BENGKEL KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK 2015

Combined Science 5129

TURNING EFFECT
OF FORCES
MOMENTS

LEARNING OUTCOMES

MOMENT
The turning effect a force on an object.

Opening
a Door

Playing on a
Sea-Saw

Turning a Tap

MOMENT
A moment of force will rotate an object in a
clockwise or anti-clockwise direction about a fixed
position (pivot or centre of rotation).

Clockwise
Moment

Anticlockwise
Moment

MOMENT
Moment of a force is a vector quantity.

MOMENT

= FORCE

distance to pivot
ANTICLOCKWISE
MOMENT

Force

PERPENDICULAR
DISTANCE FROM
FORCE TO PIVOT

distance to pivot
CLOCKWISE
MOMENT

Force

The SI unit of Moment of a force is the Newton-metre (Nm)

PRINCIPLES OF MOMENTS
When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise
moments about the pivot is equal to the sum of the
anticlockwise moments about that same pivot.

TOTAL CLOCKWISE
MOMENTS

TOTAL ANTICLOCKWISE
MOMENTS

CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING EQUILIBRIUM SCENARIO

distance for F

distance for F

distance

Force A

for FB

distance

for FC

Force B

TWO ANTICLOCKWISE MOMENTS

created by Force A and Force B

TOTAL ANTICLOCKWISE
MOMENTS

Force C

Force D

TWO CLOCKWISE MOMENTS

created by Force C and Force D

TOTAL CLOCKWISE
MOMENTS

(FA x dA) + (FB x dB) = (FC x dC) + (FD x dD)

PRINCIPLES OF MOMENTS
Identify the pivot first.
Identify & label the clockwise forces and its
distances to the pivot.
Identify & label the anticlockwise forces and its
distances to the pivot.
Use brackets ( ) for each moments.
Be careful with your maths!

EXAMPLE EXERCISE 1
5129/02/M/J/11 Q12

Fig. 12.1 shows a spanner being used.

A moment of 30 Nm is needed to tighten the nut.

Calculate the force applied to the spanner.

EXAMPLE EXERCISE 2
5129/02/M/J/12 Q4

(a) State the units of the moment of a force.

(b) Fig.4.1 shows a spanner being used to undo a bolt.

The force needed to undo the bolt is smaller when a spanner

with a longer handle is used. Explain why.

EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3
5129/22/M/J/14 Q6

A boy on a diving board is shown in Fig.6.1.

The boy weighs 500 N and stands
1.5 m from the pivot.
The clockwise moment of the boys
weight about the pivot is equal to
the anti-clockwise moment of the
force F about the pivot.
(a) Force F is 0.30 m from the pivot. Calculate force F.

EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4
5129/12/M/J/13 Q30

A uniform beam is pivoted at its midpoint. An object is placed on the

beam as shown. Which force and position will balance the system?

20 N acting downwards, 40 cm to the right of the pivot

20 N acting upwards, 40 cm to the right of the pivot

50 N acting downwards, 10 cm to the left of the pivot

50 N acting upwards, 10 cm to the left of the pivot

EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
5
5129/22/O/N/11 Q3
A metre rule is pivoted at its centre of gravity.
A weight of 8.0 N is suspended from the rule at a distance of 0.20 m
from the pivot, as shown in Fig.3.1.
The metre rule is held horizontally by means of a stretched spring that
is 0.40 m from the pivot.

(a) State the principles of moments.

EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
5
5129/22/O/N/11 Q3
A metre rule is pivoted at its centre of gravity.
A weight of 8.0 N is suspended from the rule at a distance of 0.20 m
from the pivot, as shown in Fig.3.1.
The metre rule is held horizontally by means of a stretched spring that
is 0.40 m from the pivot.
(b) Calculate:
(i) the moment of the 8.0 N
weight about the pivot

EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
5
5129/22/O/N/11 Q3
A metre rule is pivoted at its centre of gravity.
A weight of 8.0 N is suspended from the rule at a distance of 0.20 m
from the pivot, as shown in Fig.3.1.
The metre rule is held horizontally by means of a stretched spring that
is 0.40 m from the pivot.
(b) Calculate:
(ii) the force exerted on the
metre rule by the spring.

EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
6
5129/22/O/N/12 Q17
A bar is placed on a pivot and blocks of m1 and m2 are placed on
the bar, as shown in Fig.17.1.

The bar is horizontal.

The distances d1 and d2 of the blocks from the pivot are shown in Fig.
17.1.
The masses and their distances from the pivot may be changed so
that the bar stays horizontal, tips clockwise or tips anticlockwise.

EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
6
5129/22/O/N/12 Q17
Fig.17.2 shows the bar tipping anticlockwise.

Different masses m1 and m2 and distance d1 and d2 are shown in

Table.17.1.
Complete Table 17.1 by stating whether the bar is horizontal, tips
clockwise or tips anticlockwise. The first line has been completed for
you.

EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
6
5129/22/O/N/12 Q17
Complete Table 17.1 by stating whether the bar is horizontal, tips
clockwise or tips anticlockwise.
The first line has been completed for you.

PRACTISE QUESTION
Complete the following questions in pairs.
5129/22/O/N/14 Q6

Remember to raise your hands if you need help with

the question.