Scribd Logo
Încărcați

Bine ați venit la Scribd!

  • Chidinma DC Water Project

    Încărcat de

    Chip Chase
    116 vizualizări31 pagini
    Student Work from DC Water Project

    Drepturi de autor

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formate disponibile

    PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd

    Vi se pare util acest document?

    Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

    Raportați acest document
    Student Work from DC Water Project

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    116 vizualizări31 pagini

    Chidinma DC Water Project

    Încărcat de

    Chip Chase
    Student Work from DC Water Project

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 31
    Name: Chidinma Lantion Period: B oe _DC Water Project Part: Project Design Instructions: Complete the basic outline of your project. Eventually this will be written more formally, but for now you can fill out this graphic organizer. 1. Whoare your team members? Jennifer Lam, Daniel Flores, and Douglas Pineda are my group members. 2. Who in your group will bring in water from their house? Iwill be collecting the water we will be testing for the project. 3. Where do they live? (house, apartment, ete. and location in city) Ilive in a house connected to another in deanwood. 4, Howwill you collect your sample? Write out your procedures. Be sure to include how you will rinse the sample bottle, etc. os Step1 | Geta collection bottle from ms.megillen. Step 2 | Take the bottle home and rinse it three times with kitchen sink water. Step 3 | Whenrinsing fill about an inch of water, close the bottle, and gently shake it. Step 4 —_| Repeat step 3 at least two more times. Step5 | Fill the entire bottle with kitchen sink tap water. Step 6 Retum the bottle to school. Step7 | Testthe water for iron, water hardness,copper,chlorine,pH, and lead using instructions provided by teacher. Step8 — | Cleanwork space and make sure all water and materials are properly disposed. step9 | Record all information and observations in a data table. Step 10 | Analyze data and compare it to another person's data. 5. Remember you will be testing for the following parameters: iron, water hardness, chlorine, Bacteria, pH, nitrates, copper, lead. DEFINE and RESEARCH how each parameter gets into water. IRON tron gets into water in many ways. By making up five percent of the earth's crustit is very ‘commonly found throughout the world. One of the most common ways is its ability to seep into the soil because it's so common. Another reason it is found in water is because many household pipes are made out of the material and over the course of time the process of erosion has greater effects. According to the EPA the MCL for ironis 0.3 mg/l. High iron levels can lead to metallic tasting water, and a reddish stain on things like clothes or dishes. There are traces of bacteria in lead that are not deadly not not the best if constantly digested . Source: ‘http/Aww.epa.govinrmrlwswrd/cr/corr_res_iron.htm! hitp/water.epa.govidrink/contaminants/ WATER HARDNESS ‘Water hardness is mainly caused by the amount of calcium and magnesium found in the water. Calcium and magnesium are commonly found in minerals like rocks. So when the water passes over these rocks the minerals are being absorbed into the water increasing the water hardness. DC's tap water ranges from 70 to 120 ppm which is classified as moderately hard. The level of water hardness has no health effects but can make simple tasks involving water a hassle. Like removing the spots on your dish or the stain on your shirt. Source’ y r-research. lex, i hard-water-t bttpv/iww.dewater.comwaterqualityfags.cim bttpv/www2.ca.uky.eduwkrec/Hardness,htm CHLORINE Chlorine is added to the water as a disinfectant during DC's water treatment process. But more commonly chloramine is being used to reduce the amount of disinfection byproducts in the water. The MCL for chlorine is 4 mg/l. DC has had an average of being 3.0-3.4 mgf in their water. ‘Source: ht r, ality/fac http v/water.epa.govidrink/contaminants/ hitp:/mw.dewater,com/wate rine. BACTERIA ‘There are many differents kinds of bacteria that can be found in water. Such as coliform bacteria, which is present in all animal as well as human waste. They are also present in plant and soil minerals. This can end up in water through runoff. When it rains and the soil from large fields or gardens end up in the water it causes high levels of bacteria. The MCL for coliform bacteria is 5 percent. DC's water has an average of 1 percent, well below the required amount. High amounts of coliform can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. it can cause serious health risk for infants, young children, and people with weak immune