olympic Association
Chairman, Board of Trade
THE ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA

The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional body created to conduct free and
fair elections for the representative bodies in India. It was established on January 25, 1950.
The Constitution of India has vested in the Election Commission of India the superintendence, direction
and control of the entire process for the conduct of elections for the Parliament and the Legislature of
every State and for the offices of the President and the Vice-President of India.The law which governs
all the elections in India as mentioned above is the Representation of People Act, 1950.
The commission presently consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.
Originally, however, the commission had just one Chief Commissioner. Two Commissioners were
appointed for the first time on 16 October 1989 but their tenure lasted only till 1 January 1990.
On 1 October 1993, two additional Election Commissioners were appointed. The commission has
followed the multi-member structure since then, with decisions taken a by majority vote.
The Election Commission has a Secretariat at New Delhi consisting of about 300 officials.
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The Planning Commission
The Monetary Policy
The Fiscal Policy
The Major Public Sector Financial Institutions
Economic Liberalisation
Chapter 8
Economics
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THE PLANNING COMMISSION

The Planning Commission is the supreme organ of planning for social and economic development in
India. It was established on March 15, 1950. The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairman of
Planning Commission. The committee members also appoint a Deputy Chairman, who is the de-facto
executive head of the Commission and enjoys the rank of a Cabinet Minister.
The Cabinet Ministers with certain important portfolios act as part-time members of the Commission,
while the full-time members are experts from various fields like Economics, Industry, Science and
General Administration.
The commission works through the following divisions
General Planning Divisions
Special Planning Divisions
Programme Administration Divisions
The majority of experts in the commission are economists, making the commission the biggest employer
of the Indian Economic Services.
Five Year Plans

The Indian Economy is based on the concept of planning. This is carried through the five-year plans,
developed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission. The First Five Year plan was
implemented in 1951. The Tenth plan is currently underway.
First Five Year Plan (1951-56) The first plan aimed at correcting the distortions caused to
the economy after the World War II.
Second Five Year Plan (1956-61) The second plan aimed at a pattern of development leading
to a socialist society framework for the economy.
Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) The third plan aimed at achieving the goals enlisted in the
first two plans and also aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in foodgrains, increase employment
oppurtunities and expand basic and heavy industries.
Three Annual Plans (1966-69)
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74) The objectives of the fourth plan were to achieve selfreliance, and give priority to agriculture, promote industrial production and exports.
Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-79) The fifth five year plan aimed at removal of poverty, attaining
economic self reliance and increasing employment oppurtunities in the country.
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Sixth Year Plan (1980-85) The sixth plan aimed at achieving a annual growth rate of 5.2 per
cent and raising the per capita income by 3.3 per cent.
Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90) The plan focussed on policies and programmes to
increase domestic industr ia l productivity, employment oppurtunities, and agriculture
productivity by increasing the basic framework and by adopting modern technologies.
Annual Plans 1990-92
Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97) The plan aimed at achieving a higher outlay of public
sector enterprises to meet the demands of various central and state sectors.
Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-02) The plan aimed to achieve an anual growth rate of 6.5 per
cent. The total public sector outlay was Rs. 859000 crore.
Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) This plan has adopted an aggressive approach. This plan
aims at achieving 8 per cent GDP growth, reduce the poverty ratio to 20 per cent, increase the
literacy rate to 72 per cent, reduce the infant mortality rate
to 45 per 1000 births and
clean all major polluted rivers till the end of the plan in 2007.
THE MONETARY POLICY

The Monetary Policy, as the name suggests, is the policy used as a tool to regulate the supply of money
in the economy. The basic task of a monetary policy in a developing economy is to meet the credit
needs of the growth sectors on the one hand and to curb the supply of money meant to be used in non
- productive activities like speculative dealings, heading etc. In India, the monetary policy is regulated
by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The policy in India is designed on the principles mentioned above
and exercises various quantitative controls to make the policy effective. The policy is therefore also
referred to as the policy of Controlled Monetary Expansion which implies
i. Expansion in the supply of money.
ii. Restraint on secondary expansion of credit.
The Monetary Policy thus helps the government to exercise control over the money supply in
the economy.
THE FISCAL POLICY

The fiscal policy helps the government exercise a control over the fiscal deficit i.e. the difference
between the total revenue earned and the total expenditure incurred by the government. A rise in the
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fiscal deficit implies a higher borrowing for the government from the RBI. The economic impact of
such borrowing is that the money supply in the economy decreases.
The pressure on the money supply leads to an increase of prices i.e. an inflationary situation. So the
government, through a proper fiscal policy tries to maximize revenue sources (taxes) and reduce
expenditure, thereby reducing fiscal deficits.
THE MAJOR PUBLIC SECTOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

1. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was set up in April 1935, with its central office at Calcutta (Kolkata)
under the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934, as a private shareholder s bank with some subscription
from the government to enable those nominated by the government to be directors. The bank was later
nationalised in 1949. Presently, RBI is the central bank of India. It issues notes, buys and sells government
securities, regulates the volume, direction and cost of credit, manages foreign exchange, supports
other financial institutions and comes out with the Monetary Policy. The RBI is presently headquartered
at Mumbai and the present RBI governor is Mr. Y.V. Reddy.
2. The Small Industrial Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

SIDBI was established on April 2, 1990. The Charter establishing it; The Small Industries Development
Bank of India Act, 1989 envisaged SIDBI to be the principal financial institution for the promotion,
financing and development of industry in the small scale sector and to co-ordinate the functions of the
institutions engaged in the promotion and financing or developing industry in the small scale sector and
for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
The business domain of SIDBI consists of small scale industrial units, which contribute significantly to
the national economy in terms of production, employment and exports. Small scale industries are the
industrial units in which the investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs.10 million. About
3.1 million such units, employing 17.2 million persons account for a share of 36 per cent of Indias
exports and 40 per cent of industrial manufacture. In addition, SIDBIs assistance flows to the transport,
health care and tourism sectors and also to the professional and self-employed persons setting up
small-sized professional ventures. Mr. N Balasubramanium is the present chairman and managing director
of the SIDBI.
3. The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)

IDBI was established on July 1, 1964, by an act of the Parliament as a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Reserve Bank of India, to catalyze the development of a diversified and efficient industrial structure in
the country, in tune with national priorities. In 1976, the ownership was transferred from the RBI to
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the Government of India. The current Government holding in IDBI is about 53%. IDBI is currently the
tenth largest development bank in the world. It financed some well-known institutes in India like, the
National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), the National Securities Depository Services Ltd. (NSDL),
and the Stock Holding Corporation of India (SHCIL).
To meet the emerging challenges and to keep up with reforms in the financial sector, IDBI converted
into a banking company in 2004, to undertake an entire gamut of banking activities. Mr. V.P. Shetty is
the present Chairman and Managing Director of the IDBI bank.
4. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

NABARD was established on 12th July 1982 to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development Act 1981. It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and the Rural Planning
and Credit Cell (RPCC) of the Reserve Bank of India, and the Agricultural Refinance and Development
Corporation (ARDC).
The following functions are performed by NABARD
i. Serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing investment and production
credit for promoting the various developmental activities in rural areas.
ii. Takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive capacity of the credit
delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of rehabilitation schemes, restructuring of
credit institutions, training of personnel, etc.
iii. Co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in developmental work
at the field level and maintains liaison with the Government of India, State Governments, the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other national level institutions concerned with policy
formulation.
iv. Undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.
Dr. Y.S.P. Thorat is the present chairman of NABARD.
ECONOMIC LIBERALISATION (1991)

The economic liberalisation of 1991 was initiated by the then Indian Prime Minister, Mr. P. V. Narasimha
Rao and his Finance Minister, Mr. Manmohan Singh in response to a balance-of-payments crisis being
faced by the country. The new economic framework adopted by the government did away with the
Licence Raj (investment, industrial and import licensing) system and ended many public monopolies.
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The policy aimed at allowing foreign direct investment (FDI) in many sectors of the economy. Even
though the foreign direct investment ceiling was removed by the government in 1991, it was only in
1996 that foreign investors started showing confidence in the Indian economy and large sectors saw
the inflow of foreign capital.
Since then, the overall direction of liberalisation has remained the same, irrespective of the ruling party,
although no party has yet tried to take on powerful lobbies such as the trade unions and farmers, or
contentious issues such as reforming labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies.
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The United Nations Organisation (UNO)
Important International Agencies and their Headquaters
Chapter 9
The UNO and International Agencies
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THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION (UNO)

The United Nation Organisation came into existence on 24th October 1945.The name was devised by
the then US President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
At present, there are 192 members in the UNO. Taiwan & Vatican City are not the members. Vatican
City is the permanent observer for the UN.
Headquarter- First Avenue at 46th Street, UN Plaza, New York City-10017.
Official Languages- English, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, French, and Chinese (Mandarin)
The Principal Organs of the UNO

The principal organs of the UNO are
1 . General Assembly - The General Assembly consists of representatives of the member
nations. Each state has one vote, but may send 5 representatives. The assembly meets at least
once in a year. Special sessions may be summoned by the Secretary General, on a request by
the Security Council.
2. Security Council - It consists of 15 members, each of which has one vote.There are 5
permanent & 10 non permanent members. The 5 permanent members are USA, Russia, UK,
France & China. The 10 non permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for a
period of 2 years. The permanent members have the power to veto any decision.
3. The Secretariat - It is composed of the Secretary General, the Cheif Administrative Officer of
the organisation and an international staff appointed by him under the regulatios of the General
Assembly. However the Secratary General, the High commissioner of Refugees and the Managing
Director of funds is appointed by the General Assembly.
4. Trusteeship Council - The Charter of the UN provides for an international trusteeship system
to safeguard the interests of the inhabitants of territories which are not yet fully self-governing
and which may have been placed thereunder by individual trusteeship agreements.
5. International Court - The International Court of Justice was created by an international
treaty, the statute of the Court, which forms an integral part of the UN charter, and all the members
are ipso facto parties to the statute of the court. There are 15 judges, appointed for a 9 year term.
The court has has its seat at the Hague but may sit elsewhere, whenever it considers this desirable.
The expenses of the Court are borne by the UN.
6. Economic and Social Council - It is responsible under the General Assembly for carrying out
the functions of the UN with regard to international, social, cultural, educational, health and related
matters. The Economic and Social council consists of 54 member States elected by a two-thirds
majority of the General Assembly.
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UN Secretary Generals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Trygve Lie (Norway)

Dag Hammarskjold (Sweden)
U Thant (Burma)
Kurt Waldheim (Austria)
Javier Perez De Gueller (Peru)
Boutros Boutros Ghali (Egypt)
Kofi Annan (Ghana)
Ban Ki Moon (South Korea)
1946-53
1953-61
1961-71
1972-81
1982-91
1992-96
1997-2007
2007- till date
Specific UN Agencies and their Headquarters

1. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) - UNDP is the UNs global development
network advocating change and connecting countries to share knowledge and resources which
help build a better life in countries across the globe. Presently it has offices in 166 member
countries. UNDP is headquartered at New York, US.
2. The United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF was initially set up in 1946 as an
emergency fund to provide post-war relief to children in different countries. Today, as a childrens
fund, UNICEF concentrates its activities on providing assistance to children and mothers in
developing countries, aiming at improving their quality of life. UNICEF is headquartered at New
York, US.
3. The United Nations Educational & Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) UNESCO was
founded on 16 November 1945 to assist developing countries in their educational projects, to help
the countries in scientific development and to build cultural understanding between the nations.
UNESCO is headquartered at Paris, France.
4. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) IMF is an international organisation having 184
member countries. It was established in 1945 to promote international monetary co-operation and
exchange stability between nations which in turn would promote economic growth and increase
employment opportunities. IMF also provides temporary financial assistance to its member contries
to ease their balance of payment. IMF is headquartered at Washington DC., US.
5. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, commonly known
as the World Bank) The World Bank was formed after the Bretton Woods conference in
1944, but begun operations in 1946. It aims at providing financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the World. Presently World Bank has 184 member countries and is
headquartered at Washinton DC, US.
6. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) WTO was formed as an international trade body to
replace General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) in 1995. WTO is the only international
body dealing with rules of trade between the countries to help producers of goods and services,
exporters and importers conduct their business. It is headquartered at Geneva, Switzerland.
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7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) IAEA was set up in 1957. It is presently
headquartered at Vienna, Austria.
The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) FAO was set up in 1945. It is presently
headquartered at Rome, Italy.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) W.H.O was set up in 1946. It is presently headquartered
at Geneva, Switzerland.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) IFC is an affiliate of the World Bank, and was
set up in 1956. It is headquartered at Washinton DC, US.
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ITU was set up in 1932. It is headquartered
at Geneva, Switzerland.
The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) ICAO was set up in 1944. It is
headquartered at Montreal, Canada.
The Universal Postal Union (UPU) UPU was set up in 1875. It is headquartered at Berne,
Switzerland.
The International Labor Organisation (ILO) ILO was set uo in 1919. It is headquartered at
Geneva, Switzerland.
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) IMO was set up in 1948. It is headquartered
at London, UK.
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES AND THEIR HEADQUARTERS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) It is headquartered at Manila, Phillipines.

The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) It is headquartered at Jakarta, Indonesia.
The European Union (EU) It is headquartered at Brussels, Belgium.
The INTERPOL It is headquartered at Lyons, France
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) It is headquartered at Brussels, Belgium.
The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) It is headquartered at Vienna,
Austria.
The Organisation of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) It is headquartered at
Kuwait.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) It is headquartered at
Kathmandu, Nepal.
The Red Cross It is headquartered at Geneva, Switzerland.
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The Highest, Longest, Largest, Biggest etc. in the World
Chapter 10
The Superlatives
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THE SUPERLATIVES
THE HIGHEST, BIGGEST, LARGEST, LONGEST ETC. IN THE WORLD

Airport
Largest
Animal
Tallest
Largest & Heaviest
Fastest
With max. shore line
With max. area
Bay
Bridge
Building
Canal
Canyon
Church
Cinema House
City
Continent
Coral Formation
Country
Dam
Delta
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King Khaled International Airport,

Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
Giraffe (Average height 6.09m)

Blue Whale (190 tonnes)
Cheetah (Approximately 100 km/hr)
Hudson Bay
Bay of Bengal
Over the Royal Gorge of the Arakansas river,
Highest
Colorado, USA
Longest
Gandhi Setu across the Ganges, Patna
Tsing Ma bridge linking HongKong to Lantau
Rail Bridge
island
Highest
Petronas Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Big Ship
Suez Canal
Busiest
Kiel Canal
Deepest
Vicos Gorge (Greece)
Largest
Grand Canyon (Colarado River)
Largest
Basilica of St. Peter (Vatican City)
Largest
Radio City Music Hall (New York)
Largest Population
Tokyo
Largest Area
Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
Largest
Asia (44.5 million sq km)
Smallest
Australia (7.7 million sq km)
Largest
The Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
Largest in Population
China
Largest in Area
Russia
With largest electorate
India
Smallest in Area
Vatican City
With most Land Frontiers
China
Largest
Grand Coulee Dam, Columbia River (USA)
Highest
Rogunskaya dam across river Vakash, Tajakistan
Largest
Sundarbans delta (river Bramhaputra)
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Desert
Diamond
Largest
Largest
Sahara desert, Africa

The Cullinan
Dome
Largest
Louisiana Superdome, USA
Epic
Largest
Mahabharata
Fish
Largest fresh water

Most abundant
Most venomous
Most electric
Plabeuk
Bristle mouth
Stone fish
Electric Eel
Film
Longest
Most Oscars
Tallest
Most nutritive
Die Zweite Heimat (Germany)

Ben Hur and Titanic (11 oscars each)
Fountain at Fountain Hills ( Arizona, US)
Avocado (Vitamin A,C,E and Proteins)
Least nutritive
Cucumber
Largest
Gulf of Mexico
Fountain
Fruit
Gulf
Hotel
Island
Lake
With the most

number of rooms
Biggest
Hotel Rossiya (Moscow)

Greenland
Largest
Deepest
Largest fresh water
Biggest
Caspian Sea
Baikal Lake
Lake Superior
US Library of Congress (Washinton DC)
Mountain
Biggest non statutory

Highest Peak
Highest Range
New York Public Library

Mt. Everest (8848 mts)
Himalayas, Asia
Museum
Largest
Ocean
Peninsula
Park
Places
Largest and Deepest

Largest
Largest
Coldest
American museum of Natural History, New

York
Pacific Ocean
Arabia
National Park of Greenland
Antartica
Driest
Calama, Chile
Hottest
Dallol, Ethiopia
Rainiest
Mawsynram near Cherrapunji in Meghalaya
Biggest
Jupiter
Library
Planet
Brightest, hottest, and

nearest to the Earth
Farthest from Sun
Neptune
Nearest to Sun
Most Satellites
Mercury
Uranus
Highest
Tibetan Plateau
Plateau
Venus
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Platform (rail)
Port
Railway Line
Railway Station
Religion
Rivers
Road
Longest
Largest
Busiest
Longest
Largest
Highest
Oldest
Largest
Longest
Highest
Largest
Largest (inland)
Brightest
Longest recognized
Largest (radio)
Largest (solar)
Largest refractor
Largest
Tallest
Longest (Railway)
Largest (Road)
Longest
Highest
Widest
Kharagpur, West Bengal

Port of New York and New Jersey
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Trans-Siberian Railway
Grand Central Terminal, New York
Condor, Bolivia
Hinduism
Christianity
Amazon (6750 km)
Kang-ti-Suu
Pan American Highway (from Alaska to
Brasilia)
South China Sea
Mediterranean
Sirius A ( dog star)
English Channel
at US National Science Foundation
at Kitt Peak National Observatory
at Yerkes Observatory
Angkor Wat, Cambodia
C N Tower, Canada
Seikan Rail Tunnel (Japan)
St. Gotthard Road Tunnel, Switzerland
The Great Wall of China
Salto-Angel in Venezuela
Khone Falls in Loas
Largest
Etoha Reserve, Namibia
Longest
Sea
Star
Swimming course
Telescope
Temple
Tower
Tunnel
Wall
Waterfall
Zoo
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Names of Books and Authors
Chapter 11
Books and Authors
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BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Name of the book
Authors
Autobiographies
B
BaburNama
Babur
M
Made in Japan
Akio Morita
Mein Kamph
Adolf Hitler
Moon Walk
Michael Jackson
S
Sunny Days
Sunil Gavaskar
W
Wings of Fire
APJ Abdul Kalam
Biographies
A
Ain-I-Akbari
Abul Fazal
Akbarnama
Abul Fazal
I
Idols
Sunil Gavaskar
S
Shahnama
Firdausi
Classic
A
Alls Well that Ends well
William Shakespeare
A Tale of Two Cities
Charles Dickens
Anna Karenina
Leo Tolstoy
Antony and Cleopatra
William Shakespeare
As You like it
William Shakespeare
Abhijnanshakuntalam
Kalidas
B
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Babbit
Sinclair Lewis
C
Ceaser and Cleopatra
George Bernand Shaw
The Comedy of Errors
Shakespeare
D
David Copperfield
Charles Dickens
Devdas Sharat
Chandra Chatterjee
Doctor Zhivago
Boris Pasternak
Don Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes
F
Fountain Head
Ayn Rand
G
Gone with the Wind
Margaret Mitchell
Gullivers Travels
Jonathan Swift
H
Hamlet
William Shakespeare
I
Iliad
Homer
Indica
Magasthenese
The Importance of Being Earnest
Oscar Wilde
Invisible Man
H. G. Wells
J
Julius Caesar
William Shakespeare
K
Kadambari
Bana Bhatt
Kamasutra
Vatsyayan
Kamayani
Jai Shankar Prasad
King Lear
William Shakespeare
M
Macbeth
William Shakespeare
Mahabharata
Ved Vyas
Meghdoot
Kalidas
Merchant of Venice
William Shakespeare
Much Ado About Nothing
William Shakespeare
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Mudra Rakshas
Vishakadutta
N
Natya Shastra
Bharat Muni
Nine Days Wonder
John Masefield
O
Odyssey
Homer
Oliver
Charles Dickens
Othello
William Shakespeare
P
Paradise Lost
John Milton
Pather Panchali
Bibhuti Bhushan
Bandhopadhayaya
Pride and Prejudice
Jane Austen
R
Raghuvamsa
Kalidas
Ram Charita Manas
Tulsidas
Ramayana
Valmiki
Ratnavali
Harsha Vardhan
Rendezvous with Rama
Arthur C Clarke
Ritu Samhara
Kalidas
Robinson Crusoe
Daniel Defoe
Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare
S
Savitri
Sir Aurobindo Ghosh
Sense and Sensibility
Jane Austen
Sohrab and Rustum
Mathew Arnold
T
The Tempest
William Shakespeare
The Count of Monte Cristo
Alexander Dumas
The story of My My
Experiments with Truth
Mahatma Gandhi
Three Musketeers
Alexander Dumas
Time machine
H.G. Wells
Treasure Island
R L Stevenson
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Twelfth Night
Willam Shakespeare
Twenty Years After
Alexander Dumas
U
Ulysses James
Joyce
Unto This Last
John Ruskin
Uttar Ramcharita
Bhavbhuti
V
Vanity Fair
William Thackeray
Vinay Patrika
Tulsidas
The Virginians
William Thackeray
Y
Yama
Mahadevi Verma
Descriptive
A
Area of Darkness
V. S. Naipaul
F
Freedom from Fear
Aung San Su Kyi

L
Long Walk to Freedom
Nelson Mandela
M
Maneaters of Kumaon
Jim Corbett
My Experiments with Truth
Mahatma Gandhi
O
Origin of Species
Charles Darwin
S
Sadar-I-Riyasat
Karan Singh
Starry Nights
Shobha De
Economics
N
New Dimensions of
Indias Foreign Policy
A B Vajpayee
W
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Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith
Fantasy
A
Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Mark Twain
C
Class, The
Eric Segal
D
Dr. JekyII and Mr. Hyde
Robert Louis Stevenson

O
One Hundred Years of Solitude
Gabrial Garcla Marquez
Other Side of Midnight, The
Sidney Sheldon
S
Swami and Friends
R.K. Narayan
T
The Alchemist
Paulo Coelho
The God of Small Things
Arundhati Roy
Fiction
A
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Adventure of Robinson Crusoe
Daniel Defoe
Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Mark Twain
Alice in Wonderland
Lewis Carrol
A Bend In the River
V S Naipaul
A Suitable Boy
Vikram Seth
An Equal Music
Vikram Seth
Arabian Nights
Richard Burton
B
Being Digital
Nicholas Negroponte
C
Catcher in the Rye
J D Sallinger
Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer
Chitra
Rabindranath Tagore
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City of Joy
Domonique Lapiere
Coolie
Mulk Raj Anand

E
East West
Salman Rushdie
F
Fury
Salman Rushdie
Future Shock
Alvin Toffler
G
Godfather
Mario Puzo
Godan
Munshi Prem Chand
The Guide
R.K. Narayan
Gullivers Travels
Jonathan Swift
H
Half a Life
V S Naipaul
Harsha Charita
Bena Bhatt
I
Inscrutable Americans
Anurag Mathur
Interpreter of Maladies
Jhumpa Lahiri
Iron in the soul
Jean Paul Sartre
Ivanhoe
Walter Scott
J
The Judgement
Kuldip Nayar
Jungle Book
Rudyard Kipling
K
Kim
Rudyard Kipling
L
Life Divine
Aurobindo Ghosh
Lajja
Tasleema Nasreen
Lolita
V. Nabakov
Love Story
Eric Segal
M
Malgudi Days
R K Narayan
Midnights children
Salman Rushdie
Moors Last Sigh
Salman Rushdie
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Mother
Moxim Gorky
N
Nice Guys Finish Second
B K Nehru
P
Panchatantra
Vishnu Sharma
Post Office
Rabindranath Tagore
S
The Satanic Verses
Salman Rushdie
Shape of Things to Come
H. G. Wells
Shame
Salman Rushdie
T
The Last Don
Mario Puzo
The Tin Drum
Guenter Grass
Treasure Island
R L Stevenson
Two Leaves and a Bud
Mulk Raj Anand

U
Unofficial Guide to Ethical

Hacking
Ankit Fadia
V
Vish Vriksha
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

W
War and Peace
Leo Tolstoy
History Books
A
Arthashastra
Kautilya
August 1914 (H)
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
B
Ben Hur
Lewis Wallace
C
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
D
Discovery of India
Jawahar Lal Nehru

H
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Hindu View of Life
D. S. Radhakrishnan
I
India-A Wounded Civilisation
V S Naipaul
India Divided
Rajendra Prasad
India Wins Freedom
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Indian Home Rule
M. K. Gandhi
Indian Philosophy
D. S. Radhakrishnan
M
Man and Superman
George Bernard Shaw

P
A Passage to India
E. M. Forster
W
Wake up India
Annie Besant
The Wonder that Was India
A.L. Basham
Management Books
T
The Changing World of the Executive
Peter Drucker
Poetry
B
Bharat Bharati
Maithili Sharan Gupt

G
Geet Govinda
Jaya Dev
Gitanjali
Rabindranath Tagore
R
Rubaiyat
Omar Khayyam
Philosophy
A
Atlas Shrugged
Ayn Rand
B
Bharat Bharati
Maithili Sharan Gupt

G
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Geet govinda
Jaya Dev
Gitanjali
Rabindranath Tagore
V
Voice of Conscience
V. V. Giri
Psychology
C
Crime and Punishment
Fyodor Dostoevsky
G
Games People Play
Eric Berne
M
Man of Destiny
George Bernard Shaw

S
Satyartha Prakash
Swami Dayanand
Sociology
D
Das Kapital
Karl Marx
Diplomacy
Henry Kissinger
G
Gita Rahasya
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Grammer of Politics
Harold Laski
P
Politics
Aristotle
R
Republic
Plato
S
Sub Regionalism in Asia
Abul Kalam Azad
Surviving Men
Khushwant Singh
T
The Degeneration of India
T N Seshan
U
Untouchable
Mulk Raj Anand
Utopia
Thomas Moore
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Spiritual Account
B
Beyond Belief
V S Naipaul
Miscellaneous
A
Area of Darkness
V. S. Naipaul
B
Between the lines
Kuldip Nayar
Brave New world
Aldous Huxley
Broken wing
Sarojini Naidu
Beyond Peace
Richard Nixon
Blood, Brain & Beer
David Ogilvy
C
Confessions of a Lover
Mulk Raj Anand

D
District Diary
Jaswant Singh
Dragon Fire
Humphry Hawensky
Dilemma of our time
Harold Joseph Laski
Doctors Dilemma
George Bernard Shaw
Don Juan
Lord Byron
E
Ends and Means
Aldous Huxley
F
Fifth Column
Ernest Hemingway
Farewell to Arms, A
Ernest Hemingway
First Among Equals
Jeffrey Archer
For Whom the Bell Tolls
Ernest Hemingway
G
Gathering Storm
Winston Churchill
Glimpses of World History
Jawaharlal Nehru
Golden Threshold
Sarojini Naidu
Golden Gate, The
Virkram Seth
Godan
Rabindranath Tagore
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H
Heat and Dust
Ruth P. Jhabwala
I
India Unbound
Gurcharan Das
Is Paris Burning
Larry Collins & Dominique Lapiere
If I am Assassinated
Z. A. Bhutto
K
Kumar Sambhava
Kalidas
M
Mother India
Katherine Mayo
My Music, My life
Ravi Shankar
My Truth
Indira Gandhi
P
A Passage to England
Nirad C. Choudhary
T
To live or Not to Live
Nirad C. Choudhary
Triumph
John Kenneth Galbraith

V
Valley of Dolls
Jacqueline Susan
W
Worshipping False Gods
Arun Shourie
End of Chapter
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Common Terminologies
Important Cups and Trophies
Major Sporting Events
Chapter 12
Sports
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COMMONLY USED SPORTS TERMINOLOGIES

Sport
Terms associated with sports disciplines
Badminton
Deuce, double fault, drop, let, love all, smash
Basketball
Basket, blocking, dribbling, free throw, held ball, holding, jump ball, pivot
Billiards
Bauik line, bolting, cannon, cue hazard, long jenny, scratch, screwback, short
jenny, spot stroke
Boxing
Babit punch, break, cut, defence, hook, jab lying on, knock, slam, upper cut,
weight in, knockout
Bridge
Chicane, dealer, dummy, finesse, grand slam, little slam, no trump, revoke,
rubber, suit, tricks, vulnerable
Chess
Bishop, castle, checkmate, gambit, king, knight, pawn, queen, rook, stalemate
Cricket
Ashes, boundary, bowling, caught, chinaman, cover drive, crease, duck, follow
on, googly, gully, hat trick, hit wicket, LBW, leg break, leg bye, maiden over,
no ball, off break, on drive, over pitch, popping crease, rubber, run out, sixer,
silly point, square leg, straight drive, stumped, wicket
Football
Corner kick, dribble, free kick, goal kick, hat-trick, off side, penalty kick,
throw in, tripping
Golf
Best ball, bogey, bunker, caddie, dormy, fairway, fourball, greed holes, links,
niblic, par, put, rough, stymied, tee
Hockey
Bully, corner, dribble, hat-trick, offside, roll-in, scoop, short corner, stick,
striking circle, tie break
Table Tennis
Tennis
Deuce, drop, let, spin, smash

Backhand stroke, crosscourt, deuce, double fault, fault, forehand, ground stroke,
half volley, let, smash, slice, volley
Volleyball
Blocking, doubling, heave, love point, service, volley
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IMPORTANT CUPS AND TROPHIES

i. Badminton Thomas Cup, Uber Cup, and World Cup.
ii. Cricket Ashes, Champions Trophy, C.K.Nayudu Trophy, County Championships, Duleep
Trophy, Gavaskar-Border Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy, Ranji Trophy, and Sheffield
Shield Cup.
iii. Football African Nations Cup, Asia Cup, Confederations Cup, Durand Cup, English Premier
League, Federation Cup, FIFA World Cup, German Bundeslga, Italian Serie A, Merdeka Cup, NFL
Cup, Santosh Trophy, Spanish LA Liga, and UEFA Cup.
iv. Golf British Open, Ryder Cup, US Open, and Walker Cup.
v. Hockey Agha Khan Cup, Champions Trophy, Dhyan Chand Trophy, Sultan Azlan Shah
Trophy, and World Cup.
vi. Tennis ATP Masters, Australian Open Championships, Champions Cup, Davis Cup, Federation
Cup, French Open Championships, US Open Championships, and Wimbeldon Championships.
MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS

