Quartet 4

Course Book

Introduction
Quartet 4
Welcome to Quartet Course Book 4. The Quartet Course Book 4 includes a
variety of reading texts that revolve around the theme of world travel, as well as
reading comprehension activities, guided writing, speaking activities, grammar,
and vocabulary exercises. The book is organized thematically, following the topics
on Quartet Online. The result is a fully integrated language learning course. We
hope that you will enjoy learning with Quartet Course Book 4.

III

Quartet 4

Map of Quartet 4

Reading skills
Unit 1
Animals

Pages 2-20

Activating background
knowledge
Compare and contrast
Close reading
Identifying topic
Getting the facts

Pages 22-40

Pages 42-61

Understanding explicit and

implicit information
Identifying positive
connotations
Scanning

Pages 64-86

Prediction
Inference
Identifying tone

The Dragon: A Mythical Animal that

Lives on
The Komodo: A Modern Day Dragon

Unit 2
Fame At What Price?
Tribute to Harry Houdini, the Great
Magician
(Parts 1 & 2)

Understanding opinions
Prediction
Inference
Scanning

What is Your Claim to Fame?

Unit 3
Going Somewhere?
Learning Foreign Customs
A Letter from Venice

Unit 4
Mind and Emotions
Dellas Problem
(Parts 1 & 2)
The Temper Test

IV

Quartet 4

Language Review

Speaking

Writing

Connecting words: although,

yet, despite, unlike
Guessing word meaning from
context
Using part of speech to
understand word meaning
The prefix en-

Making up a story together

Presenting information to
others

Writing a letter
Describing a creature

Gerunds
Comparative and
Superlative Adjectives
Guessing word meaning from
context
Expressions with the word
record
The prefix super-

Expressing opinions
Discussing advantages and
disadvantages

Writing facts
Writing a descriptive
passage
Preparing questions for
a trivia contest
Writing persuasively
Writing questions for an
interview

Connecting words of contrast:

however, on the other hand,
despite
Connecting words of result:
so, as a result, consequently
Clauses of Result
Travel words

Discussing rules of etiquette

Writing a magazine
advertisement
Writing a letter and
expressing likes and
dislikes
Writing an essay
Writing travel tips

Adjectives ending in -ed

and -ing
Adjectives and Adverbs
Emotions: Nouns and
Adjectives
Words about health and
medicine
Words describing family
relationships

Discussing a survey

Writing a diary entry

Writing a survey
Writing an answer for
an advice column
Writing a description of
feelings
Writing a report

Quartet 4

Reading skills
Unit 5
Something to Eat

Pages 88-110

Inference
Sequencing

Miracle in a Glass (Parts 1 & 2)

Rich, Delicious Chocolate Chip
Brownies

VI

Quartet 4

Language Review
Time clauses
Polite requests
Words about food, cooking,
and nutrition
Adjectives

Speaking
Role playing
Debating
Discussing food habits

VII

Writing
Writing an introduction to a
survey
Writing an advertisement
Writing a short article
Writing a recipe
Writing an essay
Reporting research findings

Quartet 4

Animals

1
Before You Start
Can You Imagine?
All the insects on the earth together weigh twelve times as much as
all the human beings on the earth!
The memory of a goldfish lasts only three seconds!

What animal trivia do you know? Fill in the name of the animal in each
trivia fact below. You can check your answers by looking at the key on
page 3.

ants
camels
cats
giraffes

kangaroos
monarch butterflies
mosquitoes
ostriches

parrots
sharks
spiders
turkeys

1. __________ never sleep. (Hint: These animals are insects.)

2. __________ have 32 muscles in each ear. (Hint: These animals are
mammals.)
3. __________ are about one inch (2.54 cm) long at birth. (Hint: These
animals are mammals.)
4. The eyes of __________are larger than their brain. (Hint: These animals are
birds.)

Quartet 4

1
5. __________ have three eyelids, which protect their eyes from sand.
(Hint: These animals are mammals.)
6. _____________ are more likely to bite a child than to bite an adult, and
brunettes get fewer bites than blondes. (Hint: These animals are insects.)
7. __________ can eat the same food that people eat, except for chocolate
and avocados. This food can kill them. (Hint: These animals are birds.)
8. __________ seem to be the only animals that never get ill. (Hint: These
animals are fish.)
9. __________ can be over 5 feet 10 inches (1.80 meters) tall at birth. (Hint:
These animals are mammals.)
10. __________ were named after a country. People mistakenly thought that
these animals came from that country. (Hint: These animals are birds.)
11. __________ have poor eyesight. They locate their prey by feeling the
animals' vibrations. (Hint: These animals have more than 6 legs.)
12. __________ eat a kind of plant that makes the animals taste bitter. As a
result, their enemies learn not to eat these animals. (Hint: These animals
are insects.)

B
C
D

The behavior of an animal or the shape of its body can help protect it.
Which two animal facts are examples of this? Write the numbers:
___
___
Write the numbers of two facts that you found surprising:
___
___
Hold an animal trivia contest in class. Each group should find five surprising
facts about animals and write questions about them. Look for information in
books or on the Internet.
Example: Which animals cause most humans deaths worldwide?
(Answer: mosquitoes)

Quartet 4

1
What Do You Know?
Throughout history, people have invented animals and believed that the animals
really exist. These imaginary animals often looked like real ones but had a
strange feature, such as two heads or a human body.

Which animals are real? Which are imaginary? Write R or I.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

An animal that breathes fire ___

An animal whose tongue is twice as long as its body ___
An animal that eats dead animals of its own kind ___
A bird that can fly backwards ___
An animal that can be reborn after death ___
An animal that has a horn on its head.
An animal that can have 100 legs or even more ___
An animal that can imitate sounds ___

Quartet 4

1
Some Words

Read the sentences and examples below, and answer the questions.
1.

Eager to attack, it stares angrily ahead with huge, bulging eyes.

Examples:
The children's eyes bulged as they looked at the large display of toys in
the shop window.
I tried not to look interested, but my eyes bulged as I heard the shocking
details of the story.
When might our eyes bulge? Mark your answers.
___
___
___
___
___

2.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

when
when
when
when
when

we're excited
we act violently
we're sad
we're about to fall asleep
we're extremely curious

Anyone else who wore a picture of the dragon faced the cruelest of
punishments-execution.
Example: The execution of criminals, called capital punishment, is a highly
debated topic.
Can you guess the meaning of execution?
_____________________________________________

3.

Dragons in the West were often portrayed as evil.

From the context we can understand that to portray means __________.

4.

You can enrich your knowledge about ancient and modern dragons through
books and the Internet.
Example: A cereal enriched with vitamins may make you healthier.
To enrich is to make richer or to _________ the quality of something or
someone.

Quartet 4

1
5. Europeans first discovered Komodo dragons in 1912. That was one of
the greatest achievements of 20th century zoology.
A word that can replace discovered is
___ created
___ found
6. Read these sentences and then answer the question below.
a. They are usually grayish brown, but their rough hide can also change
color with age.
b. Hide the sweets so the children won't see them.
In this sentence, hide is a verb.
c. Native Americans used animal hides to make clothing and build tents.
In this sentence, hides is a noun.
In sentence a above, what does hide mean?
___ color
___ skin
___ personalities
___ behavior
7. The Komodo dragon's saliva contains bacteria that can kill prey after only
one bite. Even if the prey does not die immediately and manages to flee, it
will usually die soon after from a bacterial infection caused by the bite.
What does the noun prey mean? __________________________________

Try to understand the meaning of the words that begin with en- in section I
below. Then complete each sentence logically by filling in the number of a
phrase in section II.
I.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

My friend encouraged me to study piano again ___

It was an enchanting performance, ___
The police must enforce the laws more strictly, ___
We decided to enlarge our house ___
Karen was enraged ___
To ensure the safety of the workers, ___
With noise and air pollution all around us, we tried to envisage ___

Quartet 4

1
II.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

since many drivers pay no attention to the speed limit.

life on an island far from civilization.
when she saw the damage to her car.
even though I had forgotten nearly everything I had learned as a child.
the factory manager replaced all the old, faulty equipment.
when we had a third child.
filled with imaginative, colorful costumes and sets.

What Do You Think?

Throughout history, people all over the world have believed in animals with
unusual bodies and powers.
With your partner, talk about why people invented such animals. Discuss
why fewer people believe in them today.

The Mythical Dragon

Its long tongue unrolls to catch helpless young girls, surprised sailors, and
entire ships.
Fire rises wildly from its large nostrils.
Eager to attack, it stares angrily ahead with huge, bulging eyes.
Its huge tail slaps the ocean's waves high into the air.
Hard, green scales cover its body and protect it.

Quartet 4

1
Something to Read

The Dragon A Mythical Animal That Lives On

Today few people, if any, believe that dragons actually exist; yet not too long
ago, the powers of dragons were a central theme in the beliefs of many cultures.
Although some legends show dragons as fierce, Chinese tradition tells of good,
intelligent dragons called lung. The Chinese believed in several types of lung.
Each one controlled an area of the world. One lung, for instance, was responsible
for all the water on earth. When a terrible flood came, people thought that the
dragon was angry at something they had done. The five-toed lung was a symbol
of power. Only the Chinese emperor was allowed to use images of this dragon on
jewelry or clothing.

Quartet 4

1
The ancient Chinese dragon was brightly colored and had a graceful body. Unlike
the popular Western image of dragons, it did not breathe fire. This Eastern
version of the dragon was intelligent and inspired respect. It was to be celebrated
and not feared. The celebration continues each year when colorfully-decorated
dragons appear in traditional Chinese New Year parades.
Despite their differences, the dragons of the East and the West were surprisingly
similar in some ways. Both resembled modern-day reptiles in shape, and a thick
layer of pointed scales protected their skin.

The Western dragon had several unique features. It could change color, it had
two large, batlike wings, and, of course, flames came out of its nostrils. Unlike the
noble dragons of the East, dragons of the West were often portrayed as evil.
People also believed that dragons owned huge quantities of gold and jewels. At a
time when war, poverty, and disease were common, the dragon was a convenient
way of explaining all the sorrows of the world. However, these creatures did have
some positive qualities. According to some legends, eating a dragon's tongue
helped people win arguments. The Vikings believed that decorating their ships
with dragons improved the sailors' eyesight and made them better warriors.

But fierce or noble, we must remember that dragons are an important part of
many cultures.

Quartet 4

1
What Do You Think Now?

Which dragons do these descriptions refer to? Mark one or both columns for
each description.

Description

1.

fire-breathing

2.

noble

3.

greedy

4.

intelligent

5.

scaly-skinned

6.

reptile-like

7.

imaginary

8.

powerful

9.

winged

Dragons of the East

Dragons of the West

10. brightly colored

11. mythical

10

Quartet 4

1
B

In which book would you be more likely to read the following quotations?
Mark one column for each quotation.

Quotation

Brave English Knights

of the Round Table

Tales of
the Lung

1. "It hasn't stopped raining for

three days! We must have
made him really angry this
time!"

2. "The people of my country

are starving, and he fills his
cave with gold and jewels!"

3. "Get ready quickly! The

whole village is gathering to
give thanks to the dragon."

4. "The creature continued to

attack wildly, though my
sword had struck one of its
wings."

11

Quartet 4

1
C

Answer the questions.

1. Why is it surprising that Eastern and Western dragons shared some
similarities?
__________________________________________________________
2. Which real animal most closely resembles the mythical Western dragon?
a. a snake
b. a tiger
c. a lizard
d. a whale
__________________________________________________________
3. What characteristics do Eastern and Western dragons share?
__________________________________________________________
4. Which characteristics of dragons are we unlikely to see in real animals?
__________________________________________________________

Something to Talk About

Talk with your partner about dragon stories that you remember. Then make
up a dragon story together. One of you begins the story, and the other
continues it.

12

Quartet 4

1
Something More to Read
Tip:
When you read passages with many facts and numbers, write down a
few words about each paragraph to help you remember the information.
The Komodo A Modern-Day Dragon

1
We have all heard stories about dragons and young maidens in fairy tales and
bedtime stories, but did you ever think that dragons were real? In Indonesia,
Komodo dragons are very real, indeed. Komodo dragons are the world's largest
lizards. The average Komodo male is 8.5 feet (2.5 meters) long and weighs 200
pounds (90 kg). An average female is about 6.5 feet (2 meters) long and weighs
150 pounds (68 kg). The largest Komodo ever recorded weighed 365 pounds
(165 kg)-almost as much as three people!
2
There are about 3,000-5,000 Komodos today, although scientists say that there
were never many more than that. They all live on four tiny islands in Indonesia,
called Komodo, Flores, Gili Motang, and Rinca. Although the island people have
known these huge lizards for centuries, Europeans first discovered them in
1912. That was one of the greatest achievements of 20th century zoology.
And these awesome creatures still fascinate people today.

