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UNS S32101
Contents
Performance Profile.................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Mechanical Properties................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Physical Properties..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Corrosion Resistance................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Heat Treatment.......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Application................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1
Specifications
UNS S32101
W.Nr./EN 1.4162
ASME Section VIII Code Case 2418, Section IV Code Case 2603
ASME SA-240, SA-479, SA-789, SA-790
ASTM A 240, A 276, A 479, A 789, A 790
The data and information in this printed matter are believed to be reliable. However, this material is not intended as a substitute for competent professional engineering assistance which is a requisite to any specific application. Rolled Alloys makes no
warranty and assumes no legal liability or responsibility for results to be obtained in any particular situation, and shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damage therefrom. This material is subject to revision without prior notice.
2
Performance Profile Table 3 - ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section Viii, Division 1,
Allowable Stress Values, Ksi
LDX 2101 is a lean duplex stainless steel designed for general-purpose use.
Alloy 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F
Like other duplex stainless steels LDX 2101 provides both superior strength
LDX 2101 26.9 25.6 24.7 24.7 24.7
and greater chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance compared to 300
304 20.0 18.9 18.3 17.5 16.6
series stainless steels.
316 20.0 20.0 19.3 18 17
The use of manganese ensures proper ferrite-austenite phase balance, while 2205 25.7 24.8 23.9 23.3 23.1
allowing a reduction in nickel content. As a result, LDX 2101 is priced 2304 24.0 22.5 21.7 21.3 21
competitively with types 304L and 316L stainless steels. AL 2003 26.3 24.8 24.5 24.5 24.5
3
Corrosion Resistance
304L
The corrosion resistance of LDX 2101 is generally good. As a result, the
grade is suitable for use in a wide range of applications and environments.
The corrosion resistance of LDX 2101 is in general terms better than 304L
stainless, and in most cases comparable to the molybdenum bearing 316L
stainless steel. A review of LDX 2101 and its resistance to specific types of
corrosion follows.
Because of its duplex structure, LDX 2101 offers excellent resistance to SCC.
It also offers corrosion resistance comparable to 304L and 316L stainless Figure 1 - Pitting Resistance Equivalent PRE N = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N
steel. This makes LDX 2101 an excellent candidate to replace 300 series
stainless steels in a wide variety of applications.
Based on corrosion testing LDX 2101 displays resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion approaching that of type
316L stainless.
4
Caustic Intergranular Corrosion
Testing in simulated white liquor has been carried out on LDX 2101 duplex Due to its duplex microstructure, LDX 2101 offers very good resistance to
stainless steel. The results of two test series are shown in the following intergranular corrosion. LDX 2101 passes intergranular corrosion tests
tables. according to ASTM A 262 method B (Streicher) and method E (Strauss).
Such results are as expected for duplex steels, which are less susceptible to
Table 9 - Test Solution this type of corrosion than austenitic stainless steels.
Chemical Concentration Calculated Composition
General Corrosion
NaOH 92 g/l Total Alkali 188.5 g/l Na2O
NaCl 4.1 g/l TTA 173.5 g/l Na2O General corrosion is characterized by a uniform attack of the surface in
contact with a corrosive medium. The corrosion resistance is generally
Na2S 55 g/l AA 147.0 g/l Na2O
considered good if the corrosion rate is less than 0.005 in/yr (0.127 mm/
Na2SO3 7.9 g/l EA 119.5 g/l Na2O yr). The resistance to uniform corrosion in sulfuric acid is shown in Figure 3.
Na2SO4 7.1 g/l Activity 85% LDX 2101 has better resistance than 304L and in some cases performs as
Na2CO3 26.5 g/l Causticity 78% (Na2O basis) well as 316L.
PH- 11.0 after test Sulfidity 37% (Na2O basis)
Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acids
Table 13 - Critical Temperature For 0.005 Ipy, Corrosion, °C
Table 10 - Liquor Phase Testing At 194°F (90°C), 21 Days
Solution Concentration LDX 2101 316L 2205
Grade Weight Loss, mg Corrosion Rate, mpy
HCl 1% 55 30 85
LDX 2101 0.6, 0.4 0.000, 0.000
H2SO4 10% 75 50 60
2205 0.3, 0.7 0.000, 0.000
304L 1.3, 1.0 0.001, 0.000
H2SO4 96.4% 30 45 25
316L 4.5, 3.4 0.002, 0.002
Figure 3 - Isocorrosion Chart, 0.1 mm/yr (4 mpy), in sulfuric acid
2304 0.6, 0.3 0.000, 0.000
Sodium Hydroxide Additional data taken from testing according to ASTM G157-98 are shown in the following tables.
Table 12 - Critical Temperature For 0.005 Ipy, Corrosion, °C
Solution Concentration LDX 2101 316L 2205 Nitric Acid
NaOH 50% 85 90 90 Table 14 - Critical Temperature For 0.005 Ipy, Corrosion, °C
Solution Concentration LDX 2101 316L 2205
HNO3 10% > bp > bp > bp
HNO3 65% 105 100 105
5
Organic Acids Desalination
Table 15 - Critical Temperature For 0.005 Ipy, Corrosion, °C
“Dual Duplex” construction at the Taweelah B extension and Jebel Ali units.
Solution Concentration LDX 2101 316L 2205 The evaporators at these plants will be constructed with 2205 duplex
Acetic Acid 80% > bp > bp > bp stainless steel on bottom portion of the evaporators that is exposed to
Acetic Acid/ 50% 105 120 100 deaerated seawater. LDX 2101 duplex stainless steel will be used on the
Acetic Anydride 50% top portion of the evaporators, which is exposed to the less aggressive
Formic Acid 50% 95 40 90 condensate.
Heat Treatment
LDX 2101 is solution annealed at 1870-1975°F (1020-1080°C). Rapid
cooling is recommended after annealing to minimize precipitation of
secondary phases, which may negatively impact the properties of LDX 2101.
More detailed fabrication information is available in the LDX 2101
fabrication manual available at www.RolledAlloys.com.
Applications
Power Plants Organic chemical storage tank at a chemical plant in the southeastern United States measuring approximately 60
feet in diameter and 50 feet tall, constructed of LDX 2101, replaced 316L stainless. Engineering was done to take
LDX 2101 has been used on a 2205 duplex stainless FGD absorber tower for advantage of the high strength of LDX 2101. This allowed a reduction in the wall thickness and the resulting alloy
external stiffeners in the western United States. LDX 2101 was used rather weight required for constructing the tank. The tank will be insulated on the outside, which also posed a risk of under
than 304L because it allowed a lighter cross section, would not require insulation cracking if 316L stainless were to be used.
painting, and matched the strength and expansion properties of 2205 duplex
stainless.
6
DATA SHEET LDX 2101®
UNS S32101
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