1. The Olympics The oldest and the largest sporting event in the World, Olympics were
first started in 776 BC in Greece. The games were first played in the ancient Greek kingdom
of Elis to honour Zeus, the Greek god of Sky and Thunder. But after the initial games in 776
BC, they became an irregular feature and were restricted only to Greece. It was only after
1500 years, in 1892 that revival of games was undertaken by Baron Pierre de Coubretin. In
June, 1894 Baron and his associates decided to make the games a regular sporting event and
created the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Presently, the IOC is headqutered at
Laussane, Switzerland.
Olympic Symbol (five rings) The Olympic Symbol comprises of five rings linked together to
represent sporting friendship amongst countries. The rings represent the five continents Europe,
Africa, America, Asia and Australia.
Olympic Games are held every four years. The table below gives the details of Olympic Games
held till date. No games were held in 1916, 1940 and 1944.
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Year
Place
1896
Athens
1900
Paris
1904
St. Louis
1908
London
1912
Stockholm
1920
Antwerp
1924
Paris
1928
Amsterdam
1932
Los Angeles
1936
Berlin
1948
London
1952
Helsinki
1956
Melbourne
1960
Rome
1964
Tokyo
1968
Mexico City
1972
Munich
1976
Montreal
1980
Moscow
1984
Los Angeles
1988
Seoul
1992
Barcelona
1996
Atlanta
2000
Sydney
2004
Athens
2008
Beijing (scheduled)
2012
London (scheduled)
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2. Commonwealth Games The Commonwealth Games are the second largest sporting event
in the World after Olympics. These games are held every four years between the years of the
Olympic Games. The games involve atheletes from Commonwealth Nations (majority erstwhile
colonies of the British). Started in 1930, the games were originally called the British Empire
Games. It was in 1978 that the present name of the Commonwelth Games was adopted. The
table below gives the details of the Commonwealth Games till date. The games were not held
from 1939 till 1949.
Year
Venue
1930
Hamilton
1934
London
1938
Sydney
1950
Auckland
1954
Vancouver
1958
Cardiff
1962
Perth
1966
Jamaica
1970
Edinburgh
1974
Christchurch
1978
Edmonton
1982
Brisbane
1986
Edinburgh
1990
Auckland
1994
Victoria
1998
Kuala Lumpur
2002
Manchester
2006
Melbourne
2010
Delhi (scheduled)
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3. Asian Games The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a sporting event on the lines of the
Olympic Games held every four years among atheletes from all over Asia. India played a leading
role in starting an event for the Asian nations. The motto of the Asian Games is Ever Onward.
The table below gives the details of Asian Games till date.
Year
Venue
1951
New Delhi
1954
Manila
1958
Tokyo
1962
Jakarta
1966
Bangkok
1970
Bangkok (originally had to be hosted by Seoul)
1974
Tehran
1978
Bangkok (originally had to be hosted by Karachi)
1982
New Delhi
1986
Seoul
1990
Beijing
1994
Hiroshima
1998
Bangkok
2002
Busan
2006
Doha
2010
Guangzhou (scheduled)
4. Cricket World Cup The Cricket World Cup is a premier international championship for one
day cricket in the world. The event is organised once every four years by the sports governing
body, The International Cricket Council (ICC) and is contested by all Test playing nations (presently
10) plus the qualifying teams. The table below gives the details of the World Cups held till date.
Year
Venue
Winner
Runner-up
1975
England
West Indies
Australia
1979
England
West Indies
England
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1983
England
India
West Indies
1987
Indian Subcontinent
Australia
England
1992
Australia &
New Zealand
Pakistan
England
1996
Indian Subcontinent
Sri Lanka
Australia
1999
England
Australia
Pakistan
2003
South Africa,
Zimbabwe & Kenya
Australia
India
2007
West Indies
2011
Indian Subcontinent
2015
Australia &
New Zealand
Scheduled
5. Hockey World Cup The Hockey World Cup is a premier international field hockey competition
organised by the International Hockey Federation (FIH) once every four years. The tournament
was started in 1971. The table below gives the details of each World Cup held till date.
Year
Venue
Winner
Runner-up
1971
Barcelona, Spain
Pakistan
Spain
Netherlands
India
Amstelveen,
1973
The Netherlands
1975
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
India
Pakistan
1978
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Pakistan
Netherlands
1982
Mumbai, India
Pakistan
West Germany
1986
London, England
Australia
England
1990
Lahore, Pakistan
Netherlands
Pakistan
1994
Sydney, Australia
Pakistan
Netherlands
1998
Utrecht, The Netherlands
Netherlands
Spain
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2002
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Monchengladbach,
2006
Germany
Germany
Australia
Germany
Australia
6. Football World Cup - The Football/Soccer World Cup is an international football competition
contested by the national teams of the member nations of Federation Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA). The tournament started in 1930 and is held every four years, but could not
be held in 1942 and 1946 due to World War II. The table below gives details of the last ten
World Cups.
Year
Venue
Winner
Runner-up
1974
West Germany
West
Germany
Netherlands
1978
Argentina
Argentina
Netherlands
1982
Spain
Italy
West Germany
1986
Mexico
Argentina
West Germany
1990
Italy
West
Germany
Argentina
1994
USA
Brazil
Italy
1998
France
France
Brazil
2002
South Korea & Japan
Brazil
Germany
2006
Germany
Italy
France
2010
South Africa
2014
South America
Scheduled
7. Tennis Grand Slams

The tables below give the last five year championship winners for four major Tennis Grand Slams
viz Australian Open (held at Melbourne), French Open (held at Paris, also called Roland
Garros), Wimbledon (held at Wimbledon, near London) and U.S. Open (held at Flushing
Meadows, New York).
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Australian Open
Mens Title
Year
Womens Title
Winner
Runner-up
Winner
Runner-up
2006
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Marcos
Baghdatis
(Cyprus)
Amelie
Mauresmo
(France)
Justine HeninHardene
(Belgium)
2005
Marat Safin
(Russia)
Lleyton Hewitt
(Australia)
Serena
Williams (USA)
Lindsay
Davenport (USA)
2004
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Marat Safin
(Russia)
Justine HeninHardene
(Belgium)
Kim Clijsters
(Belgium)
Andre Agassi
(USA)
Rainer
Schuettler
(Germany)
Serena
Williams (USA)
Venus Williams
(USA)
Thomas
Johansson
(Sweden)
Marat Safin
(Russia)
Jennifer
Capriati (USA)
Martina Hingis
(Switzerland)
2003
2002
French Open
Year
Mens Title
Womens Title
Winner
Runner-up
2006
Rafael Nadal
(Spain)
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Justine Henin-Hardene Svetlana Kuznetsova

(Belgium)
(Russia)
2005
Rafael Nadal
(Spain)
Mariano Puerta
(Argentina)
Justine Henin-Hardene
Mary Pierce (France)
(Belgium)
2004
Gaston Gaudio
(Argentina)
Guillermo Coria
(Argentina)
Juan Carlos
Ferrero (Spain)
Martin Verkerk Justine Henin-Hardene

(Holland)
(Belgium)
2003
2002
Albert Costa
(Spain)
Juan Carlos
Ferrero (Spain)
Winner
Anastasia Myskina
(Russia)
Serena
Williams (USA)
Runner-up
Elena Dementieva
(Russia)
Kim Clijsters
(Belgium)
Venus Williams
(USA)
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Wimbledon
Mens Title
Year
Womens Title
Winner
Runner-up
Winner
Runner-up
2006
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Andy Roddick
(USA)
Amelie Mauresmo
(France)
Justine
Henin-Hardene
(Belgium)
2005
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Andy Roddick
(USA)
Venus Williams
(USA)
Lindsay Davenport
(USA)
2004
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Andy Roddick
(USA)
Maria Sharapova
(Russia)
Serena Williams
(USA)
2003
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Mark Philipoussis
(Australia)
Serena
Williams (USA)
Venus Williams
(USA)
2002
Lleyton Hewitt
(Australia)
David
Nalbandian
(Argentina)
Serena
Williams (USA)
Venus Williams
(USA)
U.S.Open
Mens Title
Year
Womens Title
Winner
Runner-up
Winner
Runner-up
2006
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Andy Roddick
(USA)
Maria
Sharapova (Russia)
Justine
Henin-Hardene
(Belgium)
2005
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Andre Agassi
(USA)
Kim Clijsters
(Belgium)
Mary Pierce
(France)
2004
Roger Federer
(Switzerland)
Lleyton Hewitt
(Australia)
Svetlona Kuznet
sova (Russia)
Elena Dementieva
(Russia)
2003
Andy Roddick
(USA)
Juan Carlos
Ferrero (Spain)
Justine
Henin-Hardene
(Belgium)
Kim Clijsters
(Belgium)
2002
Pete Sampras
(USA)
Andre Agassi
(USA)
Serena Williams
(USA)
Venus Williams
(USA)
End of Chapter
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International Awards
Indian Awards
Chapter 13
Popular Awards
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INTERNATIONAL AWARDS
1.
Nobel Prizes
The Nobel Prizes are prizes awarded annually to people (and, in the case of the Peace Prize,
sometimes to organisations) who have completed outstanding research, invented ground-breaking
techniques or equipment, or made an outstanding contribution to society in physics, chemistry,
literature, peace, medicine or physiology and economics. They are widely regarded as the supreme commendation in their respective subject areas. Those honoured with a Prize are known as
Nobel Laureates.
The Prizes were instituted by the Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel through his will. They were first
awarded in 1901, five years after Nobels death. The prize in economics, instituted by the Bank of
Sweden, has been awarded since 1969.
As of October 2006, a total of 781 Nobel Prizes have been awarded, 763 to individuals (33 of
these to women) and 18 to organizations.
Prize Categories
Categories
Awarding Body
Nobel Prize in Physics
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Nobel Prize in Medicine
Karolinska Institutet
Nobel Prize in Literature
Swedish Academy
Nobel Prize in Peace
Norwegian Nobel Committee
Nobel Prize in Economics
Nobel Prize Winners for 2006

Prize Category
Winner
Peace
Prof. Muhammad Yunus (Bangladesh)

and Grameen Bank
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2.
Physics
Dr. Jo hn C. Mather (USA)

Dr. Gorge F. Smoot (USA)
Medicine
Dr. Andrew Z. Fire (USA)

Dr. Craig C. Mello (USA)
Chemistry
Dr. Roger D. Kornberg (USA)
Literature
Mr. Orhan Pamuk (Turkey)
Economics
Dr. Edmund S. Phelps (U SA)
Man Booker Prize

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction, also known as the Booker Prize, is one of the worlds
most prestigious literary prizes, awarded each year for the best original full-length novel
written by a citizen of the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland in the English language. The Booker prize was started by Booker McConnel, a multinational conglomerate
company in 1969. This award is administered by Book Trust in the United Kingdom. For the
year 2006, the prize has been awarded to Indian novelist Kiran Desai for The Inheritance
of Loss.
3.
Ramon Magsaysay Award

Ramon Magsaysay Award or the Magsaysay Award is the Asian equivalent of the Nobel Prize. The
Ramon Magsaysay Award was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) based in New York City. With the concurrence of the Philippine government, the
prize was created to commemorate Ramon Magsaysay, the late President of the Philippines, and
to perpetuate his example of integrity in government, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society.
Every year the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation gives away prizes to Asian individuals
and organizations for achieving excellence in their respective fields. The awards are given in
six categories:
Government Service
Public Service
Community Leadership
Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication arts
Peace and International Understanding
Emergent Leadership
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Ramon Magsaysay Award Winners for 2006

1. Ek Sonn Chan (Cambodia)
2. Park Won Soon (South Korea)
3. Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation (Phillipines)
4. Antonio Meloto (Phillipines)
5. Eugenia Duran Apostol (Phillipines)
6. Sanduk Ruit (Nepal)
7. Arvind Kejriwal (India)
INDIAN AWARDS
1. Civilian Awards
i. Bharat Ratna The title Bharat Ratna translates literally to the Gem of India. It is the
highest civilian award in India given for exceptional contribution to the field of Art, Literature,
Science and Public Service. The award was instituted by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first president
of India in 1954. The award initially carried a gold medal 35mm in diameter having Sun on one
side and state National Emblem on the other. The design of the medal was altered a year later in
1955. The first Bharat Ratna was awarded to Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan in 1954. The last
awardees were Lata Mangeshkar and late Ustad Bismillah Khan in 2001.
ii. Padma Vibhushan Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award in India, awarded
for exceptional and distiunguished service to the nation in any field including government
service.
Name
Field
Native State
Adoor Gopalakrishnan
Arts
Kerala
C.R. Krishnaswamy Rao
Civil Service
Tamil Nadu
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Charles Correa
Science
Maharashtra
Mahashweta Devi
Literature & Education
West Bengal
Nirmala Deshpande
Social Work
Delhi
Norman E. Borlaug
Science
Mexico
Obaid Siddiqui
Science
Karnataka
Prakash Narain Tandon
Medicine
Delhi
Justice V.N. Khare
Public Affairs
Uttar Pradesh
2. Other Important Awards

i. Param Vir Chakra The Param Vir Chakra is the highest gallantry award for officers from
all branches of the armed forces for the highest degree of valour in the presence of an enemy.
The award was instituted in 1950 by the then President Dr. Rajendra Prasad, with retrospective
effect from 1947. The first Chakra was awarded posthomously to Major Somnath Sharma.
The Param Vir Chakra was last awarded posthmously to Capt. Vikram Batra, Lt. Manoj
Kumar Pandey, Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav and Rifleman Sanjay Kumar who fought
the 1999 Kargil War.
ii. Jnanpith Award - The Jnanpith Award instituted in 1961 is the highest literary honour
conferred in India. It is presented by the Jnanpith Trust, which is largely owned by the The
Times group. The award includes a cheque for Rs. 500,000, a citation plaque and a bronze
replica of Vagdevi (Devi Saraswati, the godess of learning). Any Indian citizen who writes in
any of the official languages of India is eligible for the honour.
Before 1982, the awards were given for a single work by a writer. From 1982, the award has
been given for a lifetime contribution to Indian literature. The first recipient of the award was
Malayalam writer G Sankara Kurup in 1965. In 2006, the award was presented to Marathi writer
Vrinda Karandikar for the year 2003.
iii. Dada Saheb Phalke Award The Dada Saheb Phalke Award is the highest honour presented by the Indian government to an artist who has, over the years made a significant
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contribution to the field of cinema. The award was instituted in 1969, the birth centenary
year of Dada Saheb Phalke, the father of Indian cinema. The first winner of the award was
actress Devika Rani. Malayalam film director, Adoor Gopalakrishnan was the recipient
of the award for 2005.
End of Chapter
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Commonly used abbreviations
Chapter 14
Abbreviations
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ABBREVIATIONS
AAA
AAFI
ABC
ABLE
AC
AD
ADB
ADBS
AFI
AFMS
AFP
AG
AI
AIDS
AIG
AINEC
ALGOL
AMIE
ANC
ANERT
ANN
AOC
APCTT
AQA
APEC
APM
ARPANET
ART
ASCII
ASEAN
ASEM
ASLV
ASPO
ASP
ATC
ATM
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Asian Atheletics Association

Amateur Atheletics Federation of India
Atomic Biological and Chemical (warfare)
Association of Biotechnology led Enterprises
Ante Christum
Anno Domini
Asian Development Bank
Advanced Data Broadcast System
Atheletics Federation of India
Armed Forces Medical College
Agence France Presse
Accountant General
Artificial Intelligence
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
American International Group
All India Newspaper Editors Conference
Algebraic Oriented Language
Associate Member of the Institute of Engineers
African National Congress
Agency for Non-conventional Energy and Rural Technology
Artificial Neural Network
Air Officer Commanding
Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology
Assessment and Qualification Alliance
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
Administered Price Mechanism
Advanced Research Project Agency Network
Assisted Reproductive Technologies
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Association of South East Asian Nations
Asia-Europe Meeting
Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
Asoociation for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas
Application Service Provider
Air Traffic Control
Automated Teller Machine
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ATP
ATS
AU
AVRC
AVATAR
AWACS
BBC
BBS
BC
BCG
BHP
BIOS
BIS
BIT
BOT
BPO
BPR
BPS
BRO
CABE
CAD
CADA
CAFTA
CAG
CAN
CAPA
CAS
CAT
CBDT
CBFC
CBM
CBU
CADC
CDMA
CECA
CERT
CFC
CFSL
CGI
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Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
Anti-Tetanus Serum
Astronomical Units
Audio Video Research centre
Aerobic Vehicle for Hypersonic Aerospace Transportation
Airborne Warning and Control System
British Broadcasting Corporation
Bulletin Board Service
Before Christ
Bacillus Calrnette-Guerin (anti TB)
Brake Horsepower
Basic Input Output System
Bank of International Settlement
Binary Digit
Build, Operate and Transfer
Business Process Outsourcing
Business Process Re-engineering
Bytes per Second
Border Roads Organisation
Central Advisory Board of Education
Computer Aided Design
Command Area Development Authority
Central American Free Trade Agreement
Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
Centre for Asia-Pacific Aviation
Conditional Access System
Computerized Axial Tomography (CT)
Central Board of Direct Taxes
Central Board of Film Certification
Confidence Building Measures
Completely built up
Center for the Development of Advanced Computing
Code Division Multiple Access
Comprehensive Economic Co-operation Agreement
Computer Emergency Response Team
Chloro Fluoro Carbons
Central Forensic Science Laboratory
Common Gateway Interface
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CGS
CIBIL
CIF
CIS
CISC
CITU
CMIE
COFEPOSA
COPRA
CPWD
CRM
CSC
CSO
CTBT
CVC
CWC
DDT
DHSD
DMA
DNA
DPT
DSL
DTP
DVD
DVI
EAM
ECA
ECG
EDI
EFTA
EIS
EMI
EOU
EPCI
EPROM
EPZ
ER&DC
ERNET
ESA
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Chief of General Staff

Credit Information Bureau of India
Cost, Insurance and Freight
Commonwealth of Independent States
Complex Instruction Set Computing
Centre of Indian Trade Union
Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy
Conservative of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act
Consumer Protection Act
Central Public Works Department
Customer Relation Management
Customer Service Centre
Central Statistical Organisation
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
Chief Vigilance Commission
Chemical Weapons Convention
Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane
Duplex-High Speed Data Service
Direct Memory Access
Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid
Diphtheria, pertussisand tetanus (vaccine)
Digital Subscriber Line
Desktop Publishing
Digital Versatile Disc
Digital Video Interactive
Emergency Action Message
Essential Commodities Act
Electro Cardiogram
Electronic Data Interchange
European Free Trade Association
Executive Information System
Equated Monthly Installments
Export Oriented Unit
Enhanced Proliferation Control Initiative
Erasable, Programmable Read Only Memory
Export Processing Zone
Electronic Research and Development Center
Educational and Research Network
European Space Agency
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ESCAP
ESMA
ESR
ETT
EVA
EVE
FAO
FBI
FBT
FBTR
FCI
FCRA
FEMA
FIFA
FIR
FIRE
FLAG
FOSDIC
FPD
FTII
GAAP
GAIN
GATS
GDP
GDR
GLS
GMO
GPS
GSI
GSLV
GSM
HAL
HFD
HIV
HTML
HTR
Http
HUDCO
IA
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Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

Essential Services Maintenance Act
Electron Spin Resonance
Embryo Transfer Technology
Economic Value Added
Economic Valuation of the Environment
Food and Agriculture Organisation
Federal Bureau of investigation
Fringe Benefit Tax
Fast Breeder Test Reactor
Food Corporation of India
Foreign Contribution Regulation Act
Foreign Exchange Management Act
Federation Internationale de Football Association
First Information Report
Fully integrated robotised engine
Fibre optic Link Around the Globe
Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computers
Flat panel display
Films and Television Institute of India
Generally Accepted Accounting Practices
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition
General Agreement on Trade and Services
Gross Domestic Product
Global Depository Receipt
Geographical Information System
Genetically Modified Organisms
Global Positioning System
Geological Survey of India
Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
Global System for Mobile Communications
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
High Frequency
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Hyper Text Markup Language
High Temperature Reactor
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Housing and Urban Development Corp.
Indian Airlines
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IAAI
IAEA
IARI
IAS
IATA
IBRD
ICAR
ICCR
ICJ
ICMR
ICRA
ICU
ICWAI
IDBI
IEEE
IFC
IIPA
IISS
ILO
IMF
INA
INS
INSAT
IP
IPC
IPCL
IPS
IRBM
IRDP
ISBN
ISDN
ISI
ISKCON
ISRO
ISSN
ITBP
ITI
ITU
IVF
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International Atomic Authority of India

International Atomic Energy Agency
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
Indian Administrative Service
International Air Transport Association
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Indian Council for Cultural Relations
International Court of Justice
Indian Council of Medical Research
Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India
Intensive Care Unit
Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India
Industrial Development Bank of India
Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers
Industrial Finance Corporation; International Finance Corporation
Indian Institute of Public Administration
International Institute of Strategic Studies
International Labour Organisation
International Monetary Fund
Indian National Army
Indian Newspaper Society
Indian National Satellite
Internet Protocol
Indian Penal Code
Indian Petro-Chemicals Corporation LTD
Indian Police Service: Inter Press Service
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
Integrated Rural Development Programme
International Standard Book Number
Integrated Services Digital Network
Indian Statistical Institute
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
Indian Space Research Organisation
International Standard Serial Number
Indo-Tibetan Border Police
Indian Telephone Industries; Industrial Training Institute
International Telecommunication Union
In-Vitro Fertilisation
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IVM
JPEG
LASER
LASIK
LCD
MIBBS
MICR
MIPS
MLA
MMTC
MODEM
MODVAT
MOU
MPEG
MRTPC
NABARD
NAFED
NAFTA
NASA
NATO
NAV
NBOT
NCAER
NCC
NCERT
NDA
NGO
NHPC
NMDC
NOC
NPC
NRS
NSUI
NTPC
NTSE
OAS
OAU
OCR
OECD
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In-Vitro maturation
Joint Photographic Expert Group
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Liquid Crystal Display
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
Magnetic ink character recognition
Million Instructions per Second
Member of Legislative Assembly
Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation
Modulator demodulator
Modified Value Added Tax
Memorandum of Understanding
Motion Picture Experts Group
Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
National Agricultural Co-Operative Marketing Federation
North American Free Trade Agreement
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Net Asset Value
National Board of Trade
National Council of Applied Economic Research
National Cadet Corps
National Council of Educational Research and Training
National Defence Academy
Non-Government Organisation
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation
National Mineral Development Corporation
No Objection Certificate
National Productivity Council
National Readership Survey
National Students Union of India
National Thermal Power Corporation
National Talent Search Examination
Organisation of American States
Organisation of African Unity
Optical Character Recognition
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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OIC
OPEC
ORT
PAC
PAN
PCM
PETA
PIB
PIL
Pin
PM
PMG
POTA
POW
PSLV
PVC
PWD
R&D
RADAR
RAM
RDX
RITES
RNA
ROM
RPM
RSS
R.S.V.P
SAM
SAPTA
SARS
SCI
SDR
SGPC
SIM
SITA
SLR
SMTP
STC
STD
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Organisation of Islamic Conference

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Oral Rehyderation Therapy
Public Accounts committee
Permanent Account Number
Pulse code modulation
People for Ethical Treatment of Animals
Press Information Bureau
Public Interest Litigation
Postal Index Number
Post Meridiem; Prime Minister
Post Master General
Prevention of Terrorism Act
Prisoner of war
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Poly vinyl Chloride
Public Works Department
Research and Development
Ratio Detecting and Ranging
Random Access Memory
Research Department Explosive (Cyclotrimethylin Trinitratetrate)
Rail Indian Technical & Economic Services
Ribonucleic acid
Read Only Memory
Revolutions per Minute
Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh
Repondez Sil Vous Plait (Reply if you please)
Surface to Air Missile
South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement
Severe Actual Respiratory Syndrome
Shipping Corporation of India
Special Drawing Rights
Siromani Gurudwara Prabandak Committee
Subscriber Information Module
Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act
Statutory Liquidity Ratio
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
State Trading Corporation
Subscriber Trunk Dialing; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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SUV
SWOT
TADA
TAFTA
TCP
TDMA
TELCO
TIFR
TISCO
TMO
TQM
TRIPS
UAV
UGC
UNCED
UNCIP
UNCLOS
UNCSTD
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UNEP
UNESCO
UNI
UNICEF
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UPA
UPS
UPSC
URL
VCR
VHS
VIP
VPI
WAN
WEF
WFTU
WHO
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Sports Utility Vehicle

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention Act)
Trans-Atlantic Free Trade Agreement
Transfer Call Protocol
Time Division Multiple Access
Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Tata Iron and Steel Company
Telegraphic Money Order
Total Quality Management
Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
University Grants Commission
UN Conference on Environment & Development
United Nations Commission for India & Pakistan
United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea
United Nations Conference on Science and
Technology for Development
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
United Nations Population Fund
United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund
(Now United Nations Childrens Fund)
United Nations Industrial Development Fund for Women
United Progressive Alliance
Uninterrupted Power Supply
Union Public Service Commission
Uniform Resource Locator
Video Cassette Recorder
Video Home System
Very Important Person
Virtual Private Internet
World Association of Newspapers; Wide Area Network
World Economic Forum
World Federation of Trade Unions
World Health Organisation
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WMD
WMO
WPI
WTO
WWF
WWW
YMCA
YWCA
ZIP
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Weapons of Mass Destruction

World Meteorological Organisation
Wholesale Price Index
World Trade Organisation
World Wildlife Fund, now renamed Worldwide Fund for Nature
World Wide Web
Young Mens Christian Association
Young Womens Christian Association
Zone Improvement Plan
End of Chapter
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The Human Body
Food and Nutrition
Human Diseases
Branches of Science
Scientific Inventions and Discoveries
Scientific Instruments
Chapter 15
Science
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THE HUMAN BODY

The Human Body is a complicated system consisting of millions of cells organised uniquely and functioning
dynamically together. The complexities are better understood when theyre highlighted. Anatomists find it
useful to divide the human body into eight systems, as listed below
The System of the Human Body

1. The Skeletal System
The framework of the human body is made up of bones. First are the bones of the skull.These consist
of
i) 8 bones of the cranium (brain case),
ii) 14 bones of the face - the facial bones include the bones of the nose, throat and the upper and lower
jaws.
Second are the bones of the trunk. These include breast bones, ribs, the back bone, collar bones,
shoulder blades and hip bones. Third are the bones of the upper limbs. Fourth are the bones of the lower
limbs. Lastly there are various types of joints that help in linking the bones.
The functions of the skeletal system are
a) It helps us to stand up straight.
b) It supports the weight of the body
c) It protects the delicate parts of the body like the brain, the heart and the lungs.
2. The Muscular
The framework of the human body is covered with skin. Under the skin there are pieces of flesh
fixed either on the bones or on the walls of the organs. These are called muscles. There are over
six hundred muscles in the human body. Muscles can be classified into two main types.
a) Voluntary muscles which are controlled by our will
b) Involuntary muscles which are not controlled by our will and are found on the walls of the inner
organs.
The muscles of the heart are called Cardiac muscles and are involuntary.
3. The Nervous System
It comprises of the Brain (cerebrum), Spinal Cord and Nerves. The Brain controls thinking, will and
memory. Reflex actions are controlled by the Spinal Cord. Nerves act as links between the Brain and
voluntary muscles. They help in transportation of the message to the Brain.
4. The Digestive System
Whether awake or asleep some parts of the human body are always wearing out. It is the food that is
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needed to repair this wear and tear. The food supplies the body not only with energy but also heat as
well. Before it can supply the building material, food must be eaten and digested. The organs which help
in digestion are;
a) Mouth
b) Gullet
c) Stomach
d) Duodenum
e) Small intestines
f) Large intestines
g) Pancreas
h) Liver
All the above mentioned organs together constitute the Digestive System of the human body.
5. The Respiratory System
It is the mechanism of the human body which helps us to breathe air into our lungs to get oxygen.
Oxygen comes in contact with haemoglobin which in turn comes in contact with food to give heat
and energy.
We breathe 16 to 18 times a minute. When we breathe, air passes through the larynx and down into the
trachea. The trachea divides itself into two branchesone goes to the right lung and other to the
left lung.
6. The Circulatory System
Digestive system helps in making blood, respiratory system purifies it and circulatory system circulates
it in order to give energy and heat to the different parts of the human body. The heart is the pumping
station, hollow, muscular and mango shaped. Impure blood from all parts of the body comes to the
heart. It pumps it into the lungs for purification. The purified blood is then circulated to all parts of the
body by the heart.
Cardiac muscles help the heart to contract and expand. This action causes the beating of the heart. In
the case of a normal adult heart beats at the rate of 72 times/minute. The vessels that take the pure blood
from the heart to different parts of the body are called Arteries. The vessels that bring back the impure
blood to the heart to be pumped to the lungs are called Veins.
7. The Urinary System
Everyday the food and drinks we take in provide us with essential vitamins, minerals, fats,
proteins, carbohydrates etc. These essential materials are absorbed by the alimentary canal
and the waste left behind is thrown out of the body with the help of the Urinary System.
a) The Kidneys - These are two bean shaped organs, one on either side of the spinal column. While the
blood is flowing through the kidneys, they strain out the poisonous waste matters which together with
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the water (that the kidneys take of the blood) form the urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through a
tube that leads from each kidney to the urinary bladder.
b) The Lungs - The Lungs are an essential part of the body whose principal function is to excrete
carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.
c) The Skin - Another organ that plays a significant part in the removal of the waste from the body is
the skin. It is composed of outer and inner layers. There are a large number of sweat glands in the inner
layer of the skin. Each one of these has a little tube that leads out to the surface of the skin. The sweat
contains salt and waste matters similar to those in the urine. Its functions are
i) To throw out the waste matter
ii) To protect the inner organs
iii) To give sensation of touch
iv) To give shape to the body
8. The Reproductive System - Through the reproductive system, adult human beings procreate.
Reproduction begins when sperm cell from a man fertilises an egg cell from a woman.
Components of a Body
1. Blood
Blood is a highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid
medium known as plasma. The cellular constituents of blood are
Red Blood Cells (RBC) - which carry respiratory gases and give it red colour
White Blood Cells (leukocytes) - which fight disease and
Platelets - cell fragments which play an important part in the clotting of the blood.
Anatomically, blood is considered a connective tissue from both its origin in the bones and its function.
Functions of blood :
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
It
It
It
It
It
helps in supply of oxygen to tissues.

supplies nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids to all parts of the body.
helps in removal of waste such as carbon dioxide, urea and lactic acid.
helps body in its self-repair mechanism.
helps in regulation of body temperature.
2. Bones
Bone is a hard connective tissue that constitutes the sketal system of the body. It supports the body,
helps the body move and protects the body. It also produces RBC and WBC and stores minerals. A
baby is born with about 300 bones which join together as they grow. An adult has 206 bones.
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Femur or the thigh bone is the largest bone in the body while The stapes or the stirrup bone is the
smallest bone in the body.
3. The Human Brain
Human brain is the anteriormost part of the nervous system in the body. The brain controls the involutary
functions of the human body like heartbeat, respiration, digestion, sensory actions, and movement. The
brain consists of three parts
i. Cerebrum It is the largest part of the brain consisting of two spheres which help in controlling
voluntary actions of the body.
ii. Cerebullum A large mass having ridges and furrows, attached to the cerebrum, it regulates
muscular movements of the body.
iii. Medula Oblongata It is the lowermost part of the brain which extends as the spinal cord in the
vertebral coloumns.
4. Nerves
Human body is made up of 72.418 km of nerves that constitute the nervous system. Nerves help in
transportation of messages to the brain in the form of impulses. The impulses travel at a speed of
360km/hr.
5. The Heart
The Heart is the pumping station of the body, hollow, muscular and mango shaped. Impure blood from
all parts of the body comes to the heart and it pumps it into the lungs for purification. The purified blood
is then circulated to all parts of the body by the heart. In a day 27949.3 litres of blood is pumped through
99776.6 km of blood vessels in a day.
FOOD AND NUTRITION