13

Quartet 4

1
3
Komodo dragons are usually grayish brown, but their rough hide can change
color with age. Komodos are strong and fast, and they have good eyesight.
Their long claws and powerful tails help them climb trees and swim. The teeth of
a Komodo look like a shark's teeth. In one year, 200 new teeth grow, and each
one is as sharp as a steak knife. They are ideal for tearing through flesh and
bone.
4
Komodo dragons have a tremendous appetite. They can eat 5 pounds (2.5 kg) of
food per minute! At a single meal, they have been known to take in as much as
90% of their own body weight. For an adult human, that would mean eating 400
hamburgers in 20 minutes! Komodos will eat any sort of live animal, including
insects, mice, fish, birds, goats, and even baby Komodos. The young live up in
trees, which keep them safe from the hungry adults below. The Komodo dragon's
saliva contains bacteria that can kill prey after only one bite. Even if the prey
does not die immediately and manages to flee, it will usually die soon after from a
bacterial infection caused by the bite. Then the Komodo follows the smell of the
dead animal and locates its meal.
5
Komodo dragons can live in different kinds of environments. However, areas with
trees suit them well, since the shade helps keep their body temperature from
getting too high.
6
These dragons may not breathe fire or capture young girls, but they are still
extraordinary. The Indonesian government considers Komodo dragons a national
treasure. If any zoo or nature reserve wishes to export one of these beauties, the
President must give special permission. In addition, the area where the
Komodos live is protected as a national park.

14

Quartet 4

1
What Do You Think Now?

Answer the questions by filling in the numbers of the paragraphs.

1. Which two paragraphs describe the Komodo dragon's appearance?
__ and __
2. Which paragraphs tell you where Komodo dragons live? __ and __
3. Which paragraph mentions people who are trying to prevent the
disappearance of the Komodo dragon? __
4. Which paragraph gives information about the Komodo dragon's eating
habits? __

What did you learn about Komodo dragons from the passage? Fill in the
chart.

How do they look?

What is their prey?

Where do they live?

If you wanted to bring a Komodo dragon to a zoo in your country, what

would you need to do?

15

Quartet 4

1
Something to Talk About
You are a tour guide at a zoo. Tell a group of school children about Komodo
dragons. Think about the information you want to present, and try to find an
interesting way to present it.

Something to Write About

Choose a letter to write:
1. Imagine that you are a tourist on vacation in Indonesia. You've just seen
your first Komodo dragon on a nature reserve on the island of Flores.
Describe your impressions in a letter to your best friend at home.

Begin your letter with something personal to your friend.

Then explain where you've been and what you've been doing.
After that, give details about the Komodo dragon that you saw.
Finally, end your letter with a personal closing.

2. Imagine you are the director of a zoo. You think that a Komodo dragon
would be an exciting addition to your animal population. Write a letter to the
President of Indonesia to ask for permission to buy a Komodo. Promise that
you will care for the animal just as it is cared for in its native land.
First, explain how you heard about the Komodo dragon.
Next, write some words of praise about Indonesia's efforts to protect the
Komodo.
After that, state your request.
At the end, explain how you will care for the Komodo in your zoo.

16

Quartet 4

1
Language in Use
Although: A Connecting Word
The word although connects two opposite ideas. The two ideas are
separated by a comma. Although can appear at the beginning or in
the middle of a sentence.
There are about 3,000-5,000 Komodos remaining today, although
scientists say that there were never many more than that.
Although the island people have known these huge lizards for
centuries, Europeans first discovered them in 1912.

Complete these sentences so that they agree with the passage.

1. Although most people think of dragons as mythical creatures,
_________________________________________________.
2. Although many female animals protect their babies,
_____________________.
3. Some animals manage to escape after being bitten by a Komodo dragon,
although ______________________________________________.
4. Although the Indonesian government is willing to let other countries buy a
Komodo dragon, ________________________________________.

With a partner, brainstorm and write down five facts that others may not
know about animals. You can find information in encyclopedias, books, or
the Internet. Use although in your sentences.
Example: Baby spiders can make a perfect web on their first try, although they
have never been taught how to do it.

17

Quartet 4

1
More Connecting Words

Underline the words that connect two ideas in the following sentences:
1. Today few people, if any, believe that such animals actually exist; yet not
too long ago, the powers of dragons were a central theme in the beliefs of
many cultures.
2. The five-toed lung was a symbol of power, and only the Emperor was
allowed to wear its image.
3. Despite their differences, the dragons of the East and the West were
surprisingly similar in some ways.
4. Unlike the noble dragons of the East, dragons of the West were often
portrayed as evil.

B
C

Which of the words or phrases that you marked in section A connect

opposing ideas? Which of them are used to add one idea to another?
Pet lovers often argue about which is better, a cat or a dog. Based on your
knowledge or experience, think of three qualities of each animal. Then
write three sentences. In each one, combine two ideas about these
animals.
Use a different connecting word in each sentence.
Example: Although a cat may live with you for years, it will never be as loyal
as a dog.

Some More Words

The passage about the Komodo dragon contains a lot of information given in
numbers. Do you know how to say those numbers aloud?

Practice saying these numbers:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

in 1947
68%
78.5 lb
9,000
1,413
17th century
10,000-12,000

in nineteen forty-seven
sixty-eight percent
seventy-eight point five pounds
nine thousand
one thousand four hundred and thirteen
seventeenth century
ten thousand to twelve thousand

18

Quartet 4

1
B

These numbers are in the passage about Komodo dragons. Try to say them.
a. 150 pounds
b. 3,000-5,000

c. in 1912
d. 20th century

e. 5 pounds
f. 90%

Project

Write about a creature that exists only in legends or myths. Follow these
steps:
1. Choose one of the following creatures:

the Minotaur: a monster with the body of a man and the head of a bull
a unicorn: a horselike animal with one horn growing out of its forehead
a mermaid: a sea creature that is half woman and half fish
the Hydra: a great snake with many heads
the Gorgons: three snake-haired sisters
a thunderbird: a giant bird, sometimes portrayed with two heads
the Sphinx: a creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human

2. Get information from books, encyclopedias, magazines, or the

Internet.
3. Write a few paragraphs about the creature. Organize your report as follows:
Paragraph 1: Describe the appearance of the creature.
Paragraph 2: Talk about the people who believed in the creature.
Paragraph 3: Describe the stories or beliefs connected with the creature.

19

Quartet 4

1
What Did You Learn?
Facts:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Words:
Word

Meaning

20

Quartet 4

Fame At What Price?

2
Before You Start
"In the future everyone will be world-famous for fifteen minutes."
Andy Warhol, American painter

"Fame is an illusive thing here today, gone tomorrow."

Henry Miller, American author

Most people are known throughout their lives only by their families, their friends,
their neighbors, the people they work with, and a few others. Other people
appear in the media and in history books, and they are known by millions of
people around the world. Is it good to be famous?

Which of these quotations express a positive opinion of fame?

1. ___ "Being a sex symbol was rather like being a convict." (Raquel Welch)
2. ___ "Sometimes I wish I weren't famous." (Tammy Wynette)
3. ___ "Don't confuse fame with success. Madonna is one; Helen Keller is the
other." (Erma Bombeck)
4. ___ "I want to be famous everywhere." (Luciano Pavarotti)
5. ___ "Heartthrobs are a dime a dozen." (Brad Pitt)
6. ___ "Fame is proof that the people are gullible." (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
7. ___ "It is better to be a has-been than a never-was." (Cecil Parkinson)
8. ___ "A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become well
known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized." (Fred
Allen)
9. ___ "Fame is the perfume of heroic deeds." (Socrates)

Discuss the quotations with your partner.

22

Quartet 4

2
What Do You Know?

Choose three quotations from the list in Before You Start. Continue each
quotation with one or two sentences that explain the author's point of
view.
Example: "Being a sex symbol was rather like being a convict. I couldn't leave
my house without being surrounded by a hungry pack of photographers.
I probably ate better than the average prisoner, but I didn't have much more
freedom."

B
C
D

In recent years, Madonna has become a very a popular singer. Who was
Helen Keller? According to Erma Bombeck, how does Helen Keller's fame
differ from Madonna's?
Brad Pitt has been a popular actor for a number of years. He was thought to
be extremely handsome - a real "heartthrob." What does he mean by his
hearthrob comment?

Finish each of the following stories. Write an ending that agrees with the
statements by Andy Warhol and Henry Miller in Before You Start.

1. Harry Brown was the sole winner of the $3,000,000 lottery. Within a year,
__________________________________________________________.
2. Candy Cane was the hottest star in Hollywood after her first movie broke all
box office records.
_______________________________________________.
3. Up until election day, Franklin Lopez led in the polls, and every major
newspaper and television network interviewed him daily.
_________________________________________________________.
4. Everyone at the beach was reading Murder in Santiago, last summer's
best-selling novel that brought fame and fortune to its author, Carmen
Torres. ___________________________________________________.

23

Quartet 4

2
E

With a partner, choose a famous person from the present or the past for
example, Albert Einstein, Agatha Christie, Mozart, or Picasso. Prepare a
two-minute presentation about the person. One partner will talk about the
positive aspects of the person's fame, and the other partner will talk about
the negative aspects.
Planning tips:
Begin by making a list of what the person might consider the advantages
and disadvantages of being famous.
Think of examples, real or imaginary, that illustrate the points on your list.
Finally, think about how to organize your ideas and present them in a
lively and interesting way to the class.

Choose a famous scientist, political leader, or author who is no longer alive.

Look for information about the person in an encyclopedia or on the
Internet. Then write five factual sentences about the person.

Words to help you:

born
date of birth
place of birth
name at birth
parents
generation

family
childhood
studied
worked
got married
children

moved
fame
success
tragedy
invented
created

24

wrote
remember
history
died

Quartet 4

2
Some Words

The first passage in this unit is about one of the world's most famous
magicians. Try to guess the magician's name as you answer these questions
about words in the passage.
1. Which of these are restraints?
the ability to escape from any restraint or difficult situation.
__
__
__
__

a rope
a prison cell
a crowded room
handcuffs

__ chains
__ a straitjacket
__ a heavy book

2. Which word is not related in meaning to the word memoirs?

The Memoirs of Robert Houdin was an autobiography of one of the
world's greatest magicians.
__ memory
__ memorize
__ member

__ remember
__ memorable

3. Who was the author of Robert Houdin's autobiography?

4. What do we learn from this sentence? Mark all the statements that we
know are true.
In 1916, he ventured into the world of movies and, over the years, wrote
and acted in a number of silent movies.
___
___
___
___

He became a director of silent movies.

His career took a new turn in 1916.
He dared to try his hand at writing movies.
He acted in silent movies as well as in "talkies."

25

Quartet 4

2
5. The prefix super- often means "greater" or "more than normal." The words
in the box have the prefix super-. Use them to complete these sentences.
The magician never claimed to have any supernatural powers.
Some Words
super highway
superior

superiority complex
supermarket

superstar
supervisor

1. A large store that sells a wide variety of foods and other items is a
____________.
2. The person in charge of a project or a large staff of workers is a
____________.
3. An object of higher quality than other objects is ______________________.
4. An extremely popular person in sports or entertainment is a ____________.
5. An exaggerated feeling of self-importance is a _______________________.
6. A road designed for high-speed travel is a _________________________.

What Do You Think?

The famous magician you will read about wrote books in which he tried to explain
phenomena such as telepathy. He claimed that these phenomena could all be
explained in the same way as magic tricks.

26

Quartet 4

2
A

What do you think about the following kinds of "magic"? Mark one column
for each.
I know how its
done

I dont know how

its done

1. Sawing a woman in half

2. Making objects move without touching

them

3. Putting a live bird in a hat and

pulling out a rabbit

4. Sticking swords straight through a

box which holds a woman

5. Accurately predicting the

future through dreams

6. Suddenly being able to lift or

move a heavy object

7. Staying alive under water

without special equipment

Compare your answers with your classmates' answers.

27

Quartet 4

2
C

With a partner, talk about magic tricks that you've seen performed by
professional magicians, as well as tricks that you can do. Make two lists as
follows:
Tricks We Have Seen Magicians Do

Tricks We Can Do

With your partner, choose one trick from the list you made in section C.
Explain how its done (or how you think its done). Share your explanation
with the rest of the class.

