Psyc Term Paper

PSYC1013
BS ECE 1-1
GENERAL
CHAPTER
II:
PSYCHOLOGY
BIOPSYCHOLOGY
TOPICS:
PAGE
NAMES
1 Definition of Biopsychology ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Monique Anuat

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
2 Neurons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mariel Campomanes
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
3 Transmission of Nerve Impulse: Action Potential -------------------------------------------- Roi Apolinario
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
4 Synapse and Synaptic Connection -------------------------------------------------------------- Ma. Clariz Viene A. Eguia
-------------------------------------------------------------- 60
5 Reflex Action --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ma. Clariz Viene A. Eguia
-------------------------------------------------------------- 60
54
6 Types of Neurons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Monique Anuat

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
7 Neurotransmitters --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Monique Anuat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
8 Connectors ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Monique Anuat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
Central Nervous System
9 The Brain and Its Parts ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Mariel Campomanes
----------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
10 Layers of the Brain --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Roi Apolinario
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 66
11 Lobes of the Brain ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Andrew Angelo Cario
-------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
12 Spinal Cord ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ma. Clariz Viene A. Eguia
---------------------------------------------------------------- 68
Peripheral Nervous System
13 Somatic System -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ma. Clariz Viene A. Eguia
--------------------------------------------------------------- 68
14 Cranial Nerves --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Monique Anuat
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
15 Spinal Nerves ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mariel Campomanes
----------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
55
Effectors
16 The Muscular System ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mariel Campomanes
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72
17 The Glandular System ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Andrew Angelo Cario
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
18 Receptors --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Andrew Angelo Cario
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
19 Eight Major Sensations ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Roi Apolinario
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 76
Dr. Evangeline de Jesus

OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
56
To discuss what is
Biopsychology;
To show the divisions, parts

and functions of the nervous
system;
Understanding what is
Biopsychology;
Considering biopsychology
To discuss the bodily

processes and behavior;
To explain the voluntary and
Definition of Biopsychology
Biopsychology- defined
psychology that
paragraphs with a minim
investigates the
of five sentences each.
divisions, parts, and
interaction of biology,
functions of the nervous
behavior, and
system;
Analyzing the bodily
environment
Feldman considered
the body; and
behavior; and
Identifying the bases for
neuropsychology, because
traced to biological factors
Essay
Question: Discuss
as neuropsychology;
Classifying the important
biopsychology as
psychological disorders be
(see appendix; pp. 92)
biopsychology in two
processes together with its
To discover the causes of
PowerPoint Presentation
as the specialization in
involuntary functioning of
voluntary and involuntary

functioning of the body.
the importance of the

nervous system in
controlling behavior has
so that appropriate treatment
impacted on the
can be effectively applied.
biological underpinnings
of behavior
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
57
To discuss the meaning of

neuron and its relation to
biopsychology;
To know the importance of
Discussing the Neuron;

Knowing the significance of
neuron in Biopsychology;
Identifying the different
of the nervous system.

PARTS OF NEURONS
o Soma/cell body
Contains the nucleus,
parts of the neuron and how
neuron;
To determine the different
it works;
Determining and locating
the parts of the neuron

Explaining how chemical
parts of neuron and its

function;
To locate the parts of the
messages were received by
neuron;
the dendrites from other
To explain how the dendrites

receive chemical messages
from other neurons;
To determine how the axon

transmits an electrochemical
signal to other neurons;
neurons;
Identifying how the
electrochemical signals were
transmitted by the axon to
the other neurons;

Knowing how
Neurons
The basic structural unit
78)
form of chromosomes
that provides nourishment
and insulation.
o Dendrites
Receives chemical
messages from other
neurons.
o Axon
Transmits an
electrochemical signal to
converted, by the axon
over a considerable
ending converts
ending, into chemical
distance.
electrochemical signal
messages that
INTENDED OUTCOME
(see appendix; pp. 93-96)

Discussion
Quiz (see appendix; page
genetic material in the
other neurons, sometimes
OBJECTIVES
PowerPoint Presentation
which in turn contains the
electrochemical signals were
To know how the axon
TOPIC
STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
58
into a chemical message
will travel to the other
that will travel to other

neurons;
To know the difference

between the axon and the
dendrites;
dendrites and the axon
will travel to the next
ending;
Explaining how messages
sheath helps the axon in
sheath from short-circuiting
preventing messages from
one another;
To know the other names of

the axon ending; and
chemical messages that
are prevented by the myelin
To know how synapse

works.
signal is converted into
characteristics of the
To explain how the myelin
short-circuiting one another;
neuron;
Determining the different
o Axon Ending
The electrochemical
names of the axon ending;

and
Explaining the use of the
synapse.
neuron.
o Myelin sheath
Is covered with a thin
fatty tissues and protein
cells that protects
themselves around the
axon in preventing
messages from shortcircuiting one another.
o Synapse
A very tiny gap between
the axon ending and the
dendrite of the next
neuron.
o Glial cells
It holds the neuron in
place.
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
59
To explain and define what
is nerve transmission;
To discuss how nerves send
messages;
To understand the important
role of ions in nerve
transmission ;
To discuss the steps in
nerve transmission; and

