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Group Standard
for
lifting and hoisting operations
in Europe
Field Description
Name
Organisation
NAM
Content Owner
(Authority to Issue)
Custodian
Document Custodian
Author(s)
CMS Number
NAM-LIFHOI.SP.01
Doc Number
EP201405203036
Revision Number
Cross References
N/A
02-09-2010
Issue Date
09-05-2014
Review Date
09-05-2017
External
No
Document Type
Specification
Valid For
NAM
UPBM Process
N/A
UPBM Sub-process
N/A
Discipline
Logistics
Expertise
Used In UP Process
14
Used In Discipline
Logistics
Used in Expertise
Language
English
Risk Domains
No
HSE MS
Risk Management
ISO 14001
N/A
Security
Restricted
Export Control
Applicable Roles
N/A
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Table of contents
1
Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
Weather .......................................................................................................................................... 30
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
Wind ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
Sea-state.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
Temperature .................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
Other weather conditions ........................................................................................................................................................................................30
6
7
3.5
Manager .......................................................................................................................................... 15
Competent person ........................................................................................................................... 15
Technical support ........................................................................................................................... 15
Appointed person Person In Charge (PIC) .................................................................................. 15
Competent Lifting and Hoisting Team ........................................................................................... 16
Lifting and hoisting supervisor ....................................................................................................... 17
Appliance operator ......................................................................................................................... 17
Rigger ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Signaller/banksman ........................................................................................................................ 18
Slinger ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Planning and preparing for safe lifting and hoisting operations ....................................... 19
3.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 40
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7.2
7.3
7.4
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................46
Load without any provisions to attach hoisting accessories .......................................................................................................................46
Load having provisions to attach temporary attachment points for hoisting accessories ................................................................46
Load equipped with purpose designed hoisting points permanently fastened .....................................................................................47
Work equipment having permanently installed attachment points for the hoisting accessories ...................................................47
Lifted and hoisted equipment ................................................................................................................................................................................48
8.2
8.3
8.4
Personnel ........................................................................................................................... 59
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
Additional training.......................................................................................................................... 61
The Netherlands: competency and training requirements .............................................................. 62
United Kingdom and Ireland: competency and training requirements ........................................... 63
Norway: competency and training requirements ............................................................................ 64
Ongoing and refresher training ....................................................................................................... 66
Personal Protective Equipment ....................................................................................................... 66
Physical and medical conditions..................................................................................................... 66
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 68
Basic principles for good communications ..................................................................................... 68
General considerations on communication ..................................................................................... 68
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10.3.1
10.3.2
10.4
10.5
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.6
10.6.1
10.6.2
10.6.3
10.6.4
10.6.5
10.7
10.7.1
10.7.2
10.7.3
10.7.4
10.7.5
10.7.6
10.7.7
10.7.8
10.8
10.9
10.9.1
10.10
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 75
Categorising lifting and hoisting over live facilities ....................................................................... 75
Control measures ............................................................................................................................ 75
Further safety precautions to be considered ................................................................................... 75
12.7
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 76
Risks associated and general precautions ....................................................................................... 76
Categorising operations using two or more lifting and hoisting appliances ................................... 77
Control measures ............................................................................................................................ 77
Personnel involved ......................................................................................................................... 77
Various ways of utilising multiple lifting and hoisting appliances ................................................. 77
Hoisting a single load using two cranes .............................................................................................................................................................77
Hoisting a single load using more than two cranes ........................................................................................................................................77
Taking a load from a horizontal position to a vertical position or vice versa ......................................................................................78
Using two or more chain lever hoists and or chain blocks ..........................................................................................................................78
Any combination using two or more lifting and hoisting appliances ......................................................................................................78
Execution ........................................................................................................................................ 78
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 79
Routine as well as Non-Routine activities ...................................................................................... 79
Concurrent operations with more than one crane ........................................................................... 80
Example of plot plan for extensive lifting and hoisting operations ................................................ 81
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 82
Vessel deck strength ....................................................................................................................... 82
Crane suitability.............................................................................................................................. 82
Securing the crane on deck ............................................................................................................. 83
Load chart applicable for the specific situation .............................................................................. 83
Weather criteria and vessel stability ............................................................................................... 84
Points to remember ......................................................................................................................... 84
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16.1
16.2
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 89
The use of transit slings .................................................................................................................. 89
Plastic coated transit slings ............................................................................................................. 89
Never use a synthetic sling as transit sling ..................................................................................... 89
18.4
18.5
General ........................................................................................................................................... 90
Certificates, labelling and marking ................................................................................................. 90
Hoisting and carrying FIBCs......................................................................................................... 91
Hoisting with cranes or hoists ...............................................................................................................................................................................91
Hoisting with forklift trucks ...................................................................................................................................................................................91
Horizontal carrying of FIBCs with forklift trucks ........................................................................................................................................91
19 The safe use of chain blocks and chain lever hoists ......................................................... 93
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.6.1
19.6.2
19.6.3
19.6.4
19.7
19.8
19.9
19.9.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 93
Important warnings ......................................................................................................................... 93
Selecting the correct hoist............................................................................................................... 93
Pre-use checks ................................................................................................................................ 94
Installing and commissioning of hoists .......................................................................................... 94
Operating chain blocks and chain lever hoists safely ..................................................................... 95
Always: ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................95
Never: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................96
Use of multiple lever hoists to share the load ..................................................................................................................................................97
Use of static rigging or multiple rigging points to avoid single point failure.......................................................................................97
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11
20.12
21.7
21.8
21.9
21.10
21.11
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22.4
22.5
22.6
22.6.1
22.6.2
22.6.3
22.6.4
22.6.5
22.6.6
22.6.7
22.6.8
22.6.9
22.6.10
22.7
22.7.1
22.7.2
22.7.3
22.7.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.8.1
23.8.2
23.8.3
23.8.4
23.9
24.4
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.7.1
Methods which are not recommended for hoisting barrels and drums at anytime .......................................................................... 121
25.3
25.3.1
25.3.2
25.3.3
25.3.4
25.3.5
25.3.6
25.3.7
25.4
25.4.1
25.4.2
25.4.3
25.5
25.5.1
25.5.2
25.6
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................122
Material used for sling construction ..............................................................................................122
High tenacity multi-filament fibres .................................................................................................................................................................. 122
High performance fibres ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 123
Types of slings...............................................................................................................................125
Roundsling................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 125
Flat woven webbing sling .................................................................................................................................................................................... 125
Rope sling .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 125
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25.6.1
25.6.2
25.6.3
25.6.4
25.7
25.8
25.8.1
25.8.2
25.9
25.10
Industry practices...........................................................................................................................127
Factor of Safety (FoS) versus Design Factor (DF) ........................................................................127
Factor of Safety........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 127
Design factor and safety factor .......................................................................................................................................................................... 128
25.11
25.12
25.13
25.13.1 Heavy lifts, dynamic operations, subsea and deep-sea hoisting activities.......................................................................................... 132
25.13.2 General hoisting activities, not being engineered ................................................................................................................................... 132
25.14
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Introduction
It is a legal requirement that all operations involving lifting and hoisting equipment shall be planned
and appropriately managed on the basis of risk, complexity of the operations and working
environment (ref. EU Directive 2009/104/EC, annex II, chapter 3.2.5).