Something to Read
Tribute to Harry Houdini, the Great Magician

Part 1
Many people say that Harry Houdini was the most famous magician of all times.
Today, when people hear the name Houdini, they think of the ability to escape
from any restraint or difficult situation. It should come as no surprise that, as with
most extraordinary people, Houdini's life had a remarkable beginning and end.
Houdini's early childhood is full of mystery. His original name was Ehrich Weiss.
He was born on March 24, 1874, in Budapest. When Houdini was four years
old, his parents, Mayer Samuel and Cecilia Weiss, came to the United States.

28

Quartet 4

2
Houdini often claimed that he was born in Appleton, Wisconsin. Historians,
however, later concluded that he was born in Hungary. Even today, people from
Appleton claim that their city was Houdini's birthplace.
Houdini had a poor childhood. His father was a rabbi, but since neither of his
parents spoke English, it was hard for them to earn a living in the United States.
The Weiss children had to work from an early age. By the time he was eight
years old, Ehrich was already selling newspapers and working as a shoeshine
boy. Just four years later, he decided to leave home so that he could earn more
money to send to his family.
Eventually Ehrich ended up in New York, when he was about 13 years old, and
the Weiss family soon joined him. Young Ehrich was extremely athletic. His
athletic abilities would make an important contribution to his future success.
As a teenager in New York, Ehrich became interested in magic. Calling
himself Ehrich the Great, he began performing card tricks and other simple tricks
for money. Then one day, he read a book that changed his life. The Memoirs of
Robert Houdin was an autobiography of one of the world's greatest magicians.
Ehrich was so influenced by what he read that he changed his name to Houdini.
He wanted to be just like his new hero. Little did he know that he would
eventually become even more famous than Robert Houdin.

From simple magic and card tricks, Houdini moved on to tricks with handcuffs. In
1892, soon after his father died, Houdini's younger brother, Theo, joined the act.
They called themselves the Houdini Brothers. A year later they were already
performing at places such as amusement parks and the Chicago World's Fair.

29

Quartet 4

2
What Do You Think Now?
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Why did Ehrich Weiss change his name to Houdini?

How old was Ehrich when he decided to leave home?
Why do you think that being athletic would serve Houdini well in the future?
How did a book change Houdini's life? Is there any book that has had a
great influence on you? Explain.

Something to Read
Part 2
In 1894, while Houdini was working on Coney Island, he met the woman who
became the love of his life. Wilhemina Rahner Bess for short married
Houdini after a brief, two-week courtship. At that time, Bess replaced Theo in the
magic act. For decades to come, she traveled with her husband and
participated in his tricks.
Early in their career, Houdini and Bess performed throughout the United States.
But simple magic was not enough for Houdini. He bet his audience that he
could escape any handcuffs they put on him. Eventually, he moved on to
restraints such as crates, coffins, milk cans, leg irons, straitjackets, prison cells,
and, finally, the famous "water torture cell." Houdini had devised a new kind of
show the "challenge escape." Usually the audience could see no trace of the
methods that Houdini used to escape. In 1899, an agent discovered Houdini and
booked him into the biggest theaters in the country. His escape acts quickly made
the headlines.
In 1900, Houdini went to Europe to try his luck there. After making headlines in
London, he went on to travel all over Europe. He stayed there for five years, and
his fame grew. But as much as he enjoyed his success abroad, Houdini wanted
to go back home. He soon returned to New York, where he bought a house.
However, for the rest of his career he continued to travel to Europe to perform.
Houdini's career was not limited to the stage. In 1916, he ventured into the world
of movies and, over the years, wrote and acted in a number of silent movies.

30

Quartet 4

2
Hollywood later honored Harry Houdini's contribution to the movie industry.
His creative nature also found expression in his many writings, such as his
famous book on the history of magic, The Unmasking of Robert Houdin.
In October 1926, Houdini had several performances in Montreal, Canada. One
evening as Houdini was resting, a young man came into the theater dressing
room. He had heard about Houdini's ability to endure stomach punches and
wanted to put it to the test. Without warning, the young man hit the magician in
the stomach. Because Houdini was unprepared, he was seriously injured. A week
and a half later, on October 31, 1926, Harry Houdini died from an infection in
the lining of his stomach. The greatest escape artist of all times could not escape
his death.
Houdini never claimed to have any supernatural powers. On the contrary, he
worked hard to convince people that magic tricks are based on science. Harry
Houdini will always be remembered as the magician who did the most to bring
magic to the stage.

What Do You Think Now?

Scan the passage to find the date for each of these events.
_____ Houdini started making movies.
_____ An agent discovered Houdini.
_____ Houdini met his future wife.

Scan the entire article again, and put the following events into chronological
order. Number them from one to nine.
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Houdini began to share his act with a woman.

Houdini began a career as an actor and movie writer.
Houdini was caught by surprise by a young man.
Houdini's family emigrated to the United States.
Houdini developed an internal infection.
Houdini grew homesick for America.
"Houdini" became the magician's name.
Houdini shined shoes as a part-time job.
Houdini became famous as an escape artist.

31

Quartet 4

2
C

Biographies sometimes include the author's feelings and opinions. Find a

sentence in the passage that shows how the author feels about Harry
Houdini.__________________________________________________ .

Did you know?

Houdini knew that people who claimed to have supernatural powers would tell the
world they had communicated with him after his death. Before he died, he
gave his wife a secret message. Then he told the press what he had done. As he
predicted, people tried to communicate with him after he died, but no one could
prove that they had been successful. No one knew the secret message.

Something to Write About

Imagine that you were in the room when Harry Houdini received his fatal
blow.
1. Write a description of the setting.
2. Describe exactly what happened.
3. Describe your reactions.

Why do many people who want to be famous change their names?

1. Find the original names of three famous people who changed their names
before or after they became famous.
2. Use the information to write questions for a trivia contest in class.

32

Quartet 4

Language in Use
Gerunds with Objects
A gerund comes from a verb and is used as a noun.
Gerunds end in -ing.
Like verbs, gerunds can take objects.
Example: Annie Kremmel set a world record in throwing Frisbees.

Go back to the table on page 27. Circle the gerunds.

Complete the following sentences about magic. Use suitable gerunds.

1. ______________a person in half is a common trick.
2. Houdini told everyone that ______________ things move without them
was a trick.
3. He had no problem ___________from straitjackets or prison cells.

33

Quartet 4

2
Something More to Read
What Is Your Claim to Fame?
Here are some records that were set in the 1990s.*

2.

1.
Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Norman Johnson
U.K.
Slicing
sliced a cucumber
into 264 slices in
13.4 seconds

4.

3.
Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Name:
Country:
Specialty:

Alfred
U.S.A.
Kissing
kissed 10,504
people in eight
hours

Record:

Record:

Horst Ortman
Germany
Spitting cherry
stones
spit a cherry stone
95.07 feet (28.98
meters)

6.

5.
Name:
Country:
Specialty:

Eddie McDonald
Canada
Yo-yoing
completed 21,663
full yo-yo cycles (up
and down) in three
hours

Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Annie Kremmel
U.S.A.
Women's
Frisbee throwing
threw a Frisbee
447.21 feet
(136.31 meters)

Brian Berg
U.S.A.
Building with cards
built a house of
cards 100 stories
tall; it reached a
height of 19.19 feet
(5.85 meters)

*The Guinness Book of Records. Guinness Publishing Ltd. London: 1997

34

Quartet 4

2
8.

7.
Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Tony Dowdswell
U.S.A.
Eating
ate 3.37 pounds
(1.53 kilograms) of
frozen ice cream in
31.67 seconds

10.

9.
Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Frances Van Herl

Belgium
Collecting
collected 58,259
different cigarette
lighters

Name:
Country:
Specialty:
Record:

Dean Gould
U.K.
Licking stamps
licked 450 stamps in
four minutes

35

Joseph Love
Kenya
Milking cows
milked 30 cows in 12
hours, which
produced 561.1
quarts (531 liters)
of milk

Quartet 4

2
What Do You Think Now?

Look at the record cards in Something More to Read, and answer the
questions. Write the number of the card(s) in the blank.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

B
C

Which records involved timing with a stopwatch? ____________________

Which records involved measuring distances? ____________________
Which record do you think required the most patience? _______________
Which record do you think required the most skill? ___________________
Which record do you think you would be able to beat? _______________
Which record-breakers probably relied on the help of other people?
____________________

Which of the record-breakers would you most like to interview? Write three
questions you would ask.

Answer these questions. Use the example as a model.

Example:
How did the ten record-breakers become famous?
They became famous by breaking a record.
1. How did Mahatma Gandhi become famous?
__________________________________________________________.
2. How did William Shakespeare become famous?
__________________________________________________________.
3. How did Harry Houdini become famous?
__________________________________________________________.

Of the ten record-breakers and the three people in question C, who do you
think will have the longest-lasting fame? Explain your choice.

36

Quartet 4

2
Something to Write About

Imagine that you are the agent who discovers Houdini. Write a letter to
Houdini. Tell him that you would like to promote his career as a magician.
Write about your impressions of the magician.
Describe your plans for him.
Convince him to let you be his agent.

You are interviewing a girl who hopes to set a world record by walking on
her hands. Write down your questions and the girl's answers.
Ideas for your questions:

her reasons for trying to set a record

her training program
the techniques she is going to use
her plans if she succeeds or fails

Language in Use
Comparatives and Superlatives
What did the record-breakers do that made them famous?
Complete the sentences using suitable comparatives and superlatives.
1. Tony Dowdswell ate the most ice cream in the __________ amount of
time.
2. Horst Ortman spit a cherry stone __________ than anyone had before.
3. Eddie McDonald completed __________ yo-yo cycles than anyone had
previously.
4. Dean Gould took four minutes to lick __________ stamps than anyone
else.
5. Brian Berg made the __________ house of cards that had ever been
built.
6. In eight hours, Alfred Wolfram kissed the ___________ number of
people.
7. Frances Van Herl collected ___________________________________.
8. Annie Kremmel threw ___________________________________.

37

Quartet 4

2
Some More Words

Fill in the chart with the words in the box.

athletic
coffin
crate
director

Restraint

entertainer
extraordinary
famous
handcuffs

legendary
leg irons
magician
performer

Description of Houdini

prison cell
shoeshine boy
straitjacket

Occupation

Learn these expressions with the word record, and answer the
questions.
You can set a record.
You can break a record.
You can tie with a record.
1. How far must you throw a Frisbee to tie with the world record?
_________________
2. How many stamps must you lick to break the record set by Dean
Gould? _________________
3. Where was the current cow-milking record set? _________________

38

Quartet 4

2
C

Here are some more "record" expressions. If you don't know what they
mean, look them up in your dictionary.
criminal record
go on record
keep a record
off the record

Use one expression in each sentence:

1. If you don't _______________ of what you spend, you may end up in debt.
2. The mayor refused to _______________ as saying that he supported
building the new highway.
3. Although I wanted to hire him for the job, I found it hard to ignore his
_______________.
4. After the newspaper interview, the candidate agreed to speak
_______________ about issues he did not want mentioned in print.

Project
Choose one of these projects.
1. Find out about the first successful attempt to climb Mt. Everest. Write an
account of it.
Include biographical information about the climber.
Describe the difficulties and how the climber overcame them.
Describe previous attempts.
Discuss current attempts to climb Mt. Everest. How have conditions and
equipment changed?
2. Using books or the Internet, read more about Houdini's water torture cell
and straitjacket trick. Describe the tricks and how they worked. You can
draw diagrams to accompany your descriptions.

39

Quartet 4

2
What Did You Learn?
Facts:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Words:
Word

Meaning

40

Quartet 4

Going Somewhere?

3
Before You Start

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do."

This familiar advice to travelers is not always easy to follow. Unless you
have done your homework on how people in other places behave, you are
likely to find yourself in some embarrassing situations.

What Do You Know?

Etiquette refers to the rules of behavior of a society. Write two rules of

etiquette for your country. (Think about eating, driving, traveling by bus,
talking on the telephone, and shopping.)
Example: When you are introduced to a person, extend your right
hand to shake hands with the person.

B
C

Share your answers in section A with a partner. Together, act out a situation
for the class in which a person breaks one of your culture's rules of
behavior. The other students have to guess the rule.
People all over the world who use the Internet should observe some rules of
etiquette (or "netiquette"). Write down two of these rules.

42

Quartet 4

3
Some Words

Rober and Kara invited several friends to their home to see slides from their
recent trip to Scandinavia. Read their explanations and answer the
questions below.
Slide One
"Here we are packing
our luggage. I tried to
get Robert to take less,
but he was sure he'd
need everything but the
kitchen sink."