Every action of human beings, mental or physical, needs energy to repair the wear and tear of the tissues
of the human body.The food supplies the body with the essential energy and heat. It also helps in the
growth of the body.Some constituents of food produce heat and energy while others help in the growth
and repair of the worn out tissues. So the food stuffs are divided into various classes according to their
functions namely
1. Proteins - These are complex compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorous
and a large quantity of nitrogen. They are present in the white of an egg as albumen; in meat as myosin;
in flour as glutens and in dals as legumin. Their uses are to
i) Build up the tissues of the body
ii) Produce energy
iii) Repair the worn out tissues.
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2. Fats - These are the compounds of glycerine and fatty acids which contain carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen. Butter, ghee and various vegetable oils provide necessary fats to the body.
The uses of fats are
i. To produce heat and energy
ii. To help in burning carbohydrates
iii. To prevent the loss of heat from the body because fats are bad conductors of heat.
iv. To serve as reserve food.
3. Carbohydrates - These are compounds of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Of the three elements,
the last two are present in the same ratio in water. They include sugar and various starches found in
wheat, rice, maize and potatoes.
The uses of the carbohydrates are to supply heat and energy.
4. Mineral Salts - These are the salts of calcium, iron and sodium. The salts of calcium strengthen the
bones, salts of iron enrich the blood and the common salts are the source of hydrochloric acid in the
gastric juice. We get salts of calcium from milk and eggs and salts of iron from green vegetables, meat
and eggs.
5.
i.
ii.
iii.
Water - It is the compound of oxygen and hydrogen.Its uses for the human body are
It acts as a solvent of food
It flushes out the kidneys and helps in digestion
It helps in bowel movements in the body.
6.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Vitamins - These are natural substances present in various food items. Their uses are
They help in the growth and repair of the tissues of the human body
They purify the blood
They help in digestion
They eliminate harmful products from the body.
Vitamins are water as well as fat soluble. They can be classified as:
i. Vitamin A - It is found in milk, butter, ghee, eggs, carrots, tomatoes green vegetables and cod-liver
oil. It promotes digestion, growth, the functioning of eyes & ears and checks anaemia. A deficiency of
Vitamin A causes rickets and night blindness.
ii. Vitamin B - It is soluble in water and is found in seeds of plants, egg yolk, many fruits, vegetables
and grains. It is removed when rice is polished or wheat is made into maida. It helps in growth, and
enhances functioning of the nervous system. A deficiency of Vitamin B leads to beri beri, intestinal
stasis, and enlargement of liver.
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iii. Vitamin C - It is soluble in water and is found in green vegetables, juicy fruits (lemons, oranges)
tomatoes, cabbage, turnip and onions. It helps in development of bones, reducing diseases of liver and
disorders of stomach. Its deficiency causes scurvy and defective teeth and bones.
iv. Vitamin D - It is found in milk, butter, ghee, eggs, cod liver oil and sun rays. It helps in bone
formation. Its deficiency causes rickets, osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
v. Vitamin E - It is found in wheat oil, green vegetables, peas, oats and corns. It helps in keeping away
sterility. Its deficiency leads to sterility.
vi. Vitamin K - It is found in fish and wheat. It helps in coagulation of blood.
HUMAN DISEASES
A disease is a condition that impairs the proper functioning of a part of the body or the body as a whole
(multiple organ failure). Hundreds of different diseases exist. Diseases can be classified as
1. Deficiency Diseases - These are diseases caused by a deficiency of nutrients in a humans diet.
Some important deficiency diseases are given below
Disease
Caused due to Deficiency of
Kwashiorkar and Marasmus
Protein
Anaemia
Iron (Mineral)
Goitre
Iodine (Mineral)
Night Blindness
Vitamin A
Dermatosis
Beri-Beri
Vitamin B1
Riboflavinosis
Vitamin B2
2. Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases are those that can be passed from one person to another
by means of environment. It is caused by small agents such as bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa.
Some of the commonly known infectious diseases known to humans are
i. Bacterial Diseases Common bacterial disease are thyphoid, tetanus, cholera, pneumonia, leprosy,
plague, whooping cough, meningitis, diptheria etc.
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ii. Viral Disease Common viral diseases are chickenpox, measles, rabies, mumps, influenza, hepatitis,
encephalitis, AIDS etc.
iii. Fungal Diseases Common fungal diseases are ringworm, atheletes foot, dhobis itch etc.
iv. Protozoan Diseases Common protozoan diseases are malaria, sleeping sickness, kalaazar, diarrhoea
etc.
3. Diseases of Eye - A disease in the eye generally causes the defect in vision. This defect in vision is
called astigmatism. Some of the common diseases that affect the eye are cataract, glaucoma, hypermetropia, and trachoma.
BRANCHES OF SCIENCES
Acoustics
Aerodynamics
:
:
Aeronautics
:
Anatomy
:
Anaesthesiology :
Anthropology
Archaeology
:
:
Astronautics
Astrophysics
Astronomy
Bacteriology
Biology
Biophysics
Botany
Cardiology
Ceramics
Chemistry
Cosmetology
Cosmology
Cytopathology
Dermatology
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
118
The study of sound and sound waves

The study of forces acting upon bodies in motion in the air (e.g., aircraft,
missiles, etc.)
The study of all activities pertaining to aerial locomotion (art of flying)
The science of the structure of the animal/human body learnt by dissection.
A branch of medicine concerned with administration of anaesthetics and the
condition of the patient while under anaesthesia.
The study of the origin and physical and cultural development of mankind.
A scientific study of the material remains of the past as evidence of mans life,
culture and history.
A science dealing with space travel and space vehicles
A branch of astronomy dealing with the physical nature of heavenly bodies.
The science of heavenly bodies (planets)
A branch of microbiology dealing with bacteria
The science of living organisms; subdivided into Botany and Zoology
The physics of the vital processes of living organisms
The science of the plant kingdom
A branch of medicine dealing with the heart
The art of making objects from clay
The study of elements, their behaviour and laws of their combination, etc.
The study of cosmetics and their use
The study of the universeits origin, nature, structure and evolution
The study of diseased cells
A branch of medicine dealing with skin
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Dietetics
Ecology
Entomology
Endocrinology
Etymology
Genetics
Geology
Gerontology
Gynaecology
Haematology
Hepatology
Horticulture
Hydrology
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Hygiene
Immunology
Lithology
Neuropathology
:
:
:
:
Obstetrics
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Orology
Ornithology
Orthopaedics
:
:
:
:
:
:
Paediatrics
Palaeontology
Pathology
:
:
:
Physiology
Psychiatry
Radiology
:
:
:
Theology
Zoology
:
:
The science of diet and nutrition

The study of relationship between organisms and their environment
Deals with study of insects
The study of glands
A study of the origin and history of words
A branch of biology dealing with heredity and the laws that govern it
A study of the chemical composition of the earths crust
A branch medicine studying the ageing process, problems and diseases
A branch of medicine dealing with female diseases of the reproduction system
A branch of medicine studying blood and its disorders
A branch of medicine dealing with liver
A branch of agricultural science dealing with flowers, fruits, vegetables, etc.
The science of water with reference to its occurrence and properties in the
hydrosphere and atmosphere
A branch of medicine dealing with health and its presevation
A branch of medicine dealing with the immune system of the body
The study of the characteristics of rocks
A branch of medicine dealing with changes produced by diseases in the nervous
system
A branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy, labour and child birth
A branch of medicine dealing with tumours
A branch of medicine dealing with eyes and related problems
The study of mountains
The science of birds
A branch of medicine dealing with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the
skeletal system (bones)
A branch of medicine dealing with child diseases (infants)
The study of fossils and ancient life-forms
A branch of medicine that deals with etiologies, mechanisms and manifestation
of diseases
A study of the life processes of various organs of living organisms
The study and treatment of mental and emotional disorders
A branch of medical science dealing with the use of x-rays for diagnosis and
treatment
The study of religions
A branch of biology that deals with animal life
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SCIENTIFIC INVENTIONS
x
Inventor(s)
Country
Year
Adding Machine
(Pascaline)
Blaise Pascal
France
1642
Aeroplane
Wright brothers
US
1903
Ballpoint Pen
Laszlo Biro
Hungary
1938
Barometer
E. Torricelli
Italy
1644
Bicycle
Kirkpatrick
Scotland
1839
Bicycle Tyre
J.B. Dunlop
Scotland
1888
Centigrade Scale
A. Celsius
France
1742
Computer
Charles Babbage
Britain
1820
Cinema
A.L. and
J.L. Lumiere
France
1895
Clock (mechanical)
Hsing and Ling-Tsan
China
1725
Clock (pendulum)
C. Hugyens
The Netherlands
1656
Diesel Engine
Rudolf Diesel
Germany
1892
Dynamite
Alfred Nobel
Sweden
1866
Dynamo
Michael Faraday
England
1831
Electric Lam
Thomas Alva Edison
US
1879
Electromagnet
W. Sturgeon
England
1825
Elevator
E G Otis
US
1852
Fountain Pen
L.E. Waterman
US
1884
Gas Lighting
William Murdoch
Scotland
1794
Gramophone
Thomas Alva Edison
US
1877
Jet Engine
Sir Frank Whittle
England
1937
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Locomotive
Richard Trevithic
England
1804
Machine Gun
Richard Gatling
US
1861
Match (safety)
J.E. Lundstrom
Sweden
1844
Microphone
Alexander Graham
Bell
US
1876
Z. Janssen
The Netherlands
1590
Motor Car (Petrol)
Karl Benz
Germany
1885
Motorcycle
Daimler
Germany
1885
Parachute
JPF Blanchard
France
1785
Photography (film)
John Carbott
US
1888
Printing Press
J. Gutenberg
Germany
1455
Razor (safety)
K.C. Gillette
US
1895
Refrigerator
J. Harrison and A.
Catlin
Britain
1850
Safety Pin
Walter Hunt
US
1849
Sewing Machine
B. Thimmonnier
France
1829
Ship (steam)
J.C. Perier
France
1775
Ship (turbine)
Sir Charles Parsons
Britain
1894
Steam Engine
(piston)
Thomas Newcombe
Britain
1712
Steam Engine
James Watt
Scotland
1765
Stainless Steel
Harry Brearley
England
1913
Submarine
D. Bushnell
US
1776
Telegraph
Sir Ernest Swington
France
1787
Telegraph Code
Samuel F.B. Morse
US
1837
Telephone
Alexander Graham
Bell
US
1876
Telescope
Hans Lippershey
The Netherlands
1608
Microscope
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SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
Instrument Name
Uses
Ammeter
Instrument used for measuring electric current
Barometer
Instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure
Calorimeter
Instrument used for measuring heat quantity
Cardiograph (ECG)
Instrument used for recording movements of the heart
Electrometer
Instrument used for measuring small electric current
Endoscope
Instrument used to examine internal body organs
Galvanometer
Instrument used for measuring electric current
Hydrometer
Instrument used to relative density of liquids
Hygrometer
Instrument used to measure atmospheric humidity
Lactometer
Instrument used to measure relative density of milk
Manometer
Instrument used to measure pressure of gases
Micrometer
Instrument used to measure distances
Microscope
Instrument used to very minute objects
Periscope
Instrument used in submarines to views objects above

sea level
Polygraph
Instrument used to record changes in the physiological

process in the body
Salinometer
Instrument to measure salinity in liquids
Sphygmomanometer
Instrument used to measure blood pressure
Stethoscope
Instrument used to hear sounds produced in the body

by the lungs and the heart
Telescope
Instrument used to view distant objects
Transponder
Instrument used to receive and send signals
Voltmeter
Instrument used to measure the potential electric

difference between two points
Wattmeter
Instrument used to measure the power of an electric

circuit
End of Chapter
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BRM Tests
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BRM Test - 1
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
The Earth completes one rotation on its axis in.

a) 23 h 300 min
b) 23 h 56 min 4.09 sec
c) 24 h
d) 23 h 10 min 2 s
2.
The polar diameter of the Earth is shorter than its equatorial diameter by.
a) 25 km
b) 80 km
c) 43 km
d) 30 km
3.
The layer of atmosphere closest to the Earths surface is called

a) Exosphere
b) Ionosphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Troposphere
The most abundant element in the Earths atmosphere is

a) Argon
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Krypton
The distance between consecutive longitudes at the poles is

a) Zero
b) 18 km
c) 25 km
d) 10 km
4.
5.
6.
Equinox means
a) The days are longer than the nights
b) The nights are longer than the days
c) The days and the nights are equal
d) The shortest day and the shortest night of the year
7.
The heaviest mass revolving round the Sun is

a) Moon
b) Jupiter
c) Neptune
d) Saturn
Which is the hottest planet in our solar system?

a) Venus
b) Neptune
c) Mars
d) Jupiter
The planet nearest to the Earth is

a) Mercury
b) Jupiter
d) Pluto
8.
9.
10.
c) Venus
Which of the following planets, orbits around the Sun in a backward direction from East to
West?
a) Earth
b) Mercury
c) Jupiter
d) Saturn
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11.
The imaginary line on the Earths surface which closely follows 180 meridian, is called
a) The International Date Line
b) The Tropic of Cancer
c) The Equator
d) The Prime Meridian
12.
The McMahon Line is the border between

a) India and China
b) Indian and Nepal
c) India and Pakistan
d) India and Burma
13.
The Great Barrier Reef is a

a) Hill range
c) Hot water sea
b) Coral formation
d) Tidal bore
The tides in the ocean are caused by the

a) Attraction of the Moon
c) Gravitation of the Earth
b) Spherical surface of the Earth

d) Gravitational attraction of the Sun and the Moon
14.
15.
The Indian Standard Time (IST) is ahead of Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT) by
a) 2 hours
b) 5.5 hours
c) 7.5 hours
d) 6 hours
16.
Kampala is the capital of

a) Uganda
b) Zambia
c) Kenya
d) None of these
The modern capital of Brazil is

a) Rio de Janeiro
b) Sao Paulo
c) El Salvador
d) Brasilia
The largest river in Asia is

a) Yangtze
b) Brahmaputra
c) Indus
d) Mekong
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Area wise, which is the largest ocean in the World?

a) The Atlantic
b) The Indian
c) The Pacific
d) The Arctic
Southern Rhodesia is the new name of

a) Zaire
b) Zimbabwe
d) Swaziland
c) Tanzania
The Land of the Morning Calm refers to

a) Japan
b) Korea
c) Taiwan
d) Netherlands
Which of the following countries is known as The Land of the Thunder Bolt?
a) Taiwan
b) Tibet
c) Bhutan
d) Japan
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23.
The Sick Man of Europe is the nick name for

a) Rome
b) Turkey
c) Italy
d) Oxford
24.
Which of the following countries has the largest area in the World?
a) Canada
b) China
c) USA
d) Russia
25.
Which of the following rivers crosses the Equator twice?

a) The Amazon
b) The Nile
c) The Congo
d) The Orinoco
Mount Everest is located in which country?

a) India
b) China
c) Nepal
d) Bhutan
Which is the worlds largest mountain range?

a) The Alps
b) The Himalaya
c) The Andes
d) The Atlas
The largest Island in the world is

a) Australia
b) Greenland
c) New Guinea
d) None of these
Bauxite is an important ore of

a) Aluminium
b) Zinc
c) Copper
d) Mica
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Which of the following countries leads in the production of gold?

a) India
b) Bhutan
c) Tibet
d) South Africa
31.
Which of the following countries leads in the production of tea?

a) India
b) Myanmar
c) Sri Lanka
d) Japan
32.
Which country is the largest producer of silk?

a) India
b) Japan
c) China
d) Brazil
Which country is the largest producer of rubber in the world?

a) Sri Lanka
b) Malaysia
c) India
d) Brazil
Which country produces the maximum sugar in the world?

a) USA
b) India
c) Cuba
d) Brazil
33.
34.
35.
Which of the following planets has the maximum number of satellites?

a) Jupiter
b) Saturn
c) Earth
d) Mars
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36.
Who discovered the sea route to India?

a) Vasco Da Gama in 1498
c) Magellan in 1506
b) Columbus in 1402
d) Sir Hopkins in 1698
37.
Which of the following atmospheric layer helps in radio communication?

a) Exosphere
b) Ionosphere
c) Troposphere
d) Stratosphere
38.
Riyal is the currency of which country?

a) Romania
b) Saudi Arabia
c) Japan
The term Third World refers to the

a) Developed countries
c) Oil rich countries
b) Underdeveloped and developing countries

d) Asian countries
39.
d) Libya
40.
Which of the following soils is best suited for wheat cultivation?

a) Black soil
b) Red soil
c) Laterite soil
d) Deep rich soil
41.
Who was the first to classify the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
a) Aristotle
b) Plato
c) Antipater
d) Socrates
42.
Which among the following is the worlds longest road?

a) The Grant Trunk Road
b) The Broadway Street
c) The Pan-American Highway
d) The Monumental Axis
43.
Who was the painter of the Mona Lisa?

a) Leonardo da Vinci
c) Henry Smith
b) F.A. Bartholdi
d) None of these
44.
The New York version of the Statue of Liberty was engineered by

a) A.G. Eiffel
b) Henry Smith
c) Sir Edwin Lutyens
d) None of these
45.
The Kangaroo is the national emblem of

a) Canada
c) Italy
b) Australia
d) Ireland
The Water Lily is the national emblem of

a) Denmark
c) Italy
b) Bangladesh
d) Luxembourg
46.
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47.
The Shora is the Parliament of which country?

a) Algeria
b) Iran
c) Afghanistan
d) Austria
48.
The Parliament of Japan is called

a) Dail
c) Cortes
b) Sejim
d) Diet
Reuters is the news agency of

a) United Kingdom
c) Former USSR
b) United States
d) Germany
49.
50.
Who is the first woman and Asian to head the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)?
a) Tanya Mitra
b) Chitra Natrajan
c) Chitra Bharucha
d) Payal Ranganathan
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BRM Test - 2
Questions: 50
1.
2.
The French Revolution began in the year

a) 1770
b) 1788
Time : 25 Mins.
c) 1789
The Renaissance took place in Europe in

a) 12th century
b) 14th century
c) 15th century
d) 1750
d) 18th century
3.
Who emerged as a great leader in France as result of the French Revolution ?

a) Voltaire
b) Napoleon Bonaparte
c) Karl Marx
d) None of these
4.
The Russian Revolution took place in the year

a) 1917
b) 1914
c) 1910
d) 1920
The Bolsheviks are associated with

a) France
b) Germany
c) Russia
d) England
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?

a) Lenin
b) Karl Marx
c) Stalin
d) None of these
5.
6.
7.
Which was Napoleons last battle in which he was captured and exiled to St. Helena?
a) The Battle of Trafalgar
b) The Battle of Austerlitz
c) The Battle of Waterloo
d) The Battle of Leipzig
8.
Karl Marx belonged to which country?

a) Italy
b) Yugoslavia
c) Russia
d) Germany
World War I started in which year?

a) 1912
b) 1914
c) 1910
d) 1916
World War II started in which year?

a) 1938
b) 1935
c) 1939
d) 1940
The Treaty of Versailles was signed in

a) 1914
b) 1920
c) 1928
d) 1919
The UNO came into existence in

a) 1946
b) 1945
c) 1947
d) 1950
9.
10.
11.
12.
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13.
14.
15.
The headquarter of the UNO are located at

a) New York
b) Paris
c) Washington DC
d) Geneva
The UN Security Council has how many permanent members?

a) 5
b) 7
c) 8
d) 15
The UN day is officially celebrated on

a) 25th Dec
b) 24th Oct
d) 25th Nov
c) 24th Sept
16.
Which of the following is not a principal body of UNO?

a) Security Council
b) International Court of Justice
c) Trusteeship Council
d) UNICEF
17.
How many official working languages are recognized by the UNO?

a) 8
b) 7
c) 6
d) 5
18.
The headquarters of the International Labour Organisation is located at

a) Geneva
b) The Hague
c) New York
d) Rome
19.
Kofi Annan was appointed as the Secretary General of the UNO in which year?
a) 2000
b) 1999
c) 1998
d) 1997
20.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) was established in the year

a) 1945
b) 1948
c) 1957
d) 1950
21.
Which of the following UN organizations is concerned with the welfare of children throughout the world?
a) UNESCO
b) UNICEF
c) WHO
d) FAO
22.
In which years did India become a member of the UNO?

a) 1948
b) 1947
c) 1946
d) 1945
23.
The headquarters of the International Court of Justice is located at

a) New York
b) The Hague
c) Geneva
d) Washinton D C
24.
Who was the first Chairman of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC)?
a) Gen. Zia ur Rehman
b) Lt Gen. H.M. Ershad
c) King Birendra
d) Mrs Indira Gandhi
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25.
26.
The Red Cross was founded by

a) J. H. Durant
b) Baden Powell
Match the following
A) Rig Veda
B) Yajur Veda
C) Sama Veda
D) Atharva Veda
a)
b)
c)
d)
27.
28.
A
2
3
4
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
B
3
4
2
2
C
4
2
3
1
D
1
1
1
3
b) Mao-Tse-tung
d) None of these
Match the following:

Author
A) Kautilya
B) Panini
C) Maharishi Ved Vyas
D) Sarojini Naidu
A
1
4
3
2
B
4
1
2
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
2
3
4
4
Work
Broken Wing
Arthashastra
Ashtadhyayi
Bhagawad Gita
D
3
2
1
1
29.
Who is the author of the book A Passage to India?

a) E.M. Forster
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Minoo Masani
d) None of these
30.
Swami and Friends was written by

a) R.K. Laxman
b) R.K. Narayan
31.
c) Mulk Raj Anand d) None of these
Dak Ghar was written by

a) R.K. Narayan
b) Mulk Raj Anand c) R.K. Laxman
d) Frederick Passey
Musical hymns
Sacrifices and rituals
Medicine
Sacred Prayers
Das Kapital was written by

a) Lenin
c) Karl Marx
a)
b)
c)
d)
c) Trygve Lie
d) Rabindranath Tagore
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32.
33.
34.
35.
Who is the author of Anandamath ?

a) Iqbal
c) Tara Shankar Bandyopadhyay
b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

d) None of these
Panchatantra was written by

a) Bhasa
b) Jaya Deva
c) Vishnu Sharma
d) Banabhatta
The author of Malavikagnimitram was

a) Harisena
b) Kalidasa
c) Vatsabhatti
d) Bhavabhuti
The number of the Upanishads are

a) 300
b) 108
c) 412
d) 512
36.
India Wins Freedom is a semi-biographical work of

a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Mahatama Gandhi
c) Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
d) None of these
37.
Meghadootam was written by

a) Bhavabhuti
c) Maharishi Ved Vyas
b) Kalidasa
d) Maharishi Valmiki
38.
Which is the controversial book, some pages of which were kept sealed in the Calcutta
Museum to be released after 40 years of independence in 1988?
a) Freedom at Midnight
b) India Wins Freedom
c) India Divided
d) None of these
39.
Who is the author of A Suitable Boy?

a) R.K. Narayanan
c) Amitava Ghosh
b) Nirad C. Chaudhury
d) Vikram Seth
40.
Who among the following is the inventor of a system of writing and printing for the blind?
a) Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
b) Louis Braille
c) Sir Humphrey Davy
d) Christian Huygents
41.
Sigmund Freud is associated with

a) Detective work
c) Psychology
42.
b) Physiology and medicine

d) Leprosy control
Who was the first human to go into space?

a) Edwin Aldrin (USA)
b) Frank Boreman (USA)
c) Yuri Gagarin (Russia)
d) Ghrman S. Titov (Russia)
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43.
Rearrange the following in a chronologically descending order :

1. Aristotle
2. Socrates
3. Confucius
a) 1, 4, 2, 3
b) 3, 4, 2, 1
c) 2, 4, 1, 3
4. Plato
d) 3, 2, 4, 1
44.
Who is said to be the father of Modern Olympics?

a) Robert Dover
b) Pierre de Coubertin
c) Theodosius I
d) Ernest Curtis
45.
In which year did the first Modern Olympic Games take place?
a) 1908
b) 1904
c) 1896
d) 1895
46.
In which year was the International Olympic Committee (IOC) formed?

a) 1893
b) 1894
c) 1895
d) 1896
47.
Where were the first Modern Olympic Games held?

a) Olympia
b) Athens
c) Seoul
d) Los Angeles
48.
In the Line of Fire: A Memoir is the autobiography of

a) Jaswant Singh
b) Muhammad Zia ul Haq
c) Pervez Musharraf
d) George Fernandes
49.
Which country has joined the European Union in January 2007?

a) Romania
b) Switzerland
c) Turkey
d) Latvia
50.
Out of My Comfort Zone is the autobiography of

a) Mark Waugh
b) Steve Waugh
c) Nasser Hussain
d) Alec Stewart
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BRM Test - 3
Questions: 50
1.
2.
3.
4.
Time : 25 Mins.
Bishop is the term associated with which sports?

a) Cricket
b) Polo
c) Chess
d) Golf
The Nobel Prize for Economics was introduced in which year?

a) 1968
b) 1969
c) 1970
d) 1971
In which year was the Nobel Prize first awarded?

a) 1895
b) 1901
c) 1876
d) 1900
Which country awards the Nobel Prize?

a) America
c) Sweden
b) England
d) Ireland
5.
Individually the only person to have outrightly won the Nobel Prize twice is
a) William Lawrence
b) Dr Linus Carl Pauling
c) Marie Curie
d) Antoni Henri Becquerel
6.
Who was the first Indian to have won the Nobel Prize?
a) Dr. C.V. Raman
b) Rabindra Nath Tagore
c) Mother Teresa
d) H.G. Khorana
7.
Which of the following works brought the first Nobel Prize to India?
a) Theory of Relativity
b) Manus Arthashastra
c) Gitanjali
d) Social Work
8.
Who was the first scientist to have received the Nobel Prize in India and in which year ?
a) HG Khorana in 1968
b) CV Raman in 1930
c) CV Raman in 1934
d) HG Khorana in 1940
9.
The first woman to win the Nobel Prize was

a) Mother Teresa
b) Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi
c) Madame Marie Curie
d) None of these
10.
LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by

a) Stimulated Emission of Radio Waves
b) Stimulated Emission of Radiation
c) Spontaneous Emission of Radio Waves d) Spontaneous Emission of Radiation
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11.
AISSF stands for

a) All India Special Services Federation
c) All India Sikh Service Fund
b) All India Shiv Sena Folk

d) All India Sikh Students Federation
12.
What was the name of Indias first base in Antarctica, set up in 1982?
a) Gangotri
b) Maitri
c) Dakshin Gangotri
d) Dakshin Maitri
13.
The currency of Indonesia is

a) Dollar
b) Rupiah
c) Lira
d) Rupee
The deepest lake in the world is the

a) Red Sea
b) Dal Lake
c) Caspian Sea
d) Baikal Lake
The Fourth Estate means

a) The Press
b) The Police
c) The Judiciary
d) The Ministry
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
The Asian Development Bank has its headquarters at

a) Manila
b) Beijing
c) Delhi
d) Tokyo
The Simla Pact was between

a) Russia-India
b) India-Pakistan
c) India-China
d) India-Bangladesh
The Indian Army has been divided into

a) Four commands
c) Six commands
b) Eight commands
d) Five commands
Where is the Holy Land of the World?

a) Amritsar
c) Palestine
b) The Vatican City

d) Egypt
Which country is called the Land of the Rising Sun?

a) Japan
b) Norway
c) Ireland
d) Thailand
Venice is commonly known as the

a) Queen of the Adriatic
c) Queen of Europe
b) Queen of the North

d) Beauty city
Which is the City of Seven Hills?

a) Paris
c) Venice
b) Rome
d) None of these
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23.
24.
25.
26.
Australia is known as the

a) Land of Golden Fleece
c) South Europe
b) Dependent continent
d) Richest Island
The sobriquet used for Norway is the

a) Land of the Midnight Sun
c) Land of the Morning Clam
b) Land of the Rising Sun

d) Land of the Maple Leaf
The Land of the Maple Leaf is the sobriquet of

a) New York
b) Canada
c) Malta
d) Ireland
The Sick Man of Europe is a sobriquet of

a) Turkey
b) France
c) South-hall
d) Berlin
27.
Which of the following is known as the City of the Golden Gate?

a) Amritsar in India
b) London in England
c) San Francisco in USA
d) Sydney in Australia
28.
Numismatics is the study of

a) Coins
b) Numbers
c) Stamps
d) Space
29.
Eugenics is the study of

a) Altering human beings by changing their genetic components
b) The people of European origin
c) The different races of mankind
d) The genetics of plants
30.
Ornithology is the
a) Study of bones
31.
32.
33.
34.
b) Study of birds
c) Study of smells
d) None of these
Entomology deals with

a) Plants
b) Animals
c) Insects
d) Chemicals
Density of milk is measured by a

a) Lactometer
b) Hydrometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
The instrument used to measure electric current is

a) Ammeter
b) Electrometer
c) Galvanometer
d) Spectrometer
Fathometer is used to measure

a) Earthquakes
b) Rainfall
d) Sound intensity
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35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Who among the following invented the Steam Engine?

a) Marconi
b) James Watt
c) Thomas Savery
d) Wright Brothers
Who invented the Typewriter ?

a) Shockley
b) Remington
d) Waterman
c) Scholes
The credit of inventing the television goes to

a) Faraday
b) Baird
c) Edison
d) Marconi
Choose the correct combination

a) Typewriter : Remington
c) Evolution : Darwin
b) Dynamite : Dunlop
d) Aeroplane : Harvey
Who invented the ball-point pen ?

a) Waterman
c) Wilson
b) Oscar
d) Biro brothers
40.
Who among the following evolved the concept of relationship between mass and energy?
a) Einstein
b) Planck
c) Dalton
d) Rutherford
41.
Match the following

Column I
A) Marconi
B) Darwin
C) Laennec
D) Baird
a)
b)
c)
d)
A
1
5
1
3
columns :
Column II
1. Radio
2. Natural selection theory
3. Orthogenesis theory
4. Stethoscope
5. Television
B
3
4
2
5
C
4
3
4
2
D
5
2
5
4
42.
Who among the following is associated with the invention of Computers?

a) Edison
b) Babbage
c) MacMillan
d) Rangabhashyam
43.
Which country has won the 11th Hockey World Cup 2006?
a) New Zealand
b) Australia
c) Argentina
d) Germany
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44.
What is the full form of NASA?

a) National Aeronautical Science Association
b) New Aeronautical and Science Agency
c) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
d) None of these
45.
The Indian Constitution is divided into how many parts?

a) 22
b) 21
c) 20
d) 18
46.
Which city is set to become the first Wi-Max city of India and only the second in the World?
a) Chennai
b) Bangalore
c) Kolkata
d) Mumbai
47.
Which country is the latest member (192 nd ) of the UN?

a) Taiwan
b) Switzerland
c) Malawi
d) Montenegro
Which PSU has won the SCOPE award for the year 2004-05?
a) SAIL
b) ONGC
c) IOC
d) GAIL
48.
49.
Who is the autor of the book A Call to Honor-In Service of Emergent India?
a) Bimal Jalan
b) Arvind Kejriwal
c) Jaswant Singh
d) Yashwant Sinha
50.
Who has won the Tour de France for the year 2006?
a) Lance Armstrong
b) Floyd Landis
c) Tim Henman
d) Carl Johnson
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BRM Test - 4
Questions: 50
1.
2.
Who wrote the book The Art of War?