This document is aimed for support of high and middle management, who are directly involved with
lifting and hoisting operations, hiring and call out of lifting and hoisting services, procurement of
lifting and hoisting equipment and safety of lifting and hoisting operations.
The main objective is that, regardless of location, if each step of the process outlined in this guidance
is followed and suitably applied then every lifting and hoisting operation should be carried out in a
safe manner because it is:
Properly planned;
Risk assessed;
Supervised; and
Define;
Plan;
Execute;
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1.4 Terminology
Throughout the industry both the words lifting and hoisting are used as if they are
interchangeable. Although both lifting and hoisting involve moving a load vertically, there is a clear
difference:
Hoisting is an activity during which the load is suspended and hangs freely, e.g. by means of a
crane, chain hoist, beam clamp, etc..
Lifting is an activity during which the load is lifted in a controlled and guided manner, normally
spoken from the bottom of the load, e.g. by means of a forklift truck, screw jack, hydraulic
jack, etc..
In this Standard the words lifting and hoisting are used as appropriate and consistent as practically
possible. In some specific situations and for some operations a widely used term or common
expression might be so naturalised, that it was decided to stick to that specific and commonly used
expression.
In order to write this Standard as consistent as possible, a separate chapter gives an overview with all
terms and definitions being used in this Standard. In order to overcome the fact that within the
industry for one role, responsibility or piece of equipment more than one term is in use, the overview
with terms and definitions also contains a column showing synonymous terms for the ones used in
this Standard.
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1.5 Scope
This operational Standard is applicable to mechanical lifting and hoisting activities within Shell UIO,
for which lifting and hoisting equipment is being used as shown in the diagram hereafter and all
lifting and hoisting operations not specifically excluded.
The diagram includes the main categories, however is not limited to the categories mentioned.
Diagram 1:
Hoisting:
chap. 8.2
Mobile cranes
chap. 8.2.2
Tower cranes
chap. 8.2.3
Loader cranes
chap. 8.2.4
Offshore cranes
chap. 8.2.5
Portal / Overhead cranes
chap. 8.2.6
Side booms
chap. 8.2.7
Hoists
chap.8.2.8
Chain lever hoist
Chain block
Jaw winch
Winches
chap. 8.2.9
Chain work
chap. 8.4.1
Slings (chain)
Shackles
Plate clamps
Eye bolts & swivel rings
Wedge sockets
Hooks
Pad eyes and bolts
Beam clamps
Sheave blocks
Beam trolleys
Miscellaneous
Slings (wire rope)
chap. 8.4.2
Synthetic slings
chap. 8.4.3
Lifting:
chap. 8.3
Forklifts
chap. 8.3.2
Reach truck
Motor pallet forklift
Stacking truck
Jacks
chap. 8.3.3
Construction site lifts chap. 8.3.4
Vehicle loading flaps, loading and
unloading systems
chap. 8.3.5
Cable system
Portal system
Hook arm skid system
Earth moving machines
chap. 8.3.6
front loaders
Beams:
Hoisting beams
Spreader beams
Equalising beams
Spreader frames
chap. 8.4.4
Suspended baskets
Personnel carriers
chap. 8.4.5
chap. 8.4.6
Miscellaneous:
chap. 8.4.7
Pallet hooks
Clamps
Fixed hoisting beams & monorails
chap. 8.4.8
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Ship anchor handling, marine towing, and routine ship operations not directly associated with
E&P activities, e.g. ship maintenance
Handling MOB boats (Man Over Board boats) and FRC (Fast Rescue Craft)
Working at height
Responsibility for the planning, preparing and controlling of the lifting and hoisting operations
Knowledge and understanding of lifting and hoisting operations of the Person In Charge
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The company supplying the lifting and hoisting equipment can never be responsible for any
planning or supervising tasks as required per EU Directive 2009/104/EC.
The Person in Charge of the renting organization must have the knowledge and understanding
of all aspects of the lifting and hoisting operation.
The Person in Charge is responsible for planning, preparing, performing and supervising the
lifting and hoisting operations as described in the chapters 2 up to and including 7 of this
Standard.
The equipment owner shall supply lifting and hoisting equipment that are fully in compliance
with applicable rules and regulations. This is described in chapter 8 of this Standard.
The crane or equipment owner shall supply a competent operator, trained and certified
according rules and regulations as described in chapter 9.
The contracted company is responsible for planning, preparing, performing and supervising the
lifting and hoisting operations as described in the chapters 2 up to and including 7 of this
Standard;
The contracted company shall make sure that all lifting and hoisting equipment are fully in
compliance with applicable rules and regulations. This is described in chapter 8 of this
Standard;
The contracted company shall make sure, that all personnel is, trained and certified according
rules and regulations as described in chapter 9.
It is important to note that a standard hire agreement only becomes a contract job when the
contracted company accepts liability for planning and supervising the lifting and hoisting operations.
Specifying the correct type of contract will ultimately improve safety and ensure that the correct
system of work is adopted.
Under contract lifting and hoisting conditions, the principal still retains certain liabilities and
therefore should hold adequate insurance to provide protection against incidents arising from:
Own negligence;
Inadequate or incorrect information supplied in connection with the goods being moved.
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1.6.3
Rental of equipment:
Contract jobs:
The requiring
organisation shall
The requiring
organisation shall
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This chapter establishes roles and responsibilities of personnel involved in lifting and hoisting
operations and list their basic accountabilities and responsibilities.
For the required training and certification of personnel involved in lifting and hoisting operations, see
chapter 9 of this Standard.
2.1 Manager
A manager is the individual who is designated by the business leader as accountable for the
performance of a discrete asset, set of assets, team or operation within a business or function. The
manager assigns roles and responsibilities for the implementation of the HSSE Control Framework to
individuals within their organisation. The term manager is a functional description of the role rather
than a job title - the job title usually reflects the type of asset, team or operation being managed - for
example refinery or chemicals site manager, cluster manager, retail network manager, project
manager, fleet manager, general manager shared services centre, country controller, office director.
The manager is accountable for:
Manage the competences of all people who supervise, operate, inspect and maintain
equipment to be used for lifting and hoisting operations, in line with competence.
Inspect, maintain and certify equipment to be used for lifting and hoisting, including:
o
Use only equipment that is fit for its intended purpose, operating conditions and meets
an internationally recognized standard.
o
Inspect lifting and hoisting equipment at least annually and at least every 6 months for
equipment used for personnel hoisting.
Establish and maintain procedures including work users instructions for all lifting and hoisting
operations.
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The Person In Charge should know his competency limitations, work within them and know when
technical support is needed.
The Person In Charge may request a review by a technical authority if he/she requires additional
technical support.