1. Number these pieces of luggage from small (1) to large (5).

handbag
suitcase
trunk
wallet/purse

Slide Two
"Here's a picture of the
departure and arrivals
board. You can see our
flight to Oslo listed
there, at the top."

2. When do you need to check the departure and arrivals board?

_____________________________________________________________

43

Quartet 4

3
Slide Three
"Now Kara is checking to
make sure weve taken all
our documents: plane
tickets, passports,
itinerary, and
confirmations of our hotel
reservations."
3. When Kara and Robert reach the first city on their itinerary, what do
you think they will do? Check the activities that they are likely to do on
their first day there.

check into their hotel

change money
confirm their departure time
buy presents for the family
pick up their rental car
buy a map
develop film
sign up for a free introductory bus tour of the city
write postcards to their friends and family

4. What are some of the ways you can make reservations in a major
hotel?
Slide Four
"Now you see us
getting off the plane at
Oslo, our first
destination. We were
totally exhausted from
the long flight."

5. What is the furthest youve ever traveled from your home? What
different means of transportion did you use to get there?

44

Quartet 4

3
6. Which is probably more exhausting, a ten-hour flight from east to west,
or a ten-hour flight directly north or south? Why?

Slide Five
"In this slide, we've just
come out of a bank
where we changed our
money into the local
currency."

7. With a partner, complete this currency table. Compare with other groups
in the class to fill in what you don't know.
Country

Currency
zloty

The United States

Denmark
yen
dinar
rand
Brazil
Russia
shekel
Australia
won
Egypt
India
baht
Saudi Arabia

45

Quartet 4

3
Slide Six
"Here's a close-up of our first purchase in the Oslo city market.
Almost everything we saw was
too costly for our budget, but we
finally decided to buy this little
glass ball. When you shake it,
you see a beautiful scene of
falling snow. Isnt that a great
souvenir of Scandinavia?

8. What souvenirs might you bring home from Paris? from Cairo? from
New York?
_______________________________________________________
9. What is another word for costly? ____________________

Slide Seven
If you look carefully, you can
see a fjord way off in the
distance. Robert is blocking the
view a bit. The sights we saw
on our boat trip were absolutely
stunning. Its a shame we ran
out of film right at this point.

10. Name three famous buildings in the world that offer a stunning view
of the surrounding area.
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________

46

Quartet 4

3
B

Which of these activities are usually done before a trip abroad?

Which are usually done during the trip? Write B for Before or D for During.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

_____ Buy souvenirs

_____ Try the local food
_____ Make reservations
_____ Find out about the climate
_____ Reserve a rental car
_____ Leave a tip for the porter
_____ Make an itinerary
_____ Listen to a weather report
_____ Order room service
_____ Buy reading material for the flight
_____ Make a list of addresses of friends and relatives
_____ Purchase traveler's checks
_____ Get directions to the nearest post office

What Do You Think?

What do you think is the most popular tourist destination in the world?
1. Name three features that attract a record number of tourists to this
place, and explain why.
2. Compare your choice and explanations with your classmates'.
Was there a place that many of the students chose?
Why do you think it's popular? Which place came second?

Who do you think spends the most on tourism? Explain.

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

47

Quartet 4

3
C

With your partner, choose a place that is not usually considered a tourist
attraction. Use the Internet, books, magazines, and your imagination to
create a magazine advertisement promoting tourism to that place.
Tips:
First decide which of the place's features you want to emphasize.
Try to find a photograph or produce a graphic design that suits your
purpose.
Use words and phrases that will capture your readers' attention and create
a positive image in their minds.

Which of these phrases would be the most effective in a magazine

advertisement promoting tourism to Venice, Italy? Why?

a city without cars

the city of poets and painters
the city of colorful blown glass
a romantic gondola ride
an architectural paradise

Describe the interests of the people who might be attracted by each of the
phrases in section D.

48

Quartet 4

3
Something to Read
Read the passage about some uncomfortable situations involving visitors in
foreign countries. Have you ever been in a similar situation?

Learning Foreign Customs

1. "I get a bit nervous when I meet new business associates. I never know
what to do with my hands, so I keep them in my pockets most of the time.
Why didn't anyone warn me to take both hands out when I greeted my
company's chief executive in Berlin with a handshake? I made a very bad
first impression."

49

Quartet 4

3
2. "My Greek guide kept smiling at me. How was I supposed to know she was
angry that I'd gotten to the bus half an hour late that morning?"
3. "I felt exhausted after my long international flight. As I sat in the restaurant
with my Japanese colleague, I couldn't help but yawn several times. He
stared at me in disgust. And this happened after we'd already gotten off to a
bad start. He'd told me that the color of my dress was especially flattering,
and Id said, 'Thank you!'"
4. "As I sat in my hosts living room in Ankara, I crossed one leg over the
other to be more comfortable on the sofa. The entire family stared at the
soles of my feet in horror. I thought perhaps I'd dirtied their carpet with
mud, but I hadn't."
5. "Crossing legs in Madrid turned out to be a real mistake. As the only
businesswoman in a room filled with men with crossed legs, I couldn't
understand why everyone started clearing their throats when I did the
same."
6. "It was the first meal I had shared with my Finnish relatives, and I was being
especially careful to mind my manners. I thought I was being polite when my
cousin asked me to pass the salt and I handed the salt shaker to him
directly. They are now all waiting for a wave of bad luck to come."
7. "When I politely asked, 'Do you mind if I take this chair?' the Bulgarian in the
restaurant shook her head from side to side. So I pulled the chair over to my
table for my companion. The Bulgarian woman immediately called the waiter
to complain."
8. "I had just returned from a two-week business trip to Rome, where every
meeting with a new client began with kisses on both cheeks and a long hug.
The clients at my next stop, Warsaw, backed away quickly when I greeted
them in the same way."
9. "I started eating my tuna sandwich before everyone else on the flight out of
Paris because I hadn't had any breakfast. But I stopped immediately when I
saw the Parisian passengers begin eating theirs with a knife and fork."
10. "While we were waiting for our dessert in a lovely restaurant in Amsterdam,
I told my Dutch friend that I'd be back in a minute. When I returned from the
rest room, I saw that I'd embarrassed her greatly."

50

Quartet 4

3
What Do You Think Now?

Next to each rule of etiquette, write the name of the appropriate country.
Choose from the countries in the box.
Some Words
Bulgaria
Finland

Greece
Italy

Japan
The Netherlands

1. Never leave the table in the middle of a meal. The other guests will think
you are rude. ____________
2. Smile at people even when they have done something that has disturbed
you greatly. ____________
3. Do not clear your throat, blow your nose, or yawn in public. ____________
4. Don't pass the salt directly to the person who asked for it. Lay it on the
table for the other person to pick up. ____________
5. Move your head left and right to show that you mean "yes." To show that
you mean "no," move your head up and down. ____________
6. When greeting people, even for the first time, hug them and kiss them on
the cheek. ____________

Write down other rules of etiquette that you know about.

Country

Rule

Which of the rules of etiquette in section B apply to your country? Do you

know of a rule in your country that is the opposite of another country's
rule?

51

Quartet 4

3
Something to Talk About
Discuss these questions in a group. Explain your opinions.
1. Will travelers of the future have to worry less about etiquette?
2. Will global forms of communication, such as television and the Internet,
erase regional customs and traditions? Will it create a world in which all
people behave similarly?

Language in Use

Use connecting words to express contrast.

Example: Most business people shake hands with foreign visitors.
However, for some, this custom is inappropriate.
Fill in the blanks with however, on the other hand, or despite.
1. I felt uncomfortable when my client in Rome kissed me. ___________, I
smiled politely and hid my embarrassment.
2. On my business trips around the world, I've learned that in some
countries meetings never begin on time. ___________, there are
countries where people always arrive on time.
3. ___________ its high price, we decided to buy the little glass ball as a
souvenir.

Fill in the blanks with connecting words to express result: as a result,

so, or consequently.
Example: I never know what to do with my hands, so I keep them
in my pockets most of the time.
1. ___________ of great changes in the country, tourism in South Africa
has grown tremendously.
2. Our city has a lot of noise and air pollution from cars, ___________ we
were especially delighted to visit Venice, where canals replace streets.
3. We heard that the weather was about to turn cold and rainy.
____________, we canceled our plans for a walking tour of the city.

52

Quartet 4

3
C

What is the logical connection between the two parts of each of these
sentences, contrast or result? Write an appropriate connecting word for
each.
1. Flying to Madrid was too costly for us. _______________, we decided
to travel by train.
2. ________________ our itinerary did not include time for shopping, we
managed to buy a few souvenirs before leaving for the airport.
3. I couldn't wait to open the gift that my Japanese host gave me.
________________, I knew that in Japan it is considered impolite to
open a gift in front of the giver.
4. ________________ the warnings about crime and danger, we enjoyed
a quiet, pleasant vacation abroad.
5. I think it's too risky to carry a lot of cash on foreign visits.
________________, I always use traveler's checks.

Complete these sentences logically. Some will show contrast and others
will show result.
1. Despite its image as a part of the world untouched by modern
civilization,___________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
2. The local people are friendly and helpful, so ___________________
______________________________________________________.
3. I forgot to confirm my return flight to Frankfurt. As a result, _________
__________________________________________________.
4. Although it's customary in some places to eat sandwiches with one's
hands, ____________________________________________
5. The road map that I bought was quite outdated. Consequently,
_________________________________________________________.

53

Quartet 4

3
Something More to Read

A Letter from Venice

Dear Mom and Dad,
Here we are in Venice! Nicole and I arrived just two days ago, and I'm
already
exhausted from everything we've seen and done so far. I can't begin to tell
you how beautiful and romantic this city is, with its long canals instead of
streets. It's quite strange to see houses and buildings with stairs that
lead right into the water. We thought we would get lost in all the little,
winding streets and canals, but we seem to be managing. The local people
are very friendly and helpful, so we've had no problem getting directions.
Besides, Nicole isn't shy about asking people for help! The most amazing
thing is how quiet the city is. No cars are allowed here, so all you can hear
are the sounds of voices, footsteps, church bells, and the occasional
faraway motorboat. I'm not used to this type of lifestyle after living in
busy Toronto all these years.
Every corner seems to present us with another little surprise. In Venice,
it isn't rare to suddenly come upon a five hundred-year-old church or a
magnificent building with carvings and sculptures across the front. We
keep bumping into artists sitting by their easels, painting the reflections
of old buildings and bridges in the waterways. The city has Gothic
palaces, museums, galleries, and classical music events.
I can tell that I won't be bored here _ there are plenty of things to see
and do. I just hope we won't run out of money. Everything is very
expensive!
So far, we've been very busy just looking around. Yesterday we went on a
city bus (which is really a boat) and stayed on until the end. It's the
cheapest way to get a really good view of the city. The bus goes down the
Grand Canal and passes many of the grand buildings of Venice. In the
evening, we went on a ride on one of Venice's famous gondolas. I felt as if I

54

Quartet 4

3
were in a movie _ a man in a striped shirt stood on the back of the boat
rowing while another man played the accordion and sang an aria from an
Italian opera. It was fantastic! We ended this special day by sharing
pasta in a charming little restaurant.
Today we spent the day in Piazza San Marco, one of the most famous
squares in the world. The square was packed with thousands of tourists
and just as many pigeons. Naturally, we visited the famous Basilica di San
Marco. We had to stand in line for about an hour to get inside, but it was
well worth it. The basilica has the most
outstanding exterior that I
have ever seen. We read that it was constructed to house the body of St.
Mark, which had been stolen from its burial place in Egypt by two Venetian
merchants. The basilica was built in the 11th century. I couldn't believe I
was looking at something so old! When we entered the cathedral, we were
both speechless. The whole interior is decorated with the most
magnificent mosaics. The guidebook said that these mosaics were added
over a period of five centuries. The saint's body is buried in the church
under the high altar. Behind the altar is a gold altarpiece that is
decorated with silver and precious stones. It was just stunning.
On our way back from San Marco, I picked up a necklace made out of
Venetian glass for you, Mom, and a leather-bound diary made with the
legendary Venetian marbled paper for you, Dad. I also got a leather purse
for Robyn. I hope you'll all enjoy these gifts. We'll be staying here for
another couple of days, and then we'll head off to Rome. Hope everything
is fine there. Send my love to Robyn, too.
Love,
Steve
P.S. Nicole sends her love.