To distinguish resting
Analyzing how neurons send
messages electrochemically;
Identifying the two ions that
transmission;
Discovering the principles
transmission;
Understanding nerve
in the resting potential of the
the other body systems.
INTENDED OUTCOME
(see appendix; pp. 97-
Short Quiz (see appendi

page 79)
105)
plasma membrane in the
transmission and its function
PowerPoint presentation
millivolts).
o GRADED POTENTIAL: A
graded potential is a change
in our body; and

Correlating nerve
of a neuron (at about 70
governing nerve
transmission with those of
OBJECTIVES
unstimulated, polarized state
is responsible for nerve
potential, graded potential

and action potential.
Nerve Transmission
o RESTING POTENTIAL: the
response to a stimulus.
FOUR STEPS OF NERVE
TRANSMISSION
Action Potential
Polarization
Hyperpolarization
Repolarization
TOPIC
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ASSESSMENT
60
To explain what happens in
a synapse;
To explain the importance
Examining the process of a
synapse;
Analyzing the nerve
of the nerve junction
junctions significance
between neurons;
To locate and discuss the
between neurons;
Identifying the components
parts of the structural
connection of a synapse;
of neural transmission;
To explain reflex action and
the difference between
of a synapse;
Analyzing the importance
of neural transmission;
Identifying reflex action;
Distinguishing the
difference between
responses; and
of sensory and motor

neurons to reflex action.
OBJECTIVES
responses; and
Examining the sensory and
Synapse and Synaptic

Connection:
o Presynaptic neuron
Brings in the
information signal.
o Synaptic gap
Where the information
of the structural connection
To discuss the importance
is transferred from the

presynaptic axon to the
PowerPoint presentation (see
appendix; pp. 106-108)

Discussion
Video watching about a
Short Quiz (see append

pages 80-81)
synapse:
o 5. Synapse Structure and
Function:
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=rWrnz-CiM7A
dendrite of the
postsynaptic neuron.
o Postsynaptic neuron
Carries the
informational weight to
other neurons
Reflex Action
Automatic, involuntary
motor neurons significance
response to incoming
to reflex action.
stimuli.
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
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ASSESSMENT
61
To discuss the different

types of neuron;
To discuss the sensory

neuron;
To define receptors;
To show the different parts

where there are more
specialized neurons;
To discuss the motor

neuron;
Understanding sensory
neuron;
Understanding the
importance of receptors;
Knowing the parts where
there are more specialized
neuron carry impulses;

Understanding the
Neurons
Carry impulses away from the
importance if effectors;
Understanding the function
of interneuron; and
Analyzing the difference of
To discuss white matter and
matter.

pages 82-83)
brain and spinal cord to the

effectors.
o Interneurons (Association,
Central, Adjusting, or
Pseudopolare)
Receive impulses from the
sensory neurons and carry
gray matter.
OBJECTIVES
pp. 109-110 )
initiated by receptors to the
white matter and gray
PowerPoint (see appendix;
They transmit impulses

spinal cord and brain
o Motor (Efferent or Multipolar)
and
Neurons
Sensitive to non-neural stimuli.
neurons;
Understand how motor
To define effectors;
To discuss the interneuron;
Types of Neurons
o Sensory (Afferent or Bipolar)
impulses to other interneurons
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62
To discuss neurotransmitter;
To discuss connectors ; and
To show the diagram of the
of neurotransmitter;
Knowing that they are
Neurotransmitter
chemical that carry
synapse to the dendrite or
nervous system and
cell body of a receiver

neuron. They are important
behavior;
of connectors; and
Identifying the relationship
structures of the nervous


pages 82-83)
messages across the
important link between the
relationship of the
system.
link between the nervous
of the structures of the
system and behavior

Connectors or Nervous
Systems
mechanisms that integrate
nervous system.
receptors and effectors

causing an individual to
respond as a coordinated
organism
Central Nervous System
serves link the sensory and
motor fibers within the
nervous system
OBJECTIVES
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63
To discuss the Brain and its

definition;
To determine the different
Explaining the definition of
the brain and its functions;

parts of the brain and its
parts of the brain and its

functions;
To locate the different parts

of the brain;
To know why brainstem is
different parts of the brain;
responsible for body

coordination;
To explain how midbrain
muscle movements and

balance;
Knowing how the thalamus

distributes incoming and
outgoing impulses;

Discussion

page 84)
and voluntary movement.