The Person In Charge:
Categorises the lift, conducts a risk assessment and develops the planning of the lifting and
hoisting operations;
Reviews the Lift Plan and ensures that the required controls are in place;
Selects the lifting and hoisting equipment and ensures that it is inspected and appropriate for
use;
Selects people and ensures that those involved are competent for performing their task, aware
of the task and procedures to be followed, and aware of their responsibilities;
Briefs people involved in or affected by the lifting and hoisting operations and is responsible
for the pre-job toolbox talk;
Assigns one team member as leader of the lifting and hoisting team; normally spoken this will
be the signaller/banksman;
Applies the 10 questions for a safe lift before commencing the lifting and hoisting operation;
Ensures the operations are carried out following the plan. Suspends the operations if changes
or conditions (e.g., wind) occur that would cause a deviation from the plan;
Together with the crane operator and the supply boat captain when working with supply
boats, is jointly responsible for determining if weather conditions are satisfactory for loading
or unloading operations. The Person In Charge will retain the right to shut down crane
operations, but will not override a decision not to load/unload made by the crane operator
and/or boat captain;
Monitors the performance of all involved personnel to ensure that adequate standards of
performance are maintained;
Manages any special issues such as language barriers and new/inexperienced staff;
Shall allow for concurrent or simultaneous operations that may affect or be affected by the lift,
e.g., helicopter operations, cleaning operations, ballast control, other cranes;
Conducts a post-job debriefing and recording of feedback that can be used for future similar
operations that might improve the general safety level of lifting and hoisting operations.
Have had their competence to supervise and/or perform the type of lifting and hoisting
operations identified as satisfactory for the specific operation;
Have experience of, and demonstrated competency in, the safe use and operation of the
equipment and techniques required to perform the subject operations in the prevailing
situation and conditions.
All personnel have an equal responsibility to know, and work within, their own competency and
experience to complete the lifting and hoisting operations. They are required to attend and
participate in toolbox talks and carry out pre-use inspections of lifting and hoisting equipment.
If any personnel in a lifting and hoisting team consider that the operation exceeds their level of
competency or experience, or have concerns about the safety of the operations, they must stop
the operation until a suitable person with the required competence and experience is able to
assist or take over.
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Within a competent lifting and hoisting team, there are always at least three specific tasks that need
to be addressed:
1.
Attaching and detaching the load to and from the lifting and hoisting appliance;
2.
Relaying the load movement signal to the operator of the lifting and hoisting appliance;
3.
Operating the lifting and hoisting appliance.
Based on the three specific tasks that need to be addressed, a competent lifting and hoisting team
should always consist of at least three team members, one person for each task mentioned.
Leader of this team is always the person who has the responsibility of relaying the load movement
signal to the appliance operator; the signaller/banksman.
Only under exceptional circumstances and upon completion of a thorough risk assessment lifting and
hoisting operations are allowed to be carried out by a two man lifting and hoisting team.
Conditions that need to be addressed strictly for this exception are:
1.
Lifting and Hoisting operations are categorised as Routine;
2.
Both members of the two man team, the appliance operator and the signaller/banksman,
are competent, skilled and experienced and have confirmed to the Person In Charge that
operations can be carried out safely;
3.
Normal working, surrounding and weather conditions.
In this situation the first team member operates the appliance and the second combines the tasks of
attaching the load, relaying the load movement signals to the operator and detaching the load.
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2.8 Rigger
Competent person who is able to plan and execute a rigging job by moving a load horizontally,
vertically and possibly through different floor levels, by use of different lifting and hoisting
equipment.
A rigger is of a higher competence level than a signaller/banksman. He has been trained and assessed
in the safe use of a much broader range of lifting and hoisting equipment, especially in the use of
dedicated equipment for jacking, skidding and sliding of loads.
2.9 Signaller/banksman
According to the ISO 15513 standard, a signaller is a person responsible for relaying the signal from
the slinger to the crane driver.
Within the offshore industry a more common name is banksman. For other synonymous names
please check the overview with terms and definitions in the last chapter of this Standard.
The signaller/banksman is a competent person positioned so that he has an unrestricted view of the
load and the crane operator.
The signaller/banksman is responsible for ensuring the load is properly prepared for the hoisting
operation and the hoisting area being clear of personnel and obstructions; relaying instructions to
the crane operator via hand signals or radio during operations; and maintaining an overview of the
hoisting operations area, including potential areas where the boom may come in contact with a fixed
equipment or structure.
The signaller/banksman is the sole signaller at any given time, has a direct line of sight of the load at
any time and adheres to a clear process. If a handover to another signaller/banksman is required he
informs the Person In Charge as well as the appliance operator clearly about the handover.
There may be a requirement for the signaller/banksman to assist in the preparation of the load,
for example with guidance on slinging activities. However, the signaller/banksman shall not
handle rigging activities himself and shall not touch the load during the lifting and hoisting
operations.
2.10 Slinger
According to the ISO 15513 standard, a slinger is a person responsible for attaching and detaching
the load to and from the crane load-attachment and for the use of the correct lifting gear and
equipment in accordance with the planning of the operation for proper positioning of loads.
The slinger is responsible for initiating the planned movement of the crane and load to the
signaller/banksman.
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European Council Directive 2009/104/EC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements
for the use of work equipment by workers at work, ANNEX II, read as follows:
Article: 3.2.5:
All lifting operations must be properly planned, appropriately supervised and carried out to protect
the safety of workers.
This article within European law, makes it is a regulatory requirement and an important safety
enhancement that prior to any lifting and hoisting operation being carried out, plans shall be
produced and risk assessments shall be carried out. The level of planning and risk assessment
increases with the complexity of the lifting and hoisting operations, as does the required level of
supervision.
All lifting and hoisting operations entail the same four basic process steps:
1.
Define
2.
Plan
3.
Execute
4.
Learn and record.
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Categories
Control
Measures
Routine
1: Routine lifting and hoisting operations.
Ordinary operations with a crane.
Ordinary operations with portable lifting appliances.
Deck operations with an offshore crane and handling
standard CCUs to and from a supply boat.
Stable load with known and evaluated weight, shape and
centre of gravity.
Standard rigging arrangements.
Suitable environmental conditions.
Non - Routine
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Plan number:
AREA:
Non Routine
simple or basic
Routine
Non-Routine
complicated
Non-Routine
complex/critical
Existing procedure:
Sketch:
Drawing number:
Drawing number:
WEIGHT OF LOAD(S):
ALL OPERATIONS REQUIRE THE FOLLOWING TO BE CONSIDERED BUT THIS LIST IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE
Weight, size, shape and centre of gravity load
Method of slinging, attaching, detaching the load
Availability of approved hoisting points on the load
Maximum radius of hoisting the load
Level and firm ground conditions
Area for setting up with outriggers fully extended
Access and emergency escape routes
Number and duration of lifts, hoists
Visibility of the load
Hoisting over live equipment
Conflicting tasks in area
Verbal
Hand Signals
PLANNED BY
NAME:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:
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Hoisting of personnel;
Working at height;
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Directive 89/391/EEC - measures for promoting improvement of the health and safety of
employees at work.
Directive 92/91/EEC - minimum requirements for improvement of the protection of the health
and safety of employees in the mining industries who mine minerals by means of drilling.
Using synthetic slings for loading and back-loading of cargo or any other dynamic
hoisting situation is never allowed;
In case the load to be hoisted can be subject to snatch or shocks, synthetic slings shall
never be used;
It is recommended that wire rope slings have preference over synthetic slings in an
offshore environment.
In case of complex/critical lifting and hoisting operations, such as e.g. subsea operations,
decommissioning operations or very heavy operations, slings manufactured from a fibre (such as
Dyneema) are allowed under the following conditions:
1)
Manufacturing of the slings in compliance with applicable Standards;
2)
Slings tested, certified and being used for the specific operation only;
3)
Whenever relevant subject to approval of Marine Warranty Surveyors.
