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18372 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No.

70 / Thursday, April 12, 2007 / Rules and Regulations

period of time appropriate to the a. The positive limiting load factor DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
maneuvers. must not be less than:
(4) It must always be possible to (1) 2.5g for the Electronic Flight Federal Aviation Administration
reduce incidence by conventional use of Control System (EFCS) normal state.
the controller. (2) 2.0g for the EFCS normal state 14 CFR Part 25
(5) The rate at which the airplane can with the high lift devices extended. [Docket No. NM371; Special Conditions No.
be maneuvered from trim speeds b. The negative limiting load factor 25–350–SC]
associated with scheduled operating must be equal to or more negative than:
speeds, such as V2 and VREF, up to Special Conditions: Dassault Aviation
(1) Minus 1.0g for the EFCS normal
alpha-limit must not be unduly damped Model Falcon 7X Airplane; Sudden
state.
or significantly slower than can be Engine Stoppage, Operation Without
achieved on conventionally controlled (2) 0.0g for the EFCS normal state
with high lift devices extended. Normal Electrical Power, and Dive
transport airplanes. Speed Definition With Speed
g. Atmospheric Disturbances. Note: This special condition does not Protection System
Operation of the high incidence impose an upper bound for the normal load
protection function must not adversely factor limit, nor does it require that the limit AGENCY: Federal Aviation
affect aircraft control during expected exist. If the limit is set at a value beyond the Administration (FAA), DOT.
levels of atmospheric disturbances or structural design limit maneuvering load
ACTION: Final special conditions.
factor ‘‘n,’’ indicated in §§ 25.333(b) and
impede the application of recovery 25.337(b) and (c), there should be a very
procedures in case of windshear. SUMMARY: These special conditions are
positive tactile feel built into the controller
Simulator tests and analysis may be and obvious to the pilot that serves as a issued for the Dassault Aviation Model
used to evaluate such conditions but deterrent to inadvertently exceeding the Falcon 7X Airplane; Sudden Engine
must be validated by limited flight structural limit. Stoppage, Operation Without Normal
testing to confirm handling qualities at Electrical Power, and Dive Speed
critical loading conditions. 8. Flight Envelope Protection: Pitch, Definition with Speed Protection
h. [Reserved] Roll, and High Speed Limiting System. This airplane will have novel or
i. Proof of Compliance. In addition to Functions unusual design features that include
the requirements of § 25.21, the engine size and torque load, which
In addition to § 25.143, the following affect sudden engine stoppage; electrical
following special conditions apply:
The flying qualities must be evaluated special conditions apply: and electronic systems which perform
at the most unfavorable center of gravity a. Operation of the high speed limiter critical functions, which affect
position. during all routine and descent operation without normal electrical
j. Longitudinal Control: procedure flight must not impede power; and dive speed definition with
(1) In lieu of the requirements of normal attainment of speeds up to the speed protection system. These special
§ 25.145(a) and (a)(1), the following overspeed warning. conditions pertain to their effects on the
special conditions apply: b. The pitch limiting function must structural performance of the airplane.
It must be possible—at any point not impede airplane maneuvering, The applicable airworthiness
between the trim speed for straight including an all-engines operating regulations do not contain adequate or
flight and Vmin—to pitch the nose takeoff, for pitch angles up to the appropriate safety standards for these
downward, so that the acceleration to maximum required for normal design features. These special
this selected trim speed is prompt, with: operations plus a suitable margin in the conditions contain the additional safety
The airplane trimmed for straight pitch axis to allow for satisfactory speed standards that the Administrator
flight at the speed achievable by the control. considers necessary to establish a level
automatic trim system and at the most c. The high speed limiting function of safety equivalent to that established
unfavorable center of gravity; must not impede normal attainment of by the existing airworthiness standards.
(2) In lieu of the requirements of speeds up to VMO/MMO during all EFFECTIVE DATE: April 4, 2007.
§ 25.145(b)(6), the following special routine and descent procedure flight
conditions apply: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tom
conditions.
With power off, flaps extended and Rodriguez, FAA, International Branch,
d. The pitch and roll limiting ANM–116, Transport Airplane
the airplane trimmed at 1.3 VSR1, obtain functions must not restrict nor prevent
and maintain airspeeds between Vmin Directorate, Aircraft Certification
attaining bank angles up to 65 degrees Service, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW.,
and either 1.6 VSR1 or VFE, whichever is and pitch attitudes necessary for
lower. Renton, Washington 98057–3356;
emergency maneuvering. Positive spiral telephone (425) 227–1503; facsimile
k. Airspeed Indicating System. (1) In stability, which is introduced above 35
lieu of the requirements of (425) 227–1320.
degrees bank angle, must not require
§ 25.1323(c)(1), the following special SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
excessive pilot strength on the side stick
conditions apply: VMO to Vmin with the controller to achieve bank angles up to Background
flaps retracted. 65 degrees. Stick force at bank angles
(2) In lieu of the requirements of On June 4, 2002, Dassault Aviation, 9
greater than 35 degrees must not be so
§ 25.1323(c)(2), the following special rond Point des Champs Elysees, 75008,
light that over-control would lead to
conditions apply: Vmin to VFE with flaps Paris, France, applied for an FAA type
pilot-induced oscillations.
in the landing position. certificate for its new Model Falcon 7X
Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 4, airplane. The Dassault Model Falcon 7X
7. Flight Envelope Protection: Normal 2007. airplane is a 19 passenger transport
Load Factor (g) Limiting
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Stephen P. Boyd, category airplane powered by three aft