55

Quartet 4

3
What Do You Think Now?

Some of the information in Steve's letter is explicit (clearly stated), and

some is implied (stated indirectly). Write E (explicit) or I (implied) next to
these statements.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

_____ Steve likes art and music.

_____ Steve has been in Venice for two days.
_____ Steve and Nicole are not wealthy.
_____ Steve bought gifts for his family.
_____ The Basilica di San Marco was built in the 11th century.
_____ Steve has a sister named Robyn.
_____ No cars are allowed into Venice.
_____ Steve lives in Toronto.
_____ Steve and Nicole are going to Rome.

Steve appears to be enormously impressed by Venice. Many adjectives

demonstrate this positive impression.
1. Make a list of adjectives that demonstrate Steve's positive impressions of
Venice.
__________________________________________________________
2. Which three adjectives on your list are the strongest ones used by Steve?
3. Use five of the adjectives in sentences about people. Include information in
each sentence that shows why the adjective is appropriate.
Example: When Cinderella opened her eyes, she saw that her rags
had magically turned into a magnificent dress, decorated
with precious jewels and delicately embroidered flowers.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

56

Quartet 4

3
C

D
E

Write a one-paragraph description of Steve. Base your description on what

is stated or implied in his letter. Use your imagination to fill in the details.
Include information about his family and education as well as about his
tastes and lifestyle.
Scan the letter in Something More to Read to determine Steve and
Nicole's itinerary for their first two days in Venice. Write it down.

Write a two-paragraph letter from a tourist who had exactly the same
itinerary as Steve and Nicole but did not enjoy his two-day stay in Venice.

Something to Write About

Choose one of these topics.
1. Write an account of your own visit to a foreign country or a place in your
own country.
Choose some of the sites you saw and experiences you had.
Describe them in detail, and include your impressions.
2. Within five years half of the world's population will live in cities. By 2030 the
urban population will reach 4.9 billion - 60% of the worlds population. Write
an essay in which you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this
trend.

57

Quartet 4

Language in Use
So...that and such...that are two ways of connecting two parts of a
sentence to express result.
Examples:
The cost of a restaurant meal was so high that we decided to buy our
lunch in the market.
Prague was such a beautiful city that we used three rolls of film on our
very first day there.
so + adjective + that
such + adjective + noun + that

Use so...that or such...that. Complete the sentences logically.

1. _____________________________ that I just had to buy it for you.
2. _____________________________ that we decided to walk rather than
get the bus to the museum.
3. _____________________________ that I couldn't fit them all in my
luggage.
4. _____________________________ that our departure from New York
was delayed for four hours.
5. _____________________________ that we asked our waiter to help us
choose something to eat.

Write three pieces of advice for a foreign visitor to your country.

Use some of the following connectors: so, as a result, however,
although, therefore, despite.

58

Quartet 4

3
Some More Words
Complete the table. You can use your dictionary to help you.
Country
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
Denmark
Finland
Greece
Japan
Morocco
The Netherlands
Switzerland
Syria
The United Kingdom
The United States

People
Argentineans

59

Language(s)
Spanish

Quartet 4

3
Project
Choose one project. Use the Internet or other sources of current
information.
1. Do research on urbanization.
Present statistics on the numbers of people moving from rural areas to
cities. In which countries is this trend most noticeable, and what are the
reasons?
Describe the consequences of rapidly growing urbanization. What might
a visitor to one of the world's fastest growing cities see in the year 2025?

2. Write a list of travel options for a tourist who wants to visit your country
for a week.
List the various methods of transportation and their costs.
List a number of sites to visit, including descriptions of buildings,
monuments, and museums.
Provide information on accommodation and group tours.
Include travel tips from people who have already visited the country.

60

Quartet 4

3
What Did You Learn?
Facts:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Words:
Word

Meaning

61

Quartet 4

Mind and Emotions

4
Before You Start

Read the conversations below, and answer these questions for each
conversation.
1. Where does the conversation take place?
2. What is the relationship between the two people who are talking?
3. How does each person feel, and why?

Conversation One
Mrs. Hernandez:

Excuse me, sir. I don't usually speak frankly to people I

don't know, but you haven't stopped staring at me since we
took off.

Mr. Smithson:

Oh, I'm so sorry. I didn't realize

Mrs. Hernandez:

If this were a short journey, I would never mention it, but

we're obviously going to be sitting next to each other until
we reach Los Angeles. I get nervous enough on journeys
like this. Your staring at me is not helping matters at all.

Mr. Smithson:

Well, I'm not a person who usually stares at people.

It's simply that you bear a great resemblance to my wife,
who passed away two years ago. I'm just beginning to get
over the loss. In fact, this vacation is my first attempt to
make a fresh start in life. Seeing you has brought back a lot
of painful memories. Perhaps we should ask to change
seats.

64

Quartet 4

4
Mrs. Hernandez:

I'm extremely sorry about your loss, and I can understand

why you were staring. Perhaps a new seat will solve the
problem. But it may help you more to talk about your
feelings. I'm willing to listen and help in any way I can if you
decide to stay.

Conversation Two
Tim

Daddy! There's an ice cream stand! Can I have some ice

cream?

Mr. O'Neill

Not now, Timmy. We're going to have our picnic lunch soon.
We'll have those lovely sandwiches that we made together.
Ice cream will only spoil your appetite.

Tim:

But I want some ice cream now. Please, please, PLEASE!

Mr. O'Neill:

No, Tim, not now. Look, they're about to feed the monkeys.
If you don't stop nagging me, we're going to miss it. Now
run and find a good place to stand near the cage.

Tim:

Daddy, please get me some ice cream!

Mr. O'Neill:

Timothy! Stop it this instant! You are not getting any ice
cream now, and that's final! Now march over to that cage
and learn a few things from that nicely-behaved baby
monkey!

Conversation Three
Stacey:

Oh, no! There's a dog ahead of us! Let's turn around quickly
and walk a different way!

Marissa

There's no time. The bell is going to ring in another five

minutes, and we'll be late. You don't want your parents to
get another letter, do you? Just try to act calm and it'll go
away.

Stacey:

I can't! You know how I feel. It's coming right toward us!
Quick, do something!

65

Quartet 4

B
C

Marissa:

Stacey, you're embarrassing me. Everyone's looking at us.

Can't you get over this terror you have of dogs? This one
even looks pretty friendly.

Stacey:

No, it doesn't. It's a nasty dog and it's coming closer and I know
it's going to attack us and do something awful! Help!

Marissa:

Stacey, I've had enough of this childish fear of yours! It's time to
grow up!

Which of the emotions expressed in section A have you experienced?

What did you do to deal with these emotions?
Brainstorm other situations in which emotions are involved.
For each situation, discuss the possible sources of the emotions.
Example:
Parking a car: Another driver quickly pulls into the space where you intended to
park.

With a partner, choose one of the situations discussed in section C, or think

of a situation not mentioned in class.
Write a conversation between two people in that situation. Show their
emotions.
After you have read your conversation to the class, the other students have
to determine the location of the conversation, the relationship of the people,
and the sources of their emotions.

Which person in the conversations in section A is most in need of help in

dealing with his or her emotions? What sort of help would you recommend?

66

Quartet 4

4
What Do You Know?

Choose eight of the feelings and emotions listed in the box, and describe
situations in which you might experience them.
affection
amazement
anger
annoyance
anxiety
appreciation
apprehension
astonishment
boredom
concern

curiosity
delight
depression
disappointment
disillusionment
embarrassment
excitement
fascination
fear
frustration

guilt
impatience
interest
irritation
jealousy
longing
love
nervousness
patience
pleasure

regret
relief
satisfaction
shock
surprise
sympathy
terror
worry

Read the sample situation and use it as a model to complete the others.
Sample Situation
The person sitting next to you in class constantly chews her pencil.
If you are annoyed, you might say,
"Your chewing is beginning to bother me. Could you please stop?"
If you are angry, you might say,
"Can't you see you're bothering me? Stop chewing that pencil!"
1. It's your birthday. Your best friend has just given you a particularly
unfashionable shirt as a present. You tell another friend about it.
If you are disappointed, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"
If you are surprised, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"

2. A lost child has just approached you in a large supermarket.

If you are concerned, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"
If you are sympathetic, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"

67

Quartet 4

4
3. The pilot has just told the passengers to fasten their seat belts,
since the plane is about to fly through storm clouds and strong
winds.
If you are worried, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"
If you are afraid, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"
4. The political candidate that you were going to vote for has just been
accused of taking bribes.
If you are disillusioned, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"
If you are shocked, you might say,
"__________________________________________________"

Read the names of the professions in the box, and look up words that you
don't know.
business consultant

occupational therapist

clinical psychologist

psychiatrist

social worker

1.
a. What do these professions have in common?
b. How do they differ from one another?
c. Which profession is most closely related to the mind and emotions?

2. Which professional would you contact in each of these situations?

Your ex-husband or ex-wife refuses to pay child support.
Your nine-year-old child consistently confuses the order of the letters in
the words she writes.
Your fear of being in crowded areas makes your daily bus journey to and
from work unbearable.

68

Quartet 4

4
Some Words

What do you know about the following disorders:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

eating disorders _______________________________________________

learning disorders ______________________________________________
nervous disorders ______________________________________________
attention disorders _____________________________________________
sleeping disorders _____________________________________________

In the passage below, a doctor is talking to a patient about a possible

treatment. Fill in the blanks with words from the list. Use your dictionary if
you need help.
pharmacy
condition
dosage
medical

patients
pills
prescribe
prescription

side effects
treat

I recently read about a new drug in an excellent 1. ____________ journal.

I recommend that we try to 2. ____________ your problem with it. It is still an
experimental medicine, and you may experience some negative
3. ____________, such as headaches. However, there is a very good chance
that your 4. ____________ will improve with this medication. According to the
chart, the 5. ____________ for your age and weight is two 6. ____________ per
day. If you want to try the treatment, I will write you a 7. ____________ now. I'm
sure that you'll be able to get it at any 8. ____________. I assure you that
several of my 9. ____________ have already benefited greatly from this
treatment, and I hope you will, too. If I had any serious doubts about it, I wouldn't
10. ____________ it.

69

Quartet 4

4
C

Look at the page from David Kim's calendar, and then answer the questions.

Sunday
May 5

Monday
May 6

Dr. Bacca
3 p.m

Tuesday
May 7

Wednesday
May 8

Thursday
May 9

Friday
May 10

Saturday
May 11

Dr. Bacca
4 p.m.

1. On which day did David originally make an appointment with Dr.

Bacca?
2. What did David say when he called Dr. Bacca's office to change his
appointment? Tell your partner.

Read the paragraph below and write sentences about the people. Use the
words in the box.
biological father
biological mother
stepfather
stepmother

stepsister
stepbrother
mother
father

son
daughter

In 1965, Namita and Ivan got married, and by 1971 they had two children,
Elizabeth and Alex. The couple got divorced in 1980, and each married someone
who already had a child. Namita married Jim, Aprils father. Ivan married
Tammy, Joels mother.

70

Quartet 4

4
E

Read the sentences, and answer the questions about the

expressions in bold.
1. In all my years as a clinical psychologist, I have never encountered an
eating disorder as difficult to treat as this one.
What word could replace encountered?
2. Most people experience some kind of fear. A fear of heights or darkness, for
example, is not out of the ordinary.
When would these common fears be considered out of the ordinary?
Describe situations in which the following normally ordinary fears might
require professional treatment:

fear
fear
fear
fear

of
of
of
of

dogs
drowning
heights
spiders

71

Quartet 4

4
What Do You Think?

The writer of the passage you are going to read is a social worker. What do
you know about the responsibilities of social workers? Mark the items that
you think are relevant.
Social workers
1. ___ help people get a place to live and a job.
2. ___ provide medical treatment.
3. ___ often visit people at home.
4. ___ have the authority to arrest offenders such as child abusers.
5. ___ help people with physical, mental, social, or emotional disabilities.
6. ___ help released prisoners get back into society.
7. ___ refer people to psychiatrists or psychologists.
8. ___ diagnose mental health problems.
9. ___ deal with social welfare problems.

C
D

Who do you think made the following statements, a social worker or her
client? Write S or C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

___
___
___
___
___

6.
7.
8.
9.

___
___
___
___

"Tears began to roll down my cheeks."

"I had never encountered a problem like this."
"I never expected the answer I was about to receive."
"She never showed up for her appointment."
"I began to research disorders in which people constantly pull out their
hair."
"She kept looking at her feet."
"I didn't quite understand what she was telling me."
"She mentioned her biological father."
"She must think I'm crazy."

