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I. INTRODUCTION
An increasing number of Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) devices are used by electric power
utility companies in order to enhance the controllability
and power transfer capability of ac power systems.
FACTS devices involve fast conversion and switching
power electronics. Typical applications are the Thyristor
Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC), Static Synchronous
Compensators (STATCOM), Static Synchronous Series
Compensators (SSSC), Convertible Static Compensators
(CSC), Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) and High
Voltage DC (HVDC) converters.
There are several books covering the subject of
FACTS technology. One of the most comprehensive ones
is [1], authored by N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi.
FACTS devices generate steady state electromagnetic
(EM) high frequency noise due to their power electronic
components, e.g., thyristor valves. This steady state noise
is the result of the continuous stream of turn-on and turnoff transients of each valve of the FACTS device. Due to
1
1
This work was supported by EPRI, American Electric Power
Service Corporation, and New York Power Authority.
D. Klinect and D. Nichols are with American Electric Power
Service Corporation, Dolan Lab, Groveport, Ohio 43125, USA (E-mail:
daklinect@aep.com, dknichols@aep.com)
S. Sebo, L. Xu and X. Liu are with The Ohio State University, Dept.
of ECE, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA (E-mail: sebo.1@osu.edu,
xu.12@osu.edu, liu.525@osu.edu)
B. Cramer and M. Silva are with EPRI, Palo Alto, California 94303,
USA (E-mail: msilve@epri.com, bcramer @epri.com)
R. Olsen is with Washington State University, School of EECS,
Pullman, Washington 99164, USA (E-mail: olsen@eecs.wsu.edu)
J. Ramie is with ARC Technical Resources, San Jose, California
95132, USA (E-mail: jramie@arctechnical.com)
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
130
RS101, Army
110
RS101, Navy
Perpendicular
Parallel
90
70
50
30
10
-10
-30
0.01
0.1
10
Frequency (MHz)
Fig. 1. Inverter hall, loop antenna measurements with RS101 [3] limits.
110
90
70
50
30
10
-10
-30
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency (MHz)
10
130
Normal
OFF/OFF
Remote Ambient, E/W
110
90
70
Typical NDGPS Signal
Minimum NDGPS Signal
50
30
NDGPS Band
10
0.01
0.1
10
Frequency (MHz)
Fig. 3. Sullivan - North Bristol 161 kV line, about 8450 m from Sullivan, 15 m lateral distance, normal and off/off cases, loop antenna
measurements with NDGPS signal levels corrected for QP 9 kHz BW (CISPR) noise measurements.
130
Normal
OFF/OFF
Remote Ambient, E/W
C108.3.1-M84 Limit, Fair Weather
Foul Weather, 500 kV Line
Fair Weather, 500 kV Line
110
90
70
50
30
10
0.01
0.1
10
Frequency (MHz)
Fig. 4. Sullivan - North Bristol 161 kV line, about 8450 m from Sullivan, 15 m lateral distance, normal and "off/off" cases, loop antenna
measurements with radio noise limit lines.