systems. Source: /wvater.epa.govidrink/contami wow. health.ny.govienvir eld Jiform_bacteri pH (Acids/Bases) Waters pH is suppose to be at seven or fairly close. Waters ph determines its solubility and biological ability, meaning how can animals or plants survive in the environment. According to the EPA the water needs to be from 6.5-8.5 to follow regulations. DC's water has had an average of being between 7.4-7.8 meeting the standards. ‘Source: ter,usas.govleduiph.htm! bttp:/water.epa.govidrink/contaminants/ y f.comwaterqualityicorrosion NITRATES Nitrates are mainly used in fertilizers. it can get into the water supply from runoff from fertilizer use; leaking from septic tanks, sewage; and erosion of natural deposits. According to the EPA the MCL for nitrate is 10. High levels of nitrate can cause infants below six months to become seriousiy ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. ‘Source: COPPER Copper is mainly used to create the pipes throughout your house. When exposed to high levels of copper you can experience gastrointestinal distress, and with long-term exposure may experience liver or kidney damage. The MCL for copper is 1.3 mg/l. DC's has kept an average of 100 ppb. ‘Source: mt ead er.cfm http:/Avater.epa.govidrink/contaminants/basicinformatior/copper.cfm#Uses for copper. LEAD Lead can enter the water supplies in many ways. The most common way is because of the materials making up your pipes and service system. if your home was built before 1987 there is a high chance your your pipes are made of lead. ‘The MCL for lead is zero, action level is 0.015 mg/L High levels of lead can lead to a damaged to the brain and kidneys, and interfere with the production of red blood cells. pregnant high levels can affects child brain development. Scientists have linked the effects of lead on the brain with lowered IQ in children.Adults with kidney problems and high blood pressure can be affected by even low levels of lead. When Lead is consumed it can be stored in the bones and released later in life. DC's average is less than 5 ppb. Source: http vAwater, it i ‘bttp/Amww.dewater.comwaterqualitylead_copper.cim https/mww.dewater.comilead/ unacce} 6. HYPOTHESIS: Which parameters do you think will be the highest (or in the ptable range)? Write your hypothesis in “If, Then, and Because.......” form. levels lf we test the tap water from my kitchen sink then water hardness will have the highest because DC's water reports has had high levels constantly throughout the year. Parti: Data Collection Instructions: Measure the amount of each parameter in your water and make a data table to record your findings, Remember the parameters are iron, water hardness, chlorine, Bacteria, pH, nitrates, copper, lead. DATA TABLE jen Sink tap water results Kit Oppm Water Hardness 150-200 ppm Chlorine Oppm Bacteria Not present pH 7 Nitrates Oppm Copper Oppm Lead Not present Partill: Analysis ‘Choose what you want to analyze (compare other data in your class or compare data from a similar neighborhood). How will you compare your data (with others in your class or with others in your neighborhood)? Iwill look at the class data sheet and look at their results then compare it to mine. 1, How does your data compare to the other data you analyzed? Is your water “better” or ‘worse"? Explain why with evidence from your data. This should be an extended response. Our group collected water from my house which is in Dean Wood where no one else in the class lives. So instead of comparing my data to someone in my neighborhood | will do the group closest to mine which is the Navy Yard and Michigan Park. | think my water is better than both of their water because Navy Yard's water has both lead and bacteria present in their water while ours has none. Then Michigan Park has 5 ppm of nitrates and ours had zero. Michigan park also had higher water hardness levels at 250 ppm while ours is 200 i i 2. What are some reasons that your data may show the results that it did? (For example if you found lead - do you have old lead pipes?, etc.). At the end of the experiment iron, chlorine, nitrates, and cooper all had Oppm. While there was no lead present in the water. | think this was the case because in the water treatment process they remove things like iron and nitrates with chlorine or a similar substance to remove the things that end of in the water through a natural process. Even though chlorine was commonly used to disinfect the water they have now switched over to other chemicals that do the same thing. Like chloramine for example whichis a mixture of chlorine and ammonia so it reduces the amount of disinfectant byproducts left in the water. I believe there was no presence of copper or lead on the water because my home was builtin the 1990's which was after when they stopped using lead and copper to make the pipes in the home in 1987. The water hardness in our water sample was 150-200 ppm. Iwas expecting this because DC tap water reports have always had high water hardness resus. The pH of our water was a high six or a 7 which was expected. None of my results were unexpected because DC tap releases reports every year and they are always in the same range. There is no bacteria present in our water. 