4.2.2 Ground conditions
Access roads shall be strong enough to withstand axle loads of mobile lifting and hoisting equipment.
Ground condition shall be suitable to support the crane under fully loaded conditions. The ground
should always be firm and level. For mobile lifting and hoisting equipment, ground stabilising
mechanisms must be provided if necessary, by means of road access plates, mats or dragline boards
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Care should be taken to ensure there are no dangers to or from underground services such as gas
mains, oil or chemical product pipelines, electric cables, water mains etc. Additional care has to be
taken when working near exposed edges such as quaysides but even more so, near edges of
excavations. Check that the type of ground can withstand the maximum bearing pressures
transmitted through the outriggers.
Stable subsoil
The subsoil must be sufficiently stable to withstand the expected axle loads and ground bearing
pressure from the outriggers.
When there is no specific information available about the subsoil structure, the maximum
allowable surface pressure shall not exceed 10 tonnes/m2 under all circumstances. Mobile
cranes shall be equipped with outrigger plates making sure that ground bearing pressure will
never exceed 10 tonnes/m2. These outrigger plates shall be used at all times to prevent the
equipment toppling over!
Ground bearing pressure can be decreased through the application of larger mats.
Outrigger plate
Mat
The mats under the outrigger plates shall be positioned fully horizontally and placed under the
outrigger in a central position.
Special attention must be paid to disturbed soil (filled-in trenches and ditches) or in the vicinity of
foundations.
Within one (1) metre of concrete foundations: the maximum allowable surface pressure shall
never exceed 5 tonnes/m2.
Driving and / or erecting equipment in basements and on floors in buildings is prohibited. This may
only be permitted after an expert has performed a calculation, and driving and / or erecting of the
equipment can take place in accordance with a dedicated risk assessment based on this calculation.
Level subsoil
The access road and the subsoil must be sufficiently level for the lifting and hoisting equipment. The
manholes and manhole covers in the access road may pose a risk with regard to insufficient strength
and unevenness.
Subsoil that is not sufficiently level can result in the impossibility to erect the crane according to
manufacturers instructions.
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The crane may not be erected too close to the edge of an excavation.
Important: B shall at least be equal to or larger than A.
4.2.3 Height
One of the external surrounding factors having impact on lifting and hoisting activities is height.
Height restrictions might be caused by:
Surrounding.
Overhead Power Cables:
Any presence of overhead power cables or overhead electricity lines shall be identified, risk assessed
and dealt with in the Lift Plan. The requirements regarding the safe distance to the electric lines or
cables shall be included in the Lift Plan.
Overhead power cables shall be considered live, unless declared dead and safe by the operator
of the line.
Working near overhead power cables is possible without permits when no parts of the lifting and
hoisting equipment (in all possible configurations) or load to be handled can ever fall within 30
metres from the centre of the electric line. This is known as the danger zone.
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Working in the danger zone may only take place with permissions from the network operator.
When working parallel to overhead power cables, a string of warning markers should be erected at a
safe distance from the cables. The string should be supported on posts at convenient intervals and
each post should carry the warning notice: Danger overhead electricity lines
If any part of the lifting and hoisting equipment or load being handled will be within 15 meters
of overhead lines or if access to the work site passes beneath an overhead power line, lifting
and hoisting activities are only allowed after:
Having work instructions in place, that are clear, risk assessed and communicated with
everyone involved in the lifting and hoisting operation.
The operator of the line is usually the local Regional Distribution Company or National Grid. The
owner's name will often be posted on the support pole or tower. If in doubt call the local Regional
Electricity Company office.
All distances should be measured at ground level from a position estimated by eye to be vertically
under the outer most conductor at a tower or pole position.
For setting up work instructions obtain the Health and Safety Executive Guidance note GS6
"Avoidance of danger from overhead electric power lines" and apply the guidance information it
gives you.
Pipes, bridges, steel constructions and buildings
Lifting and hoisting activities near and under pipes, bridges, steel constructions and buildings shall be
identified in the Lift Plan. The requirements regarding the safe working distance to these
obstructions and additional control measures should be an integral part of the risk assessment.
Special arrangements and safety precautions shall be taken to protect critical pipes or other
constructions.
Note: Hoisting operations over active or energised process equipment containing hydrocarbon shall
be categorised as Complex/Critical lifting and hoisting operations at all times; refer to Chapter 3.
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height restrictions;
Miscellaneous
Free space
When erecting cranes and working with machines, entrapment dangers to people should be avoided.
An entrapment danger can arise when equipment is erected in the vicinity of fixed objects.
A safe distance of at least 0.5 metres must be maintained at all times between any moving part of
cranes (with a special attention for the counterweight during slewing around) and surrounding
objects.
If the distance is smaller than 0.5 metres, safety precautions must be taken in the form of stationary
or rigid barriers (no tape).
Areas open to public
Lifting and hoisting operations over highways, railways, rivers or other places to which the public has
access should be avoided at all times. If this is not possible, permission must be obtained from the
appropriate authority and the area should be kept clear of traffic and persons.
Railways
Without permission it is not allowed to work within a specific safety zone or safety profile of the
railways.
Always consult local laws and regulations before planning of lifting and hoisting operations near
railways.
More than 1 machine
If there is a possibility of multiple machines entering one another's working range, agreements must
be made to prevent the machines or loads from coming into contact with each other. The activities
must be characterised as 'Complicated lifting and hoisting operations' (refer to Chapter 3).
Hoisting operations through hatches, small deck openings, roofs and in shafts
Hoisting operations through hatches, small deck openings, roofs and in shafts should be categorised
as Complex/Critical lifting and hoisting operations.
Control and safety measures shall be fully in line as per Chapter 3 of this Standard.
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4.3 Weather
Adverse weather conditions will increase the risks presented to personnel, equipment and assets as a
result of lifting and hoisting operations.
Prior to commencing hoisting operations the crane operator shall take stock of the prevailing
weather conditions (wind speed and direction, visibility, etc.). Hoisting operations shall not
commence if the weather or environmental conditions are likely to jeopardise the safety of the
activity.
When assessing weather conditions related to the impact on lifting and hoisting operations, the
following topics should be considered.
4.3.1 Wind
Cranes may only be operated below the maximum allowable wind speeds as stated in the users
instructions of the crane.
However, in the event there is no statement made in the instructions, hoisting operations shall be
suspended as from wind speeds exceeding 13.8 m/s. (Beaufort scale 7 and higher).
Special care must be taken during high wind conditions with regard to:
The geometry and shape of the load; (e.g. load with large dynamic surface and minimal
weight);
Direction of the wind and position of the crane, load will move to/from or sideward of the
crane.
Offshore operations
Prior to commencement of discharging cargo from and back loading of cargo to supply vessels, the
crane operator should confirm that the prevailing wind and sea-state conditions are within the
Installation Adverse Weather Policy limits.
Under no circumstances shall lifting and hoisting operations exceed the limits applicable for the
vessel, crane or installation.
4.3.2 Sea-state
Offshore cranes can be used up to a certain sea-state. The crane operator must ensure that the
Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) is set to the appropriate sea-state and that any alteration in sea-state
during cargo handling operations is taken into account and the RCI adjusted accordingly.