a) The Duke of Welllington
c) Sun Tzu
Time : 25 Mins.
b) Norman Schwarzkopf
d) Napolean Bonaparte
The smallest unit of data a computer can process is a:

a) Bit
b) Bot
c) Byte
d) Bode
3.
What does GSLV stand for?

a) Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
b) Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle
c) Global Satellite Launch Vehicle
d) Global Synchronous Launch Vehicle
4.
What does PSLV stand for?

a) Payload Servicing Launch Vehicle
b) Perfect Satellite Launch Vehicle
c) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
d) Prithvi Solar Launch Vehicle
5.
ISRO stands for ____________

a) International Satellite Research Organization
b) Indian Satellite Research Organization
c) International Space Research Organization
d) Indian Space Research Organization
6.
Which former President has got two consecutive terms in office?

a) Dr Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
b) Dr. Zakir Hussain
c) Giani Zail Singh
d) Dr Rajendra Prasad
7.
What does the DMK (political party) stand for?

a) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
b) Dravida Moksha Kazhagam
c) Davidra Muntrar Kazhagam
d) Dravidrar Muktikul Kazhagam
8.
Who is the founder of the DMK?

a) M. Karunanidhi
c) C.N. Annadurai
b) Jayalalitha
d) M.G. Ramachandran
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9.
Orygen Trinley Dorje is the real name of

a) 16th Kagyu Karmapa
c) Rimpoche
b) 17th Kagyu Karmapa

d) Dalai Lama
10.
Who was Indias first Deputy Prime Minister?

a) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
b) Sardar Baldev Singh
c) B.R. Ambedkar
d) Maulana Azad
11.
Rabindranath Nath Tagore composed the national anthem of which country?

a) Bangladesh
b) India
c) India, Bangladesh and Nepal
d) India and Bangladesh
12.
The first Joint Stock company to trade with India was started by
a) Dutch
b) British
c) French
d) Portuguese
13.
Who was the first Indian woman to win a medal at the Olympics?
a) Karnam Malleswari
b) Bachendri Pal
c) Kunjarani Devi
d) P.T. Usha
14.
Indias first satellite was launched in:

a) 1950
b) 1965
15.
16.
17.
c) 1975
d) 1985
What was the name of the first satellite launched by India?

a) Aryabhatta
b) Bhaskara I
c) Bhaskara II
d) Rohini
Who was the first Indian to go into space?

a) Kalpana Chawla b) Tenzing Norgay c) Rakesh Sharma
d) Sanjay Thapar
Who wrote The War of the Worlds?

a) Colin Wilson
b) H.G. Wells
d) Dan Brown
c) Isaac Asimov
18.
Where are the headquarters of the International Monetary Fund located?

a) Washington D C b) Geneva
c) Berlin
d) London
19.
Which gas makes up the single largest component of the Earths atmosphere?
a) Carbon Monoxide
b) Carbon Dioxide
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
20.
Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress?

a) Annie Besant
b) A.O Hume
c) M. K. Gandhi
d) None of the above
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21.
22.
23.
Who is the Iron Man of Germany?

a) Boris Becker
b) Bismarck
c) Hitler
d) Napoleon
Which of the following element has the lowest melting point?

a) Mercury
b) Carbon
c) Astatine
d) Rhodium
Which planets name means The God of the Heavens?

a) Venus
b) Neptune
c) Jupiter
d) Uranus
24.
Who founded the Arya Samaj in AD 1875?

a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
c) M. G. Ranade
d) Dayanand Saraswathi
25.
The first Telegraph line, introduced by Lord Dalhousie in 1853, ran between
a) Mumbai and Calcutta
b) Calcutta and Agra
c) Mumbai and Thane
d) Mumbai and Chennai
26.
Common salt is obtained from sea water by the process of

a) Evaporation
b) Crystallization
c) Filtration
d) Sublimation
27.
Who, amongst the following, was the first Englishman to become President of the Indian
National Congress?
a) A.O. Hume
b) George Yule
c) William Wedderburn
d) Ramsay McDonald
28.
Which of the following is not an ear bone?

a) Stapes
b) Incus
c) Sacral
d) Malleus
29.
Who amongst the following invented Wireless Telegraphy?

a) Gugileime Marconi
b) Max Planck
c) Heinrich Hertz
c) Michael Faraday
30.
Duncan Pass is located between

a) South and Little Andaman
c) South and Middle Andaman
31.
b) North and South Andaman

d) North and Little Andaman
Which birds scientific name is Pavo Cristatus?

a) Peacock
c) Kiwi
c) Ostrich
d) Emu
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32.
Which among the following is the largest Union Territory by area?

a) Pondicherry
b) Daman & Diu
c) Dadra & Nagar Haveli
d) The Andaman & Nicobar Islands
33.
What is the currency of Portugal?

a) Euro
c) Mark
b) Escudo
d) Schilling
34.
Which two countries lie on either side of the Durand Line?

a) India and Afghanistan
b) India and Nepal
c) Pakistan and Afghanistan
d) Pakistan and Iran
35.
Whose autobiography is A Captains Diary?

a) Imran Khan
b) Alec Stewart
c) Allan Border
d) Wasim Akram
36.
What does a Phillumenist collect?

a) Old coins
c) Match box labels
b) Flags of various nations

d) Stamps
Who has written A Village by the Sea?

a) Arundhuti Roy
c) Anita Desai
b) Pran
d) Khalil Gibran
37.
38.
The Panumunjom border post divides which of the following two countries?
a) Japan and China
b) North and South Korea
c) South Korea and Japan
d) North Korea and China
39.
Established in the year 1931, the Commonwealth of Nations today has a membership
________ states.
a) 87 Nation
b) 54 Nation
c) 69 Nation
d) 92 Nation
40.
India is a member of
1. NATO
2. WTO
a) 2 and 3
b) 1 and 4
41.
42.
3. IAEA
c) 1, 2 & 3
4. NAFTA
d) All the above
Constantinople is the old name for which city?

a) Harare
b) Istanbul
c) Oslo
d) Cardiff
When is World Tourism Day celebrated?

a) 27th September b) 27th October
d) 27th December
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43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
The river Sone is a tributary of which river?

a) Indus
b) Yamuna
c) Sutlej
d) Ganga
Where was the 14th NAM Summit held in September 2006?

a) Durban
b) Moscow
c) Havana
d) Kuala Lumpur
Where was the 32nd G-8 summit held in July 2006?

a) Gleneagles
b) St. Petersburg
c) Moscow
d) London
Which country from the given options is not a member of G-8?

a) Canada
b) France
c) Germany
d) Australia
Which country is not a member of NAM?

a) USA
b) UAE
c) Egypt
d) Ecuador
Who has written the book Mein Kampf?

a) Rudyard Kipling b) Karl Marx
c) Adolf Hitler
d) Charles Dickens
49.
Who won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for the year 2006?
a) Arvind Kejriwal
b) Laxmi Narayan Ramdas
c) Shantha Sinha
d) V Shanta
50.
Who is the Chief Election Commissioner of India?

a) J M Lyngdoh
b) B B Tandon
c) S Y Qureshi
d) N Gopalaswami
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BRM Test - 5
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
Which of the following countries is not a member of the SAARC?

a) China
b) Maldives
c) Sri Lanka
d) Bhutan
2.
Which of the following countries is not a member of ASEAN?

a) Brunei
b) India
c) Vietnam
d) Laos
Net factor income from abroad added to GDP gives

a) NDP
b) GNP
c) NNP
d) Per capita income
The rear view mirror used in a car is

a) Convex
b) Concave
d) Parabolic
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
c) Plane
The first census in India was completed in the year

a) 1873
b) 1852
c) 1872
d) 1842
Love Story was written by

a) Khuswant Singh
c) William Golding
b) Anita Desai
d) Erich Segal
Cooking gas is a mixture of:

a) Butane & Propane
c) Oxygen & Nitrogen
b) Oxygen and Butane

d) Methane and Carbon Dioxide
Lead pencils contain

a) White lead
b) Graphite
c) Red lead
d) Coke
The Secretariat of WTO is based in

a) Paris
b) London
c) Rome
d) Geneva
10.
Truth, Love and a Little Malice is authored by

a) Indira Goswami
b) Khushwant Singh
c) Amitabh Ghosh
d) Anita Desai
11.
The term puck is associated with

a) Table Tennis
b) Lawn Tennis
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d) Water polo
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12.
13.
14.
The largest gland in the body is the

a) Liver
c) Thyroid
b) Pituitary
d) Thymus
ECG is related to the

a) Heart
c) Stomach
b) Brain
d) Gall Bladder
Hepatitis is a disease related to the

a) Kidney
c) Liver
b) Muscles
d) Brain
15.
Who was the designer of the Victoria Memorial?

a) G.Witet
b) William Emerson
c) Geronimo Veroneo
d) Edward Lutyens
16.
When was the first Five Year Plan started?

a) 1950-51
b) 1951-52
c) 1947-48
d) 1948-49
17.
The battle of Waterloo was fought between

a) Germany and Britain
b) Poland and Britain
c) Germany and France
d) Britain and France
18.
Duma is the Lower House of the parliament of which country?

a) Denmark
b) Norway
c) Russia
d) Canada
19.
The amendment of which of the following Articles of the Indian constitution would enable
the government to impose Value Added Tax (VAT) regime in India?
a) Article 369
b) Article 271
c) Article 269
d) Article 279
20.
Who is the current Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
a) Rodrigo Rato
b) Hoest Koehller
c) Montek Singh Ahluwalia
d) James Wolfenson
21.
Who is the Chief of the Indian Army?

a) Deepan Singh
b) Bibek Debroy
c) Joginder Sharma d) None of these
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22.
Who is the Chief of the Indian Navy?

a) Devesh Malik
c) T.P. Thapa
b) Arun Prakash
d) Sureesh Mehta
23.
Who is the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?

a) V N Kaul
b) Vineet Pandit
c) Shashank Kumar
d) Subhendra Pandit
24.
The deputy speaker of Lok Sabha is

a) Manohar Joshi
c) Charan Jeet Singh Atwal
b) K Rahman Khan
d) Najma Heptullah
The deputy speaker of the Rajya Sabha is

a) K. Rahman Khan
c) Om Prakash Chautala
b) S.P. Shukla
d) Amar Singh
25.
26.
Who is the President of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)?

a) L.K. Advani
b) Raj Nath Singh
c) Arun Jaitley
d) Venkaiah Naidu
27.
Who is the Chief Minister of Puducherry?

a) M.M. Lakhera
c) N. Rangaswamy
b) Dilip Phadnis
d) Arun Mathur
Who is the Chief Minsiter of Mizoram?

a) Pu Zoramthanga
c) P.K. Chamling
b) P.A. Sangma
d) Okram Ibobi Singh
28.
29.
Who is the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)?

a) Yasser Arafat
b) Mahmoud Abbas c) Ariel Sharon
d) Ehud Barak
30.
Who was the first India woman to swim across the seven seas?
a) Shikha Tandon b) Bula Choudhary c) Amanda Beard
d) Aarti Saha
31.
Who is the President of the International Cricket Council (ICC)?

a) Malcolm Speed b) Ehsan Mani
c) Percy Sonn
d) Tayaab Khan
32.
Which Indian city is nicknamed The City of Joy?

a) Chennai
b) Mumbai
c) Bangalore
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33.
34.
In which Asian city was the Mughal Emperor Babur buried?

a) Lahore
b) Kabul
c) Quetta
d) Samarkand
Lima is the capital of which country?

a) Peru
b) Chile
d) None of these
c) Lebanon
35.
The first ever stamp issued in India in 1854 had the picture of which person?
a) Lord Clive
b) Queen Victoria c) Queen Elizabeth I d) King George V
36.
Dirham is currency of which country?

a) Egypt
b) Saudi Arabia
37.
c) U.A.E
In which body part are the Islets of Langerhans present?

a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Pancreas
d) Israel
d) Small intestine
38.
What is the maximum strength (number of members) of Lok Sabha?

a) 540
b) 545
c) 550
d) 555
39.
What is the currency of Poland?

a) Rouble
b) Euro
c) Dollar
d) Zloty
Aswan Dam is located in which country?

a) Sudan
b) Uganda
c) Egypt
d) India
Lack of Vitamin A leads to

a) Scurvy
b) Night Blindness
c) Beriberi
d) Rickets
40.
41.
42.
Kuchipudi is a classical dance form of which state?

a) Kerala
b) Andhra Pradesh c) Tamil Nadu
d) Orissa
43.
Who was the first woman to go into space?

a) Svetlana Savitskaya
b) Valentina Tereshkova
c) Sally Ride
d) Adriyana Nikolayev
44.
Which of the following is not a commercial crop?

a) Jowar
b) Rice
c) Wheat
d) Cotton
World Environment Day is observed on

a) 5th January
b) 31st January
d) 31st June
45.
c) 5th June
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46.
Madhubani painting is the art form of which state?

a) Rajasthan
b) Uttar Pradesh
c) Jammu & Kashmird) Bihar
47.
The Gandhara and Mathura art forms developed during the period of
a) Harshvardana
b) Samudragupta
c) Kanishka
d) Huvishka
48.
Which was Indias first nuclear power plant?

a) Kalpakkam
b) Korba
c) Tarapore
d) Trombay
In which state is the Dudhwa national park located?

a) Madhya Pradesh b) Uttar Pradesh
c) Uttaranchal
d) Rajasthan
The term of Rajya Sabha is

a) 4 years
b) 5 years
d) 7 years
49.
50.
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BRM Test - 6
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
In which city is the secretariat of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC) located?
a) New Delhi
b) Kathmandu
c) Islamabad
d) Colombo
2.
The deficiency of which vitamin causes Beriberi?

a) Vitamin-B-12
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B-1
d) Vitamin B-2
How many ounces are there in a pound?

a) 11
b) 16
d) 15
3.
c) 10
4.
Who is the only Governor-General of India to be appointed twice on the post?

a) Lord Canning
b) Lord Cornwallis c) Lord Dalhousie d) Lord Mountbatten
5.
What is the name of the Canadian author who wrote Life of Pi, which won The Booker
prize in 2003?
a) Jack Welsch
b) Yann Martel
c) Arundhati Roy
d) DanielO Brien
6.
The J.S. Verma committee formed by the government dealt with

a) Restructuring UTI
b) Determining the role of exchanges and corporate with regards to price sensitive
information.
c) Probing into the Ketan Parekh Scam
d) None of these
7.
The first Indian film with sound in it was

a) Raja Harishchandra
c) Pundalik
8.
b) Alamara
Which was the first TV serial on Doordarshan network?

a) Buniyaad
b) Humlog
c) Mahabharat
d) None
9.
Which is the highest civilian award given by the President of India?

a) Bharat Ratna
b) Dadasaheb Phalke Award
c) Oscar Award
d) Jnanpith Award
10.
Which city is called the City of Magnificent Distances?

a) Washington D.C b) Paris
c) London
d) Tokyo
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11.
December 10th is observed as the

a) UN Day
c) World Red cross Day
b) World Health Day

d) Human Rights Day
12.
Who was the first ever woman Prime Minister of any country in the World?
a) Mrs. Indira Gandhi of India
b) Mrs. Sirimavo Bhandaranaike of Sri Lanka
c) Mrs. Golda Meir of Israil
d) None of these
13.
The Booker prize is awarded in which field?

a) Science
b) Literature
c) Medicine
d) Social Service
14.
Invisible Man has been authored by

a) James Jeams
b) Victor Hungo
15.
16.
17.
c) G.B. Shaw
d) H.G. Wells
Which country is known as The Forbidden Country?

a) Lhasa
b) Norway
c) Malaysia
d) Cuba
What is the emblem of the United Nations Organisation (UNO)?

a) Stars & Moon
b) Olive Branch
c) A Dove
d) A Mountain Peak
Batavia is an old name for which country?

a) Angora
b) Jakarta
c) Beijing
d) Cambodia
18.
What is the Maginot Line?

a) Boundary between Iraq-Iran
b) Boundary between North & South Korea
c) Boundary between North & South Vietnam
d) Boundary between France & Germany
19.
Where does one find the Worlds tallest fountain?

a) Venice
b) Jamaica
c) Arizona
d) Los Angeles
Name the first man/men who climbed Mt. Everest?

a) Edmund Hillary b) Tenzing Norgay c) Both
d) None of these
The Asian Games 2006 were held at

a) Hong-Kong
b) Kuala Lumpur
c) Doha
d) New Delhi
When was the first Lok Sabha constituted?

a) 1950
b) 1947
c) 1951
d) 1952
20.
21.
22.
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23.
Which three countries were the chief founders of the Non-Aligned movement?
a) India, Burma, Nepal
b) India, China Russia
c) India, Yugoslavia, Egypt
d) Egypt, Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka
24.
Which British General in India was involved in the Battle of Plassey?

a) Lord Duplex
b) Lord Hasting
c) Lord Cornwallis
d) Lord Clive
25.
Which is the highest Gallantry Award of the Indian Republic?

a) Paramvir Chakra
b) Mahavir Chakra
c) Ashok Chakra
d) Kirti Chakra
26.
Chandigarh & Bhubaneswar were designed by

a) Edward Lutyens
b) Frank Man
c) Le Corbusier
d) None of these
27.
Indias highest literacy award is

a) Sathitya Akademi
c) Jnanpith
b) Padma Shree
d) Saraswati Samman
28.
Who was the first Chairman of Rajya Sabha?

a) G.L. Nanda
b) Hukum Singh
c) S. Radhakrishnan
d) G.B Pant
29.
Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?

a) K.V. Sundaram
b) Subashish Sen Verma
c) Sukumar Sen
d) T. N. Seshan
30.
The first speaker of Lok Sabha was

a) M.A. Ayyangar b) G.V. Mavalankar c) Hukum Singh
d) Shivraj Patil
The Controller and Auditor General of India is appointed by the

a) Finance Minister b) Prime Minister c) Law Minister
d) President
31.
32.
The Finance Commission is constituted by the

a) Finance Minister
b) President of India
c) Prime Minister of India
d) Home Minister
33.
Which region in India is known as the Rice Bowl of India?

a) The North-East Region
b) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
c) The Indo-Gangetic Plane
d) The Krishna-Godavari Delta Region
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34.
K-2, the worlds second highest peak is located in which mountain range?
a) The Pir Panjal
b) The Himalayas
c) The Karakoram
d) None of these
35.
M.S. Subbulakshmi was a famous exponent in which field?

a) Hindustani Music
b) Acting
c) Carnatic Music
d) Painting
36.
Who of the following was the first to receive the prestigious Jnanpith Award?
a) Amrita Pritam
b) Girish Karnad
c) G. Sankara Kurup
d) Nirmal Verma
37.
From what event do the Mohammedans date their era?

a) Hejira or the flight of Mohammad from Mecca to Medina
b) The Birth of Mohammad
c) The Death of Mohammad
d) None of these
38.
The Bourbon dynasty ruled in which of the following countries?

a) France
b) China
c) England
d) Germany
39.
Which city is popularly known as the City of Seven Hills?

a) Berne
b) Rome
c) Mexico
d) Kathmandu
Which city is known as the Manchester of the Orient?

a) Hong-Kong
b) Osaka
c) Tokyo
d) Shanghai
Which country is the largest producer of cotton in the World?

a) USA
b) Russia
c) Saudi Arabia
d) Brazil
Which country is the largest producer of coal in the World?

a) Canada
b) U.S.A
c) Germany
d) Russia
Which country is known as the Playground of Europe?

a) England
b) France
c) Switzerland
d) Holland
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
Trygve Lie, the first Secretary General of the UN was from which country?
a) Norway
b) Sweden
c) Denmark
d) Finland
45.
The number of non-permanent members in the Security Council of the UN is

a) 20
b) 5
c) 15
d) 10
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46.
Match the following options correctly

1. Nagaland
2. Meghlaya
3. Arunachal Pradesh
4. Manipur
a) 1-D, 2-C, 3-E, 4-B

c) 1-D, 2-C, 3-E, 4-A
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Aizwal
Imphal
Shillong
Kohima
Itanagar
b) 1-C, 2-D, 3-E, 4-B

d) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-E
47.
Which country won the FIFA Soccer World Cup 2006?

a) Germany
b) Brazil
c) Italy
d) France
48.
Who won the Golden Shoe award at the FIFA Soccer World Cup 2006?
a) Miroslav Klose
b) Zinedine Zidane
c) Ronaldo
d) Ronaldinho
49.
Which player won the Golden Ball award at the FIFA Soccer World Cup 2006?
a) Lukas Podolski
b) Gianluigi Buffon
c) Zinedine Zidane
d) Hernan Crespo
50.
Which player won the Emerging Player of the Tournament award at FIFA Soccer World
Cup 2006?
a) Hernan Crespo
b) Lukas Podoloski
c) Carlos Tavez
d) Lionel Messi
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BRM Test - 7
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
Kremlin is the name of the Presidential Palace of which country?

a) Russia
b) France
c) Germany
d) Italy
2.
Which among the following is currently the newest nation of the World?
a) Kourou Island
b) Palau Island
c) East Timor
d) Sierra Leone
3.
Which country is not yet the member of the World Trade Organization ?
a) Pakistan
b) Russia
c) China
d) Taiwan
4.
Which among the following states houses the Bellary Thermal Power Project?
a) Andhra Pradesh b) Kerala
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Karnataka
5.
Who among the following was the first editor of Panchajanya?

a) Bala Saheb Deoras
b) H.R. Hedgawar
c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
d) L.K. Advani
6.
Al-Quadissiya is the national newspaper of

a) Iran
b) Iraq
c) UAE
d) Saudi Arabia
Renminbi is the currency of which country?

a) Malysia
b) China
c) Taiwan
d) Philippinnes
7.
8.
Which of the following is the worlds most expensive city as per the latest Worldwide Cost
of Living Survey?
a) Zurich
b) London
c) Moscow
d) Tokyo
9.
Who among the following has been appointed as the Director of the Central Bureau of
Investigation (CBI)?
a) Vijay Shankar
b) B.B. Mishra
c) J.K. Dutt
d) Umashankar Mishra
10.
Who among the following has conceptualised Vigyan Rail?

a) M.V. Kamath
b) Nitish Bhardwaj
c) M.S. Swaminathan
d) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
11.
Dwikhandita (Split in Two) is the autobiography of which of the following authors?

a) Taslima Nasreen b) Leila Seth
c) Jhumpa Lahiri
d) Meera Syal
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12.
Which of the following countries has set its currency to the dollar($) at a fixed rate since
1995?
a) China
b) Japan
c) Singapore
d) The UK
13.
Who among the following was the first Indian to win the World Amateur Billiards Championship?
a) Geet Sethi
b) Michael Ferreira c) Ashok Shandilya d) None of the above
14.
On which river is the Tehri hydel dam project built?

a) Ganga
b) Yamuna
c) Bhagirathi
d) Bhilaganga
15.
Which of the following species of mosquitoes spreads the Dengue virus?

(A) Ades Aegypti
(B) Cluex
(C) Anopheles
a) Only A
b) Only B
c) Only C
d) Both A & C
16.
Who among the following has been appointed as the Chairman of the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO)?
a) G. Madhavan Nair
b) K. Kasturirangan
c) B.N. Suresh
d) R.V. Perumal
17.
Under which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India has Jammu and Kashmir
been accorded a separate special status?
a) 310
b) 330
c) 350
d) 370
18.
Who among the following has authored the book, Soul Curry for You and Me?
a) Javed Akhtar
b) Gulzar
c) Dilip Kumar
d) Amitabh Bachchan
19.
How many countries are members of SAARC?

a) 5
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
20.
Who is the author of the book Truth, Love and A little Malice?
a) Arundhati Roy
b) Khushwant Singh
c) Subramaniam Swami
d) R.K. Narayan
21.
Which European city hosts the World Economic Forum?

a) Geneva
b) Vienna
c) Davos
d) Lausanne
22.
Who among the following is the present National Security Adviser of India?
a) K. Subramanyam
b) Brajesh Mishra
c) Brahma Chellani
d) Jyotindra Nath Dixit
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23.
Hafiz Mohammad Saeed is the founder-leader of

a) Jaish-e- Mohammad
b) Lashkar-e-Taiba
c) Al Qaeda
d) Abu Sayaf
24.
World Telecom Day is celebrated on the.....

a) 17th May
b) 19th May
c) 21st May
d) 23rd May
25.
My Side is the autobiography of ......................

a) Javed Miandad
b) Pele
c) Steve Waugh
d) David Beckham
26.
Which of the following is the most populous state in India?

a) Maharashtra
b) Madhya Pradesh c) Uttar Pradesh
d) Bihar
27.
Which among the following states has launched a scheme titled Rajiv Gyanodaya Scheme
to open libraries in every village of the state?
a) Madhya Pradesh b) Chattisgarh
c) Rajasthan
d) Assam
28.
Which of the following sports is the J.R.D Tata Cup associated with?
a) Hockey
b) Basketball
c) Football
d) Snooker
29.
Which of the following airports was the first to be privatized in India?

a) Bangalore
b) Mumbai
c) Delhi
d) Cochin
30.
Who among the following has authored the novel Pinjar?

a) Amrita Pritam
b) Javed Adhtar
c) Kaifi Azmi
d) Harivanshrai Bachchan
31.
Which of the following cities is the permanent venue for the International Childrens Film
Festival?
a) Mumbai
b) Hyderabad
c) Bangalore
d) New Delhi
32.
Who among the following has authored the novel Ko (Speak up)?
a) Javed Akhtar
b) Jhumpa Lahiri
c) Taslima Nasreen b) Khushwant Singh
33.
Presently how many nations are members of the European Union (EU)?
a) 25
b) 26
c) 27
d) 28
34.
The Indus Valley civilization had its main centers at Mohenjodaro and
a) Lothal
b) Chanhudaro
c) Harappa
d) Amri
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35.
To which age does the Harappan civilization belongs?

a) Bronze
b) Paleolithic
c) Iron
d) Neolithic
36.
The Upanishads are a series of books devoted to

a) Yoga
b) Social Law
c) Religious rituals d) Philosophy
37.
The Shahnama had been written by

a) Alberuni
b) Amir Khusro
c) Firdausi
d) Abul Fazal
Who was the first Indian Civil servant?

a) Motilal Nehru
b) S. N. Banerjee
c) C. R. Das
d) Bhagat Singh
38.
39.
Vasco Da Gamas ship had docked at Calicut in the year

a) 1498
b) 1485
c) 1472
d) 1467
40.
With which of the following was Annie Besant associated?

a) The Ramakrishna Mission
b) The Arya Samaj
c) ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness)
d) The Theosophical Society
41.
The Dutch first established their hold in India in the year 1605 at
a) Masulipatnam
b) Surat
c) Bombay
d) Goa
42.
The temple of Angkor Vat is at

a) Laos
b) Cambodia
c) Vietnam
d) Myanmar
43.
The Delhi Sultan who died as a consequence of having fallen from his horse while playing
Chaugan or Polo was
a) Iltutmish
b) Ghias ud-din Balban
c) Mohammad of Ghazni
d) Qutub-ud-din Aibak
44.
In which year was Burma separated from India?

a) 1863
b) 1902
c) 1937
d) 1947
45.
In which country is Waterloo located, where the famous battle between the British and the
French was fought?
a) Belgium
b) France
c) U.K.
d) Germany
46.
Panchayati Raj was introduced in India in

a) 1957
b) 1952
c) 1951
d) 1959
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47.
Which Government body approves the Five year plans?

a) The Planning Commission
b) The National Development Council
c) The Prime Ministers Office
d) The Parliament
48.
Who was the first India woman to win Miss World title?
a) Aishwarya Rai
b) Diana Hayden
c) Rita Faria
d) Priyanka Chopra
49.
Tatra Kucharova, the 2006 Miss World title holder is from which country?
a) Austria
b) Sweden
c) Denmark
d) Czech Republic
50.
Zuleyka Rivera Mendoza, the 2006 Miss Universe title holder is from which country?
a) Mexico
b) Puerto Rico
c) Argentina
d) Chile
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BRM Test - 8
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
Article 370 of the Constitution deals with

a) The presidential powers of pardon
b) The protection of interests of the minorities
c) Temporary provisions with regards to Jammu & Kashmir
d) The formation of new states
2.
For how many years is the Finance Commission appointed?

a) 6 years
b) 5 years
c) 4 years
d) 2 years
Which of the following is presided over by a non member?

a) Lok Sabha
b) Vidhan Sabha
c) Rajya Sabha
d) Vidhan Parishad
Which is the brightest planet in our solar system?

a) Earth
b) Mars
c) Venus
d) Mercury
The Ozone Layer is in the..........

a) Stratosphere
b) Troposphere
d) Thermosphere
3.
4.
5.
c) Mesosphere
6.
The highest plateau in the world is the............

a) The Colorado Plateau
b) The Deccan plateau
c) The Mexican plateau
d) The Tibetan plateau
7.
The speed at which light travels in vacuum is

a) 3 107 m/s
b) 5 108 m/s
c) 3 104 km/s
d) 3 108 m/s
8.
The highest Mountain peak in the Americas is......................

a) Mt. McKinley
b) Mt. Aconcagua
c) Mt. Antofalla
d) Mt. Lullaillaco
9.
Match the names of the International boundaries in the left column with the countries they
separate, given in the column at right
A) Durand Line
1. India and Pakistan
B) Radcliffe line
2. India and China
C) McMahon Line 3. France and Germany
D) Maginot line
4. Pakistan & Afghanistan
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Choose the correct

A
(a)
1
(b)
2
(c)
3
(d)
4
answer from the codes given below.