3. Was your hypothesis supported or rejected? Explain. My hypothesis was supported because our water was very hard at 150-200. I thought that because de water always reports to have very hard water and low levels in all of me other Parameters | thought the trend would continue in our class test results. eG 4, What possible errors could have occurred in your experiment? How could they have affected your results? Explain. “There are many possible errors that could have happened during the experiment. For . oh example we were looking with our naked eye to measure the amount of ofeach) parameter in our water. What looks pink the me can look red to another person giving us two different number from the same experiment. Another mistake that could have been made is the measurements of both the water and the testers which we also did with our naked eye. Lastly, we could have not waited the correct amount of time given in the instructions. The procedures said to wait 5 minutes but we only waited three so we did ‘ot get the full resuts, the complete color pigmentations could not have shown and we wrote down the the wrong amount. 5, Based on your results what water fiter will you use? Explain why you have chosen that particular filter in DETAIL. (Our group will be using Zero Water to filter our water because alll of our other parameters had low levels except for water hardness which was 150-200. Zero Water filters out 99% of the magnesium in the water, Brita 94% and Pur filters none out as well as filtrete. i we use Zero water it will filter out almost all of the magnesium, which is half of the reason the water is so hard. So in the end it will most likely cut the water hardness in half. S re Name: Chidinma Lantion Period: B Basic Outline of DC Water Project Partl: Project Design Instructions: Complete the basic outline of your project. Eventually this will be written more formally, but for now you can fill out this graphic organizer. 1. Who are your team members? Jennifer Lam, Daniel Flores, and Douglas Pineda are my group members. 2. Who in your group will bring in water from their house? Iwill be collecting the water we will be testing for the project. 3. Where do they ive? (house, apartment, etc. and location in city) llive in a house connected to another in deanwood. 4, Howwill you collect your sample? Write out your procedures. Be sure to include how youwill rinse the sample bottle, etc. Step1_| Geta colection botte from sys gain. Step 2 | Take the bottle home and rinse it three times with kitchen sink water. Step 3 | Whenrinsing fill about an inch of water, close the bottle, and gently shake it. Step 4 —_ | Repeat step 3 at least two more times. Step 5 _| Fillthe entire bottle with kitchen sink tap water. Step6 _ | Retum the bottle to school. Step7 Test the water for iron, water hardness,copper,chlorine,pH, and lead using instructions provided by teacher. Step 8 Clean work space and make sure all water and materials are properly disposed. step 9 Record all information and observations in a data table. Step 10 | Analyze data and compare it to another person's data. 5. Remember youwillbe testing for the following parameters: iron, water hardness, chlorine, Bacteria, pH, nitrates, copper, lead. DEFINE and RESEARCH how each parameter gets into water. IRON tron gets into water in many ways. By making up five percent of the eatWerstitis very commonly found throughout the world. One of the most common ways is its ability to seep into the soil because it’s so common. Another reason itis found in water is because many househo) ut of the material and over the course of time the process of erosi \ccording to the EPA the MCL for ironis 0.3, mgfl. High iron leve| ic tasting water, and a reddish stain on things like clothes or dishes. are tracs of bacteria in ead that are not deadly not not the best if constantly digested’. Source: swidic i 7 http /water.epa.gowidrink/contaminants/ WATER HARDNESS: ‘Water hardness is mainly caused by the amount of calcium and magnesium found in the water. Calcium and magnesium are commonly found in minerals like rocks. So when the water passes over these rocks the minerals are being absorbed into the water increasing the water hardness. DC's tap wajer ranges from 70 to 120 ppm which is classified as moderately hard. The level