Look at your answers in section B. When might a social worker say

something that we would normally associate with a client, and vice versa?
After reading the statements in section B, what do you think is the client's
problem? How did the social worker begin to look for a treatment for the
problem?

72

Quartet 4

4
Something to Read
Della's Problem
Part 1
1
I have been a social worker for a number of years. I have met many people and
heard about many problems: difficult relationships, drugs, alcohol, and
general unhappiness in everyday life. However, I had never encountered a
problem like Della's.
2
Della came to me when she was eighteen. Her parents had gotten divorced
when she was only ten. About six years later, Della's mother remarried. Shortly
afterwards, Della became very nervous. She felt she couldn't get along with her
new stepfather, no matter how hard she tried. Her doctor suggested that she
should make an appointment with me for counseling.
3
Della looked unclean, her hair was unwashed, her clothes were creased and
torn, and she was quite overweight. Another noticeable feature was the top of her
head, which was covered with very little hair. I didn't think this was out of the
ordinary. Some women lose hair, much as men do, at an early age.
4
Della and I met several times. We discussed her feelings about her biological
father, who had left home when she was just a young child. We discussed her
troubled teenage years. We talked of her feelings toward her new stepfather and
how she felt about living under the same roof as him.
5
In the middle of our ninth session, Della became very upset. I asked her what
was upsetting her so much. "In all the times we've met, we haven't even touched
on the most important problem I have," Della said tearfully. "I'm sorry, Della, but I
don't quite understand what you're telling me."

73

Quartet 4

4
What Do You Think Now?
Answer the questions
1. What effect did the first paragraph have on you? Were you
__ bored?
__ interested?
__ curious?
2. What problem does Della discuss with the social worker?
3. In the third paragraph, the writer describes Della. What does her messy
appearance tell you about her?
4. What do you think Della's most important problem is?
_____________________________________________________________

Something to Read
Part 2
1
Della continued, "You never once mentioned my hair."
"Della," I explained, "I didn't mention it because I assumed it was just a natural
part of you, like your height or the shape of your nose. Was I mistaken?"
Della immediately became angry. "Yes, you were wrong!"
"Della, what is the matter with your hair?" When I asked this, I never expected
the answer I was about to receive.
Della began shifting around nervously in her chair. She looked down at her feet,
brushed a piece of dirt from her pants leg and said, "At night, when I feel upset
and lonely, I go and sit on the floor of my closet." Della paused, took a deep
breath, and tears began to roll down her cheeks. I waited. "I have a small light
bulb in there, and I have a mirror. I touch the top of my head, and wherever I feel
hair, I pull it out."

74

Quartet 4

4
2
I had read about people who suffer from certain nervous disorders that cause
them to pull out their hair, but I didn't have any experience of helping someone
with this problem. Della continued to look at her feet as we sat in silence. Finally,
she said, "You think I'm crazy, don't you?"
"No, Della, I don't think you're crazy. I'm not sure how to help you yet. However, if
you give me some time, I'll find out all I can about your problem and come back
to you with an answer."
Della clearly felt better that she had finally been able to tell someone her secret.
I, however, was quite upset. I had completely missed the issue. I managed to put
my feelings of uncertainty aside and began to research the matter carefully.
3
I found articles in the library about trichotillomania, an uncommon disorder in
which people constantly pull out their hair. Fortunately, various forms of treatment
were available. I would present the possibilities to Della at our next session.
4
I found Della calmer and somewhat more cheerful than she had been. "So did
you find anything out?"
"Yes, Della, I did. I can refer you to a very good psychiatrist who will decide if
medication is an appropriate treatment for you."
Della was not pleased, but she took the phone number of the psychiatrist and
said she would call. We arranged a follow-up appointment, but she never showed
up.
5
Five years later, as I was shopping, I saw a woman who looked familiar. I
realized that it was Della. I hardly recognized her with her head of beautiful curly
brown hair. I smiled to myself and walked by.

75

Quartet 4

4
What Do You Think Now?
Answer the questions.
1. When Della finally began to discuss her problem openly, her body language
changed. Describe how.
2. Della waited until her ninth session with the social worker to raise the
subject of her hair. Mark the reasons for this below, and find evidence for
them in the passage.
a. _____ She was afraid the social worker would think she was mentally
disturbed.
b. _____ She didn't like the social worker.
c. _____ Her appearance didn't bother her.
d. _____ She was afraid the social worker would recommend psychiatric
help.
e. _____ She was afraid she would break down in tears.
f. _____ She knew that her hair was not her real problem.
3. Why did Della feel better after telling the social worker about her hair?
Why did the social worker then begin to feel upset?
4. Look again at the list of feelings and emotions on page 67. Write down five
that Della felt and five that the social worker felt. For each one, write a
phrase from the passage that explains your choice.
5. Do you think the social worker is a man or woman? Explain your answer.
6. Why wasn't Della pleased when the social worker gave her the psychiatrist's
phone number?
7. Do you think Della went to the psychiatrist? Explain your answer.
8. Why do you think the social worker walked past Della without greeting
her?
9. Do you think this is a true story? Why or why not?
10. Do you think, as Della did, that her hair was her most important problem?
Explain.

76

Quartet 4

4
Something to Write About
The story about Della does not give details about her life with her
stepfather. Fill in these details by writing a diary entry in which Della
describes her relationship with him and with her biological family.

Dear Diary,
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Della

77

Quartet 4

4
Language in Use
Adjectives ending in ed and ing
As she boarded the plane for her flight, Marie was more excited than she
could ever remember being. What could be more exciting than a first trip
abroad?

A
B

In the example above, which word describes how Marie felt? Which word
describes the trip that caused her to be excited?
Three friends have just come out of a movie theater. Complete their
conversation by changing the nouns in the box to adjectives. Use -ed
and -ing. There may be more than one correct answer.
amazement
annoyance
astonishment
Jamal:

boredom
depression
disappointment

fascination
frustration
interest

irritation
satisfaction
shock

After reading that horrible review in the newspaper, I was

(1)____________ that it was really a wonderful movie.

Thomas: The special effects were (2)____________, weren't they? I'm definitely
(3)____________ in seeing the movie again soon.
Carol:

But weren't you both (4)____________ by the lead actress? I thought

she was much better in her last movie. The British accent she used
was very (5)____________. If she couldn't get it right, she shouldn't
have taken the part.

Thomas: I actually wasn't paying much attention to her. I loved the action
scenes. I wasn't (6)____________ for a minute. Just when things
began to get dull, the director put in some (7) ____________ special
effects. For most of the movie, I sat with my mouth open,
(8)____________.
Jamal:

The only thing I found (9)____________ about the movie was the
admission price.

Carol:

Yes, I was (10)____________ when the cashier told me the

price. The (11)____________ part is that we're too old for student
prices and too young for senior citizen prices. How _____________ !

78

Quartet 4

4
Something More to Read
This month's Modern Life Magazine survey:

The Temper Test

Do you get red-hot angry at the smallest
things? Do you have trouble cooling off after
a fit of anger?
Take the Temper Test to see how high your
temperature can rise.
Mark a, b, or c:
1. Your brother borrows your favorite
jacket and returns it stained and torn.
You react by:
a) instantly calling him an irresponsible
slob and threatening to never lend
anything of yours to him again.
b) understanding that the damage was
not intentional and forgiving him.
c) being upset for a day but then
accepting his apology.

a) tell her what a terrible job she's doing

and call the manager to complain.
b) say "Thank you" a little coldly and
start to drink your drink.
c) point out that you waited 20 minutes
for your drink and hope she won't
forget to bring the dessert you're
going to order now.
3. As you sit on a crowded bus, the large
shoulder bag of a man standing next
to you is uncomfortably close to your
face. You decide to:
a) push the bag forcefully away and tell
the man to stay far away from you.
b) move as close as you can toward the
woman sitting next to you, without
invading her privacy, of course.
c) gently tap the man's shoulder and ask
him to try to hold his bag in a different
way.

2. You have been waiting twenty minutes

for the drink you ordered. When the
waitress finally brings it, you:

Temper Types
If your score was mostly "a"s, you're a Red Hot. If someone lights a match under you,
you'll blast off into outer space. If you want to preserve good relations with your
friends, relatives, and colleagues, you must learn how to cool off. Try counting to ten
next time. Remember that you're likely to regret half the things you say and do in your
fit of anger.
If your score was mostly "b"s, you're a Softie. Don't be too proud of controlling your
anger. By avoiding your angry feelings, you're just storing them all up. One day they
will explode like an over-inflated balloon. Someone may innocently step on your foot,
and you'll respond like a loaded cannon. Learn to feel comfortable expressing yourself
whenever someone angers you, even if your message may not be a pleasant one.
If your score was mostly "c"s, you are an Anger Ace. You know how to deal with your
anger in a healthy way. You know how to let it out in the right degree and stop before
you do or say something you'll regret. You control your anger; it doesn't control you.
Things and people will continue to annoy you, but you'll know when and how to let
your steam out at them.

79

Quartet 4

4
What Do You Think Now?

A
B
C

Write three questions for the survey in Something More to Read. Use the
same system for presenting the three solutions for each situation.

Swap surveys with a partner. Check your partner's answers, and calculate
your partner's temper type. Discuss the results together.

Do you agree with the temper type that your survey indicates? Use
examples to explain to your partner how well the description fits you.

Something to Talk About

Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. Surveys like the one in Something More to Read are popular among
teenagers. What do you think is the reason?
__________________________________________________________
2. Who do you think wrote this survey? Were professionals involved? How
scientific do you think the diagnosis is? Explain.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

80

Quartet 4

4
Something to Write About
Choose one of these topics.
1. Write a survey like the one in Something More to Read. Make your survey
about a different feeling or emotion, such as jealousy, patience, fear, guilt,
or affection. Write questions and three answer choices for each. Include
explanations of the personality types and recommendations.
2. You are a psychologist who writes an advice column in the newspaper.
You have received a letter from a person who cannot express anger.
Write an answer that gives the person advice. Mention the examples in
the person's letter, and recommend ways to improve the situation.

81

Quartet 4

Language in Use
Adjectives and Adverbs
We use adjectives to give more information about nouns (people, places,
and things).
Examples:
It's a nasty dog.
Della had a very serious problem.
We use adverbs to give more information about verbs (actions), adjectives,
and other adverbs.
Examples:
Someone may innocently step on your foot.
I was quite relieved to hear the news.
Della looked down rather nervously.

Complete this passage about hypnosis by circling the correct words.

Most people can be (1. easy / easily) hypnotized. People who are in a trance
may answer questions (2. automatic / automatically). They may also show
(3. strange / strangely) behavior. They might do things they would not
normally do while fully conscious, such as crowing (4. loud / loudly) like a
rooster. When they come out of the trance, they begin to act (5. normal /
normally) and may not even remember anything that happened during the
session.
When hypnosis is performed (6. good / well), it can be far more than an
(7. entertaining / entertainingly) show. Psychiatrists can use hypnosis to treat
a variety of (8. physical / physically), emotional, or (9. mental / mentally)
problems. If used (10. careless / carelessly), however, it can do more harm
than good.

How do different people react to animals? Use adjectives and adverbs to

give several examples.
Example: Children usually react excitedly when they are allowed to stroke
sweet baby animals.

82

Quartet 4

4
C

Fill in the correct adjective form in each sentence. Use your dictionary to
help you.
1. A person who feels anxiety is _______________.
2. An experience that gives pleasure is _______________.
3. A person who feels sympathy is _______________.
4. A movie that gives us great delight is _______________.
5. A person who does not have any patience is _______________.
6. A person who can show a great deal of affection is _______________.

Choose one of the following imaginary situations. Use adjectives and

adverbs to describe your feelings.
You have been planning a vacation for a long time. You are ready to
leave when something comes up. You must cancel all your plans and
put the vacation off for another few months.
You have a lot of work to do at your office. However, you must leave it
all to go to a doctor's appointment. Although you arrive on time, the
receptionist says that you'll have to wait at least an hour to see the
doctor.
Your best friend has just left the country for two years. Neither of you
can afford to visit the other or to make frequent phone calls abroad
during that time.

83

Quartet 4

4
Some More Words

With a partner, choose four of the groups of emotions below. For each
group, think of a situation in which you would feel all of the emotions in
the group, and write it down.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

B
C

curiosity, delight, and surprise

depression, sympathy, and disappointment
embarrassment, amazement, and confusion
irritation, discomfort, and worry
anticipation, impatience, and admiration
confusion, disbelief, and shock.