B
C
D
2
3
4
3
4
1
4
1
2
1
2
3
10.
The boundary between the United States of America and Canada is represented by.....
a) The 49o N Latitude
b) The 38o N Latitude
c) The Rio Grande river
d) The Oder-Niesse line
11.
Silvassa is the capital of

a) Lakshadweep
c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
b) Tripura
d) Mizoram
12.
The Constitution of India provides that the three constituents of the Indian Parliament are
the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha and the
a) Prime Minister b) Vice-President
c) President
d) Council of Ministers
13.
Which one of the following is used as fuel to propel rockets?

a) Petrol
b) Kerosene
c) Hydrazine
d) Alcohol
The maximum membership of the Rajya Sabha is limited to

a) 240
b) 245
c) 250
d) 260
14.
15.
In Indian economy primary sector refer to

a) Manufacturing industries
b) Transport
c) Commerce
d) Agriculture
16.
Mixed economy is a compromise between

a) Private and public sector
b) Capitalism and communism
c) Capitalism and socialism
d) Commercial and individual business
17.
Enzymes are produced by

a) Endocrine glandsb) Exocrine glands c) Liver
d) Spleen
The enzyme that acts on fats is

a) Amylase
b) Pepsin
c) Ptyalin
d) Lipase
The saliva contains an enzyme called

a) Ptyalin
b) Pepsin
c) Trypsin
d) Erepsin
18.
19.
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20.
The acid that is secreted in the stomach is

a) HCI
b) H SO4
c) H CO3
2
21.
22.
d) HNO3
Insulin is concerned with the metabolism of

a) Sugar
b) Fats
c) Proteins
d) Vitamins
Kwashiorkor is caused by deficiency of

a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
d) Vitamins
c) Fats
23.
An
a)
b)
c)
d)
24.
The sun continuously produces an enormous amount of energy. This is due to

a) Nuclear fission
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Chemical combustion
d) Boiling
25.
One horse power is equal to

a) 625 watts
b) 816 watts
26.
27.
28.
29.
astronomical unit of distance is

Kilometer
Light year
The average distance from the earth to the sun
None of the above
Match the following

A) Kalpakkam
B) Pokhran
C) Thumba
D) Mumbai
A
a) 1
b) 4
c) 3
d) 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
B
3
2
1
3
c) 746 watts
d) 520 watts
Atomic Research Centre

Rocket Launching Stations
Atomic blast site
Nuclear Power Station
C
D
4
2
3
1
2
4
2
1
Nucleus was discovered by..........

a) Rutherford
b) Moseley
c) Niel Bohr
d) J. J. Thomson
Which among the following is a metalloid?

a) Arsenic
b) Silver
c) Iodine
d) Copper
A non-metal which is a good conductor of electricity is

a) Graphite
b) Phosphorus
c) Sulphur
d) Iodine
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30.
Chromosomes are concerned with

a) Respiration
c) Growth of the body
b) Assimilation
d) Transmission of hereditary characters
31.
Which of the following organelles is known as the Power House of the cell?
a) Golgi bodies
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Centrosome
32.
Plant cells can usually be distinguished from animal cells, because, only plant cells possess.
a) Cell and mitochondria
b) Cell wall and central vacuoles
c) Golgi bodies and central vacuoles
d) Chromosomes and mitochondria
33.
The most abundant noble gas present in air is

a) Neon
b) Krypton
c) Helium
d) Argon
World Tourism Day is observed on?

a) 27th September b) 17th September
c) 27 th October
d) 17th October
The Unit of heat energy is

a) Watt
b) Degree
c) Joule
d) Kelvin
Water has maximum density at

a) 0o C
b) 15o C
c) 4o C
d) 15o C
Solid carbon dioxide is used

a) As a drying agent
c) As an antiseptic
b) as a refrigerant
d) As a bleaching agent
Blood clotting requires vitamin

a) A
b) B
c) C
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
d) K
The universal donor belongs to blood group

a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
40.
Death of Vishnu has been written by.................

a) Manil Suri
b) R. K. Laxman
c) Anita Desai
d) Khushwant Singh
41.
A mirage is caused because of the

a) Scattering of light
c) Reflection of light
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b) Dispersion of light
d) Refraction of light
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42.
Which of the following is an agent of bleaching?

a) Hydrogen Peroxide
b) Sulphur Dioxide
c) Ozone
d) All of the above
43.
Which measure can check inflation?

a) Surplus Budgeting
c) Curtailment in Public Expenditure
b) Increase in Direct Taxation

d) All of the above
44.
If a member of the Lok Sabha absents himself for a period of....... from the meeting of the
house, without the permission of the house, he will be disqualified.
a) 30 days
b) 45 days
c) 60 days
d) 90 days
45.
World Earth Day is observed on

a) April 10
b) April 22
46.
c) May 22
What is mascot of 150 years of Indian Railways?

a) Fairy Queen
b) Queen Mary
c) Bholu Guard
d) May 15
d) Pappu Driver
47.
Who is the author of the book The Shade of Swords, Jihad and The Conflict between
Islam and Christianity?
a) Rafiq Zakaria
b) Salman Rushdie c) Fareed Zakaria
d) M.J. Akbar
48.
In which year were the Oscars started?

a) 1927
b) 1928
c) 1929
49.
Who has won the maximum number of Oscars?

a) William Wyler
b) Steven Spielberg
c) Walt Disney
d) Frank Capra
50.
Where is the Worlds highest terrestrial telescope located?

a) Hanley, Ladakh
b) Lhasa, Tibet
c) Hawaii, US
d) Mount Fiji, Japan
d) 1930
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BRM Test - 9
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
The headquarters of the European Central Bank, established in 1998, is at............

a) London
b) Berlin
c) Frankfurt
d) None of these
2.
Disha, a voluntary organization active in Uttar Pradesh, is engaged in.............

a) Eradication of child labour
b) Eradication of illiteracy
c) Water harvesting and preservation of drinking water
3.
Which of the following countries has become the member of the WTO recently?
a) Vietnam
b) Cuba
c) India
d) China
4.
The quorum to constitute a sitting of Lok Sabha is ............ of the total membership of the
House.
a) one-fourth
b) one-half
c) one- tenth
d) one-fifth
5.
Which two countries are linked by the Khyber Pass?

a) India and Pakistan
b) India and Afghanistan
c) Afghanistan and Pakistan
d) Afghanistan and Tajikistan
6.
Authors from which of the following countries are not eligible to be considered for the
Booker Prize?
a) Britain
b) United Kingdom
c) Republic of Ireland
d) United States of America
7.
Fermentation of milk to form curd happens due to

a) Mycobacterium b) Staphylococcus c) Lactobacillus
d) Yeasts
The Kirti Stambha (Tower of Victory) at Chittor was built by

a) Rana Pratap
b) Rana Kumbha
c) Rana Sanga
d) Bappa Raval
8.
9.
Who was the first Ramon Magsaysay Award winner from India?
a) C.D. Deshmukh
b) Jayaprakash Narayan
c) Dr Verghese Kurien
d) Acharya Vinoba Bhave
10.
Which is the universal recipient blood group?

a) A
b) B
c) AB
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11.
The filament of an electric bulb is made of

a) Tungsten
b) Iron
c) Gypsum
d) Graphite
12.
Which is the hardest substance available on earth?

a) Coal
b) Platinum
c) Diamond
d) Gold
13.
Short-sightedness occurs due to

a) Elongation
c) Weakening of the Retina
b) Weaker Eye Muscles

d) Shifting of the Iris
What is the state language of Nagaland?

a) English
c) Garo
b) Khase
d) Nagamese
14.
15.
The Justice Liberhan Commission is related to which event?

a) 1984 anti-Sikh riot
b) Tehelka-tape revelation
c) Babri Masjid demolition
d) None of these
16.
Who among the following acts as the Chairman of the National Integration Council?
a) Prime Minister
b) Vice President
c) Union Home Minister
d) None of these
17.
The number of members nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha is constitutionally
limited to.
a) 12
b) 15
c) 10
d) 20
18.
The Rajya Sabha can be dissolved

a) During an Emergency
c) Under no circumstances
b) Every five years

d) At the direction of the President
19.
How many countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations?

a) 45
b) 53
c) 43
d) 25
20.
The protector of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed under the Constitution is the
a) Parliament
b) Prime Minister c) President
d) Supreme Court
21.
How many countries are the members of OPEC?

a) 14
b) 13
c) 12
d) 11
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22.
The Union Territories get representation

a) In the Lok Sabha but not in the Rajya Sabha
b) In the Rajya Sabha but not in the Lok Sabha
c) Neither in the Lok Sabha nor in the Rajya Sabha
d) In both the Houses
23.
Before 1991, Indian rupee was devalued in

a) 1951
b) 1966
c) 1976
d) 1986
24.
Which among the following is described as the Fourth Estate?

a) Judiciary
b) Press
c) Legislature
d) Executive
25.
Who among the following dignitaries, cannot be impeached?

a) President
b) Vice-President
c) Judges of the Supreme Court
d) Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
26.
Which, of the following, does not fall within the jurisdiction of the Indian Parliament?
a) Foreign pilgrimage
b) Consideration of Money bills
c) Consideration of Ordinary bills
d) Fundamental Rights and Duties
27.
On which among the following dates, International Womens Day is celebrated?

a) 7th March
b) 9th March
c) 2nd March
d) 8th March
28.
On which among the following dates the Tenth Plan had taken off?
a) April 1, 2002
b) July 1, 2002
c) October 1, 2002
d) April 1, 2003
29.
What are drugs used for relieving pain called?

a) Tranquilizers
b) Antipyretics
c) Analgesics
d) Anesthetics
30.
Who is the Chairperson of the National Commission for Women?.

a) Poonam Advani b) Amrita Patel
c) Girija Vyas
d) Brinda Karat
31.
Which of the following countries is the largest producer of silver in the world?
a) Mexico
b) Peru
c) Cyprus
d) Spain
32.
The least populous state in the Union of India is..

a) Sikkim
b) Goa
c) Himachal Pradesh d) Arunachal Pradesh
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33.
Habeas Corpus is
a) A law degree conferred by the Leningrad University
b) The ancient name of a Greek city
c) The site of the first Olympiad
d) A writ which facilitates a prisoner to appear in a court for speedy trial or release on bail
34.
The fiscal policy of India is formulated by the

a) Planning Commission
b) Ministry of Finance
c) R.B.I.
d) None of these
35.
Nippon is the name given to Japan which means

a) Land of the rising Sun
b) Land of Pagodas
c) Land of northern lights
d) Land of Volcanoes and Earthquakes.
36.
On which river the Bhakra Nangal Project built?

a) Beas
b) Sutlej
c) Jhelum
d) Ravi
Which state in India is the highest producer of Sugarcane?.

a) U.P.
b) Maharashtra
c) M.P.
d) West Bengal
37.
38.
While Sugar Bowl is Cuba, which country is leading in the production of sugarcane?
a) India
b) Pakistan
c) Indonesia
d) Mauritius
39.
Who wrote The Hindu View of Life?

a) S. Radhakrishnan
c) Rabindra Nath Tagore
b) Sri Aurobindo
d) Swami Vivekanand
The Legislative Council has tenure of

a) 6 years
c) 4 years
b) 5 Year
d) a permanent nature
40.
41.
Article............. of the constitution deals with the procedure for amendment of the Indian
Constitution
a) 360
b) 363
c) 368
d) 369
42.
The Worlds largest constituency in terms of population is

a) South Calcutta
b) Outer Delhi
c) Navi Mumbai
43.
d) London
The part of the Constitution that deals with the Directive Principles of state policy is...........
a) II
b) III
c) IV
d) V
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44.
The Directive Principles in the Indian Constitution have been framed, drawing inspiration
from the Constitution of which country?
a) American
b) Irish
c) French
d) Canadian
45.
Asian Development Bank is headquartered at..............

a) Manila
b) Tokyo
c) Kuala Lumpur
d) Singapore
46.
The maximum number of Anglo- Indians who can be nominated to the Lok Sabha is....
a) 2
b) 4
c) 5
d) 13
47.
The Parliament of Israel is known as....................

a) Diet
b) Knesset
c) Congress
d) National Assembly
48.
What was the code name of the project that led to the development of first Atomic Bomb?
a) Project Hiroshima
b) Project Washington
c) Project Nagasaki
d) Project Manhattan
49.
For which book has Kiran Desai won the Man Booker Prize for the year 2006?
a) The Sea
b) The Inheritance of Loss
c) The Long Loss
d) The Snow
50.
Khajuraho temples builders, The Chandelas, were from which religious sect?
a) Vaishnavite
b) Saivite
c) Jains Sect
d) None of these
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BRM Test - 10
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
Name the country where the National Parliament is known as Jatiya Sangsad
a) Turkey
b) Afghanistan
c) Malaysia
d) Bangladesh
2.
Chipko movement is associated with

a) Environmental Conservation
c) Womens Welfare
b) Human Rights
d) Child Welfare
3.
Which of the following is not correctly matched?

a) Aeroplane - Wright Brothers
b) Printing Press - John Guttenberg
c) Steam Engine - James Watt
d) Telescope - Alber H. Taylor
4.
Which among the following countries has the oldest written Constitution?
a) Japan
b) India
c) The USA
d) The UK
5.
The worlds largest archipelago is

a) New Zealand
b) Indonesia
6.
c) Sri Lanka
What name does Ganga acquire as it flows in Bangladesh?

a) Hooghly
b) Bangla Ganga
c) Meghna
d) Malaysia
d) Padma
7.
In which of the following states are the Zaskar and Pir Panjal ranges situated?
a) Assam
b) Jammu & Kashmir
c) Andhra Pradesh
d) Himachal Pradesh
8.
The Cabinet System of government originated in

a) Britain
b) The USA
c) France
d) Sweden
Ombudsman is a............... institution

a) Swiss
b) Swedish
d) Danish
9.
c) Norwegian
10.
Which, among the following, is not an official language of the United Nations?
a) English
b) French
c) German
d) Russian
11.
The line dividing North Korea and South Korea is the

a) 17th parallel
b) 23rd parallel
c) 38th parallel
d) Oder-Neisse Line
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12.
A Thousand Suns has been written by

a) Dominique Lapierre
c) Frederick Forsith
b) John Grisham
d) Tom Clancy
13.
Which one of the following is known as the first line of defense for the human body?
a) Antibodies
b) Skin
c) Nails
d) White Blood Corpuscles
14.
No Full Stops in India has been authored by

a) Mark Tully
b) V. S. Naipaul
c) Kingsley Martin d) G. K. Chesterton
15.
Gita Govinda was written in the 12th Century by

a) Bana
b) Bhartruhari
c) Jayadeva
16.
Dry Ice is
a) Solid carbon dioxide
c) Liquid hydrogen
d) Rama nuja
b) Liquid oxygen
d) Liquid chlorine
17.
The United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is headquartered at..
a) New York
b) Washington
c) Paris
d) Amsterdam
18.
Beyond the Last Blue Mountain is the biography of

a) G.D. Birla
b) R.N. Goenka
c) J.R.D. Tata
d) G.D. Naidu
The youngest mountain range in the world is the

a) Alps
b) Andes
c) Rockies
d) Himalayas
19.
20.
Which Greek ambassador visited India during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya?
a) Megasthenes
b) Seleucos
c) Menander
d) Demetrias
21.
The famous Iron Pillar at Mehrauli in Delhi had been built by the
a) Mauryas
b) Guptas
c) Nandas
d) Khiljis
22.
Who had become the first Governor-General of India after independence?

a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
b) C R Rajgopalachari
c) Lord Pethick Lawrence
d) Lord Mountbatten
23.
In India, the manufacture of diesel locomotives takes place at

a) Rourkela
b) Cochin
c) Chittaranjan
d) Varanasi
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24.
25.
26.
In India, electric locomotives are built at

a) Jhansi
b) Kapurthala
c) Chittaranjan
Operation Flood was associated with

a) Construction of Dams
c) Dairy Products
b) Fisheries Development
d) Canal Management
Who is the author of the famous book Mudra Rakshasa?

a) Kalidas
b) Jayadev
c) Mirabai
d) Imphal
d) Vishakha Dutt
27.
The first scholar, among the following names, to visit India was
a) Marco Polo
b) Fahien
c) Ibn-Batutah
d) Hiuen Tsang
28.
The ruler of medieval India credited with the construction of the Grand Trunk Road is
a) Krishnadeva Raya b) Babur
c) Sher Shah Suri d) Jehangir
29.
Which among the following years is generally considered to be the final year of Great Depression that started in 1929?
a) 1939
b) 1937
c) 1941
d) 1943
30.
Sarkaria Commission was formed to look into

a) Relation between State and Centre
b) Animal Husbandry scam
c) Tehelka.com exposure
d) Enrons Dabhol power project
31.
Who has written the book Das Kapital?

a) Karl Marx
c) Johan Keynes
b) Adam Smith
d) John Milton
32.
Which state has the highest percentage of literacy?

a) Maharashtra
b) West Bengal
c) Madhya Pradesh
d) Kerala
33.
What is the average per capita income in India (in terms of Purchasing Power Parity)?
a) Rs. 17,600 per year
b) Rs. 12,530 per year
c) Rs. 10,560 per year
d) Rs. 9,996 per year
34.
Planetary winds are those which

a) Changer their direction with the change of season
b) Change their direction with day and night
c) Never change their direction
d) Blow up mountain slopes
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35.
The non-permanent members in the UN Security Council are elected for a term of how
many years?
a) 2 years
b) 3 years
c) 5 years
d) 4 years
36.
Which of the following Acts enabled the Government of India to put a ban on The Satanic
Verses by Salman Rushdie?
a) National Security Act
b) Customs Act
c) Immoral Trafficking Act
d) None of these
37.
How many Union Territories does India have at present?

a) Five
b) Six
c) Seven
d) Eight
38.
The Ramon Magsaysay Award is named after the former president of which Asian country?
a) Thailand
b) Singapore
c) Laos
d) Philippines
39.
NCAER stands for

a) National Calamity Action and Eccentric Reactions
b) National Council for Agro-Economic Research
c) National Cultural, Art and Economic Research
d) National Council of Applied Economic Research
40.
Which fat-soluble vitamin is needed for blood-clotting?

a) A
b) B-2
c) D
d) K
41.
Abdul Karim Telgi was associated with which scam?

a) Tehelka
b) Stamp paper scam
c) Fake currency Scam
d) All of the above
42.
Mughal-e-Azam, which became the first Indian film to be converted in colour form, was
originally directed by which among the following persons?
a) Bimal Roy
b) K Asif
c) Mustaq Hussain
d) Kamal Amrohi
43.
Naresh Chandra Committee was formed to suggest reforms in

a) Highway construction
b) Sagarmala project
c) Civil Aviation
d) Telecom policy
44.
Who has won the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna for the year 2006?
a) Pankaj Advani
b) Rahuk Dravid
c) Samresh Jung
d) Anju Bobby George
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45.
Where were the 18th Commonwealth Games held in 2006?

a) Doha
b) Manchester
c) Beijing
d) Melbourne
46.
Who was the Chief Guest at the 2007 Republic Day parade ?
a) Hugo Chavez
b) Mahmud Amadinejad
c) Vladamir Putin
d) Fidel Castro
47.
The book Indian Summers has been written by.

a) John Wright
b) Steven Waugh
c) Mike Gatting
d) Ian Chappell
48.
Who has been chosen as the MTV Youth Icon of the Year for 2006?
a) Shahrukh Khan b) Anil Ambani
c) M S Dhoni
d) Sachin Tendukar
49.
How many languages have been identified in the eighth schedule of Indian Constitution?
a) 21
b) 22
c) 23
d) 24
50.
Which country holds the record for scoring the maximum number of runs in a single innings
of a ODI match?
a) South Africa
b) Australia
c) India
d) Sri Lanka
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BRM Test - 11
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
In terms of value, which Indian spice export holds the top position?
a) Pepper
b) Chillies
c) Turmeric
d) Cardamom
2.
Which Asian nation was the first to get a World Bank Loan?
a) Vietnam
b) Pakistan
c) China
d) India
3.
The movie Gladiator was directed by...............

a) Quentin Tarantino
b) Steven Spielberg
c) James Cameron
d) Ridley Scott
4.
The Kauvery water dispute does not involve.......................... .

a) Andhra Pradesh b) Karnataka
c) Kerala
d) Tamil Nadu
5.
Which of the following countries has opened the first floating runway (Mega Float)?
a) Japan
b) France
c) Britain
d) America
6.
Pascal Lamy, the director-general of the WTO, belongs to which country?

a) France
b) Italy
c) Philippines
d) Australia
7.
Which of the following is NOT a member of the United Nations?

a) Switzerland
b) Taiwan
c) East Timor
d) Ukraine
8.
Who was appointed the new President of Iraq after the intense political impasse following
Jan 30, 2005?
a) Jalal Talabani
b) Ibrahim al-Jaafari
c) Mahmoud Abbas
d) None of these
9.
Which Indian state is nicknamed Land of the Gods (Dev Bhoomi) because of its many
holy places?
a) Kerala
b) Bihar
c) Uttaranchal
d) Haryana
10.
What is the popular name of Mohammed Abdul-Raouf al-Oudma al-Hussein?

a) Saddam Hussein
b) Yasser Arafat
c) Osama bin Laden
d) Mohammed Ali Jinnah
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11.
Which among the following is the headquarters of the Palestine Liberation Organisation
(PLO)?
a) Ramallah
b) Jericho
c) Hebron
d) Gaza City
12.
Which of the following Indian States/UTs has the lowest population as per Census 2001?
a) Daman and Diu
b) Lakshadweep
c) Sikkim
d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
13.
Who won the Dada Saheb Phalke Award for the year 2004, in 2006?
a) Yash Chopra
b) Viru Devgan
c) Adoor Gopalakrishnan
d) Mrinal Sen
14.
Which of the following books is not written by Vikram Seth?

a) From Heaven Lake
b) An Equal Music
c) The Golden Gate
d) Half Life
15.
The density of population per square kilometers in India has increased from 267 in 1991 to
............. in 2001.
a) 300
b) 316
c) 324
d) 333
16.
Which of the following is not a West Asian country?

a) Algeria
b) Jordan
c) Qatar
d) Yemen
17.
In which field are Chameli Devi Jain awards given?

a) Literature
b) Journalism
c) Social Service
d) Family Planning
18.
Who is the Union Minister of Civil Aviation?

a) Sharad Pawar
b) Arjun Singh
c) Ram Vilas Paswan
d) Prafulla Patel
19.
What is the only oviparous mammal existing on earth?

a) The blue whale
b) White shark
c) Duckbilled platypus
d) The giant turtle
20.
Four Dragons is a group of four small Asian countries that have experienced unusually
rapid economic development. Two of these countries are Singapore and Hong Kong. The
other two are
a) North Korea and Indonesia
b) Indonesia and Japan
c) Malaysia and Taiwan
d) South Korea and Taiwan
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21.
Where is the Mishra Dhatu Nigam, Limited, a specialist defence unit located?
a) Hyderabad
b) Ghaziabad
c) Nasik
d) Lucknow
22.
Which of the following diseases is transmitted through the bites of female aedes mosquitoes?
a) Leprosy
b) Dengue Fever
c) Influenza
d) Diphtheria
23.
At which of the following places, does ISRO not have a centre?

a) Thiruvananthapuram
b) Bangalore
c) Mumbai
d) Nasik
24.
Mohammad El-Baradei is the Director-General of the

a) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
c) World Health Organization (WHO)
d) International Labour Organisation (ILO)
25.
Which of the following sectors does not come under tertiary sector?
a) Trade
b) Transport
c) Electricity
d) Business services
26.
Which of the following places has a Special Economic Zone (SEZ)?

a) New Delhi
b) Jabalpur
c) Kandla
d) Palampur
27.
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi is the Prime Minister of

a) Malaysia
b) Ethiopia
c) Mauritius
d) Sudan
The bank commonly known as World Bank is

a) IBRD
b) IMF
c) IDA
d) IFC
28.
29.
The much dreaded KGB is/was the secret police organisation of

a) U.K
b) U.S.A
c) The erstwhile USSR
d) Poland
30.
Who is the new Secretary General of UNO?

a) Ban Ki Moon
b) Kofi Annan
c) Paul Wolfgowitz d) Pascal Lamy
31.
Who gave the title music for the movie Mughal-e-Azam?

a) Khayyam
b) O.P.Nayyar
c) Naushad
32.
d) S.D.Burman
The first Indian feature film to be insured in India was.

a) Bandit Queen
b) Fire
c) Taal
d) Roja
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33.
Who among the following is the Chairman of the 12th Finance Commission?
a) Jaswant Singh
b) Bimal Jalan
c) C.Rangarajan
d) Y.V. Reddy
34.
The Buddhist Sect Mahayana formally came into existence during the reign of
a) Kanishka
b) Ajata Shatru
c) Ashoka
d) Dharma Pala
35.
The last in the succession of Jain Tirthankaras was

a) Mani Subrata
b) Mahavira
c) Rishabha
d) Parsvanatha
36.
Business @ the Speed of Thought is a book written by

a) Bill Gates
b) M.S. Oberoi
c) Alyque Padamsee d) Gita Piramal
37.
Which industry accounts for a fifth of Indias industrial production and a third of the export
earnings?
a) Steel
b) Textiles
c) InfoTech
d) Pharmaceuticals
38.
The Worlds largest desert is the

a) Arabian desert
b) Australian desert c) Gobi desert
39.
Co-relate the following tournaments with their sports

A Irani Trophy
I. Football
B Federation Cup
II. Cricket
C Bardoloi Trophy
III. Tennis
D Obaidullah Cup
IV. Hockey
a)
b)
c)
d)
40.
d) Sahara desert
A IV
A III
A II
A II
B III
B II
B IV
B III
Malaria affects the

a) Liver
C II
C IV
CI
CI
b) Spleen
DI
DI
D III
D IV
c) Intestine
d) Lungs
41.
The Election Commission functions under the

a) Ministry of Home Affairs
b) Ministry of Law
c) Prime Ministers Secretariat
d) None of these
42.
What is the correct chronological order in which the following rulers ruled in India?
I. Sher Shah Suri II. Akbar
III. Allauddin Khilji IV. Iltutmish
a) IV, I, III, II
b) IV, III, I, II
c) I, II, III, IV
d) III, IV, I, II
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43.
Article 352 of the Indian Constitution needs to be revoked in case

a) The Presidents Rule is to be imposed
b) Emergency is declared
c) The services of a govt. servant are to be terminated without any enquiry
d) A politcal party of national level is to be banned
44.
Who is the President of Sri Lanka?

a) Chandrika Kumaratunga
c) Ratnasiri Wikramanayeke
b) Laxman Karmadigar
d) Mahinda Rajapakse
45.
Who has been crowned as Miss Universe 2006?

a) Natalie Glebova
b) Zuleyka Rivera Mendoza
c) Kurara Chibana
d) Elle McLaughlin
46.
Who has been crowned as Miss World 2006?

a) Tatana Kucharova
b) Unnur Birna Vihjalmsdottir
c) Maria Julia Mantilla
d) Rossana Davison
47.
Who has been elected as the president of Brazil?

a) Luis Inacio Lula da Silva
b) Jose Serra
c) Ciro Gomes
d) Jose Maria de Almeida
48.
The 2012 Olympic games will be held at

a) Beijing
b) Athens
c) London
d) Montreal
The 2008 Olympic games will be held at

a) Tokyo
b) Beijing
c) Amsterdam
d) Sydney
The 2010 FIFA Soccer World cup will be held at

a) England
b) USA
c) South Africa
d) Portugal
49.
50.
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BRM Test - 12
Questions: 50
1.
Time : 25 Mins.
Which of the planets is known as the Earths twin?

a) Neptune
b) Venus
c) Mars
d) Saturn
2.
ISO-14001 is granted to a company for quality of

a) HRD
b) Service
c) Production
d) Protection of environment
3.
What is the correct sequence in which the following three movements were led by Mahatma
Gandhi?
I. Champaran Movement
II. Non-Cooperation Movement
III. Dandi March
a) III, II, I
b) II, I, III
c) I, III, II
d) I, II, III
4.
Sindhu Rakshak is a/an

a) Aircraft carrier
c) Multiple-purpose fighter
b) Submarine
d) Anti-aircraft gun
5.
Which of the following group of States is written in the descending order with respect to the
density of population?
a) West Bengal-Uttar Pradesh-Kerala-Bihar
b) Bihar-Uttar Pradesh-West Bengal-Madhya Pradesh
c) Kerala-Bihar-Uttar Pradesh-Tamil Nadu
d) Madhya Pradesh-Bihar-Kerala-West Bengal
6.
Radio-activity was first discovered by

a) Becquerel
b) Madam Curie
c) Rutherford
d) Jenner
7.
The Nathpa-Jhakri Hydro-electric Power Project is located in which of the following States
and how much power is it likely to generate?
a) Jammu and Kashmir- 1000 MW
b) Punjab-2000 MW
c) Himachal Pradesh-1500 MW
d) Tripura-2000 MW.
8.
The Dada Saheb Phalke Award is associated with which field?

a) Best film director
b) Best musician
c) Best documentary
d) Best work relating to promotion of the Indian film Industry
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9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
The speed of sound is maximum in which medium?

a) Air
b) Water
c) Steel
d) Vacuum
Enzymes are
a) Hormones
d) Organic catalysts
b) Proteins
Who is the author of the book Yama?

a) Surya Kant Tripathi (Nirala)
c) Mahadevi Verma
c) Carbohydrates
b) Sumitra Nandan Pant

d) Vatsyayan (Agyeya)
Buxar Fort is situated on the banks of which river

a) Jamuna
b) Ganga
c) Gomti
Almatti Dam dispute is mainly between
a) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
c) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
d) Brahmaputra
b) Tamil Nadu and Kerala

d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
14.
Who developed the branch of mathematics known as Calculus?

a) Aryabhatta
b) Newton
c) Enstein
d) Archimedes
15.
The Union Council of Ministers is responsible to

a) President
b) Rajya Sabha
c) Lok Sabha
d) Both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
16.
The Aswan Dam is located in

a) Egypt
b) Libya
17.
18.
c) Sudan
d) Iran
In which state is the Kanha National Park situated?

a) MP
b) UP
c) Assam
d) West Bengal
Which country is known as The Springboks of rugby?

a) New Zealand
b) Australia
c) South Africa
d) Zimbabwe
19.
Which acid is used in lead storage battery?

a) Sulphuric acid
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) Nitric acid
d) Acetic acid
20.
Which of the following cities has winter, when there is summer in India?
a) Damascus
b) Shanghai
c) Melbourne
d) Osaka
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21.
The Kailash Temple at Ellora is a specimen of

a) Gupta architecture
b) Rashtrakuta architecture
c) Chalukya architecture
d) Chola architecture
22.
Ghana Bird Sanctuary is in the state of

a) Rajasthan
d) Maharashtra
Which of the following is a land locked country

a) Thailand
b) Laos
c) Malaysia
d) Cambodia
Amino acids are building blocks of

a) Fats
b) Minerals
d) Carbohydrates
23.
24.
c) Proteins
25.
In which of the following battles was Prithvi Raj defeated by Mohammad Ghauri?
a) Plassey
b) Panipat
c) Wandiwash
d) Tarain
26.
Towards the middle of the 18 th century, Delhi was devastated by

a) Chengiz Khan
b) Nadir Shah
c) Timur Shah
d) Shah Abbas
27.
The Indian Constitution can be amended under Article

a) 312
b) 368
c) 390
28.
Gregor Mendel is associated with

a) Discovery of germs
c) Law of conservation of energy
d) 249
b) Laws of heredity
d) Prevention of rabies
29.
What of the following is not the work of Kalidasa?

a) Meghdoot
b) Raghuvansha
c) Sariputra Prakarma
d) Ritushamhara
30.
Which one of the following pairs is not correct?

a) Kaziranga Sanctuary - Assam
b) Jog Falls - Karnataka
c) Jim Corbett National Park - Bihar
d) Periyar Wild Life Sanctuary - Kerala
31.
In which field of art did Jaimini Roy make her name?

a) Sculpture
b) Painting
c) Music
d) Drama
32.
The filament of an electric heater is made of

a) Titanium
b) Nichrome
c) Tungsten
d) Iron
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33.
Aamir Khusro was the famous poet and aesthete in the time of............
a) Akbar the Great
b) Mahmud Ghaznvi
c) Shah Jahan
d) Allauddin Khilji
34.
A Dog Fish is
a) A salamander
c) A Plankton floating in the sea
35.
b) A Shark
d) A fish with a mouth like of a dog
The temples of Halebid and Belur were built by

a) Cholas
b) Hoysalas
c) Rashtrakutas
d) Pallavas
36.
The word Satyameva Jayate has been taken from

a) Vedas
b) Bhagwad Gita
c) Mundaka Upnishada
d) Mahabharata
37.
Who can be called the father of Local self-government in India?

a) Lord Rippon
b) Lord Minto
c) Lord Curzon
d) Lord Dufferin
38.
The Vijaynagar kingdom was founded in the

a) 13th Century AD
b) 14th Century AD
th
c) 15 Century AD
d) 16th Century AD
39.
Which of the following events is not correctly matched?