ofMater hardness has no health effects but can make simple tasks involving water a hassle. \ike removing the spots on your dish or the stain on your shirt. Nice ‘po _includin DU Soeaific aa ht dewater.c rqualityifags.cfm .ca.uky.eduiwkrec/Hardness. ht CHLORINE Chlorine is added to the water as a disinfectant during DC's water treatment process. But more commonly chloramine is being used to reduce the amount of disinfection byproducts in the water. The MCL for chlorine is 4 mgf, DC tf had an average of being 3.0-3.4 mgflintheir water. Nicy® ean © Fhecte|? Source: httpwww.dewater.com/waterqualityifags.cfm .epa.govidrink/contaminants/ http /www.dewater.com/waterquality/chlorine.cfm BACTERIA ‘There are many differents kinds of bacteria that can be found in water. Such as coliform bacteria, which is presentin all animal as well as human waste. They are also present in plant and soil minerals. This can end up in water through runoff. When it rains and the soil from large fields or gardens end up in the water it causes high levels of bacteria. The MCL for coliform bacteria is 5 percent. DC's water has an average of 1 percent, well below the required amount. High amounts of coliform can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. it can cause serious health risk for infants, young children, and people with weak immune systems. ‘Source: JNwater.epa.govidrin! i oF ‘health, i inking/colifor r pH (Acids/Bases) Waters pH is suppose to be at seven or fairly close. Waters didetermines its solubility and biological ability, meaning how can animals or plants surive in the environment. According to the EPA the water needs to be from 6.5-8.5 to follow regulations. DC's water has had an average of being between 7.4-7.8 meeting the standards. Source’ https /water.usas.govledu/ph.htm! http y/Awater.e| rin} www ewater.com/waterquality/corrosion, NITRATES Nitrates are mainly used in fertilizers. tt can get ify the water supply from runoff from fertilizer use; leaking from septic tanks, sewagé; and erosion of natural deposits. . According to the EPA the MCL for nitrate is 10. High levels of nitrate can cause Atfants below six months to become serious\y ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. Source: p//water.epa.gowdrink/contaminants/basicinformatiorynitrate.cfm#three bnttov/water.epa, govidrink/contaminants/ 4 COPPER Copper is mainly used to create tenph throughout your house. When exposed to high levels of copper you can experience gastrointestinal distress, and with long-term exposure may experience liver or kidney damage. The MCL for copper is 1.3 mg/l. DC’ has kept an average of 100 ppb. ‘Source: http /ww.dewater.comwaterqualitylead_copper.cfm bhttp/water.epa. govidrink/contaminants/basicinformation/copper.cfm#Uses for copper. LEAD Lead can enter the water supplies in many ways. The most common way is because of the materials making up your pipes and service system. if your home was built before 1987 there is a high The MCL for lead is zer to a damaged to the brain ana Kidneys, and Interfere with the production of red blood cells. if pregnant high levels can affects child brain development Scientists have linked the effects of lead on the brain with lowered IQ in children.Adults with kiciney problems and high blood pressure can be affected by even low levels of lead. When Lead is consumed it can be stored in the bones and released later in life. DC's average is less than 5 ppb. Source: bittp/water.epa.govidrink/contaminants/ hi miwaterqualityead_copper.cfm https vim. / 6. HYPOTHESIS: Which parameters do you think will be the highest (or in the unacceptable range)? Write your hypothesis in “If, Then, and Becaust " form. fwe test the tap water from my kitchen sink then water hardness will have the highest levels because DC's water reports has had high levels constantly throughout the year. Nie one wr Parti: Data Collection Instructions: Measure the amount of each parameter in your water and make a data table to record your findings, Remember the parameters are iron, water hardness, chlorine, Bacteria, pH, nitrates, copper, lead. DATA TABLE iron Oppm Water Hardness 150-200 ppm Chlorine Oppm Bacteria pH a Nitrates Oppm Copper Oppm Lead Not present Partill: Analysis Choose what you want to analyze (compare other data in your class or compare data from a similar neighborhood). How will you compare your data (with others in your class or with others in your neighborhood)? 1, Howdoes your data compare to the other data you analyzed? Is your water “better” or “worse”? Explain why with evidence from your data. This should be an extended tesponse. 2. What are some reasons that your data may show the resuits that it did? (For example if you found lead - do you have old lead pipes?, etc.). 