In addition to the requirements of Acting Manager, Transport Airplane mounted Pratt & Whitney PW307A high
§ 25.143(a)—and in the absence of other Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. bypass ratio turbofan engines.
limiting factors—the following special [FR Doc. E7–6888 Filed 4–11–07; 8:45 am] Maximum takeoff weight will be 63,700
conditions apply: BILLING CODE 4910–13–P pounds, and maximum certified altitude

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 70 / Thursday, April 12, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 18373

will be 51,000 feet with a range of 5,700 malfunction. These special conditions permanent deformation. For the rare-
nautical miles. The airplane is operated are identical or nearly identical to those but-severe engine seizure events such as
using a fly-by-wire (FBW) primary flight previously required for type loss of any fan, compressor, or turbine
control system. This will be the first certification of other airplane models. blade, the proposed standard requires
application of a FBW primary flight engine mounts and structures to support
Discussion
control system in an airplane primarily maximum torques without failure, but
intended for private/corporate use. Because of these rapid improvements allows for some deformation in the
The Dassault Aviation Model Falcon in airplane technology, the applicable structure.
7X design incorporates equipment that airworthiness regulations do not contain The FAA concludes that modern large
was not envisioned when part 25 was adequate or appropriate safety standards engines, including those on the Model
created. This equipment affects sudden for these design features. Therefore, in Falcon 7X, are novel and unusual
engine stoppage, operation without addition to the requirements of part 25, compared to those envisioned when
normal electrical power, and dive speed subparts C and D, the following special § 25.361(b)(1) was adopted and thus
definition with speed protection system. conditions apply. warrant a special condition. The special
Therefore, special conditions are Special Conditions for Sudden Engine condition contains design criteria
required that provide the level of safety Stoppage recommended by ARAC. The ARAC
equivalent to that established by the proposal was to revise the wording of
regulations. The Dassault Model Falcon 7X will § 25.361(b), including §§ 25.361(b)(1)
have high-bypass ratio turbofan engines. and (b)(2), removing language pertaining
Type Certification Basis Engines of this size were not envisioned to structural failures and moving it to a
Under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.17, when § 25.361, pertaining to loads separate requirement that discusses the
Dassault Aviation must show that the imposed by engine seizure, was adopted reduced factors of safety that apply to
Model Falcon 7X airplane meets the in 1965. Worst case engine seizure these failures.
applicable provisions of 14 CFR part 25, events become increasingly more severe
with increasing engine size because of Special Conditions for Operation
as amended by Amendments 25–1 Without Normal Electrical Power
through 25–108. the higher inertia of the rotating
If the Administrator finds that the components. The Dassault Aviation Model Falcon
applicable airworthiness regulations do Section 25.361(b)(1) requires that for 7X airplane will have electrical and
not contain adequate or appropriate turbine engine installations, the engine electronic systems which perform
safety standards for the Model Falcon mounts and the supporting structures critical functions. The Model Falcon 7X
7X airplane because of novel or unusual must be designed to withstand a ‘‘limit airplane is a fly-by-wire control system
design features, special conditions are engine torque load imposed by sudden that requires a continuous source of