4.3.3 Temperature
Extreme cold weather can have a negative effect on safety of lifting and hoisting operations. Always
be aware of the chill factor during high winds.
-15C. to -30C.
-30C. to -40C.
Below -40C.
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Synthetic slings
The materials from which synthetic slings are manufactured all have a different resistance to
chemicals. Seek the advice of the manufacturer or supplier of the sling if there is any probability of it
being exposed to chemicals.
It should also be noted that the effects of chemicals increase with rising temperatures. The
resistance of synthetic slings to chemical reactions and temperatures is summarised below:
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In all cases, observe the instructions for use of the manufacturer. Temperature ranges may
vary according to the chemical environment;
Precautions should be taken with welding activities so that synthetic slings do not come into
contact with heat and welding sparks / hot cinders. Welding sparks and hot cinders can lead to
burnt holes, resulting in immediate damage to the synthetic sling;
Wet synthetic slings which have been frozen may never be used again;
Harmless acid or alkaline solutions can become so concentrated through evaporation that they
cause damage. Take contaminated slings out of operation immediately, rinse them in cold
water and dry them in the open air;
Synthetic slings shall be taken out of service and destroyed to prevent future use, whenever in
doubt as to the strength of the sling. For rejection criteria see chapter 8.4.3.
Wire rope and wire slings
Wire ropes and wire slings should not be used when either immersed in acidic solutions or exposed
to acid fumes. Attention is drawn to the fact that certain production processes involve acidic
solutions, fumes and sprays and in these circumstances the manufacturers advice should be sought.
In general, it can be stated that wire rope can be used in a safe manner up to 100oC. From 100oC,
dependent on the end connection of the cable and the wire rope grease used, a reduction must be
applied. Consult the directions for use from the manufacturer / supplier for this purpose.
4.7 Lighting
Lifting and hoisting operations during hours of darkness bring in additional risks that shall be risk
assessed.
It is a legal requirement to have suitable and sufficient lighting on every workplace. All roads,
manoeuvring areas, yards, pedestrian areas, and anywhere traffic movement take place, should have
suitable and sufficient lighting for safety. Lights should be kept in good working order, and the covers
kept clean.
Areas near junctions, buildings, plant, pedestrian routes and areas, and places where vehicles or
mobile plant regularly move, all need particular attention.
Where lights are placed can be very important. Tall vehicles can block light, even when it comes from
windows or lamps that are high on posts, or on walls, ceilings, canopies and so on. Lights should be
placed over the space between vehicle bays, rather than over the centre of the bay where a tall
vehicle could block them.
If crane operators and signaller/banksman have to look towards strong lights, place and angle the
lights so that they do not dazzle the operator either directly or by his mirrors.
Necessary lighting shall be provided to ensure a well-lit working area for the members of the lifting
and hoisting team and for all the people in the vicinity of the job. Special attention must be paid to
the visibility of the signaller/banksman and the load.
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The use of synthetic slings shall not be allowed between the hook of the crane and the load;
Always work with the crane reeved in an uneven amount of falls in case of synthetic sheaves in
the hook-block.
In both mentioned situations the synthetic parts will work as an isolator to the load and electricity
charged on the load cannot flow away, even with an earthing on the crane.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Is everyone aware of and do they fully understand the lifting and hoisting procedures
applicable to the lift?
Has everyone attended the toolbox talk?
Has a pre-use inspection of the Lifting Equipment been carried out and are the Lifting
Accessories tagged or marked with:
The Person In Charge shall ensure that lifting and hoisting operations are
conducted in strict accordance with the approved plan. Any variation from
the agreed lifting and hoisting plan shall result in the job being made safe,
stopped and reassessed to ensure continued safe operation.
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5.3 Barriers
All personnel and third parties shall be kept out of any area where they might be struck by a load or
lifting and hoisting equipment if it swings, shifts or falls. No one shall stand or work directly below a
load.
The work area shall be closed off, to prevent crushing or clenching people by the load or lifting and
hoisting equipment.
The barrier can be made using red/white or black/yellow marking tape, but it is preferable to use
physical barriers.
Entrance to the closed area is prohibited without permission of the lifting and hoisting operator or
signaller/banksman.
During the preparation, setting up or the installation of the lifting and hoisting appliance the working
area shall be closed for people who are not involved with preparing operations. It shall be clear for all
people (e.g. by means of barriers, signals, warnings) before entry of the working area.
1. The working range, with all moving parts of the lifting and hoisting equipment shall be
closed by a physical barrier at all times;
2. When the lifting and hoisting operations starts, the area, from where the load is being
picked-up until the area where the load is going to be landed (the travel path of the
suspended load), should be closed by a physical barrier;
3. For occasionally hoisting outside the fenced off area, a dedicated person must walk at
safe distance of the load to keep anyone passing by at a distance and to indicate the
danger.
Personnel involved in the lifting and hoisting operation shall have an escape route at all times in case
of an unexpected movement of the load or the equipment.
Persons shall not be permitted to enter the lifting and hoisting area or to board or leave the hoisting
appliance without first obtaining permission for the signaller/banksman or crane operator.
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The tag line shall be attached to the load only and not to the lifting and hoisting accessories.
Hold the tag line securely, but never wrap the line around any part of your body or any fixed point.
When handling long loads, baskets or other awkward loads, ensure that taglines are attached to
assist with the control and handling of the load when required by the risk assessment.
If several tag lines are necessary, additional personnel can be involved in the operation as slinger.
Tag lines should be used to keep control of a load, not to gain control over a load.
Effects of weather on the workplace of the slinger(s), such as rain, snow and strong winds;
Weight of the accessories that are going to be used to connect the load. The weight of the
accessories shall be added to the weight of the load and results in the total weight of the load
to be handled by the appliance(s).
The load shall be connected to the lifting and hoisting accessories fully in line with users instructions
of the load, the lifting and hoisting accessories and according good rigging practices.
Improvising or deviating from the users instructions is not permitted.
The signaller/banksman shall ensure himself, that: the load is secure and properly balanced
and that the load path is clear of obstructions and personnel;
The cargo manifest offshore including load weights is reviewed with the crane operator;
Loads, containers and open baskets are inspected for deficiencies and to ensure goods are
properly stowed;
Escape routes have been identified should a problem develop during the lifting and hoisting
operation;
The hoisting area and receiving corridor are clear of obstructions and unassigned personnel.
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5.6 Securing the load after the lifting and hoisting operations
Before unlocking the lifting and hoisting accessories from the load, the load shall be stable under all
circumstances. Attention is required for the stability of the load under influence of e.g. wind, surface
and underground.
The signaller/banksman shall be sure that the lifting and hoisting accessories are unlocked and free
from the load before the lifting and hoisting appliance or the hook is moved away from the load and
cannot spontaneous hook the load!
It is forbidden in all circumstances to pull the hoisting accessories from under the load by means of
the lifting and hoisting appliance.
The load is on the ground, or else has been safely landed and there is no load resting on the
lifting and hoisting wire or slings;
The lifting and hoisting appliance is secured and the break is engaged;
For winches and cranes: the installation is switched to neutral or off mode;
For cranes: the motor is switched off and the master switch or the ignition is locked;
In case of long term out-of-service, the crane is locked and the hook is protected against
swinging so that it cannot cause any hazard for the environment.