Choose a situation that you described in section A. With your partner, act it
out before the class. Your classmates must try to guess both the situation
and the feelings and emotions you display.

Rank the feelings from the weakest (1) to the strongest (3).
Use your dictionary to help.
1. ___ angry

___ furious

___ annoyed

2. ___ ecstatic

___ thrilled

___ delighted

3. ___ willing to

___ dying to

___ wouldn't mind

4. ___ hurt

___ deeply offended

___ insulted

5. ___ sick of

___ fed up with

___ tired of

6. ___ curious

___ interested

___ fascinated

Choose the strongest feeling in each row, and describe a situation in which
you might experience it.

84

Quartet 4

4
Project
Choose one project.
1. Collect photographs of people from magazines and newspapers. Choose
people who clearly illustrate a variety of emotions. For each photo, write a
imaginary description of the feelings and emotions of the person, as well as
the situation that led to those emotions. Include at least 10 photos.

2. Choose one of the topics below. Write a report on one aspect, such as
new research findings, common misconceptions, or unusual stories. Use
any relevant source for information encyclopedias, the Internet, books,
magazines, and newspapers. Make sure you mention your sources in your
report.

The Meaning of Dreams

Brainwashing
Telepathy
Intelligence

85

Quartet 4

4
What Did You Learn?
Facts:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Words:
Word

Meaning

86

Quartet 4

Something to Eat

5
Before You Start
"I do not like broccoli. And I haven't liked it since I was a little kid
and my mother made me eat it. And I'm President of the United
States and I'm not going to eat any more broccoli."
George Bush, U.S. President, 1980

"Health food makes me sick."

Calvin Trillin, American writer

Describe your own eating habits by filling out this nutrition survey.
Always Sometimes Never
1. Before I go food shopping, I make a list
of the things I need.
2. While grocery shopping, I read the labels
on the packages and cans of food.
3. I avoid grocery shopping when I'm hungry.
4. I avoid eating when I'm stressed or
frustrated.
5. I finish everything on my plate.
6. I try not to "eat on the move."
7. I eat a big breakfast.
8. I avoid adding salt to my food before tasting
it.

88

Quartet 4

5
Always Sometimes Never
9. I drink at least eight glasses of water per
day.
10. I eat no more than three servings of meat,
fish, eggs, beans, and nuts per day.
11. I steam vegetables rather than boil them in
water.
12. I limit coffee and tea to two cups a day.
13. I put no more than a teaspoon of sugar in
my coffee and tea.
14. I can enjoy eating a baked potato without
adding butter or sour cream.
15. When drinks and snacks are served on
airplanes, I leave the small packets of
salted peanuts unopened.
16. I avoid eating when I watch TV.
17. I rely on food, rather than vitamins, to keep
me healthy.
18. I am aware of how many calories I eat each
day.
19. I can easily say "no" to an offer of
chocolate.

B
C

Few of us are perfect eaters. Choose two items from the survey that present
a great deal of difficulty for most people. Choose another two items for
which most people are likely to answer "Always."
Using what you already know about food and nutrition, write explanations
for eight of the items on the survey.
Example: Item 17: Vitamins are not a substitute for food; people should only
use them as a supplement under a doctor's recommendation.

Write a one-paragraph introduction to the survey that explains its purpose

and encourages people to respond.

89

Quartet 4

5
What Do You Know?
Food Trivia Quiz
Test your knowledge about food! Choose answers from the box. For an
extra challenge, try to think of the answers without looking at the box.
0

bitter

cola

salty

20%

broccoli

honey

sour

25%

chamomile

ketchup

sweet

44%

chocolate

olives

vegetarianism

95%

ice-cream cone

rosemary

1. It's a known cancer fighter. It's also rich in vitamin C. In a small piece there
is more vitamin C than in two pounds (about a kilogram) of oranges.
2. People think it contains a large amount of caffeine, but a small piece
contains the same amount of caffeine as one cup of decaffeinated coffee.
3. It was invented at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis when a food stand ran
out of dishes and got help from a nearby waffle stand.
4. Its original color was green.
5. In an effort to cut its budget, an airline company stopped putting these in the
salads of its first-class passengers. The company saved $40,000 that year
as a result.
6. It is the only food that doesn't go bad.
7. The estimated percentage of Americans who go on a diet each year is
_______.
8. The estimated percentage of dieting Americans who fail to stay on their diet
each year is _______.
9. The taste to which humans are most sensitive is __________.
10. The percentage of people who think they have food allergies is _____.
11. Its name probably comes from the Chinese language.
12. The playwright George Bernard Shaw and the painter Leonardo da Vinci
had this characteristic in common. _______________
13. The herb that is mentioned as "for remembrance" in Shakespeare's Hamlet
is ____________.

90

Quartet 4

5
14. Tea made with this herb is supposed to help people relax and fall asleep.
15. Of the 44 nutrients needed to sustain human life, how many are provided by
sugar? ______________
16. One popular fad diet is a high-protein diet. In fact, proteins should make up
no more than this percentage of our daily calories. ______________
Bonus question
Which food is most likely to cause tooth decay?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

a slice of bread
potato chips
a chocolate bar
None of them is likely to cause tooth decay.
None is more likely to cause tooth decay than the others.

Quartet 4

91

5
Some Words
appetizers
bake
beverage
bland
boil
dessert
diet
fattening
fatty
fresh

fry
gain weight
go off a diet
go on a diet
greasy
ingredient
lean
lose weight
main course
menu

overcooked
preserved
pyramid
reduce
roast
rotten
side dish
spicy
spoiled
steam

saut
tasty
undercooked
utensil
weight
weight loss
willpower

Fill in the food pyramid with the food groups listed below. Do your own
eating habits match the arrangement of the food groups in the pyramid?

meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts

vegetables
bread, cereal, rice, and pasta
milk, yogurt, and cheese
fruits
fats, oils, and sweets

92

Quartet 4

5
B
C

Many people prefer fresh food to preserved food. What are the advantages
of each? What are the ways of preserving food so that it doesn't go bad?
Some foods, like potatoes, can be cooked in a variety of ways. Find out
about these different cooking methods. Which do you prefer? Which do you
think are the healthiest?
baking
boiling

frying
roasting

sauting
steaming

Each of the following dishes has a problem. If you need help understanding
the problem, use your dictionary.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

bland vegetables
undercooked rice
overly spicy chicken
an overcooked hamburger
fatty roast beef

1. For each dish, write a sentence that explains how you can avoid the
problem.
Example:
a greasy omelette
Use less butter or margarine when you fry the egg. Or: Don't fry the egg
in a lot of butter or margarine.
2. Which of the words above is the opposite of lean?

In many restaurants, the menus are divided into five sections. In what
order would you find the sections below? Number them from 1 to 5.
___
___
___
___
___

appetizers
beverages
desserts
main courses
side dishes

93

Quartet 4

5
F

In which section of a menu would you find each of these items? Some items
can go into two sections.
___ apple pie
___ baked veal
___ cappuccino

1.
2.
3.
4.

___ minestrone soup

___ rice
___ stuffed mushrooms

Which ingredients and cooking utensils do you need to prepare and serve
the following dishes? For help, look at the words in the box.
a
a
a
a
a

___ french fries

___ fried chicken
___ iced tea

bowl
chopping board
frying pan
glass
jug

a
a
a
a
a

knife
ladle
plate
pot
spoon

a
a
a
a
a

spatula
squeezer
stove
strainer
can opener

a salad ____________________________________________________
fresh orange juice ___________________________________________
a tuna fish sandwich ________________________________________
chicken soup ______________________________________________-

Do you know anyone who has gone on a diet to either lose or gain
weight? Was their diet successful? Why or why not, in your opinion?
How do you think people might keep their weight stable?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Many people blame their lack of willpower when they fail to lose
weight on a diet. What is willpower? In what situations might people
need willpower?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

94

Quartet 4

5
What Do You Think?
"Not only don't diets work, they're actually designed to fail. It's not you or your lack of
willpower that's the problem. It's that diets by their very nature simply don't work."
Bob Schwartz, a frustrated dieter

A
B

Do you agree with this statement? Discuss your ideas with your classmates.
"Before" and "After" photographs are one of the most familiar devices in
advertisements for diet programs. What idea is expressed in the pictures
below?

BEFORE

AFTER

1. Describe a typical Before and After advertisement.

The advertisement has two photographs.
They_______________________________________________
The photographs ______________________________________
The advertisement ___________________________________
2. Do you find such advertisement convincing? Why or why not?
________________________________________________

95

Quartet 4

5
C

Read the diets in the box. Which diet do you think would be the best
weight reducer? The worst? Give your reasons.

a. Eat three grapefruits a day. The juice in them will "melt" away extra fat in
your body.
b. Eat all you want each day, and spend a whole hour swimming or running.
c. Eat all you want on Sundays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and
Saturdays. Fast (don't eat anything) on Mondays and Thursdays.
d. Drink a specially prepared, tasty mixture before each meal that will allow
you to eat as much as you want without gaining weight.
e. Drink three large glasses of water with each meal.

With a partner, write a magazine, a radio or TV advertisement for

a dieting method.

96

Quartet 4

5
Something to Read
Miracle in a Glass
Part 1

Dieter's
Report
by Stuart Rich
Can you really lose unwanted
pounds without giving up
cookies, cake, and sweets?
Read on and find out!
Mr. M. had struggled with his
weight since he was a teenager.

"I wasn't very popular in high

school. I was always chubby,
my clothes never fit properly,
and I never went out on dates.
Feeling sorry for myself just
made me eat more and more."
One year ago, at age 38,
Mr. M. reached a turning point.
At five foot nine and two
hundred and eighty-eight
pounds, Mr. M. felt that the
time had finally come to
change his ways. The question
was how. The answer came in
an article in Diet Magazine. He

read about Dr. North, who

promised overweight people a
new chance in life.
"It was exactly what I was
looking for. Dr. North was the
answer to all my problems,"
Mr. M. said. "He gave me a
new lease on life. Here I am,
just one year later, and I weigh
only one hundred and forty
pounds. I've lost more than half
of myself in the past year - the
half I didn't need!"

Julia was sitting in the doctor's waiting room. She put down the magazine and
took another bite of her chocolate bar. She couldn't believe the kind of garbage
that was printed in those magazines. But, she had to admit, it was quite
interesting. It wasn't the first time Julia had heard about Dr. Norths new diet. As
both a journalist and someone who had always struggled with her weight, Julia
was curious about Mr. M.'s great success. She decided to investigate Dr. North's
diet more closely and perhaps write her own article about it.
Julia spoke to the editor of The Network Daily, the newspaper she wrote for, and
asked to travel to California to cover the story. As soon as she got the green light,
she called Dr. North's office to arrange an interview with the man himself. He was
more than happy to be interviewed.
When Julia arrived at the posh Beverly Hills office building, she was amazed at
the luxurious surroundings. She was told that the doctor's office was on the top
floor. When the elevator doors opened, Julia found herself in a magnificent office.
The carpeted waiting room was filled with big leather couches and mirrors
everywhere. On one wall was a poster showing Dr. North himself. Actually, it
showed two pictures: a "before" and an "after" shot. Julia was shocked. It looked
like two different people. Dr. North had been huge. And now he waswell, thin.
And extremely handsome. As Julia stood staring at the "after" picture, a man
moved in between her and the poster. She looked up. There stood the real-life
Dr. North!

97

Quartet 4

5
What Do You Think Now?
Answer the questions.
1. After reading the article in her doctor's waiting room, Julia decides to
write an investigative news story about Dr. North. How do you think her
story will be different from the one she read in the magazine?
2. Julia wanted to meet Dr. North for two reasons. What are they?
3. Articles like the one about Mr. M. are often placed in magazines back-toback with recipes for rich, fattening meals and desserts. What does this say
about the readers of the magazines? What does it say about the companies
that advertise diets?

Something to Read
Miracle in a Glass
Part 2
"Hello, Julia. Welcome." Julia couldn't help staring. Dr. North was even more
gorgeous in real life.
"You are Julia Carter, the journalist for The Network Daily, arent you?" he asked.
Julia turned red, realizing that she was standing with her mouth open. "Uh, yes,
yes, I am Julia Carter. It's a pleasure to meet you," she stammered and shook his
hand.
"Won't you come into my office?" Dr. North said. He turned and walked through
an ornate wooden door. Julia took a deep breath and followed. Dr. North sat
down in a plush leather chair and motioned for Julia to take one of the other
stylish, comfortable chairs across from him. "Before we begin, Julia may I call
you Julia?"
"Yes, of course," Julia coughed a bit.
"Julia, before we begin, may I offer you a drink?" he asked.
"That would be wonderful. I am a bit thirsty," she replied.