prescribed under the provisions of engine stoppage due to malfunction or electrical power for the flight control
§ 21.16. structural failure.’’ Limit loads are system to remain operable, since the
In addition to the applicable expected to occur about once in the loss of all electrical power may be
airworthiness regulations and special lifetime of any airplane. Section 25.305 catastrophic to the airplane. The
conditions, the Dassault Model Falcon requires that supporting structures be airworthiness standards of part 25 do
7X airplane must comply with the fuel able to support limit loads without not contain adequate or appropriate
vent and exhaust emission requirements detrimental permanent deformation, standards for the protection of the
of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise meaning that supporting structures Electronic Flight Control System from
certification requirements of 14 CFR should remain serviceable after a limit the adverse effects of operations without
part 36. load event. normal electrical power.
The FAA issues special conditions, as Since adoption of § 25.361(b)(1), the Section 25.1351(d), ‘‘Operation
defined in § 11.19, under § 11.38, and size, configuration, and failure modes of without normal electrical power,’’
they become part of the type jet engines have changed considerably. requires safe operation in visual flight
certification basis under § 21.17(a)(2). Current engines are much larger and are rule (VFR) conditions for at least five
Special conditions are initially designed with large bypass fans. In the minutes with inoperative normal power.
applicable to the model for which they event of a structural failure, these This rule was structured around a
are issued. Should the type certificate engines are capable of producing much traditional design utilizing mechanical
for that model be amended later to higher transient loads on the engine control cables for flight control surfaces
include any other model that mounts and supporting structures. and the pilot controls. Such traditional
incorporates the same novel or unusual As a result, modern high bypass designs enable the flightcrew to
design feature, the special conditions engines are subject to certain rare-but- maintain control of the airplane, while
would also apply to the other model severe engine seizure events. Service providing time to sort out the electrical
under § 21.101. history shows that such events occur far failure, re-start the engines if necessary,
less frequently than limit load events. and re-establish some of the electrical
Novel or Unusual Design Features Although it is important for the airplane power generation capability.
The Dassault Aviation Model Falcon to be able to support such rare loads The Dassault Aviation Model Falcon
7X airplane will incorporate novel or safely without failure, it is unrealistic to 7X airplane, however, will utilize an
unusual design features that will affect: expect that no permanent deformation Electronic Flight Control System for the
• Sudden engine stoppage. will occur. pitch and yaw control (elevator,
• Operation without normal electrical Given this situation, the Aviation stabilizer, and rudder). There is no
power. Rulemaking Advisory Committee mechanical linkage between the pilot
• Dive speed definition with speed (ARAC) proposed a design standard for controls and these flight control
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protection system. today’s large engines. For the surfaces. Pilot control inputs are
These special conditions address commonly-occurring deceleration converted to electrical signals, which
equipment which may affect the events, the proposed standard requires are processed and then transmitted via
airplane’s structural performance, either engine mounts and structures to support wires to the control surface actuators. At
directly or as a result of failure or maximum torques without detrimental the control surface actuators, the