Any incidents taking place during the lifting and hoisting operation shall be reported to the HSE focal
point within 24 hours.
After the operation is completed, any barriers shall be removed and the area made tidy.
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After completing the lifting and hoisting operation, everyone involved in the operation should have
the opportunity to discuss and make improvements to the Lift Plan. Any learning points noted on
the plan should be reviewed by the Person In Charge and, where appropriate, action taken. For
example, learning points may include feedback on equipment effectiveness, lifting and hoisting
techniques, personnel, etc.
The Person In Charge should ensure that the significant learnings and improvements identified from
lifting and hoisting operations are recorded and communicated to all relevant parties.
Except for being a correct working practice to learn and record, it is also recommended in case of
future similar operations.
Especially for non-routine simple lifting and hoisting operations that can be expected to be carried
out again in the near future, by learning and recording it might give reason to categorise them as
routine operations in the future.
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Load
7.1 Introduction
Lifting and hoisting equipment is used to move the load. Regardless all applicable requirements for
the lifting and hoisting equipment, the load to be moved must meet requirements as well.
Integrity
The load shall possess sufficient integrity to withstand the forces applied during lifting and hoisting
operations.
Stability
The method of rigging the load shall ensure that it remains stable and cannot tip, slip, swing or fall
unintentionally. Stability shall be confirmed during planning of the operations.
For any rigging operation, the first order of business is to determine forces (loads) and their
direction, magnitude, load-bearing surfaces, method of connection, required support, effects of
motion, etc. After these factors are determined, equipment selection will follow for safe handling
and installation of the load.
To determine the above factors, everyone involved in lifting and hoisting operations must know
something about fundamental engineering principles such as determination of stresses, effect of
motion, weight of loads, centre of gravity, and factor of safety.
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Force
Force is a measure of the interaction between bodies. It takes a number of forms including shortrange atomic forces, electromagnetic, and gravitational forces. Force is a vector quantity, with both
direction and magnitude.
Load
Load is a term frequently used in engineering to mean the force exerted on a surface or body.
In lifting and hoisting it is standard practice to indicate capacities of lifting and hoisting equipment as
well as the weight of the load in (metric) tons (or kilograms).
The weight of the load must be known in order to choose the correct hoisting or lifting equipment.
The mass can be determined by:
Calculation;
Estimation.
7.2.2 Centre of gravity
Jobsite accidents are caused by the lack of understanding that whenever a load is hoisted, the center
of gravity of the load will place itself vertically below the hook, regardless of the arrangement of the
slings, lift beams, or other attachments. The reason is based on the fact that the sum of the forces
and moments needs to be zero for a body in equilibrium.
The centre of gravity of a body is that point on the body through which the weight of the body could
be considered to be concentrated for all orientations of the body. For a body whose weight per net
volume is uniform, the centre of gravity lies at its centre. The centre of gravity is the location where
the centre of the objects entire weight is theoretically concentrated and where the object will
balance when it is hoisted. For a balanced hoist, the objects centre of gravity is always in line below
the hook. The manufacturers normally provide the centre of gravity locations of equipment, reactors,
heat exchangers, and vessels.
However, manufacturers drawings typically have more information than just the centre of gravity
location, and the engineer needs to sift through all of the information and identify what is relevant.
In some cases, unfortunately, there is not enough information. When this occurs, conservative
assumptions will need to be made to proceed with the study at hand. The engineer is responsible for
contacting the appropriate people and validating the assumptions.
After the centre of gravity is determined, the loads that each hoisting point receives can be
determined.
Centre of gravity at
loads center
Load is stable
Centre of gravity
eccentric
Load is moving
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Centre of gravity
places itself below
the hook
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The centre of gravity of the load must always be within the lifting equipments lifting surface (e.g.
within the forks of a fork lift truck).
The centre of gravity (and mass) is determining the lifting equipments capacity (e.g. a fork lift truck)
The positioning of the centre of gravity is important in relation to the stability of the load before,
during and after moving the load.
Stable load
Unstable load
Unstable load
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Knowing the centre of gravity is important during lifting as well as during hoisting. Attaching slings at
the bottom of a load with a high centre of gravity might result in the load becoming unstable.
For liquids and granulates, a changing centre of gravity could cause instability (dynamic and static)
Granulate in CCU
symmetric
Granulate in CCU
a-symmetric
Liquid in a container
Moving centre of gravity
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A long, small load is moved in a complete different way, than a symmetrical load that has the same
dimensions for length, width and height.
The loads strength and composition also play a role in this respect.
Several examples are illustrated below:
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Load having provisions to attach temporary attachment points for hoisting accessories;
Work equipment having permanently installed attachment points for the hoisting accessories.
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The Shell UIO Operational Standard for lifting and hoisting is configured in such a way, that all
applicable rules, regulations and requirements for lifting and hoisting equipment can be found in one
Chapter.
We kindly revert to Chapter 8 of the mentioned Standard for the requirements of lifting and hoisting
accessories.
7.3.4 Load equipped with purpose designed hoisting points permanently fastened
Loads can be equipped with all kinds of purpose designed hoisting points permanently fastened to
the load to connect hoisting accessories such as slings and shackles.
Typical examples of these loads are:
Concrete foundations and concrete building elements with dedicated pockets or cast in pins or
spherical head anchors (hoisting anchor system) ;
Pre- assembled units, pre-assembled racks, installation components, pressure vessels, heat
exchangers, valves and tanks with welded or casted on dedicated hoisting lugs or padeyes;
Heavy refinery columns and reactor vessels with hoisting trunnions and tailing lug.
All above mentioned hoisting points are deemed to be part of the load.
It is recommended to mark the load with the weight and instructions for hoisting.
These purpose designed hoisting points require a pre-use check.
Once the load is installed there is no formal obligation to keep these attachment points for hoisting
maintained. However: in those situations they are going to be used for removal of the loads after
several years or a longer period of service, these hoisting attachment points shall be thoroughly
inspected by a competent person. Inspection to be supported by a check with the original Technical
Construction File and most of the time done by means of Non Destructive Testing.
7.3.5
Work equipment having permanently installed attachment points for the hoisting
accessories
Work equipment can also be equipped with all kinds of purpose designed hoisting points
permanently fastened to the load to connect hoisting accessories such as slings and shackles.
This work equipment is frequently transported from one working location to another working
location and hoisted to and from transport and into its final position.
Just some examples are:
Sand catchers;
Subsea equipment;
Cement silos;
Generator skids;
Machinery.
The manufacturer of the work equipment shall construct and deliver onto the market above
mentioned equipment fully in compliance with the European Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC).
He must have a Technical Construction File and by means of the declaration of conformity the
manufacturer declares the provisions for hoisting are fit for purpose and of adequate strength.
The manufacturer shall deliver users instructions and he is obliged to inform on a safe way of hoisting
in these instructions (Directive 2006/42/EC, ANNEX I, article 1.7.4.2).
The owner of the work equipment shall instruct his employees on the safe way of working and using
the work equipment, including the safe way of hoisting.
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The following shall be prominently and indelibly marked on the work equipment:
Identification number;
A valid certification date, preferably mentioning the date until it is safe to use them.