a) Simon Commission-1926
b) Salt Satyagraha - 1930
c) Gandhi - Irwin Pact - 1931
d) Quit India Movement - 1942
40.
The Ashoka pillar whose lion capital was adopted by the Government of India as National
Emblem, is located at
a) Varanasi
b) Puri
c) Sarnath
d) Gaya
41.
The term Niskha which meant an ornament in Vedic period, later denoted
a) A weapon
b) A script
c) An Agricultural Implement
d) A Coin
42.
Article 25 of the Indian Constitution is concerned with

a) The right to freedom of religion
b) The right to equality
c) The right to freedom of work
43.
Which one of the following bodies finalises the Five-year Plans proposals
a) Planning Commission
b) Union Cabinet
c) National Development Council
d) Ministry of Planning
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44.
45.
Siraj-ud-Daula was defeated in the battle of

a) Buxar
b) Plassey
c) Wandiwash
d) None of these
With which historical personality is the Raigarh fort assocaited?

a) Rana Pratap
b) Shivaji
c) Akbar
d) Muhammad Tughlaq
46.
Next to Hindi, the language spoken by the largest number of people in the Indian subcontinent is..............
a) Urdu
b) Bangla
c) Telugu
d) Tamil
47.
C.V. Raman got Nobel Prize for

a) Thermo Dynamics
c) Optics and spectroscopy
b) Quantum theory
d) Nuclear Physics
Neutron was discovered by

a) Otto Hahn
c) Lise Meitner
b) Enrico Fermi
d) James Chadwick
48.
49.
Which of the following countries was the first to develop a neutron bomb?
a) USA
b) USSR
c) China
d) Pakistan
50.
Bharat Jagdeo is the President of which Caribbean Island?

a) Jamaica
b) Trinidad & Tobago
c) Barbados
d) Guyana
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BRM Test - 13
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
Who won the 2006 Australian Open mens tennis title?

a) Raefal Nadal
b) Marcos Baghdatis
c) Roger Federer
d) Lleyton Hewitt
2.
Kathakali is the dance form of which state?

a) Kerala
b) Rajasthan
c) Uttar Pradesh
d) Tamil Nadu
3.
Which battle led to the establishment of the Mughal empire in India?

a) The first battle of Panipat
b) The second battle of Panipat
c) The second battle of Tarain
d) None of these
4.
Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal?

a) Lord Clive
b) Lord Hastings
c) Lord Lytton
d) Lord Ripon
Industrial Revolution first began in

a) Germany
b) England
d) Italy
5.
6.
c) France
The International Date Line is represented by

a) 1000 meridian
b) 00 meridian
c) 1800 meridian
d) 900 meridian
7.
Next to UP, which are the two states having maximum representation in the Lok Sabha?
a) Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
b) Bihar and Maharashtra
c) Bihar and Madhya Pradesh
d) Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu
8.
How long can one, under the Constitution, remain minister without being a member of either
of the two Houses of Parliament?
a) Three months
b) Six months
c) Nine months
d) Twelve months
9.
The largest planet in the solar system is

a) Jupiter
b) Saturn
10.
11.
c) Uranus
d) Neptune
Iodization of salt is a public health measure to prevent

a) Diabetes
b) Tuberculosis
c) Goitre
d) Anaemia
The term Ashes is associated with

a) Hockey
b) Cricket
d) Kabbadi
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12.
Which one of the following is a westward flowing river?

a) Cauvery
b) Sone
c) Narmada
d) Ganga
13.
Sikkim was made an integral part of India under the

a) 42nd Amendment
b) 40th Amendment
c) 39th Amendment
d) 36th Amendment
14.
Who among the following was the great protagonist of the Doctrine of Lapse?
a) Lord Wellesley b) Lord Dalhousie c) Lord Minto
d) Lord Hastings
15.
Who wrote Mudrarakshasa?

a) Kautilya
b) Visakhadatta
c) Kalhana
16.
Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

a) Alexander Fleming - Discovery of Penicillin
b) Edward Jenner - Vaccination against smallpox
c) Lister - Cure for leprosy
d) Jones E. Salk - Vaccine against polio
17.
Khajuraho is located in
a) MP
b) Gujarat
c) Rajasthan
d) Kalidas
d) Karnataka
18.
The Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 culminated in the signing of a pact in 1931 by
Gandhiji and the then Viceroy
a) Lord Linlithgow b) Lord Irwin
c) Lord Wavell
d) None of them
19.
Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

a) Abul Fazal - Ain-i-Akbari
b) Badauni-Akbar Nama
c) Abdul Hamid Lahori - Tabkat-i-Akbari d) Nizamuddin Ahmad - Badshah Nama
20.
Who is the author of the famous book Politics?

a) Aristotle
b) Socrates
b) Plato
d) None of them
21.
Towards the end of the 15th century Vasco da Gama, the famous seafarer, landed at
a) Mangalore
b) Calicut
c) Cochin
d) Goa
22.
Name the periodical which Gandhiji published during his stay in South Africa
a) Indian Opinion b) Young India
c) Afrikaner
d) Navijivan
23.
Which state in India has the highest coal reserves?

a) West Bengal
b) Bihar
c) MP
d) Jharkhand
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24.
In which century did Megasthenes visit India?

a) 4th Century BC
b) 3rd Century BC
c) 2nd Century BC
d) 1st Century BC
25.
The Gandhara School of Art flourished during the time of

a) The Kushans
b) The Guptas
c) The Mauryas
d) None of these
The Peacock throne was made during the reign of

a) Jehangir
b) Shahjahan
c) Akbar
d) Aurangzeb
Charakasamhita is a work on
a) Polity
b) Medicine
d) Mathematics
26.
27.
c) Architecture
28.
Which was the first European nation to establish its territorial rule in India?
a) The French
b) The Dutch
c) The English
d) The Portuguese
29.
Who was Dhanvantari?

a) A famous general of Chandragupta Maurya
b) A noted physician who adorned the court of Chandragupta Vikramaditya
c) A famous dramatist who lived during the time of Harsha
d) None of them
30.
Which pair is NOT matched correctly?

a) Vyas - The Mahabharata
c) Tulsi Das - The Ramacharit Manas
b) Valmiki - The Ramayana

d) Bana Bhatta - Gita Govindam
31.
Which of the following chemicals in automobile exhaust can cause cancer?

a) Carbon monoxide
b) Polycyclic hydrocarbons
c) Lead
d) Oxides of nitrogen
32.
Numaligarh (Rs. 2800 crore) refinery project to produce crude oil is in

a) Gujarat
b) Orissa
c) Assam
d) Arunachal Pradesh
33.
Name the Indian leader who chaired the drafting committee of the Indian Constitution?
a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
d) Sardar Patel
34.
The ruins at Hampi are related to

a) The Vijaynagar Empire
c) The Gupta Empire
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b) The Bahamani Kingdom

d) None of these
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35.
The UN Secretary General is appointed by

a) The General Assembly
b) The Security Council
c) The General Assembly on the recommendations of Security Council
d) The International Court of Justice
36.
The Salal hydro-electric project is located across the river

a) Jhelum
b) Ravi
c) Chenab
37.
38.
Tropic of Cancer is a/an

a) Incurable disease
c) Northern Latitude
d) Beas
b) Scientific apparatus to detect cancer

d) Southern Latitude
Which country is the largest producer of coconut?

a) Bangladesh
b) India
c) Phillipines
d) Sri Lanka
39.
Man passed from the food gathering state to the food producing stage in the
a) Neolithic Age
b) Mesolithic Age c) Chalcolithic Age d) Palaeolithic Age
40.
Jerusalem is a holy city of

a) The Jews
b) The Christians
b) The Muslims
Vernal Equinox takes place on

a) 21st March
c) 23rd September
b) 18th June
d) 22nd December
Diesel engine was invented by

a) A German engineer
c) A British engineer
b) An American engineer
d) None of them
41.
42.
43.
The basic principle of heredity was discovered by

a) The Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel b) Darwin
c) A.H. Becquerel
d) None of them
44.
Part IV of the Indian Constitution deals with

a) Fundamental Rights
b) Citizenship
c) Directive Principles of State Policy
d) Election
45.
The oldest Hindu epic is

a) Mahabhashya
c) Ashtadhyayi
d) All of them
b) Ramayana
d) Mahabharata
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46.
Meenakshi, Somnath and Dilwara temples are in which one of the following groups of
states?
a) Tamil Nadu,
b) Gujarat, Rajasthan and Karnataka
c) Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Rajasthan
d) Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
47.
Who won the 2006 Australian Open women tennis title?

a) Amelie Mauresmo
b) Justine Henin Hardene
c) Maria Sharapova
d) Serena Williams
48.
Who won the 2006 French Open mens tennis title?

a) Raefal Nadal
b) Mariano Puerta
c) Roger Federer
d) Gaston Gaudio
49.
Who won the 2006 French Open women tennis title?

a) Svetlana Kuznetsova
c) Maria Sharapova
d) Kim Clijsters
50.
Who won the 2006 Wimbledon mens tennis title?

a) Raefal Nadal
b) Tim Henman
c) Roger Federer
d) Tim Murray
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BRM Test - 14
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
The Gupta Period is described as the golden age of Sanskrit literature because
a) The Gupta rulers adopted Sanskrit as their court language
b) The famous Kalidasa, the Indian Shakespeare, and several other great literary figures lived
during this period
c) The Ramayana and Mahabharata were revised in their present form and in the latter was
inserted the great philosopical poem, the Bhagavad Gita or Lords Song
d) All of these
2.
Harshavardhanas capital was

a) Kanauj
c) Prayag
b) Vaishali
d) Patliputra
3.
The Chola kings (10th and 11th centuries) are best known for
a) Their maritime activities
b) Their patronage of learning
c) Their good administration
d) All of these
4.
Which of the following countries is considered as the last remaining seat of Lamaist Mahayana
Buddhism?
a) China
b) Bhutan
c) Tibet
d) Mongolia
5.
Indias National Calendar is based on

a) The Saka Era
b) The Christian Era c) The Samvat Era d) The Kali Yuga
6.
The Battle of Hydaspes between Alexander the Great and Porus took place in
a) 323 BC
b) 324 BC
c) 425 BC
d) 326 BC
7.
Buddha died in
a) 483 BC
b) 480 BC
c) 478 BC
d) 477 BC
8.
The Battles of the Tarain were fought between

a) Mahmud of Ghazni and Jaipal
b) Mahmud of Ghazni and Anandpal
c) Prithivi Raj and Jai Chand
d) Muhammad Ghori and Prithvi Raj
9.
The Adi Granth was compiled by

a) Guru Nanak Dev
c) Guru Arjun Dev
b) Guru Ram Das

d) Guru Gobind Singh
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10.
The religious order established by Mother Teresa is called

a) Sisters of Charity
b) Mothers of Charity
c) Missionaries of Charity
d) Messengers of Love
11.
Which Indian city is known as the Space City?

a) Hyderabad
b) Ahmedabad
c) Bangalore
d) Trivandrun
Mohenjodaro is situated in
a) Punjab
b) Gujarat
d) Baluchistan
12.
c) Sind
13.
Which one of the following is the most densely populated country in the world?
a) Bangladesh
b) India
c) China
d) Britain
14.
The Battle of Plassey was fought in the year

a) 1757
b) 1747
c) 1737
d) 1761
The Battle of Talikota resulted in the fall of which kingdom?

a) Vijayanagar
b) Ahmadnagar
c) Bijapur
d) None of these
15.
16.
Gandhiji conducted his first important experiment in Satyagraha in India at

a) Dandi
b) Chauri Chaura
c) Bardoli
d) Champaran
17.
He visited Europe and America as a cultural ambassador of India. He condemned the caste
system and the current Hindu emphasis on rituals, ceremonies and superstitions. He remarked:
Our religion is Dont touch me. I am holy. These lines allude to
a) Swami Vivekananda
b) Swami Rama Tirtha
c) Raja Ram Mohan roy
d) Swami Dayananda
18.
Who among the following was not a representative of militant nationalism (also known as
extremism)?
a) Lala Lajpat Rai
b) Bipin Chandra Pal
c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
19.
The Simon Commission first visited India in the year

a) 1925
b) 1927
c) 1919
20.
d) 1928
Two Home Rule Leagues were started in 1915-16 under the leadership of
a) Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak
b) Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai
c) Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal
d) Tilak and Aurobindo Ghosh
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21.
In which year did the Congress adopt Poorna Swaraj or complete independence as its goal?
a) 1930
b) 1929
c) 1928
d) 1927
22.
Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?

a) BC 261-The Kalinga War
b) AD 78-Commencement of Saka Era
c) AD 662-Commencement of the Hijri Era
d) AD 1709-Death of Aurangzeb
23.
Indika was authored by

a) Megasthenese
b) Fa-Hien
c) Hieun-Tsang
d) None of them
24.
29
a)
b)
c)
d)
25.
Which of the following statement concerning the 42nd Constitutional amendment is wrong?
a) The scope of judical review was narrowed down
b) Directive Principles of State Policy were given preference over Fundamental Rights
c) A set of Fundamental Duties was incorporated in the Constitution
d) Parliamentary form of government was replaced by presidential form of government.
26.
Who was known as Desert Fox in World War II?

a) Lord Montgomery
b) Field Marshal Rommel
c) Hitler
d) Mussolini
27.
Paleolithic Age is known for

a) Hunting and food gathering
c) Dawn of agriculture
b) Age of dinosaurs
d) First mammals
The Char Minar is in

a) Hyderabad
b) Ahmednagar
c) Ahmedabad
28.
29.
30.
March, 1930 is a memorable day in the history of Indias freedom movement because
Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to a six years imprisonment
Gandhi started the second major civil disobedience movement with his famous Dandi March
Bhagat Singh was hanged
Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed
Bile, a fluid which helps in the digestion of fats, is secreted by

a) Pituitary
b) Stomach
c) Pancreas
d) Fatepur Sikri
d) Liver
A hereditary disease of the blood in which there is a deficiency in the blood clotting mechanism
is called
a) Haemophilia
b) Anaemia
c) Haemophobia
d) None of these
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31.
Which one of the following places is associated with the death of Buddha?
a) Gaya
b) Vaishali
c) Kushinagar
d) Sanchi
32.
Sulabsutra, a manual on mathematics (800 BC-500 BC) relates to

a) Algebra
b) Arithmetic
c) Science of volume
d) Constructional geometry
33.
The colour of a star is an indication of its

a) Distance from the sun
c) Distance from the earth
b) Luminosity
d) Temperature
34.
The territory called Lushai Hills district under British rule is today known as
a) Arunachal Pradesh
b) Mizoram
c) Nagaland
d) Meghalaya
35.
The Article under Constitution dealing with recruitment, conditions of service in Union and
State Governments is
a) 301
b) 315
c) 311
d) 309
36.
The number of days the moon takes to rotate round the earth is about
a) 27 days
b) 28 days
c) 29 days
d) 30 days
37.
Which one of the following ports in not located on the eastern coast of India?
a) Visakhapatnam b) Chennai
c) Paradeep
d) Mangalore
38.
The President must summon each House of Parliament

a) at least twice in a year
b) at least three times in a year
c) within six months from the date of the last sitting of each house
d) within three months from the date of the last sitting of each house.
39.
Famous Brihadeswara temple is in

a) Rajasthan
b) Karnataka
40.
41.
c) Tamil Nadu
In which year was the Battle of Talikota fought?

a) 1579
b) 1576
c) 1537
Sangam literature is associated with
a) Maharashtra
c) Tamil Nadu
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d) Gujarat
d) 1564
b) Uttar Pradesh
d) West Bengal
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42.
The third battle of Panipat was fought between

a) Akbar and Hemu
b) Babar and Ibrahim Lodi
c) Ahmed Shah Abdali and the Marathas d) Akbar and Rana Sangram Singh
43.
Shirdi Sai Baba lived in

a) 19th century
c) 17th century
b) 18th century
d) 20th century
44.
Who won the 2006 Wimbledon women tennis title?

a) Amelie Mauresmo
c) Maria Sharapova
d) Kim Clijsters
45.
Who won the 2006 US Open mens tennis title?

a) Andy Roddick
b) Roger Federer
c) Marat Safin
d) Andre Agassi
46.
Who won the 2006 US Open women tennis title?

a) Svetlana Kuznetsova
c) Maria Sharapova
d) Venus Williams
47.
Who among the following, apart from India, are members of G-4?
a) Brazil, Germany, Japan
b) Brazil, South Africa, Germany
c) South Africa, Germany, Japan
d) Brazil, South Africa, Japan
48.
Who is the author of the book The Argumentative India?

a) Karan Singh
b) Khuswant Singh
c) Amartya Sen
d) Robin Sharma
49.
Who is the author of the book Its not about the bike?
a) Lance Armstrong
b) Valentino Rossi
c) Narain Karthikeyan
50.
Which among the following is not a benefit availed by the members of WTO?
a) The member governments are shielded from lobbying.
b) Freer trade cuts cost of living.
c) Trade Disputes are handled constructively.
d) Access to Foreign currency is made easier.
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BRM Test - 15
Questions: 50
1.
Time : 25 Mins.
The principal producer of mica in India is..

a) Rajasthan
b) Andhra Pradesh c) Bihar
d) Jharkhand
2.
Which instrument is used to measure humidity?

a) Hygrometer
b) Hydrometer
c) Galvanometer
d) Thermometer
3.
The Suez Canal joins which of the following two seas?

a) The Red Sea and the Mediterranean
b) The Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea
c) The Mediterranean and the Black Sea d) None of these
4.
Which of the following is the oldest institution?

a) Arya Samaj
b) Brahmo Samaj
c) Theosophical Society
d) Servants of India Society
5.
The Mahabalipuram Temple in Tamil Nadu was built during the reign of which of the following dynasties?
a) Chola Dynasty
b) Chalukya Dynasty
c) Pallava Dynasty
d) Pandya Dynasty
6.
Match the Following

AUTHOR
A) Jawahar Lal Nehru
B) Upamanyu Chatterjee
C) Sarojini Naidu
D) R.K. Narayan
A
4
2
3
1
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.
B
2
4
2
2
BOOK
1. Golden Threshold
2. Glimpses of World History
3. A Grandmothers Tale
4. English August
C
1
1
4
3
D
3
3
1
4
Which of the following is not a Fundamental Right?

a) Right to equality
b) Right to property
c) Right to freedom of religion
d) Right to constitutional remedies
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8.
The Harappans had trade links with

a) Rome
c) Mesopotamia
b) Greece
d) All the three
9.
Which Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains the recognized languages of India?
a) Ninth
b) Eighth
c) Seventh
d) Second
10.
The earliest of the Vedas is

a) Atharva Veda
c) Sama Veda
b) Rig Veda
d) Yajur Veda
11.
Ibn Batuta, the famous Arab traveler, was in the court of

a) Ala-ud-din Khilji
b) Muhammad Tughlak
c) Firoz Shah Tughlak
d) Babur
12.
Uranium is mainly found in which of the following states?

a) Orissa
b) Bihar
c) Karnataka
d) Jharkhand
13.
Ascorbic acid is the chemical name of.

a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
14.
Which one of the following is popularly called Dakshin Ganga?

a) Cauvery
b) Krishna
c) Godavari
d) Tungbhadra
15.
Presidents rule proclaimed in a state cannot normally be continued beyond

a) Three Months
b) Six Months
c) Twelve Months d) Eighteen Months
16.
The first satellite launched by India was

a) Bhaskara-I
b) Aryabhata
c) Bhaskara - II
d) Rohini
17.
India is a secular state because

a) All religions are equally protected
b) The state has no religion of its own
c) There is no discrimination on grounds of religion or caste
d) All of the above
18.
The first Muslim King to invade India was

a) Mohammed Bin Quasim
b) Mahmud of Ghazni
c) Mohammad Ghori
d) Chengiz Khan
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19.
The generation to come, it may be, will scarcely believe that such a one as this, ever in
flesh and blood, walked upon the earth. This tribute was paid to Gandhiji by
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) George Bernard Shaw
c) Albert Einstein
d) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
20.
Garba is the regional dance of which state

a) Bihar
b) Madhya Pradesh c) Gujarat
d) Maharashtra
Sanchi Stupa is in the state of

a) Bihar
d) Maharashtra
Which state in India ranks first in the production of coffee?

a) Karnataka
b) Kerala
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Andhra Pradesh
What is the upper part of the suns atmosphere called?

a) Chromosphere b) Corona
c) Photosphere
d) Ionosphere
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
German Silver is an alloy comprising

a) Copper, Nickel and Zinc
c) Silver, Nickel and Zinc
b) Silver, Copper and Zinc

d) Nickel, Zinc and Lead
CRY is an organization dealing with

a) Environments
c) Welfare of neglected children
b) Welfare of destitute women

d) Community development
26.
Indicate the names of the following three Chola kings chronologically

I) Raja Raja
II) Vijayalaya
III) Rajendra
a) I, II, III
b) III, II, I
c) I, III, II
d) II, I, III
27.
Which of the following planets is called the Evening Star?

a) Mercury
b) Mars
c) Venus
d) Saturn
Of the following, whose ideas had influenced Gandhiji?

a) Karl Marx
b) Leo Tolstoy
c) Lenin
d) Fyodor Dostoevsky
28.
29.
When was the first Swadeshi movement in India launched on large scale?
a) 1885
b) 1905
c) 1919
d) 1930
30.
Panini, a famous personality of ancient India, was

a) a grammarian
b) an astronomer
c) a philosopher
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31.
The celebrated astronomer Aryabhata of ancient India lived during the

a) Maurya period
b) Kushan period
c) Gupta period
d) Nanda period
32.
Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the following Maurya rulers?
a) Bindusara, Ashoka, Chandragupta
b) Chandragupta, Bindusara, Ashoka
c) Bindusara, Chandragupa, Ashoka
d) Ashoka, Chandragupta, Bindusara
33.
Trimurti is associated wtih

a) Ellora
c) Khajuraho
34.
b) Ajanta
d) Elephanta Caves
The non-permanent members of the Security Council serve for

a) One year
b) Two years
c) Three years
d) Four years
35.
The Muslim League passed a resolution at its Lahore session demanding a separate homeland
for the Muslims of the sub-continent which later became the basis of Pakistan. In which
year was the resolution passed?
a) 1940
b) 1941
c) 1942
d) 1943
36.
Dome of the Rock, a monument revered by the Muslims, is located at

a) Mecca
b) Medina
c) Jerusalem
d) Qom (Iran)
37.
The President of India can nominate, to the Rajya Sabha a maximum of ...............
a) 6 members
b) 9 members
c) 12 members
d) 15 members
38.
Match the following

A. Bihu
B. Onam
C. Pongal
D. Vaishakhi
a)
b)
c)
d)
39.
A
1
2
3
2
columns:
1. Assam
2. Kerala
3. West Bengal
4. Punjab
5. Tamil Nadu
B
C
D
2
5
4
3
1
4
5
4
1
1
3
4
Which of the following is the most stable element found in nature?

a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Lead
d) Uranium
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40.
Who is the author of An Unknown Indian?

a) VS Naipaul
b) Shobha De
c) Nirad C. Chowdhary
d) RK Narayan
41.
Why does water boil below 100 o C at higher altitudes?

a) There is lesser dissipation of heat at higher altitudes
b) The water is purer at higher altitudes and hence takes less time
c) Pollution free air at higher altitudes increases the calorific value of the fuel
d) The atmospheric pressure at higher altitude is low compared to the pressure at sea level
42.
Radio was invented by .............

a) Graham Bell
c) Coulomb
b) Marconi
d) Edison
43.
When was the elevator (lift) invented and by whom?

a) 1852- E G Otis
b) 1831- Michael Faraday
c) 1898- Otto Hume
d) 1856- Richard Kone
44.
The speed of the sound is maximum in which medium?

a) Air
b) Glass
c) Water
d) Wood
45.
Where are the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank situated?

a) Manila
b) Jakarta
c) Singapore
d) Dhaka
46.
Black soil is best suited for the growth of which crop?

a) Wheat
b) Tea
c) Cotton
d) Jute
Thomas Cup is associated with which sport?

a) Table Tennis
b) Chess
c) Squash
d) Badminton
Indian Railways has been organized into how many zones?

a) 14
b) 15
c) 16
d) 17
47.
48.
49.
Who is the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

a) Paul Wolfowitz
b) Rodrigo Rato
c) Pascal Lamy
d) Jacques Rogge
50.
The book Wings of Fire has been written by

a) APJ Abdul Kalam
b) Amartya Sen
c) Lord Meghraj Desai
d) K R Narayanan
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BRM Test - 16
Questions: 50
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Time : 25 Mins.
Red blood corpuscles are formed in

a) Marrow
b) Liver
c) Kidney
d) Heart
Leprosy is caused by..............

a) Bacterium
b) Virus
d) Helminthes
c) Protozoa
The International Literacy Day is observed on.............

a) 8th September
b) 8th December
c) 16th September
d) 16th December
A Paleontologist is connected to................

a) Birds
b) Fossils
c) Old Tombs
d) Planets
The World Tourism Day is observed on...........

a) 27th July
b) 27th August
c) 27th September
d) 27th October
How is the energy in the Sun generated?

a) Nuclear fusion
c) Nuclear fission
b) Gravitational force
d) Magnetic force
7.
Palk Strait separates which two countries?

a) India and Sri Lanka
b) India and Burma
c) Sri Lanka and Pakistan
d) India and China
8.
The book Origin of Species has been written by...........

a) Adam Smith
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Charles Darwin
d) Claude Bernard
9.
Which of the following does not have an oil refinery?

a) Haldia
b) Koyali
c) Mathura
d) Ahmedabad
Tripitika is related to
a) Buddhists
b) Jains
c) Vaishnavas
d) Shintos
The Khalsa Panth was founded by

a) Guru Hargobind
c) Guru Tegh Bahadur
b) Guru Nanak Dev

d) Guru Gobind Singh
10.
11.
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12.
Who among the following was not captured by the British in 1857?
a) Mangal Pandey
b) Bahadur Shah II
c) Nana Sahib
d) Tantia Tope
13.
The Saka Era was founded by

a) Harsha
b) Kanishka
c) Ashoka
d) Vikramaditya
14.
Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

a) Nalanda-ancient university
b) Tanjore-ancient port
c) Konark-Sun Temple
d) Amaravati-Stupa
15.
The All India Muslim League was founded by

a) Nawab Salimullah Khan
b) Sir Mohd. Iqbal
c) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
d) Moulana Shaukat Ali
16.
Zero was invented by:

a) Bhaskara
b) Aryabhatta
c) Varahamihira
d) An unknown Indian
17.
The Simon Commission was concerned with

a) Constitution development
b) Reforms in the princely states
c) Higher Education
d) Famines
18.
The monuments at Khajuraho belong to the period of

a) Vakatakas
b) Rashtrakutas
c) Ganadavatas
d) Chandellas
19.
Which one of the following works of Kalidasa is not a play?

a) Malavikagnimitram
b) Abhijanan Sakuntalam
c) Meghdootam
d) Vikramorvaseyam
20.
What is the correct sequence of the following events?