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18374 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 70 / Thursday, April 12, 2007 / Rules and Regulations

electrical signals are converted to an Discussion of Comments (1) Sudden engine deceleration due to
actuator command, which moves the a malfunction which could result in a
Notice of proposed special conditions
control surface. temporary loss of power or thrust; and
No. 25–07–07–SC for the Dassault (2) The maximum acceleration of the
To maintain the same level of safety
Aviation Model Falcon 7X airplanes engine.
as that associated with traditional
was published in the Federal Register (b) For auxiliary power unit
designs, the Dassault Model 7X
on March 1, 2007 (72 FR 9273). No installations, the power unit mounts
airplanes with electronic flight controls
comments were received, and the and adjacent supporting airframe
must not be time limited in their
special conditions are adopted as structure must be designed to withstand
operation, including being without the
proposed. 1 g level flight loads acting
normal source of electrical power
generated by the engine or the Auxiliary Applicability simultaneously with the maximum limit
Power Unit (APU) generated electrical torque loads imposed by each of the
As discussed above, these special following:
power.
conditions are applicable to the Dassault (1) Sudden auxiliary power unit
Service experience has shown that the
Aviation Model Falcon 7X airplane. deceleration due to malfunction or
loss of all electrical power generated by
Should Dassault Aviation apply at a structural failure; and
the airplane’s engine generators or APU
later date for a change to the type (2) The maximum acceleration of the
is not extremely improbable. Thus, it
certificate to include another model on power unit.
must be demonstrated that the airplane
the same type certificate incorporating (c) For engine supporting structures,
can continue safe flight and landing—
the same novel or unusual design an ultimate loading condition must be
including steering and braking on
features, these special conditions would considered that combines 1 g flight
ground for airplanes using steer/brake-
apply to that model as well. loads with the transient dynamic loads
by-wire—after total loss of normal
electrical power with the use of its For Final Special Conditions Effective resulting from:
Upon Issuance (1) The loss of any fan, compressor, or
emergency electrical power systems.
turbine blade; and separately
These emergency electrical power
Under standard practice, the effective (2) where applicable to a specific
systems must be able to power loads
date of final special conditions would engine design, any other engine
that are essential for continued safe
be 30 days after the date of publication structural failure that results in higher
flight and landing.
in the Federal Register; however, as the loads.
Special Conditions for Dive Speed certification date for the Dassault Model (d) The ultimate loads developed from
Definition With Speed Protection Falcon 7X is imminent, the FAA finds the conditions specified in paragraphs
System that good cause exists to make these (c)(1) and (2) above are to be multiplied
special conditions effective upon by a factor of 1.0 when applied to
Dassault Aviation proposed to reduce
issuance. engine mounts and pylons and
the speed margin between VC and VD
multiplied by a factor of 1.25 when
required by § 25.335(b), based on the Conclusion applied to adjacent supporting airframe
incorporation of a high speed protection
This action affects only certain novel structure. In addition, the airplane must
system in the Model Falcon 7X flight
or unusual design features on model be capable of continued safe flight
control laws. The Falcon 7X is equipped
Falcon 7X airplanes. It is not a rule of considering the aerodynamic effects on
with a high speed protection system
general applicability. controllability due to any permanent
which limits nose down pilot authority
deformation that results from the
at speeds above VC/MC and prevents the List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 conditions specified in paragraph (c),
airplane from actually performing the
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting above.
maneuver required under § 25.335(b)(1).
Section 25.335(b)(1) is an analytical and recordkeeping requirements. 2. Operation Without Normal Electrical
envelope condition which was The authority citation for these Power
originally adopted in Part 4b of the Civil special conditions is as follows:
In lieu of the requirements of 14 CFR
Air Regulations to provide an acceptable Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 25.1351(d), the following special
speed margin between design cruise 44702, 44704. condition applies:
speed and design dive speed. Freedom The Special Conditions It must be demonstrated by test or
from flutter and airframe design loads is combination of test and analysis that the
affected by the design dive speed. While Accordingly, pursuant to the airplane can continue safe flight and
the initial condition for the upset authority delegated to me by the landing with inoperative normal engine
specified in the rule is 1g level flight, Administrator, the following special and APU generator electrical power (i.e.,
protection is afforded for other conditions are issued as part of the type electrical power sources, excluding the
inadvertent overspeed conditions as certification basis for Dassault Aviation battery and any other standby electrical
well. Section 25.335(b)(1) is intended as Model Falcon 7X airplanes. sources). The airplane operation should
a conservative enveloping condition for 1. Sudden Engine Stoppage be considered at the critical phase of
all potential overspeed conditions, flight and include the ability to restart
including non-symmetric ones. In lieu of the requirements of the engines and maintain flight for the
To establish that all potential § 25.361(b) the following special maximum diversion time capability
overspeed conditions are enveloped, the condition applies: being certified.
applicant will demonstrate that the dive (a) For turbine engine installations,
speed will not be exceeded during pilot- the engine mounts, pylons and adjacent 3. Dive Speed Definition With Speed
Protection System
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induced or gust-induced upsets in non- supporting airframe structure must be


symmetric attitudes. designed to withstand 1 g level flight In lieu of the requirements of
In addition, the high speed protection loads acting simultaneously with the § 25.335(b)(1)—if the flight control
system in the Falcon 7X must have a maximum limit torque loads imposed system includes functions which act
high level of reliability. by each of the following: automatically to initiate recovery before

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 70 / Thursday, April 12, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 18375