3. Was your hypothesis supported or rejected? Explain. 4. What possible errors could have occurred in your experiment? How could they have affected your results? Explain. 4, Based on your resuits what water fier will you use? Explain why you have chosen that particular filter in DETAIL. ‘Chemistry 2014-2015 Unit 5: Chemical Reactions Name.of Person Critiquis ‘Name of Person who you are critiquing: Chidinma Lankiov\ DC Water Expedition Part I Peer Critique Complete the rubric for your partner's procedures. Use the checklist to help you assign a grade. can describe Research was Parameters ‘condused on a treasured in paremeers ond wterin order forough and ‘evaluate ompste. Research water qual Tag) inctttes spect eyeaB ed telerences to D6 tap ao VEG rote ean analyze | OOFi = Researchwas UShd Credible rolable RMN} concusason'at —“¢thees Gnd Wid k informational parameters and is CAREO txt thorough end Wid empiste. Research 2 iptes sce Mace telolk ences 10 DC lap rater. BS ee Water, Tean design aT rocedur ie detaied roplcable ang expain the research oF saps the procedures studpat {hat contro for foloped. Someone variables. the rocedures but may tafe afew questions. ZAay changes that 1 Ip rere. | lease wal 2 made during the RP Zo, 7 oe ar ducing She LAR iF 0, HOE ean create a Hypothesis folows the aaa am hypothesis If... Then, ah jai. oma supporting thes caret LI Setence’ includes the independent bo Mutatines|S nd dependent sos) varies are) Hypothesis is testable St gives tome evidence tortie reasoning Vice Joo W- Loved, upor, H Student assisted hie her group a consistently on ciner students ven | Stasent commuted : task and focused. they needed hap te tos of Ber ve ‘Student assisted Stuns worked ron. ‘ter stusets| sony wth is ober nen they needed ‘on grup. bap. Student erkea soy wth 1s cher oun 000. eu. Qetsions RUBRIC iS Tean describe | -Researchwas + Researchwas | - Research was parameters ‘conducted on all conducted on at | notconducted on measured in | parameters and parameters, but | allparameters waterinorder | is toraughand | paranetersand | is lackingin to evaluate complete isthough and | thoroughness, water qualty. | Research goes_—L complete. above a serch beyon: spectic ex retgfences 0 andinkues hop wer spect teterences Octap water. Yean analyze | -Researchwas | - Research = Researchwas | - Researchwas reliable conducted onal | was conducted | conductedonal | notconductedon informational | parameters and | onal parameters, but | allparameters text is thorough and rersend | lacking in complete thoryoh and | thoroughness. Research 1 co above and reseafch beyond des spectic expectation reterences 0 and includes Dc tap water specitic references to octap water. ~oceaues | -Procedes | -Proceaeisnot | -Procedue's eta and very detailed and | missing or explains the soreone ese incomprehenstie. procedures EXACT steps the woud nave that control for | student ditcuty confounding | folowed. folowing re variables. Someone else procedures coud easly + Ary changes folow the that were made procedures procedures but | during the tab winout mraytaveatew | werenotroted questions. ‘questors, or were dtteut “anychanges | Any changes | tounderstan, thatweremade | thatwere rade curing te tab | during the ab were note. were noted. ean create a | Hypothesis js Hypothesis fofows | Hypothesis does hypothesis | folows he Z, fous the t..Then, ro ofow Foret using 1...Then, Then, ‘Because...form ‘supporting Because...orm | ...Because..form | at evidence. at Hypothesis Hypothesis Hypothesis correctly includes ccorrecty inctides | correcty includes | the independent the independent | the independent | and dependent ‘anddependent | and dependent | variables. variabies. variables. Hypothesis is Hypothesis is testable and gives | testable and gives ‘anevidence ‘some evidence for based the reasoning. Jean organize | Datatabieis Data table is Data table is Data table is data into an easy toread, easy to read, easy toread, missing or easy to read visualizing visualzing visuakzing incomprehensibi. visual chart, ‘appeating and ‘appeating and appealing and contains ALL contains MOST | contains SOME data and data and ta and observations ‘observations ‘observations fromthe le. fromthe lab. fromthe lab ean explain | Datais thocougty | Datais Datais analyzed | Data analysis is the and accurately thoroughly and | and compared to | lacking n content implications of | analyzed and accurately ‘other student ata. compared to other | analyzed and data. Analysis student data. compared 10 does not include ‘Analysis goes other student specitic above data. Anaysis | examples of expectations to Includes specitc | retatonstips include speciic examples of ‘arrong data, examples of relaionships relaionstis and | among data. outside data. {can identity

    S-ar putea să vă placă și