References and further information:
Identification number;
A valid certification date, preferably mentioning the date until it is safe to use them.
An instruction must be supplied with or attached to the equipment (or instructions must otherwise
be known). These instructions shall indicate the safe way of hoisting the equipment.
Remark:
Cargo Carrying Units and transport holders being used or intended to be used in an offshore
environment shall meet all requirements of EN - 12079: 2006, Offshore containers and associated
lifting sets, parts 1,2 and 3.
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Subject
Weight - Mass
Point of attention
Incorrect estimation of the
weight of the load.
Risk
Overloading of the lifting or
hoisting equipment
Tilting load
Swinging load (hoisting)
Overloading (lifting)
Tilting (lifting)
Instability during
hoisting/lifting
Dimensions
Mechanical
Instruction manual
No instruction manual
Maintenance
Wear
Inspection/testing
Hidden defects
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Lifting and hoisting appliances and accessories shall fulfil the requirements of: EU Machinery
Directives 89/392/EEG, 98/37/EG or 2006/42/EG.
Lifted and hoisted equipment shall fulfil requirements of International Standards and approved
industry bodies.
See diagram 2 here under.
8.1.1 Declaration of conformity
All lifting and hoisting appliances and accessories shall fulfil the requirements of the Machinery
Directive 89/392/EEG, 98/37/EG or 2006/42/EG. The assembler/supplier has to declare by
declaration of conformity that the equipment fulfils the essential safety requirements of the
mentioned directive. The declaration shall give a description and identification of the lifting and
hoisting equipment.
The declaration of conformity should be kept readily accessible by the owner, for as long as the
equipment is being used.
Lifted and hoisted equipment is excluded from the Machinery Directive, but shall meet requirements
of international standards or industry bodies.
Diagram 2:
Lifting & hoisting equipment
EU Directive 2009/104/EC
Machinery Directive
Machinery Directive
Standards (ISO/EN)
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8.1.3 Inspection
All used lifting and hoisting equipment (see diagram 2) shall fulfil the requirements of the directive
concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers
at work:
Directive 2009/104/EC, article 5: inspection of work equipment:
1
The employer shall ensure that where the safety of work equipment depends on the installation conditions, it shall
be subject to an initial inspection (after installation and before first being put into service) and an inspection after
assembly at a new site or in a new location by competent persons within the meaning of national laws and/or
practices, to ensure that the work equipment has been installed correctly and is operating properly.
In order to ensure that health and safety conditions are maintained and that deterioration liable to result in
dangerous situations can be detected and remedied in good time, the employer shall ensure that work equipment
exposed to conditions causing such deterioration is subject to:
a.
periodic inspections and, where appropriate, testing by competent persons within the meaning of national
laws and/or practices;
b.
special inspections by competent persons within the meaning of national laws and/or practices each time
that exceptional circumstances which are liable to jeopardise the safety of the work equipment have
occurred, such as modification work, accidents, natural phenomena or prolonged periods of inactivity.
The results of inspections shall be recorded and kept at the disposal of the authorities concerned. They must be
kept for a suitable period of time.
When work equipment is used outside the undertaking it shall be accompanied by physical evidence that the last
inspection has been carried out.
Member States shall determine the conditions under which such inspections are made.
Frequency of inspection;
12 months for lifting and hoisting accessories as well as lifted and hoisted equipment;
for UK this maximum period is 6 months, unless covered by a written examination
scheme as described in LOLER Regulation 9 (3) (a) iii.
Remark: Whenever local law and regulations require a shorter interval or more stringent inspection
schedule, law and regulations shall always prevail.
8.1.5 Definition of inspection
Examination of a product design, product, service, process or plant, and determination of their
conformity with specific requirements or, on the basis of professional judgment, general
requirements (ISO/IEC 17020).
Synonyms for inspection:
Examination;
Thorough examination;
Periodic examination;
Periodic inspection.
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Figure indicating the month and the year of the last inspection date and preferably the next
inspection date; (often referred to as valid certification date);
United Kingdom, Ireland and Netherlands use red as warning colour for equipment taken out
of service.
In Norway white indicates that the equipment shall not be used. (regulated in NORSOK R-003)
8.1.9 Documentation registration
A lifting and hoisting equipment register system shall be in place for the registration and recording of
the following data for all lifting and hoisting equipment:
Identification number;
Inspection schedule;
Dates and numbers of certificates of tests, inspections and name of person who performed
these;
Maintenance Log.
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Inspection schedules, reports of inspections and other documents (such as the declaration of
conformity) relating to lifting and hoisting equipment must be readily available to inspectors from
the relevant enforcing authority should they request to see them.
8.1.10 Maintenance and condition of lifting and hoisting equipment
The equipment shall be maintained according manufacturers instructions and always be suitable for
a safe use.
The condition of the lifting and hoisting equipment shall be:
Without wearing;
Without damage.
Fire extinguisher;
Barrier tape.
Cranes with malfunctioning or not working Safety Critical Elements, such as limit switches and
Rated Capacity Indicators, shall be taken out of service.
For those situations, that there is a need to use a crane with malfunctioning or not working Safety
Critical Elements, their shall be an approval for use of the crane by a Technical Authority level 1, and
the hoisting operations shall be categorized as non routine complex critical operations.
Hooks
For dynamic hoists, the use with tugger winches on the rig floor and moon-pool areas, safety
hooks having two barriers preventing unintentional release shall be used at all times.
Two barrier locking can be achieved by:
1.
The use of safety hooks with a built in mechanical safety lock;
2.
Hooks with a locking pin construction on the safety latch or mechanical secondary
locking.
8.2.2 Mobile cranes
Frequency inspection:
every 12 months.
Special requirements:
Mobile cranes equipped with an option to use a load chart without using the outriggers,
shall never use this option. Working without outriggers in use is strictly forbidden.
8.2.3 Tower cranes
Frequency inspection:
every 12 months.
Special requirements:
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Offshore cranes used for hoisting of personnel with a suspended basket or transferring
personnel by personnel carrier shall be certified for such hoisting and clearly marked on the
outside of the crane;
The latch on the main hook and whip-line hook shall always be fitted with a lock-pin to
prevent unintentional opening of the latch;
Any crane ball or block shall be painted in a fluorescent orange colour that is easily
visible.
8.2.6 Portal / overhead cranes
Frequency inspection:
every 12 months.
Special requirements:
Chain block;
Jaw winch.
Frequency inspection:
every 12 months.
Special requirements:
Certified anchor points for the hooks when hooks not attached to the load;
If and when required to be used on engineered and calculated installation places with
sufficient sea fastening;
Inspection directly after assembling and before first use at the workplace.
Whenever two or more winches are used in a nearby area, matching colors shall be used
for winch controls, hooks, swivels, wire end and hook anchor point to ensure a safe
communication during the operations.
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A counterbalance weight shall be used at the wire end, if the hoisting involves the
removing of the load from the wire end above the height of the winch. Counterbalance
weight shall be a certified lifting accessory.
Winches used for manriding operations shall be certified for such operations, clearly
marked: dedicated for manriding and never used for any other purpose.
It is recommended to use a soft link, between the wire end and the parking post to protect the
winch wire end for being sheared.