the end of the 20 second period Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 4, • Fax: (202) 493–2251.
specified in § 25.335(b)(1)—the 2007.
• Hand Delivery: Room PL–401 on
following special condition applies. Stephen P. Boyd,
the plaza level of the Nassif Building,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington,
The greater of the speeds resulting
Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
from the conditions of paragraphs (a) DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
[FR Doc. E7–6889 Filed 4–11–07; 8:45 am] through Friday, except Federal holidays.
and (b), below, must be used.
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
(a) From an initial condition of Contact Hartzell Propeller Inc.
stabilized flight at VC/MC, the airplane Technical Publications Department, One
is upset so as to take up a new flight DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Propeller Place, Piqua, OH 45356;
path 7.5 degrees below the initial path. telephone (937) 778–4200; fax (937)
Control application, up to full authority, Federal Aviation Administration 778–4391, for the service information
is made to try and maintain this new identified in this AD.
flight path. Twenty seconds after 14 CFR Part 39
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tim
initiating the upset, manual recovery is [Docket No. FAA–2007–27552; Directorate Smyth, Aerospace Engineer, Chicago
made at a load factor of 1.5 g (0.5 Identifier 2007–NE–11–AD; Amendment 39– Aircraft Certification Office, FAA, Small
acceleration increment) or such greater 15019; AD 2007–08–02] Airplane Directorate, 2300 East Devon
load factor that is automatically applied RIN 2120–AA64 Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018; e-mail:
by the system with the pilot’s pitch tim.smyth@faa.gov; telephone: (847)
control neutral. The speed increase Airworthiness Directives; Hartzell 294–7132; fax: (847) 294–7834.
occurring in this maneuver may be Propeller Inc. Model HC–E4A–3( )/
E10950( ) Propellers SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We have
calculated, if reliable or conservative
received reports of excessive propeller
aerodynamic data is used. Power, as
AGENCY: Federal Aviation vibration, and of damaged or broken
specified in § 25.175(b)(1)(iv), is Administration (FAA), Department of propeller blade thrust bearings on
assumed until recovery is made, at Transportation (DOT). Hartzell Propeller Inc. model HC–E4A–
which time power reduction and the use 3( )/E10950( ) propellers found during
ACTION: Final rule; request for
of pilot controlled drag devices may be routine and investigative propeller
comments.
used. disassembly. At least 15 propellers have
(b) From a speed below VC/MC with SUMMARY: The FAA is adopting a new been reported with broken propeller
power to maintain stabilized level flight airworthiness directive (AD) for Hartzell blade thrust bearings. During teardowns,
at this speed, the airplane is upset so as Propeller Inc. model HC–E4A–3( )/ instances of bearing failures have been
to accelerate through VC/MC at a flight E10950( ) propellers. This AD requires progressively more severe, with more
path 15 degrees below the initial path— initial and repetitive inspections and internal damage to the hub noted.
or at the steepest nose down attitude rework of the propeller blade retention Service history shows the propellers can
that the system will permit with full radius, and replacement of the propeller safely accumulate 2,000 operating hours
control authority if less than 15 degrees. blade thrust bearing, for each blade. time-since-overhaul (TSO) before the
This AD results from reports of unsafe conditions start to appear. A
Note: The pilot’s controls may be in the excessive propeller vibration and of broken thrust bearing can lead to
neutral position after reaching VC/MC and damaged or broken propeller blade damage to the propeller hub and blade
before recovery is initiated. thrust bearings found during routine shank, and blade separation from the
and investigative propeller disassembly. hub. These damaged or broken parts can
(c) Recovery may be initiated three
We are issuing this AD to prevent also lead to damage to the internal
seconds after operation of high speed
propeller blade separation, damage to propeller pitch change mechanism,
warning system by application of a load
the airplane, and possible loss of resulting in loss of propeller pitch
of 1.5 g (0.5 acceleration increment) or airplane control. control or in difficulty in feathering the
such greater load factor that is
DATES: This AD becomes effective April propeller. This condition, if not
automatically applied by the system corrected, could result in propeller
27, 2007. The Director of the Federal
with the pilot’s pitch control neutral. blade separation, damage to the
Register approved the incorporation by
Power may be reduced simultaneously. airplane, and possible loss of airplane
reference of certain publications listed
All other means of decelerating the in the regulations as of April 27, 2007. control. Repairing the propeller blade
airplane, the use of which is authorized We must receive any comments on retention radius using the instructions
up to the highest speed reached in the this AD by June 11, 2007. cited in Hartzell Propeller Inc. Service
maneuver, may be used. The interval Bulletin (SB) No. HC–SB–61–287,
ADDRESSES: Use one of the following
between successive pilot actions must Revision 2, dated October 24, 2006,
addresses to comment on this AD:
not be less than one second. • DOT Docket Web site: Go to allows the propeller to safely operate for
(d) The applicant must also http://dms.dot.gov and follow the 3,000 hours before requiring bearing
demonstrate that the design dive speed, instructions for sending your comments replacement.
established above, will not be exceeded electronically. Relevant Service Information
during pilot-induced or gust-induced • Government-wide rulemaking Web
upsets in non-symmetric attitudes. site: Go to http://www.regulations.gov We reviewed and approved the
(e) The occurrence of any failure and follow the instructions for sending technical contents of Hartzell Propeller
condition that would reduce the your comments electronically. Inc. SB No. HC–SB–61–287, Revision 2,
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• Mail: Docket Management Facility; dated October 24, 2006. That SB


capability of the overspeed protection
U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 describes procedures for initial and
system must be improbable (less than
Seventh Street, SW., Nassif Building, repetitive propeller blade inspection,
10¥5 per flight hour).
Room PL–401, Washington, DC 20590– rework, and thrust bearing replacement,
0001. for each blade.

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