o Corpus Callosum
The bridge of fibers
between the two cerebral
hemispheres;
PowerPoint Presentation (see
emotion, consciousness,
thinking, and other

Determining why corpus
sensing, thinking, learning,
passing information
To identify how cerebellum
The Brain
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
o Cerebrum
This is responsible for
responsible in sensing,
callosum is important
the hindbrain;
helps the body to have fine
Explaining why cerebrum is
unconscious functions;
divides the forebrain and
functions;
Identifying and locating the
hemispheres.
o Thalamus
The relay center for cortex
and it distributes incoming
and outgoing impulses.
o Hypothalamus
regulating basic biological
needs.
To know how amygdala is

involved in emotion and
aggression;
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
64
To know why the
hypothalamus helps the
by the Reticular formation
body to regulate biological
is related to sleep in arousal
needs;
Analyzing how
hippocampus works for our
To explain how the medulla

regulates large unconscious
movement;.
the stimulation that is

carried by the Reticular
higher level of the nervous

system;
that is responsible for

learning and memory.
o Pituitary Gland
The so-called, Master Gland
that regulates other endocrine
glands/ system.
o Amygdala
The part on the Limbic System
that is involve in emotion and
aggression.
o Midbrain
This divides hindbrain and
glands in the body are
forebrain and is responsible for
responsible in sensing,
regulated by the Pituitary
sensory, motor, auditory and
thinking, and other
gland
Knowing why brainstem is
To explain why corpus
being responsible for body
callosum is important
coordination;
Explaining how the

hemispheres;
formation
Explaining how the other
o Hippocampus
The part of the Limbic System
To know why cerebrum is
unconscious functions;
learning and memory skills;

Knowing why the sleep and
arousal state is related to
To discuss how the pons

connect the lower and
Analyzing how the
stimulation that is carried
state;
vision.
o Pons
This is a bridge between lower
and higher level of the
Nervous System
forebrain and the
To know how the thalamus

distributes;
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
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65
incoming and outgoing
hindbrain are divided by the
impulses;
To explain how the
helps the body to have fine
hypothalamus helps the
muscle movements and
body to regulate biological

needs;
To discuss how
and
aggression;
Identifying how the

medulla regulates large
To explain how the pituitary
unconscious movements;
gland regulates other glands

in the body.
balance;
Knowing how amygdala is
involved in emotion and
hippocampus works for our

learning and memory skills;
midbrain;
Analyzing how cerebellum
and
Explaining how the pons

connect the lower and
higher level of the nervous
system.
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
o Medulla (Oblongata)
regulating largely
unconscious functions,
o Reticular Formation (Reticular
Activating System/ Center)
The group of fibers that
carry stimulation related to
sleep and arousal state via
brain stem.
o Cerebellum
This part coordinates fine
muscle movement and
balance.
o Brainstem
body coordination and/or
movement.
TOPIC
STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
66
To discuss the three

protective layers of the
brain;
To list down the different
Identifying the layers of the
brain;
Identifying the functions of
these layers of the brain;
protective layers of the
brain ;
To know the location of the
and
Knowing the important role
of the meninges in
different protective layers
protecting the brain from
of the brain;
To distinguish the
damage.


page 85)
spinal cord and is

responsible for keeping in
the cerebrospinal fluid.
o ARACHNOID
Is interposed between the
two other meninges, the
more superficial and much
thicker dura mater and the
characteristics of each
Layers of the Brain:

o DURA MATER
Surrounds the brain and the
deeper pia mater, from
layer; and
To tell the importance of
which it is separated by the

subarachnoid space.
o PIA MATER
Is the delicate innermost
the protective layers of the

brain.
layer of the meninges, the

membranes surrounding
the brain and spinal cord.
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
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ASSESSMENT
67
To discuss the cerebral
cortex and its lobes;

To show the cerebral cortex
and its lobes;

To describe the structure of
the four lobes;

To explain the different
functions of the lobes;

To relate the functions of
Learning the cerebral

cortex, together with its
Lobes of the Brain:

o Frontal Lobe is located at the

Essay
Direction: Make an essay
lobes;
Illustrating the cerebral
front of the brain and is
about the functions of the
associated with reasoning,
lobes of the brain consisting
cortex, together with its
motor skills, higher level
three paragraphs with five
cognition and expressive
sentences.
lobes;
Identifying the functions of
the four lobes;

Correlating the function of
language.
o Parietal Lobe is located in
the middle section of the brain
the lobes with the different
the lobes with sensations;
senses; and
To know the problems
and is associated with
and
Pointing out the problems
processing tactile sensory
caused by the damaging of
caused by the damaging of
the lobes.
the lobes.
information.
o Temporal Lobe is located on
the bottom section of the brain
and is associated with memory,
language skills and interpreting
sounds.
o Occipital Lobe is located at
the back portion of the brain
and is associated with
interpreting visual stimuli and
information.
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
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ASSESSMENT
68
of the spinal nerves in
of spinal nerves in neural
neural transmission;
transmission;
Classifying the four regions
To discuss the functions of
of the spinal column
the four regions of the

spinal column;
To point out the difference
ventral root;
To differentiate the spinal

cord and spinal column;
difference;
Examining the effects of
lesion in spinal nerves;

