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speaking,
the
absolute
relative
to
the
building's
own
during
an
earthquake.
Think
of
figure 1: Accelerogram
In other words, the damage that a building
suffers
primarily
depends
not
upon
its
the
building
may
move
during
an
this
maximum,
the
greater
their
acceleration.
It's worthwhile mentioning here that in order
to
study
the
earthquake
responses
of
motion
accelerometers.
special instruments
recording
the
These
are
accelerations
of
either
the
accelerogram.
Figure
shows
an
Newton's Law
Acceleration has this important influence on
damage, because, as an object in movement,
the building obeys Newton' famous Second
Law of Dynamics. The simplest form of the
equation which expresses the Second Law of
Motion is F = MA.
This states the Force acting on the building is
equal
to
the Mass
of
the
building
times
an
important
goal
of
Resistant
Techniques,
techniques
are
also
now
various
available
for
reducing A.
Inertial Forces
created by the
building's
tendency to
law
known
as D'Alembert's
in
an
to
opposite
the
direction
magnitude
of
and
the
primarily
include
the
building's
are
large
enough,
the
building's
kind
of
structure
imaginable--a
described above.
There
are
all
buildings
which
further
affect and
accelerations
it
undergoes,
and
the
the
building
response
that
is,
the
some
circumstances,
this dynamic
Generally,
frequencies,
buildings
and
with
short
higher
natural
period,
this
is
reversed
as
the
Building Stiffness
The taller a building, the longer its natural
period tends to be. But the height of a building
is also related to another important structural
characteristic: the building flexibility. Taller
buildings tend to be more flexible than short
buildings. (Only consider a thin metal rod. If it
earthquake
performance ductility.
Ductility
response
and
ductility
can
improve
building's
the
block,
we
have
substituted
important
factors
affecting
its
will
possess
enough
ductility
to
Damping
The
last
of
the
important
structural
and
building
motion
during
an
forth
in
many
different
horizontal
directions.
All vibrating objects, including buildings, tend
to eventually stop vibrating as time goes on.
with
time.
Without
damping,
building
undergoing
an
earthquake,
structural
and
nonstructural
desirable
from
the
standpoint
of
advanced
resistant
design
techniques
and
of
earthquake
construction
employ