98

Quartet 4

5
Before Julia could blink, in walked a gorgeous woman with the longest pair of
legs Julia had ever seen. Julia wished she had put on a nicer dress or
something. With all these thin, beautiful people around, she was beginning to
feelwell, ugly. The woman was carrying a tray with a large glass of a white
liquid.
"Your drink, Ms. Carter," the woman said.
"Thank you," Julia said and took the drink from the woman. Julia brought the
glass to her lips and took a sip. It was the most delicious drink she had ever had.
She took another sip and another until she had drunk the entire glass. "I must
have been thirstier than I thought," she smiled, feeling a little embarrassed.
"Well, Julia, you have just tasted what has made thousands of people skinny!"
Dr. North said.
"Really?" Julia said. "How could something so delicious make me skinny?"
"I obviously cannot tell you the contents of the drink. However, now that you have
had that glass of our special diet nectar, you can eat whatever you want. Your
body will not absorb any of the calories. The extra fat on your body will begin to
melt away. You won't even have to exercise! Just drink one glass before every
meal for a month, and you will be skinny in no time. To keep your weight stable,
all you need to do is drink one glass every week for the rest of your life. Think
about it, Julia. It's a miracle in a glass!"
Julia couldn't believe it. Could it be true? Was it this easy? If so, this was the
greatest invention in the world. She was ecstatic, thrilled, and overcome with joy.
This was the answer for her and for millions like her. "Dr. North, I want to sign up
for your program today!"
"Julia, relax, of course you can sign up," he smiled.
"I want to write the article tonight and take it to the newspaper tomorrow. I'll call
the article 'Dr. North, Miracle Man of the Twenty-First Century,'" Julia said.
"That is most flattering, Julia. The publicity would be wonderful."
"Doctor" Julia said.
"Yes, Julia?" Dr. North answered.
"How do I sign up?" Julia was anxious to begin.

99

Quartet 4

5
"If you have a credit card, we can charge you for the first month's supply of the
diet nectar, and you can begin right away." Dr. North's grin grew wider.
As Julia looked through her wallet for her credit card, she asked, "Oh, how much
does one month's supply cost?"
Dr. North looked at her. "Julia, how important is losing weight to you?"
"What do you mean?" Julia didn't quite understand the question.
"Why are you asking me about cost?" The doctor was getting a little annoyed.
"Well, it's just that I am on a budget and..." Julia began.
"Julia, if this is important to you, you will find the money. The cost is one hundred
dollars a glass for the diet nectar. A small price to pay for happiness and a slim
body."
Julia quickly calculated out that at that price, she would be paying three hundred
dollars a day. Multiplying that by thirty for the first month's supply, she calculated
that she would have to come up with nine thousand dollars, plus another hundred
dollars a week after that. Absurd!
"Dr. North, I cannot afford the diet. How can anyone?"
"Anyone who is serious about losing weight would not ask that question. I have
an appointment now. Lucille will see you out." And with that, Dr. North got up and
walked out.
Five minutes later, Julia found herself outside on the street. "Do I need to spend
most of my hard-earned salary for the rest of my life just to lose weight?" she
asked herself. It seemed crazy.
When Julia got home, she sat at her computer and wrote an article. Her conclusion appears in the last paragraph of her article. "Maybe Dr. North is the miracle
worker he claims to be, or maybe he just forces us to look at our own behavior
and at what's most important to us. I, for one, think I need to start eating sensibly
and exercising. I'll leave the miracles to the few who can pay to see them happen!"

100

Quartet 4

5
What Do You Think Now?

The author uses a variety of words and phrases to show how impressive
Dr. North and his surroundings are.
1. List the expressions that the author uses for this purpose.
2. Which adjectives in the box could you use to describe the staff in Dr. North's
office, the rug, the view from the window, and the paintings on his walls?
attractive
dazzling
extravagant

famous
loyal
splendid

sublime
superb
velvety

3. Use the adjectives you chose in question 2 to write three sentences

that you could add to the story.

B
C

Why did Julia stammer when she greeted Dr. North? At what
other point in the story does her self-confidence slip? Why?

Which information about Dr. North's diet is missing in the article about
Mr. M.? Check the boxes.

D
E

the
the
the
the

method
creator
results
ingredients of the diet nectar

the advantages
the cost
the disadvantages
the place where Mr. M.
found out about the diet

Write the first paragraph of Julia's article in which she refers to her
experience in Dr. North's office.

With a partner, write a dialog between Dr. North and his assistant
after Julia leaves his office. The dialog reveals his views about his meeting
with Julia and his plans for the rest of the day. Present your dialog in class.

101

Quartet 4

5
F

Choose one of the following dieting methods, and write an article or

advertisement about it like the article on Mr. M.
Hint: Don't say too much about the dieting method. The readers will
have to sign up to get specific details.

eating combinations of foods

taking diet pills
fasting according to a plan

Prepare a debate on the question "Wonder Diets: Yes or No?" with your
partner.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Procedure:
Choose the side you want to defend.
List all the possible arguments in favour of your side.
Think about how to present the arguments in the most convincing way.
Try to anticipate your partner's arguments, and think of ways to respond.
Set a three-minute time limit for the debate. Each of you has one and a half
minutes to speak.

Something to Talk About

Discuss food habits with your partner. Think about these questions:

What do you consider good eating habits? Why?

Do you both agree?
How many meals do you eat a day?
What is your favorite food?

102

Quartet 4

5
Language in Use
Time clauses give information about time and sequence.
These words introduce time clauses:
after
as soon as

before
once

the moment
till

until
when

Examples:
When Alicia finishes school, she will get a job.
Until Terry finishes school, he won't get a job.
Bert will help us when he finishes eating.

Underline the time clauses in these sentences.

1. Before you begin the diet, you will have to buy Dr. North's special
drinks.
2. When I'm ready to start making the bread, I'll turn on the oven.
3. As soon as you remove the baking tray from the oven, you'll need to
cut the brownies into squares.

Complete these sentences. Pay attention to the verbs.

1. As soon as you go off a fad diet, ______________________.
2. When Julie writes her article, _______________________________.
3. After people sign up for Dr. North's new diet, ___________________.
4. When you leave, ________________________________________?
5. You'll get your dessert the moment _________________________.
6. The class won't understand the story until _________________.
7. As soon as we get to the doctors office _______________________.
8. Before you go out, _____________________________________?
9. I'll fix the computer as soon as ______________________________.

103

Quartet 4

5
Something More to Read
Rich, Delicious Chocolate Brownies
Yield: 24 brownies
Ingredients:
3/4 cup (about 200 g.) unsalted butter*
2/3 cup unsweetened cocoa
2 cups sugar
1 tbs. vanilla extract
4 eggs
1 1/4 cups flour
1 tsp. baking power
a pinch of salt
1 cup chopped walnuts
*You can substitute margarine if you like.

Method:
Preheat the oven to a moderate heat (350 degrees F, or 180 degrees C).
Melt the butter in a small pot.
Combine the cocoa with the sugar and vanilla in a large bowl. Mix them
together well.
When the butter has melted, add it to the cocoa mixture and mix until blended.
Add the eggs one at a time. Continue to beat for about 2 minutes with an electric mixer or
3 minutes by hand.
Next, sift the remaining dry ingredients (except the nuts) into a separate bowl. Then add
the nuts to the dry ingredients.
Finally, add the dry ingredients gradually to the cocoa mixture, and mix by hand until they
are fully absorbed. The batter will be thick.
Pour the batter into a greased 10 x 15 inch (26 x 38 centimeter) baking tray.
Bake for 35-40 minutes. The brownies will develop a crust on top, but they will not be
entirely dry underneath.
As soon as you remove the baking tray from the oven, cut the brownies into squares and
allow them to cool completely in the tray. Remove them with a spatula after they have
cooled.

g. = grams

Abbreviations
tbs. = tablespoon

104

tsp. = teaspoon

Quartet 4

5
What Do You Think Now?

Why are the following steps necessary?

1. preheating the oven
2. greasing the baking tray before pouring the batter into it
3. letting the brownies cool in the baking tray

Fill in the chart with words from the recipe.

Utensils
pot

Activities
preheat

What are all the "dry ingredients" in the recipe?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Look at the connecting words below. Which appear in the brownie recipe?
afterwards
as soon as
before
eventually

next
finally
first
then

after
until
while
when

105

Quartet 4

5
Something to Write About
Choose one of these topics.
1. Write out one of your favorite recipes.
List the ingredients.
Describe the method clearly.
Use connecting words to link the instructions.
2. "My mother's menu consisted of two choices: take it or leave it."
Buddy Hackett
Write an essay in which you:
describe the mistakes made by adults in developing good eating habits in
their children.
give examples of the results of those methods.
recommend better methods.

106

Quartet 4

Language in Use
Polite Requests
Just as we expect efficient and polite service from waiters and waitresses when
we eat in restaurants, they expect a reasonable degree of politeness
from us, the guests.
A polite request or complaint can begin in a number of ways.

Excuse me, could you

Would you please
I'm sorry to bother you, but I'd...
Would it be possible...

I'd appreciate it if
I'm very sorry, but I think
Do you mind
Perhaps you could

With a partner, write polite sentences for each of these situations.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

You want more ice in your water.

You need directions to the restrooms.
You see a mistake on your bill.
Your soup is cold.
You've been waiting twenty minutes for the main course you ordered.
The rare steak you ordered is overcooked.
The waitress brought sugar rather than the artificial sweetener you
requested.
8. The music in the restaurant is annoyingly loud.

107

Quartet 4

5
Some More Words
Write sentences according to the instructions below. You can use the words
in the box or other words you've learned.

Adjectives to
describe food:

delicious, fattening, sour, sweet, unsweetened

Adjectives to
describe people:

obese, overweight, slender

Cooking words:

boiled, fried, batter

Dieting words:

miracle, diet, starvation, gain, lose, melt

Menu words:

appetizer, beverage

Ingredients:

caffeine, herbs

Meals:

breakfast

Occupations:

dietician

1. Write a sentence that gives advice about nutrition.

2. Write a question for a waiter in a restaurant.
3. Write a criticism of fad diets.
4. Recommend something good to eat.
5. Encourage a friend to stay on a diet.
6. Write a statement that a doctor or dentist is likely to make.
7. Describe something you don't like to eat.
8. Describe an eating habit you'd like to change.
9. Describe a situation in which some people tend to overeat.
10. Give advice for people who go shopping for food.

108

Quartet 4

5
Project
Choose a project.
1. What is the history of pizza? Write about its origins, and include interesting
stories about the dish. What different kinds of styles are there? Add a list of
pizza trivia.
2. Find out whether there is physiological and medical evidence that humans
are "programmed" to eat mainly seeds, nuts, berries, and roots rather than
animal protein. Write a summary of your findings.

What Did You Learn?

Facts:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

109

Quartet 4

5
Words:
Word

Meaning

110

Quartet 4

Appendix
List of Irregular Verbs
Infinitive

Past Simple

Infinitive

Past Simple

be
beat
become
begin
bite
blow
break
build
burn
buy
can
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
find
fly
forget
forgive
get
give
go
have
hear
hide
hit
hurt
keep
know
lay
lead
lean
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lose

was/were
beat
became
began
bit
blew
broke
built
burned/burnt
bought
could
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dug
did
drew
dreamed/dreamt
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
found
flew
forgot
forgave
got
gave
went
had
heard
hid
hit
hurt
kept
knew
laid
led
leaned
learned
left
lent
let
lay
lit
lost

send
set
show
sing
sleep
slide
smell
speak
spend
spill
stand
steal
strike
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
tread on
understand
wake up
wear
win
wind
write

sent
set
showed
sang
slept
slid
smelled
spoke
spent
spilled
stood
stole
struck
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
trod on
understood
woke up
wore
won
wound
wrote

111

Quartet 4

Index of Language Review

Adjectives
and Adverbs
Comparatives and Superlatives
Ending in ed and ing
Adverbs
Clauses
Result: so...that, such...that
Time
Connecting words
although, yet, despite, unlike
Contrast: however, on the other hand, despite
Result: so, as a result, consequently
Gerunds, with objects
Prefixes
ensuperRequests, polite
Vocabulary focus
Animals
Fame
Food
Mind and Emotions
Travel

113

82-83
37
78
82-83
58
103
17-18
52-53
52-53
33
6-7
26
107
2-20
22-40
88-110
64-86
42-61

Quartet 4