Distinguishing the spinal
cord and spinal column;

Identifying the components
of the Peripheral Nervous
To discuss the components

of the PNS; and
To explain the effects of

lesion in spinal nerves;
according to function;
Analyzing the dorsal root
System; and
Analyzing the difference
Spinal Cord
Huge rope-like segment of
nerve tissue extending

Discussion

page 86)
column (backbone).
Four Regions of the Spine:
o Cervical
Neck
o Thoracic
Chest/trunk
o Lumbar
Lower back
o Sacral
Pelvic
Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)
o Somatic System
Sends voluntary
messages from the
To point out the difference
between the cranial nerves
Central Nervous
between the cranial nerves
and spinal nerves.
System to the skeletal

muscles.
and spinal nerves.
OBJECTIVES
downward the vertebral
and ventral roots
between the dorsal root and
Examining the significance
INTENDED OUTCOME
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STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
69
To discuss cranial nerves
To discuss the twelve pairs

of nerves
To define olfactory nerve
To define optic nerve
To define oculomotor nerve
To define trochlear nerve
To define trigeminal nerve
To define abducens nerve
To define facial nerve
To define vestibulocochlear
nerve
To define glossopharyngeal
nerve
To define vagus nerve
To define spinal accessory
OBJECTIVES
Understanding cranial
nerves
pairs of nerve
Understanding olfactory
nerve
Understanding optic nerve
Understanding trochlear
nerve
Understanding trigeminal
nerve
Understanding abducens
nerve
Understanding facial nerve
Understanding
vestibulocochlear nerve
Understanding
glossopharyngeal nerve
Understanding vagus nerve
Cranial nerves- serve as

sensory nerves for vision,


pages 82-83)
audition, olfaction, and

gestation
o Olfactory nerve
smell
o Optic nerve
vision
o Oculomotor nerve
eyelid and eyeball
movement
o Trochlear nerve
superior oblique and turns
o
o
o
o
eye downward and laterally

Trigeminal nerve
chewing
Abducens nerve
turns eye laterally
Facial nerve
facial expressions
Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
nerve
INTENDED OUTCOME
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70
To define hypoglossal nerve
Understanding spinal
accessory nerve
Understanding hypoglossal
nerve
hearing and balance

sensation
o Glossopharyngeal nerve
taste and senses carotid
blood pressure
o Vagus nerve
senses aortic blood
pressure, slows heart rate,
stimulates digestive organs,
and taste
o Spinal accessory nerve
controls trapezius and
swallowing movements
o Hypoglossal nerve
tongue movements
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
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ASSESSMENT
71
To discuss the Spinal Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Serve as sensory and motor
Nerves and its importance in
body.
our body.
nerves for shoulder, chest,
Distinguishing the relation
trunk, and upper and lower
To explain the relation of
spinal nerves in
of spinal nerves in
biopsychology.
biopsychology.
To identify the two major
To analyze how the
Classifying the two major

subdivisions of the spinal
nerves and its functions.
and its importance in our
subdivisions of the spinal
Determining the Spinal
nerves and its functions.

Analyzing the processes in
sympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous
works.
System.
To know why the
Knowing why the
is called as a fight-or-flight
is called as a fight-or-flight
response.
response.
To analyze how the
Analyzing the process in
Parasympathetic Nervous
Parasympathetic Nervous
System works.
System.
Knowing why PNS is called
To know why the

parasympathetic nervous
system is called as a house-

Discussion
Quiz (see appendix; pag

87)
extremities.
TWO MAJOR
SUBDIVISIONS OF SPINAL
NERVES:
o Sympathetic Nervous System
(SNS)
The fight-or-flight
response because it
prepares the internal organs
or glands to impel the
person to respond to
stressful and emergency
situation.
o Parasympathetic Nervous
System
The house-keeping
subdivision.
as a House-keeping
response.
keeping response.
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
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ASSESSMENT
72
To discuss the Muscular

System.
To identify the three types
Identifying the Muscular
System.
Classifying the Three Types
of Muscles.
of muscles.
To locate the three types of

muscles.
To discuss the difference
the Three Types of Muscles.
To know what Striated

muscle is and its functions.
To identify what Unstriated
Explaining the striated
muscle and its functions.

Knowing the unstriated
muscle and its function.

