Chromatin- resulting DNA-protein complex that condense to form chromosomes.

Euchromatin is a lightly packed form of chromatin (DNA, RNA and protein) that is rich in gene concentration,
and is often (but not always) under active transcription. Euchromatin comprises the most active portion of the
genome within the cell nucleus. 92% of the human genome is euchromatic. The remainder is
called heterochromatin.
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA. Play a role in the expression of genes.
Targeting cancer has had limited success due to the diverse nature of cell lineages with adaptive advantages that
can collectively over-ride cellular checkpoints, leading to uncontrolled growth and proliferation
The basic building blocks of chromatin are nucleosomes that are composed of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped
around an octamer containing two each of four core DNA packaging proteins histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA
(mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
The discovery of chromatin sparked a surge of interest in the scientific community to understand the impact of
the condensed structure of DNA-histones on gene regulation.
1. A nuclease is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits
of nucleic acids.
The work also demonstrated that generation of hypersensitive and resulting sensitivity to nucleases is the
outcome of conformational change within the condensed chromatin
Many laboratories have utilized high resolution chromatin mapping to explain nuclease sensitivity of chromatin
Genetic screens carried out by Stern and colleagues in 1984 provided the first glimpse of these complex events
during the course of discovery of the SWI/SNF complex, which turned out to be an essential regulator of
mating-type switching in the yeast
Biochemical purification of the SWI/SNF complex was independently carried out in several laboratories,
leading to the presence of an ATPase enzymatic activity in the complex
Wu and colleagues demonstrated that the generation of hypersensitive sites requires a concerted interaction
between the DNA binding GAGA transcription factor and an ATP-dependent NURF remodeling complex
MTA1 gene (Protein Coding)
A proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a specific organism
oncogenesis: the induction or formation of tumors
Metastasis, or metastatic disease, is the spread of a cancer
The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)- lack a tongue and a visible ear. Xenopus embryos are large and
easily manipulated, and moreover, thousands of embryos can be obtained in a single day.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast. a single-celled eukaryote