I. The Partition of Bengal
II. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
III. The Quit India Movement
IV. The Simon Commission Report
a) I, II, III, IV
b) I, II, IV, III
c) IV, III, I, II
d) II, III, I, IV
21.
Match the following :

I. 1931
A. Chauri-Chaura incident
II. 1921
B. Dandi March
III. 1942
C. Cripps Mission
IV. 1930
D. Second Round Table Conference
a) I-D, II-B, III-C, IV-E
b) I-A, II-C, III-B, IV-E
c) I-D, II-C, III-E, IV-B
d) I-D, II-A, III-C, IV-B
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22.
Match the following

I. Sindri
II. Pimpri
III. Surajpur
IV. Korba
A. Cement
B. Fertilisers
C. Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
D. Aluminium
E. Paper
a) I-E, II-B, III-A, IV-D
b) I-B, II-C, III-D, IV-E
c) I-B, II-C, III-A, IV-D
d) I-C, II-A, III-E, IV-B
23.
24.
Leonard da Vincis famous painting Mona Lisa is displayed in

a) Paris
b) London
c) Frankfurt
d) Athens
Limestone, when metamorphosed becomes

a) Granite
b) Slate
c) Marble
d) Quartzite
25.
Which among the following materials has the highest electrical conductivity?
a) Diamond
b) Silver
c) Graphite
d) Wood
26.
Oxygen is liberated on heating..........

a) Zinc oxide
c) Mercuric oxide
b) Manganese dioxide
d) Magnesium oxide
27.
The planetary winds variously known as Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Stormy Sixties
are
a) Trade Winds
b) Cyclones
c) Polar Winds
d) Westerlies
28.
Who is known as the Iron Man of India?

a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Mahatama Gandhi
29.
Otto Von Bismarck is popularly known as the..........

a) Grand Commander
b) Man of Blood and Iron
c) Grand Old Man
d) Man of Destiny
30.
The Ramakrishna Mission was started by

a) Swami Vivekananda
c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
31.
b) Ramakrishna Paramhansa
Maria Montessoris name is associated with

a) Christian mission
b) Child education
c) Womens rights
d) Mission hospitals
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32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Where was Albert Einstein born?

a) U.K.
b) USA
c) Austria
d) Albania
The first navigator to sail around the world was

a) Marco Polo
b) Columbus
c) Amundsen
d) Magellan
John Maynard Keynes was a/an

a) Poet
b) Scientist
c) Mathematician
d) Economist
Who is known as the Little Corporal?

a) Adolf Hitler
c) William E. Gladstone
b) Napolean Bonaparte
Who was the first Indian woman to scale Mt. Everest?

a) Phu Dorjee
b) Ang Dorjee
c) Bachendri Pal
d) Santosh Yadav
37.
Leonardo da Vinci, who is famous for his masterpiece painting Mona Lisa was a/an
a) Frenchman
b) Italian
c) German
d) Englishman
38.
Mother Teresa was born in

a) USA
b) USSR
c) Germany
d) Albania
39.
The first woman film star nominated or elected to the Rajya Sabha was
a) Vaijayanthimala b) Nargis Dutt
c) Jayalalitha
d) Hema Malini
40.
The Scholar who had accompanied Mohammed of Ghazni to India was

a) Al-Raza
b) Ibn Batuta
c) Al-Beruni
d) Al-Firdausi
41.
The new name for Dabhol Power corporation is

a) Naptha Jhakri Corporation Ltd
b) Sardar Sarovar Project Pvt Ltd
c) Ratnagiri Gas and Power Pvt Ltd
d) Tehri Power Project Pvt Ltd
42.
The largest producer of eggs in the world is...........

a) China
b) India
c) Japan
d) Korea
The largest sugar producing state of India is...............

a) Maharashtra
b) Uttar Pradesh
c) Punjab
d) Haryana
43.
44.
As per the constitution of India, Labour is a subject of the

a) Central List
b) State List
c) Concurrent List
d) It is not included in any list
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45.
The 7th Law Commission is chaired by?

a) Soli Sorabjee
b) Ram Jethmalani
c) C Rangarajan
d) M Jagannadha Rao
46.
Operation Flood was started by the...............

a) Mother Dairy
b) Delhi Milk Scheme
c) National Dairy Development Board
d) Government of India
47.
The rate of Value Added Tax (VAT) is

a) 4% and 12.5% b) 4% and 12%
c) 3.5% and 12%
d) 3% and 12.5%
48.
The trade route (ancient silk route) that has opened between India and China after 44 years
is connected by
a) Jelepla Pass
b) Nathu La Pass
c) Rohtang Pass
d) Zozi La Pass
49.
Who is the present Defense Minister of India?

a) Pranab Mukherjee
b) Shivraj Patil
c) A K Antony
d) Sharad Pawar
50.
Mobile Phone was invented by

a) Martin Cooper
c) Thomas Alva Edison
b) J L Baird
d) Alexander Graham Bell
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BRM Test - 17
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
Who is the Supreme Commander of the Indian defense forces?

a) The Chief of Staff of the Indian Army b) The President of India
c) The Prime Minister of India
d) The Defence Minister
2.
Who is the Chief Minister of Goa?

a) Pratapsinh Rane
c) Philip Neri Rodrigues
b) Manohar Parrikar
d) S.C. Jamir
Which is the largest airport in the world?

a) King Khaled International airport
c) O Hare International airport
b) Jeddah airport
d) Heathrow International airport
A money bill can be introduced in

a) Either House of the Parliament
c) Only the RajyaSabha
b) Only the Lok Sabha

3.
4.
5.
One-third of the members of the Rajya Sabha retire after every ............... year/s.
a) One
b) Two
c) Four
d) Five
6.
The speaker can exercise his right to vote in the house

a) At his own pleasure
b) At the discretion of the party that he belongs to
c) Only in the event of an equality of votes
d) If the houses so desire
7.
The zero hour in the parliament refers to a time

a) When proposals made by the opposition are considered
b) When a money bill is introduced in the Lok Sabha
c) Interval between the morning and the afternoon sessions
d) When matters of utmost importance are raised
8.
The total number of members that the president nominates to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya
Sabha is
a) 12
b) 14
c) 22
d) 24
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9.
A minister of state in the union government refers to someone who is

a) A nominee of the state cabinet
b) A minister of the union government but not a member of the cabinet
c) A nominee of the state governor
d) Responsible for safeguarding the interests of the state cabinet
10.
The Presidents rule can be imposed in a state under the controversial article ...................
of the Constitution
a) 256
b) 326
c) 356
d) 386
11.
The president can make laws through ordinances

a) Under no circumstances
b) Only on subjects contained in the concurrent list
c) On certain subjects even when the parliament is in session
d) Only during the recess of the parliament
12.
The idea of incorporation of a concurrent list, besides the union and the state lists, has been
borrowed from the Constitution of
a) Ireland
b) Australia
c) UK
d) Canada
13.
Which of the following writs is issued by the Court for the enforcement of a fundamental
right, as in the case of illegal detention of a person?
a) Habeas Corpus b) Mandamus
c) Certiorari
d) Quo Warranto
14.
If an object is placed between two parallel plane mirrors, the number of images formed will
be
a) 1
b) Infinite
c) 0
d) 4
15.
Laughing gas is
a) Nitric oxide
c) Nitrogen pent oxide
b) Nitrogen dioxide
d) Nitrous oxide
16.
The courts can, under the writ of Mandamus,

a) Ask a person to be produced
b) Order to transfer a case from one court to another
c) Ask to let a person free for a temporary period
d) Direct the government to do or not to do a certain thing
17.
Which one of the following constitutional amendments gives a constitutional status to the
Panchayati Raj Institutions?
a) 71st amendment b) 72nd amendment c) 73rd amendment d) 74 th amendment
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18
. ...................... is regarded to have been the father of local self government in India
a) Rippon
b) Bentinck
c) Curzon
d) Mayo
19.
The Revolt of 1857 had its beginning in..

a) Meerut
b) Plassey
c) Madras
d) Bombay
20.
Who had founded the Indian Home Rule Society?

a) Madan Lal Dhingra
b) V. D. Savarkar
c) Lala Hardayal
d) Shyamji Krishna Verma
21.
With whom was the seven-year rule of missions, omissions, and commissions associated?
a) Lord Dalhousie
b) Lord Curzon
c) Lord Lytton
d) Lord Mayo
22.
The author of Ashtadhyaya is

a) Charaka
b) Panini
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
c) Dhanwantari
The Doctrine of Lapse had been put to much use by

a) Lord Dalhousie b) Lord Bentinck
c) Lord Curzon
d) Lord Rippon
Who is known as the Father of Geometry?

a) Kepler
b) Euclid
c) Pythagoras
d) Newton
Who advocated the theory of Laissez Faire ?

a) Marshall
b) Malthus
c) Adam Smith
d) None of these
Who among the following was known as Fuehrer?

a) Stalin
b) Lenin
c) Hitler
d) Bismarck
Alfred Nobel is associated with the invention of

a) Cosmic rays
b) Dynamite
c) Dynamo
d) Penicillin
28.
Which, among the following crops, holds the highest acreage of cropping in India?
a) Rice
b) Wheat
c) Cotton
d) Potato
29.
Which among the following countries is the Worlds largest consumer of coffee?
a) USA
b) Russia
c) China
d) UK
30.
Which part of the human body is made up of the Duodenum, Jejunum and the Ileum?
a) The Stomach
b) The small intestine
c) The large intestine
d) None of these
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31.
Which among the following states has largest number of districts?

a) Bihar
b) Rajasthan
c) Uttar Pradesh
d) Maharashtra
32.
The Reserve Bank of India was established on

a) Jan-1,1934
b) April-1,1934
c) Jan-1,1935
d) April-1,1935
33.
Alfonso is a famous variety of which among the following fruits?

a) Grape
b) Mango
c) Orange
d) Apple
34.
The Great Bengal famine occurred in which among the following years?
a) 1911
b) 1931
c) 1943
d) 1945
35.
Who wrote Broken Wing?

a) Sarojini Naidu
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
36.
b) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

d) Nirad C. Choudhary
Who is the president of International Olympic Committee?

a) Ehsan Mani
b) Lamine Diack
c) Jacques Rogge
37.
Who has written the book War and Peace?

a) Maxim Gorky
b) Leo Tolstoy
c) Fyodor Dostoevsky
d) Miguel de Cervantes
38.
K-2, the worlds second highest peak is located in which mountain range?
a) Pir Panjal
b) Himalayas
c) Karokoram
d) None of these
39.
CRY stands for

a) Children Rescue Youjana
c) Children Relief and You
b) Child Regulation and Youth

40.
Which amongst the following is the latest country to gain independence?

a) East Timor
b) Botswana
c) Uganda
d) Sudan
41.
What is the capital of Ethiopia?

a) Cairo
c) Addis Ababa
42.
b) Khartoum
d) Congo
Who has played highest number of test matches as a member of the Indian team?
a) Sunil Gavaskar
b) Rahul Dravid
c) Sachin Tendulkar
d) Kapil Dev
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43.
44.
With what sports would you associate Uber Cup?

a) Polo
b) Golf
c) Badminton
d) Chess
Where would you come across Savannah the grasslands?

a) Africa
b) South America
c) North America
d) Asia
45.
Which is the largest mammal in the world?

a) Blue Whale
b) Indian Elephant c) African Elephant d) Giraffe
46.
Who is the present Chief Minister of Maharashtra?

a) Sushil Kr. Shinde
b) Vilasrao Deshmukh
c) Chhagan Bhujbal
d) Narayan Rane
47.
Which country boasts of the famous Leaning Towers?

a) Scotland
b) Germany
c) France
d) Italy
48.
Indias on-sea missile testing site Chandipur, where all AGNI missiles (Irbm) have been
tested, is in which state?
a) Kerala
b) Andhra Pradesh c) Orissa
d) Lakshwadeep
49.
Which Footballer along with Ronaldo holds the record of having been chosen the World
Player of the Year by FIFA three times?
a) Maradona
b) Totti
c) Zidane
d) Cafu
50.
Swimmer Ian Thorpe, who recently announced his retirement, is from which country?
a) US
b) UK
c) New Zealand
d) Australia
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BRM Test - 18
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
How many books are there in Douglas Adamss Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy series?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 7
2.
What is the currency of Argentina?

a) Peso
b) Dollar
3.
4.
c) Dinar
d) Euro
The 2nd Battle of Panipat was fought in the year?

a) 1556
b) 1566
c) 1546
d) 1576
Where is Indian Military Academy?

a) Pune
b) Jabalpur
d) Bareilly
c) Dehradun
5.
Where is the headquarters of the Western Naval Command in India?

a) Goa
b) Mumbai
c) Kochi
d) Kandla
6.
From which country did India acquire MIG-2000?

a) Russia
b) China
c) USA
d) France
What is Vijayanta?
a) Submarine
c) Warship
d) Battle tank
Indias largest aircraft carrier is..............

a) INS Vikrant
b) INS Shakti
c) INS Viraat
d) INS Samridhi
Gautam Buddha was born in..

a) 527 BC
b) 58 BC
c) 261 BC
d) 576 BC
The First Battle of Panipat took place in the year:

a) 1556 AD
b) 1526 AD
c) 1540 AD
d) 1527 AD
When did the Jallianwalan Bagh massacre take place?

a) April 13,1919
b) April 13,1920
c) May 13,1919
d) May 14,1919
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
b) Aircraft
When was the Constitution of India enacted, signed and adopted by the Constituent Assembly?
a) January 26,1950
b) December 11,1946
c) December 9,1949
d) November 26,1949
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13.
When the Constitution of India was passed by the Constituent Assembly, it had how many
schedules?
a) 10 Schedules
b) 8 Schedules
c) 12 Schedules
d) 19 Schedules
14.
When was the Constitution of India first amended after its adoption?
a) 1954
b) 1951
c) 1962
d) 1971
15.
Rupee was minted in the era of which famous ruler?

a) Kanishka
b) Sher Shah Suri c) Ashoka
d) Samudra Gupta
How many bones are there in our body?

a) 208
b) 207
c) 206
d) 406
What is the full form of BIOS?

a) Basic Input Outlook System
c) Byte Input Output Space
b) Basic Input Output System

d) None of these
How many bits called 1 nibble?

a) Four
b) Six
c) Eight
16.
17.
18.
19.
The 1857 revolt broke out during the generalship of

a) Dalhousie
b) Canning
c) Lawrence
d) Two
d) Curzon
20.
What was the immediate cause that precipitated the sepoy mutiny of 1857?
a) The introduction of greased cartridges
b) Dalhousies Doctrine of lapse
c) A wide disparity between the salaries of native sepoys and the British soldiers
d) A bid to convert the Indians to Christianity
21.
The mutiny had many results; the immediate result was that it led to
a) The founding of the Indian National Congress
b) Expansion of the military powers of the English East India company
c) Assumption of direct responsibility for administration of India by the crown
d) All of the above
22.
The first International telephone line in India was between.

a) New York and Mumbai
b) London and Mumbai
c) London and Calcutta
d) London and Delhi
23.
In which year PIN code system started in India?

a) 1972
b) 1969
c) 1975
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24.
Who was the first Muslim ruler of Delhi?

a) Iltutmish
b) Qutbuddin Aibak c) Allauddin Khalji
d) Mahmud of Ghazni
25.
Muhammad bin Tughluq introduced a token currency in lieu of the prevalent silver tanka.
Identify the metal used for making the token currency.
a) Bronze
b) Copper
c) Nickel
d) Brass
26.
Who founded the city of Hyderabad?

a) Muhammad Shah
c) Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah
b) Muhammad Khan
d) Chin Qilich Khan
The National flower of India is............

a) Lotus
b) Rose
c) Lily
d) None of these
When is the Martyrs day celebrated?

a) 2nd October
b) 30th January
c) 22nd March
d) 24th January
The currency of Iceland is called

a) Forint
b) Krona
c) Lira
d) Shilling
27.
28.
29.
30.
The capital of which of the following countries does not begin with the letter A?
a) Greece
b) Ghana
c) Jordan
d) Macedonia
31.
Peso is not the currency of which of the following countries?

a) Bolivia
b) Cuba
c) Dominican Republic
d) Chile
32.
Which state has the maximum forest area?

a) Rajashtan
b) Maharashtra
c) Madhya Pradesh d) Uttar Pradesh
33.
We are in between which of the following Five-Year Plan?

a) Ninth Plan
b) Tenth Plan
c) Eleventh Plan
d) Twelfth Plan
34.
The Rs.5,000 note was reintroduced in India in 1954. Which monument did it depict?
a) India Gate
b) Taj Mahal
c) Gateway of India
d) Qutab Minar
35.
What term is used to describe the practice of registering well-known names as domains on the
Internet, hoping to sell them at high prices to the rightful owners?
a) Cyber Squatting
b) Cyber Selling
c) Domaining
d) Cyber Surfing
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36.
For what purpose was the compass originally developed/invented in China?

a) For Sailors
b) For Feng Shui
c) For locating snakes
d) For measuring temperature
37.
If the MRF bat which Sachin Tendulkar uses is labeled Genius, what is the corresponding
label on Brian Laras bat?
a) Genius
b) Wizard]
c) Masters
d) Excellent
38.
The currency of Denmark is

a) Pound
c) Krone
b) Euro
d) Kwanza
39.
The term econometrics was coined by which co-winner of the first Nobel Prize in economics?
a) Ragnar Frisch
b) Amartya Sen
c) Pareto
d) Adam Smith
40.
First letter of the Greek alphabet is............

a) Beta
b) Gamma
c) Alpha
d) Delta
41.
The Concorde airplane flies faster than Mac 1. Mac 1 is

a) The speed of sound
b) The speed of light
c) The speed of asteroids
d) The speed of electrons
42.
He discovered the red shift, laying the foundation for the Big Bang theory
a) Darwin
b) Hubble
c) Kennedy
d) Aryabhatta
43.
What would you study if you were a speleologist?

a) Speech
b) Caves
c) Insects
d) Mummies
Which is the closest planet to the Sun?

a) Pluto
b) Saturn
d) Mercury
44.
45.
46.
c) Earth
Montgomery is the capital city of which country?

a) Greece
b) The Vatican
c) Alabama
d) Albania
A word spelled by rearranging the letters of another word is called.

a) Anagram
b) Synonym
c) Antonym
d) Metaphor
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47.
Which country in the world has the maximum amount of External Debt due to extraordinarily
high Imports?
a) USA
b) China
c) Canada
d) UK
48.
The new President of International Cricket Council (ICC) is

a) Ali Bacher
b) Percy Sonn
c) Gordon Greenidge
d) Ehsan Mani
49.
In 2006, Italy won the Football World Cup for the

a) Fifth Time
b) Fourth Time
c) Third Time
d) Sixth Time
50.
Milton Friedman, who died recently, is a/an

a) Economist
b) Author
c) Dramatist
d) Poet
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BRM Test - 19
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
The Protected Disclosure Scheme is already in force in the case of..

a) PSU Banks & RBI
b) Private Banks
c) Foreign Banks
d) All the Banks
2.
The first ceremony of the International Olympic Committee was held in 1894. In which city
was it held?
a) New York
b) Athens
c) Paris
d) London
3.
Which of the following Shakespeares plays is not a tragedy?

a) Pericles Prince of Tyre
b) Hamlet
c) Othello
d) Macbeth
4.
After Mandarin (Chinese), what is the most widely spoken first language?
a) English
b) Hindi
c) Spanish
d) French
5.
What commonly eaten vegetable was originally thought to be poisonous?

a) Potato
b) Tomato
c) Brinjal
d) Bitter Gourd
6.
According to the Greek, who holds the World on his shoulders?

a) Atlas
b) Hercules
c) Krishna
d) Sheshnag
7.
Which US president was shot 5 days after the end of the American Civil War?
a) John F. Kennedy b) Abraham Lincoln c) Jimmy Carter
d) Richard Nixon
8.
The book Jurassic Park was written by

a) Michael Crichton b) J.K. Rowling
c) Jonathan Swift
d) Franklin Dickson
The book Gullivers Travels was written by.

a) Michael Crichton b) J.K. Rowling
c) Jonathan Swift
d) Charles Dickens
9.
10.
11.
A Tale of Two Cities was written by

a) Charles Dickens
c) Jane Austen
b) Adam Smith
d) Patricia Cornwell
Around the World in Eighty Days was written by

a) Aldous Huxley
b) Jules Verne
c) Enid Blyton
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d) J.K. Rowling
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12.
The Call of the Wild was written by

a) Jack London
b) Richard H Chase
c) Christopher Watkinson
d) Stephen Hawking
13.
Why is the Chinese City of Golmud famous?

a) Worlds highest railway has been started between Golmud and Tibetan capital Lhasa
b) It has the largest infant mortality rate in China
c) It is the largest Silk producing city in China
d) It is the largest industrial town of China
14.
In which country did chess originate?

a) China
b) England
c) India
Morphology is the study of

a) The shapes of plants and animals
c) The art of combining two pictures
b) The shapes of aeroplanes

d) Handwriting
15.
16.
17.
18.
d) US
Who has won the Davis Cup the maximum number of times?
a) USA
b) Spain
c) Russia
d) Sweden
Which of these is another term for the human trachea?

a) Large Intestine b) Small Intestine c) Kidney
d) Windpipe
A pulmonist works on which internal organ/s?

a) Heart and Lungs b) Liver
c) Kidney
d) Pancreas
19.
If you are standing on the moon and drop both a feather and a rock at the same time from the
same height, which will land first?
a) Rock
b) Feather
c) Both will land together
d) Both will keep floating
20.
During World War II, the Germans were allied with the..
a) British
b) Americans
c) Dutch
d) None of these
21.
Amitabh Bachchan was conferred with an Honorary Doctorate in Arts in 2006 by which
University?
a) Le Corbusier University
b) De Montford University
c) Sheffield University
d) Thomas Cook University
22.
Who was the second President of the United States?

a) John Adams
b) Jimmy Carter
c) Abraham Lincoln d) George Washington
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23.
24.
25.
26.
In what year did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?

a) 1943
b) 1942
c) 1945
d) 1941
Who wrote the American Declaration of Independence?

a) Anderson
b) Washington
c) Lincoln
d) Jefferson
How long is a marathon?

a) 26.3 miles
b) 25 miles
d) 27.5 miles
c) 24.8 miles
Which city is known as the Eternal City?

a) Venice
b) The Vatican
c) Rome
d) Paris
27.
The Dalai Lama and Nelson Mandela have both edited which magazine, at different points of
time?
a) Vogue
b) Time
c) Forbes
d) Business World
28.
Who was the first woman governor of an Indian state?

a) Vijay Laxmi Pandit
b) Amrit Kaur
c) Sarojini Naidu
d) Sucheta Kriplani
29.
Who was the last British Governor General of Hong Kong?

a) Chris Patten
b) Cornwallis
c) Dominic Lazier
d) Wallace
In which year was the first modern Olympics conducted?

a) 1898
b) 1900
c) 1901
d) 1896
In which year did Alfred Nobel die?

a) 1887
b) 1896
d) 1901
30.
31.
32.
c) 1900
Who is the President of the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF)?

a) V Bhaskaran
b) KPS Gill
c) Dhanraj Pillai
d) Pargat Singh
33.
The longest river in the world flows into which sea?

a) Red Sea
b) Caspian Sea
c) Mediterranean sea
d) Arabian Sea
34.
A narrow strip of land with water on both sides connecting two larger landmasses is known as
a) Isthmus
b) Island
c) Isobar
d) Isotherm
35.
How many of the Nobel laureates are of an Indian origin?

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
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36.
37.
Which of the following crops helps in nitrogen fixation?

a) Rice
b) Beans
c) Wheat
d) Bajra
Who was the first Indian Field Marshal?

a) Maneckshaw
b) P. Chauhan
d) R.M. Singh
c) Capt. S. Singh
38.
Who is the President of the International Cricket Council?

a) Ehsaan Mani
b) Jagmohan Dalmiya
c) Malcolm Speed
d) Percy Sonn
39.
Where is the military-oriented Aircraft industry located in India?

a) Nasik
b) Pune
c) Bhusawal
d) Bangalore
40.
Which of the following committees was set up by the government to make recommendation on
the pricing and taxation of the petroleum products?
a) Kelkar Committee
b) Rangarajan Committee
c) Ahluwalia Committee
d) Narsimhan Committee
41.
Among which of the following countries India has recently signed a double tax avoidance
treaty?
a) Indonesia
b) South Africa
c) Mauritius
d) Austria
42.
What is the significance behind the choice of colors for the Olympic rings?
a) The five colors represent the five continents
b) All other colors can be formed using the five colors
c) At least one of the five colors is found in the flag of every nation
d) The choice of color has no significance
43.
Who will be the next Prime Minister and the first woman lead of Jamaica?
a) PS Patterson
b) Portia Simpson Miller
c) Peter Phillips
d) Danville Walker
44.
Who is Karnatakas Chief Minister?

a) N. Dharam Singh
c) H.D. Kumaraswamy
b) B.S. Yediyurappa
d) Anant Kumar
45.
Which of these was ranked as the worlds No.1 English Daily in terms of circulation?
a) Times of India
b) Indian Express c) Hindustan Times d) The Hindu
46.
Dispersion of light in the atmosphere takes place due to?

a) Carbon dioxide b) Water vapor
c) Helium
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47.
President APJ Abdul Kalam created history by becoming the first Indian Head of the state to
sail in a submarine. The name of the submarine is
a) INS Brahmputra
b) INS Tarang
c) INS Jyoti
d) INS Sindhurakshak
48.
Abhinav Bindra became the first Indian to win a Gold medal in World Cup shooting championship.
In which event did he achieve the feat?
a) 10m Rifle
b) Double Trap
c) Air Rifle
d) Single Trap
49.
Who is the new defense secretary of the US?

a) Donald Rumsfeld
b) Robert Gates
c) Condoleeza Rice
d) Jim Rose
50.
Which state government is planning to start evening courts?

a) Karnataka
b) Kerala
c) Gujarat
d) Madhya Pradesh
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BRM Test - 20
Questions: 50
Time : 25 Mins.
1.
In which layer of the atmosphere do weather phenomena take place?

a) Ionosphere
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
2.
Which of the following countries do not lie in Asia?

a) Yemen
b) Oman
c) Macau
d) Burundi
In which state is the Gir forest situated?

a) Gujarat
b) Madhya Pradesh c) Kerala
d) Karnataka
3.
4.
Ankleshwar, a major source of petroleum in India, is situated in which country?

a) Maharashtra
b) Orissa
c) Gujarat
d) Jharkhand
5.
Who was Indias nominee for the post of Secretary-General of the UN?
a) Nirupama Sen
b) Vijay Nambiar
c) Shyam Saran
d) Shashi Tharoor
6.
Who is the president of Venezuela?

a) Hugo Chavez
b) Jorge Rodriquez c) Jose R Zapatero d) Dominique de Villepin
7.
The book The Last Mughal has been written by

a) Dominique Lapiere
b) Vikram Seth
c) William Dalrymple
d) Salman Rushdie
8.
Who has been appointed as Indias new foreign secretary?

a) Vijay Nambiar
b) S Y Qureshi
c) S S Menon
d) Shyam Saran
9.
Who has won the the 39th Jnanpith award for the year 2003?
a) D Jayakanthan
b) Vinda Karandikar
c) R K Shah
d) Indira Goswami
10.
Who is the present World chess champion?

a) Vladimir Kramnik
b) Garry Kasparov
c) Veselin Topalov
d) Vishwanathan Anand
11.
Which cricketer has scored the fastest hundred in test cricket?

a) Kapil Dev
b) Adam Gilchrist
c) Vivian Richards
d) Brian Lara
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12.
Shirin Ebadi is a well known human rights activist and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize 2003.
Which country does she belong to?
a) Iraq
b) Egypt
c) India
d) Iran
13.
How many countries participated in the FIFA World Cup 2006?

a) 30
b) 32
c) 34
d) 36
Where did Gautam Buddha deliver his first sermon?

a) Sarnath
b) Lumbini
c) Gaya
d) Gandhara
14.
15.
The book English August has been written by

a) Upamanyu Chatterjee
b) Vikram Chandra
c) V.S. Naipaul
d) Vikram Seth
16.
Who is the Chief Minister of Jharkhand?

a) Arjun Munda
b) Babulal Marandi c) Shibu Soren
d) Madhu Koda
17.
Who is the Prime Minister of Japan? ( He is also the youngest PM of Japan)

a) Junichiro Koizumi
b) Shinzo Abe
c) Yoshiro Mori
d) Obuchi Keizo
18.
Who has the Nobel Peace Prize for the year 2006?
a) Grameen Bank
b) Muhammad Yunus
c) Both (a) & (b)
19.
Who has won the Nobel Prize for Literature for 2006?
a) Orhan Pamuk
b) Harold Pinter
c) John Banville
d) Kiran Desai
20.
Who has won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for 2006?
a) Roger D Kornberg
b) Robert Grubbs
c) Richard Schrock
d) Yves Chauvin
21.
Which cine personality has won the Gandhi International Peace Prize for 2006?
a) Deepa Mehta
b) Meera Nair
c) Shabana Azmi
d) Kiron Kher
22.
Who has won the Nobel Prize for Economics for 2006?
a) Robert J Aumann
b) Thomas C Schelling
c) Robert A Mundell
d) Edmund S Phelps
23.
What is the new name of Bangalore?

a) Bangalurina
b) Bengaluru
220
c) Bingalina
d) It has not changed
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Temple of Learning
24.
25.
What is the new name of Mysore?

a) Mysori
b) Musuru
c) Mysuru
Which country won the 2006 mens hockey World cup?

a) Netherlands
b) Germany
c) New Zealand
d) It is not changed
d) Australia
26.
Who amongst the following was the first space tourist?

a) Dennis Tito
b) Mark Shuttleworth
c) Gregory Olsen
d) Charles Simonyi
27.
Who is the first woman to travel to space?

a) Valentina Tereshkova
b) Anousheh Ansari
c) Yashin Debabi
d) Yuri Shargin
28.
Davos, the permanent venue for the World Economic Forum is in which country?
a) Germany
b) Norway
c) Sweden
d) Switzerland
29.
When is the World AIDS day observed?

a) 1st September
b) 1st October
30.
c) 1st November
The Inheritance of Loss has been written by.

a) Anita Desai
b) Kiran Desai
c) Vikram Seth
d) 1st December
d) Vikram Chandra
31.
Who is the present Formula One (F1) champion?

a) Michael Schumacher
b) Rubens Barrichelo
c) Fernando Alonso
d) Jenson Button
32.
Narain Karthikeyan is the test driver for which F1 team?

a) Jordan
b) Ferrari
c) Williams
d) Red Bull
33.
Who has been chosen as the ICC Player of the Year for 2006?
a) Mathew Hayden
b) Adam Gilchrist
c) Shane Warne
d) Ricky Pointing
34.
Who has been chosen as the ICC Emerging Player of the Year for 2006?
a) Kevin Pietersen
b) Ian Bell
c) M.S. Dhoni
d) Stuart Clarke
35.
Which award did Jhumpa Lahiri win for her book The Interpreter of Maladies?
a) The Booker Prize
b) The Nobel Prize for Literature
c) The Sahitya Akademi Award
d) The Pulitzer Prize
221
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Temple of Learning
36.
Where is the headquarters of the Western Naval Command in India?

a) Pune
b) Mumbai
c) Secundrabad
d) Ahmedabad
37.
What is the full form of MICR?

a) Monitor Input Resource Copy
c) Magnetic Ink character Record
b) Magnetic Ink computer Recognition

d) Magnetic Ink character Recognition
38.
When there is one buyer and many sellers in a market - what is this situation called?
a) Monopoly
b) Monopsony
c) Monotony
d) Oligopoly
39.
Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is named after the Roman god of..
a) Peace
b) War
c) Love
d) Marriages
40.
Who is the famous author of the book What They Dont Teach You at Harvard Business
School?
a) Stephen R Covey
b) Mack McCormak
c) John Love
41.
What is the disease tetanus otherwise known as?

a) Lock Jaw
b) Sea Jaw
c) Freeze Jaw
d) Ice Jaw
42.
In the human body, the exocrine glands are considered as a part of which system?
a) Excretory System
b) Respiratory System
c) Nervous System
d) Digestive System
43.
The Italian soccer club that is owned by the automobile company FIAT AUTO, is.
a) A C Milan
b) Inter Milan
c) Juventus
d) Lazio
44.
Which country has the oldest National flag in the world?

a) Sweden
b) Denmark
c) USA
d) UK
45.
Indias first National flag was designed by

a) Le Corbusier
b) Madame Bikaji Cama
c) Rabindra Nath Tagore
d) Netaji Subash Chandra Bose
46.
Which fish has a prehensile tail?

a) Rohu
b) Shark
47.
c) Sea Horse
Who wrote the thriller The Day of the Jackal?

a) John Grisham
b) Tom Clancy
c) Ken Follette
222
d) Whale
d) Frederick Forsyth
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Temple of Learning
48.
In reference to American military servicemen, what do the initials G.I. stand for?
a) Generals Intense
b) Government Issue
c) Governments Intense
d) General Issue
49.
Which is the world third largest religion?

a) Islam
c) Christianity
50.
b) Judaism
d) Hinduism
Who did the Germans defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914?