Determining the cardiac
To discuss what Cardiac
muscle and its functions.
To illustrate the Three

Types of muscles.
Differentiating the Three

Types of Muscles.
between the Three Types of

Muscles.
Determining and locating
Illustrating the Three Types
The Muscular System

THREE TYPES OF
MUSCLE:
o Striated Muscles
Responsible for

Discussion
Quiz (see appendix; pag

88)
movements of the
appendages, bones, trunk,
head, jaw, etc.
o Unstriated Muscles
Located on the walls of the
digestive, tract, arteries,
veins, uterus, bladder, etc.
o Cardiac (Heart) Muscle
A special type of muscle
located in the heart.
Responsible for contraction
and relaxation.
of Muscles.
Analyzing how the Three

Types of Muscles work.
To analyze how the Three

Types of Muscles work
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
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ASSESSMENT
73
To discuss the glandular
system.
To define gland.
To know the different
Understanding glandular
system.
Understanding the meaning
functions of the glands.

To identify the glands and
of gland.
the role they play in the
functions of the glands.

Naming the glands and the
human body
To distinguish differentiate
glands from endocrine
3.) Sebaceous Gland a gland that
glands.
Knowing the location of the
secretes an oily substance for skin
exocrine glands and the
scaly.
fluids they secrete.

Identifying the endocrine
4.) Mammary Gland a gland that
location, the hormone(s)
glands and stating their
produces milk in all female mammals
they secrete, the actions of
location, the hormone(s)
and generally non-functional form in
the hormones and the
they secrete, the actions of
male.
diseases brought about by
the hormones and the
5.) Gastric Gland a gland tha is
the hormone deficiencies.
diseases brought about by
found in the surface of the stomach.
fluids they secrete.

To name the endocrine
glands and state their
the hormone deficiencies.

pages 89-90)
2.) Salivary Gland a gland that

around the mouth and throut.
exocrine glands and the
outer part of each socket of the eyes.
body
Differentiating exocrine
endocrine glands.
To state the location of the
secretes tears and is found in the upper
secretes saliva and is found in and
1.) Lacrimal Gland a gland tha
role they play in the human
exocrine glands from
Glandular System
o Exocrine System (duct glands)
protection from getting dried and
o Endocrine System (ductless

glands)
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
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74
Correlating the function of
1.) Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) a
glandular system with those
the glandular system with
pea-sized gland that regulates many
of the other body systems.

To tell how hormone works
those of the other body
key function
systems.
Understanding hormone
2.) Thyroid Gland a gland that has
To relate the function of the
in the body.
two lobes and is found in the lower
and describing how it works part of the neck just below the larynx.
in the body.
3.) Parathyroid Gland a gland that
partially embedded in posterior
surface of the thyroid gland.
4.) Adrenal Gland a gland that is
located on top of each kidneys.
5.) Pancreatic Gland (Islet of
Langerhans) a gland found just
posterior to the stomach and attached
by a duct to the intestinal tract.
6.) Gonadal Glands a gland that is
found in testes (in males) and ovary
(in females).
OBJECTIVES
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ASSESSMENT
75
To discuss receptors.
types of receptor.
To distinguish difference
Learning about receptors.

types of receptors.
Differentiating these three:
between these three:
exteroceptor, proprioceptor
exteroceptor, proprioceptor
and interoceptor.
Knowing the importance of
receptors.
Understanding how
and interoceptor.
To tell the importance of
receptors
To explain how different
different sense organs
sense organs receive

information from the
environment.
sense organs.
To use this knowledge for
receive information from
the environment.
sense organs.
Applying this knowledge
for the future.
the future.
OBJECTIVES
Receptors are specialized

structure of the sense organs


pages 89-90)
which are sensitive to the

particular stimuli.
o Exteroceptors
Receptors for:
Vision
Audition
Olfaction
Gustation
Tactile/Cutaneous
o Proprioceptors
Receptor for:
Static
Kinesthetic
o Interoceptor (Organic)
INTENDED OUTCOME
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76
To discuss the eight major
senses
To know the different sense
organs in the body

To define sensation
To distinguish sensation
from perception
To tell the function of every
Identify the eight major
senses
Knowing the purpose of the
focus and detect images of
different sense organs

organs that is responsible
in the retina of each eye.

o HEARING/AUDITION: is the
for sensation.
Analyzing how sense
organs work
Knowing the importance of
sense organ
sense organs
8 Major Senses
o SIGHT/VISION: is the


page 91)
capability of the eye(s) to

visible light on photoreceptors
ability to perceive sound by

detecting vibrations
o SMELL/OLFACTION: is
mediated by specialized
sensory cells of the nasal
cavity of vertebrates, which
can be considered analogous to
sensory cells of the antennae of
invertebrates.
TASTE/GUSTATION: refers
to the capability to detect the
taste of substances such as
food, certain minerals, and
poisons, etc.
OBJECTIVES
INTENDED OUTCOME
TOPIC
STRATEGY
ASSESSMENT
77
TOUCH/TACTILE: is a
perception resulting from
activation of neural receptors,
generally in the skin including
hair follicles, but also in the
tongue, throat, and mucosa.
BALANCE/VESTIBULAR: is
the sense that allows an
organism to sense body
movement, direction, and
acceleration, and to attain and
maintain postural equilibrium
and balance.
PROPRIOCEPTION/KINEST
HETIC: provides the parietal
cortex of the brain with
information on the relative
positions of the parts of the
body
INTEROCEPTION: is "any
sense that is normally
1 The basic structural unit of the Nervous System is called
stimulated from within the
a Neuron
b. Brain
c. Lungs
d. Psychology
body". These involve
2 Part of a neuron that contains the nucleus, which in turn contains the genetic
numerous sensory receptors in
material in the form of chromosomes that provides internal
nourishment
and
organs, such as stretch
insulation.
receptors that are
a brain
b. Dendrite
c. Soma/ cell body neurologically
d. Axonlinked to the
Answers:
3 It is hard to distinguish from the dendrites.
brain.
a. axon 1 A
b. myelin
c. dendrites
d. brain
4 Thin fatty
and protein cells that protects themselves around the axon
2 tissues
C
in preventing
3 A messages from short- circuiting one another.
a Myelin sheath b. Dendrites c. Axon
d. Glial cells
4
A
5 A Greek word meaning glue.
5 B
a Myelin
b. Glial
c. Axon
d. sheath
Quiz: Neurons
78
TOPIC: NERVE TRANSMISSION

1. A neuron has a polarized membrane, which means it is relatively positive on the outside of the membrane to relatively negative on the inside. Which of the following creates
this opposite charge characteristic of a neuron's membrane?
a. sodium ions on the outside and proteins on the inside
b. sodium ions on the outside and potassium ions on the inside
c. sodium and potassium ions on the outside and proteins on the inside
2. When a neuron is depolarized, the gated channels of the membrane open to allow __________ to enter the neuron. A neuron becomes hyperpolarized when the gated
channels of the membrane open thus allowing __________ to exit the neuron
a. K +; Na +
b. Na +; K +
c. Na +; protein
3. A resting membrane is measured at __________ while a depolarized membrane will measure at __________.
a. +30 mV; 70 mV
b. 70 mV; +30 mV
c. 0 mV; 70 mV
4. __________ is the term used to describe the movement of potassium ions to the outside of a neuron, and __________ is the term used to describe excess potassium ions
moving to the outside of a neuron.
a. Repolarization; hyperpolarization
b. Hyperpolarization; depolarization
c. Polarization; hyperpolarization
5. During repolarization, the sodium channels are closed. How does this affect a neuron?
a. The neuron cannot respond to new stimuli.
b. The neuron becomes more sensitive to new stimuli.
c. It does not affect the neuron; it can still respond to stimuli.
Ans. a, b, b, c, c
79
TOPIC: SYNAPSE AND SYNAPTIC CONNECTION

1. ___________ is a nerve junction in which the nerve impulse passes through in order to reach its final destination.
a. Synapse
b. Axon
c. Receptor site
2. Are tiny bubbles of chemicals
a. Vesicles
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Mitochondria
3. Are the chemicals inside the tiny bubbles
a. Vesicles
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Mitochondria
4. Special place on the cell membrane of the next neuron that are like little locks.
a. Axon
b. Dendrite
c. Receptor Sites
5. Space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic endings.
a. Vesicles
b. Axon
c. Synaptic gap
Answer Key: 1.) A 2.) A 3.) B 4.) C 5.) C
80
TOPIC: REFLEX ACTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
_______ are automatic, involuntary responses to incoming stimuli.

a. Reflex arc
b. Reflex action
c. Neuron
What are the components of reflex arc?
Afferent
a. Sensory
b. Motor
c. Interneuron
Efferent
a. Sensory
b. Motor
c. Interneuron
_______ are electro-chemical impulses transmitted to the spinal cord up to the brain.
a. Sensory-motor arc
b. Withdrawal reflex
c. Stimuli
Answer Key: 1.) B
2.) sensory neuron; motor neuron,
interneuron, sensory receptors and effector
3.) A 4.) B
I.
NAME
1.
2.
5.) C
TYPES OF NEURON
OTHER TERM
4.
5.
MEANING / FUNCTION
7.
8.
81
3.
6.
II.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
III.
9.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND CONNECTORS