a) The French
b) The Italian
c) The Russian
d) The British
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Temple of Learning
BRM Test - 1
1. (b)
2. (c)
11.(a)
12.(a)
21.(b)
22.(c)
31.(a)
32.(c)
41.(c)
42.(c)
3. (d)
13.(b)
23.(b)
33.(b)
43.(a)
4. (b)
14.(d)
24.(d)
34.(b)
44.(a)
5. (a)
15.(b)
25.(c)
35.(b)
45.(b)
6. (c)
16.(a)
26.(c)
36.(a)
46.(b)
7. (b)
17.(d)
27.(b)
37.(b)
47.(b)
8. (a)
18.(a)
28.(b)
38.(b)
48.(d)
9. (c)
19.(c)
29.(a)
39.(b)
49.(a)
10.(d)
20.(b)
30.(d)
40.(c)
50.(c)
BRM Test - 2
1. (c)
2. (b)
11.(d)
12.(b)
21.(b)
22.(d)
31.(d)
32.(b)
41.(c)
42.(c)
3. (b)
13.(a)
23.(b)
33.(c)
43.(d)
4. (a)
14.(a)
24.(a)
34.(b)
44.(b)
5. (c)
15.(b)
25.(a)
35.(b)
45.(c)
6. (b)
16.(d)
26.(d)
36.(c)
46.(b)
7. (c)
17.(c)
27.(c)
37.(b)
47.(b)
8. (d)
18.(a)
28.(d)
38.(b)
48.(c)
9. (b)
19.(d)
29.(a)
39.(d)
49.(a)
10.(c)
20.(b)
30.(b)
40.(b)
50.(b)
BRM Test - 3
1. (c)
2. (a)
11.(d)
12.(c)
21.(a)
22.(b)
31.(c)
32.(a)
41.(c)
42.(b)
3. (b)
13.(b)
23.(a)
33.(a)
43.(d)
4. (c)
14.(d)
24.(a)
34.(c)
44.(c)
5. (c)
15.(a)
25.(b)
35.(b)
45.(a)
6. (b)
16.(a)
26.(a)
36.(c)
46.(b)
7. (c)
17.(b)
27.(c)
37.(b)
47.(d)
8. (b)
18.(c)
28.(a)
38.(c)
48.(d)
9. (c)
19.(c)
29.(a)
39.(d)
49.(c)
10.(b)
20.(a)
30.(b)
40.(a)
50.(b)
BRM Test - 4
1. (c)
2. (a)
11.(d)
12.(a)
21.(b)
22.(a)
31.(a)
32.(d)
41.(b)
42.(a)
3. (a)
13.(a)
23.(d)
33.(a)
43.(d)
4. (c)
14.(c)
24.(d)
34.(c)
44.(c)
5. (d)
15.(a)
25.(b)
35.(b)
45.(b)
6. (d)
16.(c)
26.(a)
36.(b)
46.(d)
7. (a)
17.(b)
27.(b)
37.(c)
47.(a)
8. (c)
18.(a)
28.(c)
38.(b)
48.(c)
9. (b)
19.(d)
29.(a)
39.(b)
49.(a)
10.(a)
20.(b)
30.(a)
40.(a)
50.(d)
BRM Test - 5
1. (a)
2. (b)
11.(c)
12.(a)
21.(c)
22.(d)
31.(c)
32.(d)
41.(b)
42.(b)
3. (b)
13.(a)
23.(a)
33.(b)
43.(b)
4. (a)
14.(c)
24.(c)
34.(a)
44.(a)
5. (c)
15.(b)
25.(a)
35.(b)
45.(c)
6. (d)
16.(b)
26.(b)
36.(c)
46.(d)
7. (a)
17.(d)
27.(c)
37.(c)
47.(c)
8. (b)
18.(c)
28.(a)
38.(b)
48.(a)
9. (d)
19.(c)
29.(b)
39.(d)
49.(b)
10.(b)
20.(a)
30.(b)
40.(c)
50.(c)
BRM Test - 6
1. (b)
2. (c)
11.(d)
12.(b)
21.(c)
22.(d)
31.(d)
32.(b)
41.(a)
42.(b)
3. (b)
13.(b)
23.(c)
33.(d)
43.(c)
4. (d)
14.(d)
24.(d)
34.(c)
44.(a)
5. (b)
15.(a)
25.(a)
35.(c)
45.(d)
6. (b)
16.(c)
26.(c)
36.(c)
46.(a)
7. (b)
17.(b)
27.(c)
37.(a)
47.(c)
8. (b)
18.(d)
28.(c)
38.(a)
48.(a)
9. (a)
19.(c)
29.(c)
39.(b)
49.(c)
10.(a)
20.(c)
30.(b)
40.(b)
50.(b)
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Temple of Learning
BRM Test - 7
1. (a)
2. (c)
11.(a)
12.(a)
21.(c)
22.(d)
31.(b)
32.(c)
41.(a)
42.(b)
3. (d)
13.(d)
23.(b)
33.(c)
43.(d)
4. (d)
14.(c)
24.(a)
34.(c)
44.(c)
5. (c)
15.(a)
25.(d)
35.(a)
45.(a)
6. (b)
16.(a)
26.(c)
36.(d)
46.(d)
7. (b)
17.(d)
27.(b)
37.(c)
47.(a)
8. (c)
18.(d)
28.(c)
38.(b)
48.(c)
9. (a)
19.(c)
29.(a)
39.(a)
49.(d)
10.(b)
20.(b)
30.(a)
40.(d)
50.(b)
BRM Test - 8
1. (c)
2. (b)
11.(c)
12.(c)
21.(a)
22.(b)
31.(c)
32.(b)
41.(d)
42.(a)
3. (c)
13.(c)
23.(b)
33.(d)
43.(d)
4. (c)
14.(c)
24.(b)
34.(a)
44.(d)
5. (a)
15.(d)
25.(c)
35.(c)
45.(b)
6. (d)
16.(c)
26.(a)
36.(c)
46.(c)
7. (d)
17.(a)
27.(a)
37.(b)
47.(d)
8. (b)
18.(d)
28.(a)
38.(d)
48.(c)
9. (d)
19.(a)
29.(a)
39.(d)
49.(c)
10.(a)
20.(a)
30.(d)
40.(a)
50.(a)
BRM Test - 9
1. (c)
2. (b)
11.(a)
12.(c)
21.(c)
22.(d)
31.(a)
32.(a)
41.(c)
42.(b)
3. (d)
13.(a)
23.(b)
33.(d)
43.(c)
4. (c)
14.(a)
24.(b)
34.(c)
44.(b)
5. (c)
15.(c)
25.(b)
35.(a)
45.(a)
6. (d)
16.(a)
26.(a)
36.(b)
46.(a)
7. (c)
17.(a)
27.(d)
37.(a)
47.(b)
8. (b)
18.(c)
28.(a)
38.(a)
48.(d)
9. (d)
19.(b)
29.(c)
39.(a)
49.(b)
10.(c)
20.(d)
30.(c)
40.(d)
50.(d)
BRM Test - 10
1. (d)
2. (a)
11.(c)
12.(a)
21.(b)
22.(d)
31.(a)
32.(d)
41.(b)
42.(b)
3. (d)
13.(b)
23.(d)
33.(b)
43.(c)
4. (c)
14.(a)
24.(c)
34.(c)
44.(a)
5. (b)
15.(c)
25.(c)
35.(a)
45.(d)
6. (d)
16.(a)
26.(d)
36.(a)
46.(c)
7. (b)
17.(c)
27.(b)
37.(b)
47.(a)
8. (a)
18.(c)
28.(c)
38.(d)
48.(c)
9. (b)
19.(d)
29.(b)
39.(d)
49.(b)
10.(c)
20.(a)
30.(a)
40.(k)
50.(d)
BRM Test - 11
1. (a)
2. (d)
11.(a)
12.(c)
21.(a)
22.(b)
31.(c)
32.(c)
41.(d)
42.(b)
3. (d)
13.(d)
23.(d)
33.(c)
43.(b)
4. (c)
14.(d)
24.(a)
34.(a)
44.(d)
5. (a)
15.(c)
25.(c)
35.(b)
45.(b)
6. (a)
16.(a)
26.(c)
36.(a)
46.(a)
7. (b)
17.(b)
27.(a)
37.(b)
47.(a)
8. (a)
18.(d)
28.(a)
38.(a)
48.(c)
9. (c)
19.(a)
29.(c)
39.(d)
49.(b)
10.(b)
20.(c)
30.(a)
40.(b)
50.(c)
BRM Test - 12
1. (b)
2. (d)
11.(c)
12.(b)
21.(b)
22.(c)
31.(b)
32.(d)
41.(d)
42.(a)
3. (d)
13.(c)
23.(b)
33.(d)
43.(c)
4. (b)
14.(b)
24.(c)
34.(b)
44.(b)
5. (c)
15.(c)
25.(d)
35.(b)
45.(b)
6. (a)
16.(a)
26.(b)
36.(c)
46.(b)
7. (c)
17.(a)
27.(b)
37.(a)
47.(c)
8. (d)
18.(c)
28.(b)
38.(b)
48.(d)
9. (c)
19.(a)
29.(c)
39.(a)
49.(a)
10.(b)
20.(c)
30.(c)
40.(c)
50.(d)
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Temple of Learning
BRM Test - 13
1. (c)
2. (a)
11.(b)
12.(c)
21.(b)
22.(b)
31.(a)
32.(c)
41.(a)
42.(c)
3. (a)
13.(d)
23.(d)
33.(a)
43.(a)
4. (b)
14.(b)
24.(a)
34.(a)
44.(c)
5. (b)
15.(b)
25.(a)
35.(c)
45.(b)
6. (c)
16.(c)
26.(b)
36.(c)
46.(c)
7. (d)
17.(a)
27.(b)
37.(c)
47.(a)
8. (b)
18.(b)
28.(d)
38.(d)
48.(a)
9. (a)
19.(a)
29.(b)
39.(a)
49.(b)
10.(c)
20.(a)
30.(d)
40.(d)
50.(c)
BRM Test - 14
1. (d)
2. (a)
11.(c)
12.(c)
21.(b)
22.(d)
31.(c)
32.(d)
41.(c)
42.(c)
3. (d)
13.(a)
23.(a)
33.(d)
43.(a)
4. (c)
14.(a)
24.(b)
34.(b)
44.(a)
5. (a)
15.(a)
25.(d)
35.(d)
45.(b)
6. (d)
16.(d)
26.(b)
36.(c)
46.(c)
7. (a)
17.(a)
27.(a)
37.(d)
47.(a)
8. (d)
18.(d)
28.(a)
38.(c)
48.(c)
9. (c)
19.(b)
29.(d)
39.(c)
49.(a)
10.(c)
20.(a)
30.(a)
40.(d)
50.(d)
BRM Test - 15
1. (d)
2. (a)
11.(b)
12.(d)
21.(b)
22.(a)
31.(c)
32.(b)
41.(d)
42.(b)
3. (a)
13.(c)
23.(b)
33.(d)
43.(a)
4. (b)
14.(a)
24.(a)
34.(b)
44.(b)
5. (c)
15.(b)
25.(c)
35.(a)
45.(a)
6. (b)
16.(b)
26.(d)
36.(c)
46.(c)
7. (b)
17.(b)
27.(c)
37.(c)
47.(d)
8. (c)
18.(a)
28.(b)
38.(a)
48.(c)
9. (b)
19.(c)
29.(b)
39.(c)
49.(b)
10.(b)
20.(c)
30.(a)
40.(c)
50.(a)
BRM Test - 16
1. (a)
2. (a)
11.(d)
12.(c)
21.(d)
22.(c)
31.(b)
32.(c)
41.(c)
42.(a)
3. (a)
13.(b)
23.(a)
33.(a)
43.(a)
4. (b)
14.(d)
24.(c)
34.(d)
44.(c)
5. (c)
15.(a)
25.(b)
35.(b)
45.(d)
6. (a)
16.(b)
26.(d)
36.(c)
46.(c)
7. (a)
17.(a)
27.(d)
37.(b)
47.(a)
8. (c)
18.(d)
28.(c)
38.(d)
48.(b)
9. (d)
19.(d)
29.(b)
39.(b)
49.(c)
10.(a)
20.(b)
30.(a)
40.(c)
50.(a)
BRM Test - 17
1. (b)
2. (a)
11.(d)
12.(d)
21.(b)
22.(b)
31.(c)
32.(d)
41.(c)
42.(c)
3. (a)
13.(a)
23.(a)
33.(b)
43.(c)
4. (b)
14.(b)
24.(b)
34.(d)
44.(a)
5. (b)
15.(d)
25.(c)
35.(a)
45.(a)
6. (c)
16.(d)
26.(c)
36.(c)
46.(b)
7. (d)
17.(c)
27.(b)
37.(b)
47.(c)
8. (b)
18.(a)
28.(a)
38.(c)
48.(c)
9. (b)
19.(a)
29.(a)
39.(c)
49.(c)
10.(c)
20.(d)
30.(b)
40.(a)
50.(d)
BRM Test - 18
1. (c)
2. (a)
11.(a)
12.(a)
21.(c)
22.(b)
31.(a)
32.(c)
41.(a)
42.(b)
3. (a)
13.(b)
23.(a)
33.(c)
43.(b)
4. (c)
14.(b)
24.(b)
34.(c)
44.(d)
5. (b)
15.(b)
25.(a)
35.(a)
45.(c)
6. (a)
16.(c)
26.(c)
36.(b)
46.(a)
7. (d)
17.(b)
27.(a)
37.(b)
47.(a)
8. (c)
18.(a)
28.(b)
38.(c)
48.(b)
9. (a)
19.(b)
29.(b)
39.(a)
49.(b)
10.(b)
20.(a)
30.(d)
40.(c)
50.(a)
226
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Temple of Learning
BRM Test - 19
1. (d)
2. (c)
11.(b)
12.(a)
21.(b)
22.(a)
31.(b)
32.(b)
41.(c)
42.(a)
3. (a)
13.(a)
23.(d)
33.(c)
43.(b)
4. (a)
14.(c)
24.(b)
34.(a)
44.(c)
5. (b)
15.(c)
25.(a)
35.(d)
45.(a)
6. (a)
16.(a)
26.(c)
36.(b)
46.(b)
7. (b)
17.(d)
27.(a)
37.(a)
47.(d)
8. (a)
18.(a)
28.(c)
38.(d)
48.(a)
9. (c)
19.(c)
29.(a)
39.(d)
49.(b)
10.(a)
20.(d)
30.(d)
40.(b)
50.(c)
BRM Test - 20
1. (b)
2. (d)
11.(c)
12.(d)
21.(c)
22.(d)
31.(c)
32.(c)
41.(a)
42.(d)
3. (a)
13.(b)
23.(b)
33.(d)
43.(c)
4. (c)
14.(a)
24.(c)
34.(b)
44.(b)
5. (d)
15.(a)
25.(b)
35.(d)
45.(b)
6. (a)
16.(d)
26.(a)
36.(b)
46.(c)
7. (c)
17.(b)
27.(a)
37.(d)
47.(d)
8. (c)
18.(c)
28.(d)
38.(b)
48.(d)
9. (b)
19.(a)
29.(d)
39.(b)
49.(c)
10.(a)
20.(a)
30.(b)
40.(b)
50.(c)
227
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Annexure
The Constitutional Amendment Acts (1951 - 2002)

Number of
Co nstit utio nal
Am e n dm e n t
Ye ar
First
19 51
15, 19, 85, 87, 174,

341, 342, 372, 376;
Articles 31A, 31B and Ninth
Schedule Added
Second
Third
19 53
19 54
81
7th Schedule
Fourth
19 55
31,31A, 305 and

Ninth Schedule
Fifth
19 55
Art.3
Sixth
19 56
Seventh
19 56
269, 286, 7th Schedule

List I and List II
49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158,
168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220,
222, 224, 230, 231, 232, 239,
240, 253, 298, 371. Articles
added are: 290A, 350A, 350B,
372A, 378A, Article deleted
are: 238, 242, 243, 259, 278,
306, 279-80. The Second,
Fourth, Seventh Schedules
were also affected.
Eighth
19 60
330, 332, 333, 334
Ninth
19 60
First Schedule
Te nt h
Eleventh
19 61
19 61
240, The First Schedule

66(1), 71(4)
Twelth
T hirteenth
Fourteenth
19 62
19 62
19 62
Art.240, First Schedule

Art. 371A was added
239A; 240(1), First and Fourth
Schedules
Fifteenth
19 63
124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 224A,

226, 297, 311, 316,
Seventh Schedule
Sixteenth
19 63
19, 84, 174, Second Schedule
228
Affected Articles
Amended Subject
1 . Right to equality, Right to liberty and Right to property

were restriced in public interest.
2. The Land reform Acts were put into Ninth Schedule to
make them out of jurisdiction of the Courts.
3 . The Sessions of Legislatures, appointment of Judges
and provision relating to reservation of seats were
also affected.
Representation of States in the Parliament.
The Subject of raw cotton, food production, animal
husbandry etc. were shifted to the Concurrent List.
The Compensation given in lisu of acquisition of property
may be specified and the amount of compensation is to be
beyond the jurisdiction of the Courts.
The President was given power to specify time within
which the States shall express their opinion with respect
to a proposed legislation affection the boundaries and
name of the States.
The Parliament was given the power to tax the goods
involved in the inter-State trades.
1. State reorganization in 14 States and 6
Union Territories.
2. Reallocation of Seats in the House of the
People, the Council of States and the State
Legislatures.
3. Provision for the appointement of acting and
additional Judges andjurisdiction of High
Courts.
4. Provisions for Union Territories.
5. Special provisions for the States of Andhra
Pradesh, Punjab and Bombay.
The Reservation of seats in Legislatures in favour of SC/
ST and the Anglo-Indian Community extended upto 1970.
Provisions regarding transfer to Berubari Union areas to
Pakistan.
Dadra & Nagar Haveli admitted to the Union of India.
Provisions relating to the Electoral College for the election
of the President and the Vice-President.
Goa. Daman and Diu admitted to the Union of India.
Nagaland was given the Status of a State and special
provisions were made for the State of Nagaland.
Pondicherry was admitted in the Union of India as a Union
Territory and provisions were made for the constitution
of the Legislative Assembly and the Council of Ministers
in that UT.
1. The retirement age of the Judges of the High Courts
was raised to 62 years from 60 years.
2. Provision for the re-employment of the retired Judge
of the High Courts.
3. Extension to the jurisdiction of the High Courts.
The States were given the power to restrict the Right to
Liberty.
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Seventeenth
19 64
31A, Ninte Schedule
Eighteenth
Nineteenth
19 66
19 66
Art.3
Art.3 24
Twentiet h
Twenty-first
Twenty-second
19 66
19 67
19 69
Twenty-third
19 70
Art. 233A added.

Eighth Schedule
Articles 244A and 371B.
Added.
331, 332, 333, 334
Twenty-fourth
19 71
Art. 13, 368
Twenty fifth
19 71
Twenty-sixth
19 71
Twenty-se venth
19 71
Twenty-eighth
19 72
Twenty-ninth
19 72
Art. 31. Art 31C were

added
Art. 312A added and Article
314 was deleted.
Articles 239B and 371C were
added.
Art. 312A added and Art. 314
deleted.
Ninth Schedule
Thirtieth
19 72
Art. 133
Thirty-first
19 73
Articles 81, 330, and 332
Thir ty-second
19 73
Thirty-third
19 74
Article 371 affecred and

Articles 371D and 371E added
Articles 101, 190
19 74
Ninth Schedule
Art. 80 affected, Art. 371F
added, The Tenth Schedule
added
Art. 80 affected, Art. 371F
added, The Tenth Schedule
deleted.
Art. 239 A and 240
Thirty-fourth
T hirty-fifth
19 74
Thirty-sixth
19 74
T hirty-seventh
19 75
Thirty-eighth
19 75
Art. 123, 123, 213, 239B, 352,

356, 360
T hirty-ninth
19 75
Fortieth
19 76
For ty-first
19 76
Art. 71, 329affected and Art.

391A added, Schedule X
repealed.
Art. 31B, 297 and IXth
Schedule
affected
Art. 316(2)
Forty-second
19 76
(Called mini
Constitution)
The Preamble, Art. 31, 31C,

39, 55,
74, 77, 81, 82, 83; 100, 102,
103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166,
170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194,
208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228,
311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356,
357, 358, 359, 366, 368, 371F,
and Schedule VII. Art. 31D,
32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, Part IVA
The State redefined, provisions regardings the Judicial

Review.
The State redefined.
Election Tribunals abolished, the provisions relating to
electoral disputes.
Provisions regarding appointement to District Judges.
Sindhi language was added in the Eighth Schedule.
Establishment of the Union Territory of Meghalaya and
special provision with respect to the State of Assam.
The reservation in Legislatures in favour of SCs/STs and
Anglo-Indian Community was extended upto 1980.
The Parliament was given power to amend any part of
the Constitution including the Fundamental Rights.
The Fudamental Rights were subordinated to the Directive
Principles as given in the Art.39.
The privy purse and other priveleges of the princess were
abolished.
Reorganisation of North-Eastern States.
Privileges availed by the member of I.C.S. abolished.
The Land Reform Acts passed by the Legislature of the
State of Kerala, put into the Ninth Schedule.
The limit of Rs.20,000 for making an appeal to the
Supreme Court in civil matters abolished.
The membership of the House of the People increased to
545 members from 525 members.
Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra
Pradesh.
Provision was made to the effect that the acceptance of
resignation of Member of Parliament by the presiding
officer is not mandatory.
The Ninth Schedule extended.
Sikkim was admitted as on associate State of the Union of
India.
Sikkim was given the status of a full State.
Provision for the constitution of the Legistative Assembly

and the Council of Ministers in Arunachal Pradesh.
The ordinance issued by thr President, the Governor and
the Lt, Governor made to be out of jurisdiction of the
Courts.
The elelctions of the President, the Vice-President, the
Prime Minister and the Speaker of Lok Sabha cannot be
challenged in the Courts.
New laws included in Schedule IX.Parliament was given
power wirh respect to the territorial waters of India.
The retirement age of the members of the State Public
Service Commission and the Joint Public Service
Commission raised to 62 years from 60 years.
1 . The words Secular, Socialist and Integrity added
in the Preamble.
2 . The validity of the Constitutional Amendment can
not be questioned in any Court-368(4).
3 . Extension of the Directive Principles of State
Policy.
4 . Primacy given to the Directive Principles of state
Policy over the Fundamental Rights.
5 . The Fundamental Duties added.
6 . Restriction on the Fundamental Rights widened.
229
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(Art. 51A) 131A, 139A,
144A, 226A, 228A, 257A,
Part XIVA, 323A and 423A
added.
Forty-third
19 78
Art, 145, 226, 228, 366

affected and 31d, 32A, 131A,
144A, 226A, 228A repealed.
Forty-fourth
19 78
Art. 19, 20, 30, 31A, 38, 74,

77, 83, 105, 123, 132, 133,
134, 139A. 150, 166, 172, 194,
213, 217, 226, 227, 239A,
327, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360,
371F, and Ninth Schedule
affected. Art. 19(i) (f), 31,
257A, 329 repealed. Art.
134A, 330A, Chapter IV of
PartXII and 361A added.
230
7 . The power of Judicial Review of the Courts was

restricted.
8 . The duration of the House of the People and the
Legislative Assemblies of the State extended to 6
years during the National Emergency.
9 . Provisions were made for the participation of the
workers in the Management of industries.
10 . Provisions for the protection of environment, forests
and wildlife.
11 . Provisions for the protection of the children and the
youth against exploitation.
12 . The delimitation of the constituencies of the House
of the People and the Legislative Assemblies of the
States shall be on the basis of the population of 1971
till the year 2001.
13 . No quorum shall be required for conducting the meeting
of the House of the People and the Legislative
Assemblies of the States.
14 . The right of the Supreme Court to examine the validity
of the laws of the State under Article 32A abolished.
15 . The Jury System was given importance in the
functioning of the Courts.
16 . The President shall be bound by the advice of the
Council of Mininsters.
17 . The Central Government was given the power to send
Central Forces in any State and the control of such
forces shall rest with the Central Govenment.
18 . Emergency Provisions: (a) National Emergency may
be proclaimed in a part of the Territory of India; (b)
The one time duration of the President rule in a State
under the Art.
19 . Some subjects - Protection of the forest and the wildlife,
education, weight and measures, population control
and judicial administration shifted to the Concurrent
List.
20 . Provisions for the establishment of the Administrative
Tribunals for public servents.
1 . Protection of the rights and powers of the judiciary.
Judical Review revived.
2 . The provision relating to the power of the Parliament
to declare an organization as AntiNational was
replealed.
1. The Fundamental Right to Property was abolished
2 . The term of the Lok Sabha and the Legislative
Assemblies of the States reduced to 5 years
3 . The disputes relating to the qualifications of the
members of the parliament and the State Legislature
shall be decided by the President and the Governors
respectively.
4 . The provisions regarding quorum in the Legislatures
was charged to as these were before 42nd Amendment.
5 . It was provided that dispites relating to the election
of the President and the Vice President shall be decided
by the Supreme Court and that of the election of the
members of the Parliment ant the State Legislature
shall be decided by the State Legislature shall be decided
by the High Courts.
6 . The National Emergency shall not be proclaimed
except on the written recommendation of the Cabinet.
7 . The Right to Life and personal liberty and the liberty
of the press were restored.
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Forty-fifth
19 80
Art. 330, 332, 333 and 334

affected.
Forty-sixth
19 82
Forty-seventh
19 84
Art. 269, 286 and Schedule VII

affected.
Ninth Schedule affected
Forty-eighth
19 84
Art.3 56
Forty-ninth
19 84
Art. 244, Schedules V and VI

affected
Fiftieth
19 84
Art. 33
Fifty-first
19 84
Art. 330 and 332
Fifty-second
19 85
Fifty-third
Fifty-fourth
19 86
19 86
Art. 101, 102, 190, 191

affected & Schedule x added.
Schedule I
Schedule II
Fifty-fifth
19 86
Schedule I
Fifty-sixth
Fifty-Seventh
19 87
19 87
Schedule I
Part XXII and Art. 332 affected
Fifty-eighth
19 87
Art. 394A added.
Fifty-ninth
19 88
Art. 356, 352, 21, and 358

affected and Art. 359A added
Sixtieth
19 88
Art. 276
Sixty-First
19 88
Art. 326
Sixty-second
19 89
Art. 334
Sixty-third
19 89
Sixty-fourth
19 90
Art. 356 affected and

359A repealed
Art. 356
Sixty-fifth
19 90
Art. 338
Sixty-sixth
19 90
Schedule IX
Sixty-seventh
19 90
Art 356(4)
Sixty-eight
19 91
Art. 256(4)
Sixty-ninth
19 91
Art. 239A A and 239AB added
Art.
The reservation of the seats in the Legislatures in favour

for for SCs/STs and the Anglo-Indian Community was
extended further for 10 years.
The Sales tax imposed by the States was restructured.
Fourteen new laws relating to the land reforms were
included in the Ninth Schedule.
The Presidents Rule imposed in Punjab was extended
upto two years.
The Parliament and the Legislature of the State of Tripura
shall have power to make laws with respect to the Tribal
Areas of Tripura.
The Parliament was given the power to restrict by law
the Fundamental Rights with respect to the members of
the Armed Forces.
Provisions were made for the reservation of the Scheduled
Caste and the Schedule Tribes of the North-Eastern States
in the Lok Sabha and the Legislative Assemblies of those
States except the seats in the autonomous areas of Assam.
Provisions relating to the anti-defection law were added
in the Constitution.
Mizoram was included as the 23rd State of the India Union.
The salary and emoluments of the Judges of the Supreme
Court and the High Courts enhanced.
Arunachal Pradesh was included as the 24th State of the
Union of India.
Goa was included in the Union of India as the 25th State.
The reservation for SCs/STs of Mizoram, Nagaland,
Maghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh in the Lok Sabha and
the State Assemblies made more effective.
Provisions for the authoritative text of the Constitution
in the Hindi Language.
1 . The duration of the Presidents Rule in Punjab
extended upto three years.
2 . Provisions that the National Emergency can be
declared in the State of Punjab on the grounds of
internal disturbance.
3 . The right to life and personal liberty can be suspended
during the Emergency only in the State of Punjab.
The maximum amount of taxes on profession levied by a
local authority was extended from Rs.250 to Rs.2500.
The minimum age limit prescribed to get the voting right
was reduced to 18 years from 21 years.
The reservation for SCs/STs and the Anglo Indian
Community in the Lok Sabha and the Legislative
Assemblies of the States was extended for another ten
years.
The right to life and personal liberty shall not be suspended
in Punjab during Emergency.
The duration of the Presidents Rule in Punjab (imposed
on May 11, 1987) was extended to another six months.
The National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and
the Schedule Tribes was given a Constitutional Status.
Fifty-five laws related to land reforms, enacted by the
States were included in the Ninth Schedule.
The duration of the Presidents rule in Punjab was extended
upto four years from the date of enforcement, i.e., May
11, 1987.
The duration of the Presidents rule in Punjab was extended
upto five years.
The Union Territory of Delhi was named as the National
Capital Territory of Delhi. It also provided for a 70-
231
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Seventieth
19 92
Art 54
Seventy-first
19 92
Schedule VIII
Seventy-second
19 92
Art.3 32
Seventy-third
19 92
Seventy-fourth
19 92
Seventy-fifth
19 94
Art. 243 revived and Schedule

XI added
Art. 243 revived and Schedule
XII added
Art. 323
Seventy-sixth
19 94
Schedule IX
Seventy-seventh
19 95
Art. 16(4A)
Seventy-eighth
19 95
Schedule IX
Seventy-ninth
19 99
Article 334
Eightieth
20 00
Article 268, 269, 270, 272
Eighty-first
20 00
Article 16
Eighty-second
20 00
Article 335
Eighty-third
20 00
Article 243M
Eighty-fourth
20 00
Eighty-fifth
20 02
Article 1, 2, and First and

Fourth Schedule
Article 16(4A)
Eighty-sixth
20 02
Article 21(A), 45 & 51A
Eighty-seventh
20 03
Article 81, 82, 170, 332
Eighty-eighth
20 03
Article 268A, 270, Seventh

Schedule
232
member State Assembly for Delhi.

The members of the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and
Pondicherry were given the right to participation in the
election of the President.
Nepali, Konkani and Manipuri languages included in the
Eighth Schedule.
It provided for provisionally deciding the number of seats
reserved in the legislative Assembly of Tripura in favour
of the Scheduled Tribes.
Provisions relating to the Constitution, elections, finance
and functions of the Panchayati Raj bodies.
Provisions relating to the Constitution, election, finance
and functions of the Municipalities.
Provisions for the establishment of a special Administrative
Tribunals for the speedy disposal of the disputes between
the householders and the tenants.
The laws relating to reservation enacted by the Tamil
Nadu Assembly included in the Ninth Schedule.
Provisions made for the reservation for SCs/STs in the
promotions in public services.
Some land reform acts of different States included in the
Ninth Schedule.
The reservation of the seats for the Scheduled Castes and
the Scheduled Tribes as well as for the Anglo Indians in the
House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of
the States extended for another ten years.
Based on the recommendations of the Tenth Finance
Commission, alternative scheme for sharing the taxes
between the Union and the States.
The unfilled vacancies of a year which were reserved for
the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes for being
filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for
the reservation made under Article 16 of the Constitution
shall be considered a special class of vacancies to be filled
up in any succeeding year of years.
The amendment provides that nothing in Article 335 shall
prevent the State from making any provision in favour of
the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled
Tribes for the relaxation in qualifying marks in any
examination or lowering the standard of evaluation for
the reservation in the matters of promotion to any class
or classes of services or posts in connection with affairs of
the Union or of a State.
If provides that no reservation in Panchayats need to
made in favour of the Scheduled Castes in Arunachal Pradesh
wholly inhabited by the tribal population.
Creation of the new States of Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal
and Jharkhand.
Restoration of reservation in promotions in services to
the members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Right to Education has been made the fundamental right
and fundamental duty has been fixed to the parent and
guardian to province opportunities for education to the
his child on ward between the age of 6 and 14.
Provisions were made so that each state shall be divided
into territorial Constitutions in such a manner that the
ratio between the population as per 2001 Census, of each
constitutions and number of seats allotted to it is, so far as
practiciable, the same throughout the state.
Taxes on services was encluded in the Union List.
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Eighty-ninth
20 03
Article 338
Ninty
20 03
Article 332
Ninty-first
20 03
Article 75, 164, 361B, Tenth

Schedule
Ninty-second
20 03
Eighth Schedule
Ninty-Third
20 05
Provisions for creation of separate commission for

Schedule castes.
Provisions under which the Scheduled Tribes and nonScheduled Tribes in the Bodoland Territorial Areas District,
so notified, and existing prior to the Constitution of the
Bodoland Terrtorial Areas District shall be maintained.
Provisions were made regarding the strength of Council
of Ministers in Union as well stage of 15% of the total
member of Lok Sabha or concerned Vidhan Sabha
respectively.
Bodo, Dogri, Maithilli and Santhali were added in the
Eight Schedule of Constitution
The Private Professional Educational Institutions
(Regulation of Admission and Fixation of Fee) Act
233
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Gandhiji marched from his Sabarmati Ashram,

Government of India Act

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Mahatma Gandhi led this movement and asked the

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This envisaged forming an interim government in

Formation of the Constituent

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the Assembly predisency of Dr. Rajendra Prasad,

Indian Independence Act of 1947 was responsible

The Constitution came into force on 26 th Jan, 1950.

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In this chapter, you will learn concepts w.r.t.:

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