Write the meaning of Neurotransmitters.
Write the meaning of Connectors
What is the other term for connectors?
What is an effectors?
What is a receptors?
Give at least four connectors.
CRANIAL NERVES
NERVE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
FUNCTION
82
ANSWERS:
I.
TYPES OF NEURON
NAME
1. Sensory Neuron
OTHER TERM
4. Afferent or Bipolar
2. Motor Neuron
5. Efferent or Multipolar
3. Interneuron
MEANING / FUNCTION
7. Sensitive to various non-neural stimuli
- transmit impulses initiated by receptors to the spinal cord
and brain
8. -Carry impusles away from the brain and spinal cord to the
6. Association, Central, Adjusting or Pseudopolare
effectors
9. - Receive impulses from the sensory neurons and carry
impulses to other interneurons
II.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND CONNECTORS
7. Chemical that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite or cell body of a receiver neuron. They are important link between the nervous system and behavior
8. Mechanisms that integrate receptors and effectors causing an individual to respond as a coordinated organism which act as a response over efferent or motor neurons
9. Nervous System
10. Muscles and glands which act as a response over efferent or motor neuron
11. Specialized structures of the sense organs which are sensitive to the particular stimuli
12. Acetylcholine, Nor-epinephrine, Glutamate, Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid, Dopamine, Serotonin & Endorphins
1CRANIAL
The massive
soft, spongy, mottled nervous tissue and pinkish-gray in color
NERVES
found inside the skull.
NERVE
FUNCTION
a
Neuron
b.
Brain
c.
Lungs
d.
Psychology
1.Olfactory
Smell
2 Part of a brain that is responsible for sensing, thinking, learning,
emotion,
2.Optic
Vision
consciousness, and voluntary movement.
3.Oculomotor
Eyelid and eyeball movement
III.
4.Trochlear
Superior oblique and turns eye downward and laterally
a. Cerebrum
b. cerebellum c. thalamus
d. hypothalamus
5.Trigeminal
Chewing
Answers:
6.Abducens
Turns eye laterally
3 The relay center for cortex and it distributes incoming and outgoing
impulses.
7.Facial
Facial expressions
b
Vestibulocochleara. Corpus1callosum
Hearing
and balance sensation
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
d. Brainstem
Glossopharyngeal
Taste and senses carotid blood pressure
2 a
4 The part of
the
Limbic
System
that
is
responsible
for
learning
and
Vagus
senses
aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs, and taste
3 c
Spinal Accessory memory.
Controls trapezius and swallowing movements
4
a
Hypoglossal
a hippocampus b. thalamus c. pons
d. brainstem Tongue movements
5 gland.
b
5 The master
b Endocrine gland
Quiz: The Brain
b. Pituitary gland
c. thalamus
d. pons
83
TOPIC: LAYERS OF THE BRAIN

1. The meninges cover the __________.
a. Brain
b. spinal cord
c. brain and spinal cord
2. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the layers of meningeal membranes beginning with the brain and going to the skull?
a. pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
b. pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
c. dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
3. Associated with the anterior fontanel of a newborn, the parietal and frontal bones are separated. There is a membrane covering the exposed area that one can feel if one
touches the fontanel area lightly. This membrane would be the __________ mater.
a. Pia
b. Dura
c. Arachnoid
4. What is the space between the dura and the arachnoid mater?
a. Subdural space
b. Subarachnoid space
c. Cerebrospinal fluid
5. It is the general term for the three protective layers of the brain.
a. Arachnoid
b. Meninges
c. Tissue
Ans. c, b, b, a, b
Answers:
6
7
8
9
b
a
c
a
10 b
84
TOPIC: SPINAL CORD

1. __________ composed of a series of bones called vertebrae.
a. Spinal cords
b. Spinal column
c. Spinal nerves
2. The root that brings the sensory nerve.
a. Square root
b. Dorsal root
c. Ventral root
3. The root that brings the motor nerve.
a. Square root
b. Dorsal root
c. Ventral root
4. _________ consists of the nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to the other parts of the body.
a. Peripheral Nervous System
b. Central Nervous System
c. Sympathetic Nervous System
5. _________ a part of the Peripheral Nervous System that sends voluntary messages from Central Nervous System to the skeletal muscles.
a. Autonomic system
b. Somatic system
c. Soma
Answer Key: 1.) B 2.) B 3.) C 4.) A 5.) B
85
Quiz: Spinal Nerves
1. It serve as sensory and motor nerves for shoulder, chest, trunk, and upper and
lower extremities.
a. Spinal Nerves
b. Brain
c. Lungs
d. Psychology
2. The nerve fibers that is, the nerve fibers make connections and specialized
clusters of neurons termed ganglia.
a. Sympathetic Nerous System
b. Parasympathetic Nerous System
c. Soma/ cell body
d. Spinal
3. Structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by
synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.
a. fibers
b. myelin
c. nerves
d. ganglia
4. The fight-or-flight
Answers:response
a.Sympathetic Nervous System b. Parasympathetic Nervous System
1 a
c. ganglia
d. Nerve
a
5. The2house-keeping
response
a.Sympathetic
Nervous System b. Parasympathetic Nervous System
3 d
c. ganglia
d. Nerve
4 a
5
86
Quiz: Muscular system
1. Responsible for movements of the appendages, bones, trunk, head, jaw, eyes,
etc.
b Striated muscles b. Brain
c. unstriated
d. Cardiac muscles
2. Muscles found in the heart.
a.Striated muscles
b. Brain
c. unstriated
d. Cardiac muscles
3. Muscle that is responsible for contraction and relaxation.
a.Striated muscles
b. Brain
c. unstriated
d. Cardiac muscles
4. Located on the walls of the digestive, tract, arteries, veins, uterus, bladder,
etc.
c Striated muscles b. Brain
c. unstriated
d. Cardiac muscles
Answers:
5. Skeletal, striped or voluntary muscles
a Striated muscles b. Cardiac muscles
c. Unstriated muscles
1
a
d. Brain
2 d
3 d
4 c
5 a
87
I.
GLANDULAR SYSTEM
Fill the table:

A. Exocrine System
Glands
Location
Fluid Secreted
Glands
Location
Hormones Secreted
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Endocrine System
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
II.
RECEPTOR
Answer the following:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is receptor?
Give and explain the three types of receptors.
Enumerate the primary senses.
Enumerate the secondary senses.
What are the General Conditions of Sensory Processes? Explain.
88
ANSWER KEY:
I.
GLANDULAR SYSTEM
A. Exocrine System
Glands
1.Lacrimal Gland
2.Salivary Gland
3.Sebaceous Gland
4.Mammary Gland
5.Gastric Gland
B. Endocrine System
Glands
Location
upper outer part of each socket
in and around the mouth and throut
beside the hair roots
in the chest
in the stomach
2.Thyroid Gland
3.Parathyroid Gland
4.Adrenal Gland
Location
bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the
brain
lower part of the neck just below the larynx
psurface of the thyroid gland
on top of each kidneys
5.Pancreatic Gland
6.Gonadal Glands
posterior of the stomach

in the sex organs
1.Pituitary Gland
Fluid Secreted
tears
saliva
sebum
milk
gastric juices
Hormones Secreted
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH, ADH, Oxytocin
Triodothyronine, Thyroxine, Calcitocin
PTH
Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Cortisol,
Androgen, Estrogen, Adrenaline, Noradrenaline
Glucagon, Insulin
Testes: Testosterone
Ovary: Estrogen and Progesterone
89
TOPIC: 8 MAJOR SENSES

1. Rods and cones of the eye are __________.
a. Nociceptors
b. Proprioceptors
c. Photoreceptors
2. In order to initiate an action potential regarding olfaction, which of the following must occur first?
a. The olfactory bulbs must be activated.
b. The synaptic areas within the brain must be activated.
c. The molecules of the vapor must dissolve in the mucus that covers the nasal epithelium.
3. The vestibular apparatus is involved in maintaining equilibrium. The vestibular apparatus consists of the __________ and the __________.
a. vestibule; semi-circular canals
b. eyes; inner ear
c. vestibule; cochlea
4. As sound waves travel through the ear canal, they cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate and in turn cause the ossicles to also vibrate. Which of the following is the correct
sequence of the ossicles going from the tympanic membrane to the oval window?
a. incus, malleus, stapes
b. malleus, incus, stapes
c. stapes, incus, malleus
5. Gustatory cells are located __________.
a. within the taste buds
b. within the papillae of the tongue
c. on the surface of the papillae of the tongue
Ans. c, c, a, b, a
90

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PSYC1013

1 Definition of Biopsychology ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Monique Anuat

6 Types of Neurons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Monique Anuat

Dr. Evangeline de Jesus

To show the divisions, parts

To discuss the bodily

To explain the voluntary and

paragraphs with a minim

of five sentences each.

divisions, parts, and

functions of the nervous

the body; and

traced to biological factors

(see appendix; pp. 92)

processes together with its

To discover the causes of

voluntary and involuntary

the importance of the

so that appropriate treatment

can be effectively applied.

To discuss the meaning of

To know the importance of

Discussing the Neuron;

of the nervous system.

parts of the neuron and how

To determine the different

the parts of the neuron

parts of neuron and its

To locate the parts of the

messages were received by

the dendrites from other

To explain how the dendrites

To determine how the axon

the other neurons;

converted, by the axon

ending, into chemical

(see appendix; pp. 93-96)

Quiz (see appendix; page

genetic material in the

other neurons, sometimes

which in turn contains the

electrochemical signals were

To know how the axon

into a chemical message

will travel to the other

that will travel to other

To know the difference

dendrites and the axon

will travel to the next

sheath helps the axon in

sheath from short-circuiting

preventing messages from

To know the other names of

chemical messages that

are prevented by the myelin

To know how synapse

signal is converted into

To explain how the myelin

short-circuiting one another;

names of the axon ending;

To explain and define what

nerve transmission; and

Analyzing how neurons send