Forklift trucks;
Reach trucks;
Stacking trucks.
Frequency inspection:
every 12 months.
Special requirements:
every 12 months.
no.
Inspection directly after assembling and before first use at the workplace.
Cable system
(lifting);
Portal system
(hoisting);
every 12 months.
no.
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Front loaders.
Frequency inspection:
Special requirements:
every 12 months.
See statement below.
Besides excavation work, hydraulic excavating and earth moving machines can also be used to move
free hanging loads.
limited hoisting work:
These are hoisting operations that have a direct relationship with the excavation work, such as the
laying of pipelines, etc, the loading and unloading of accessories and supporting partitions and
driving with the machine whilst the load is hanging freely at a maximum of 1 metre above the driving
level. The excavation machine must satisfy the following requirements:
Users instructions and crane book if capacity equivalent to or greater than 2 tons.;
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Slings (chain);
Shackles;
Plate clamps;
Wedge sockets;
Hooks;
Beam clamps;
Sheave blocks;
Beam trolleys;
Miscellaneous:
Hoisting caps;
Hoisting nuts;
Hoisting nipples.
Frequency Inspection:
every 12 months. UK: every 6 months.
Special requirements for dynamic hoisting:
Hooks:
Safety hooks with a built in mechanical safety lock and a locking pin
construction (or mechanical secondary locking).
8.4.2 Slings (wire rope)
Frequency Inspection:
every 12 months. UK: every 6 months.
Special requirements:
Rejection of rope when more than five of the wires can be seen to be broken in any five
diameter length, or three or more closely grouped wires are broken.
8.4.3
Synthetic slings
Frequency Inspection: every 6 months.
Special requirements:
Rejection criteria:
Punctures or snaps;
Any other visible damage that causes doubt as to the strength of the sling.
For synthetic slings up to a WLL of 5 ton, that are used frequently, Shell recommends a maximum in
use period of 1 year.
Based on this recommendation, for NL operations, the frequency of inspection can be 12 months of
all of the following conditions are unconditionally fulfilled:
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1.
2.
3.
8.4.4 Beams
Requirements mentioned here after are applicable for:
Hoisting beams;
Spreader beams;
Equalising beams;
Spreader frames.
Frequency inspection:
every 12 months. UK: every 6 months.
Special requirements:
Suspended baskets
Frequency Inspection: every 6 months.
Special requirements:
See practical guideline: hoisting personnel with a crane, using a suspended basket.
Personnel Carriers
Frequency Inspection: every 6 months.
Special requirements:
See practical guideline: transfer of personnel by personnel carrier.
Pallet hooks;
Clamps.
Frequency Inspection:
Special requirements:
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Personnel
Lifting and hoisting operations can be dangerous and as such, require skilled, trained and competent
persons. In most cases it is members of the lifting and hoisting team that are injured when accidents
happen.
Root Cause Analysis of incidents related to lifting and hoisting operations within the E&P sector,
indicates that as much as at least 80 % of incidents are related to human errors. These can, for
example, be incomplete organizing of the operation, incorrect operation with regards to equipment
and procedures, incorrect or incomplete maintenance or incomplete securing of the area where the
lifting and hoisting operation takes place.
It cannot be assumed, so must be assured, that all personnel involved are aware of:
The operation being performed according to local rules, regulations and procedures.
This can be achieved if the people involved understand why plans and procedures are as they are and
consequently realize that this is the safe way to do the operation. Involved personnel should feel
ownership of the plans and recommended practices that are in use.
Employers are legally obliged to assure that all personnel involved in lifting and hoisting operations
are trained, have the required experience for the type of operations to be undertaken, and be
formally assessed as competent.
Personnel who must be adequately trained in the safe planning and operation of lifting and hoisting
equipment, appropriate to their role and specific to the type and model of lifting equipment being
used, are as follows:
Person In Charge;
Rigger;
Signaller/banksman;
Slinger.
Although training and competence requirements differ from country to country, it is legally required
in all countries that personnel involved in lifting and hoisting operations shall:
Have a valid certificate in line with the role they have within the lifting and hoisting operations;
Have evidence available on the workplace at first request, e.g. by means of a duly signed and
stamped record in their PSL (Personal Safety Logbook) of the above.
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This chapter outlines the training requirements for each function mentioned above. In some
countries for specific lifting and hoisting appliances the training requirements are embedded in laws
and regulations. Country specific rules and regulations shall always be strictly adhered to.
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The risks to which personnel are exposed change due to a change in their working tasks;
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Remark on certification
Person In Charge
Uitvoerder hijswerken
Offshore kraanmachinist
Rigger
Rigger
Signaller/banksman
Offshore signaller/banksman
Slinger
Offshore signaller/banksman
Certificate of
attendance
Issued by SEVT or
SOMA
Issued by NOGEPA
approved training inst.
OPITO approved
institute.
Issued by NOGEPA
approved training inst.
Issued by NOGEPA
approved training inst.
Legal requirement,
industry standard, or
Shell requirement.
Offshore
Legal requirement.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Onshore
Person In Charge
Uitvoerder hijswerken
Signaller/banksman
Hijsbegeleider of verplaatsen
van lasten
Slinger
Hijsbegeleider of verplaatsen
van lasten
Certificate of
attendance
Issued by SEVT or
SOMA
TCVT/W4-01
TCVT/W4-02
TCVT/W4-06
Examiner shall be
SSVV approved.
Examiner shall be
SSVV approved.
Legal requirement.
Industry standard.
Legal requirement.
Legal requirement.
Legal requirement.
Shell requirement.
Shell requirement.
TCVT/W4-04
Legal requirement.
Examiner shall be
SSVV approved.
Industry standard.
TCVT/W4-07
Legal requirement.
Examiner shall be
SSVV approved
Industry standard.
TCVT/W4-05
Legal requirement.
Examiner shall be
SSVV approved.
OPITO approved
institute.
TCVT/W4-08 or
Examiner shall be
SSVV approved.
TCVT/W4-08 or
Examiner shall be
SSVV approved.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Remark: within Dutch legislation and training requirements for operators, riggers, banksmen and
slingers it is documented that there is a hierarchy: those having a higher level of competency are
certified for roles and responsibilities at lower levels.
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Name of required
training.
Remark on certification
Legal requirement,
industry standard, or
Shell requirement.
Offshore
Person In Charge
Lifting and hoisting supervisor;
LOLER focal point
Offshore crane operator
Rigger
Signaller/banksman
Slinger
Legal requirement
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Industry standard.
Onshore
Lifting and hoisting supervisor;
LOLER focal point
Crane operator
Crane operator
Crane operator
Person In Charge
Overhead travelling
crane operations
Vehicle loading crane
operations
Earth moving
machine operations
Rigger
Rigging
Signaller/banksman
Slinger
Slinging and
signalling
Slinging and
signalling
Legal requirement.
Industry standard
Industry standard
Industry standard
Industry standard
Shell requirement.
Shell requirement.
Shell requirement.
Industry standard.
NVQ level 2
Legal requirement.
NVQ level 2
Industry standard.
NVQ level 2
Legal requirement.
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Legal requirement.
Legal requirement.
Legal requirement.
Legal requirement.
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Name of required
training; certificate of
competency.
Remark on certification
Legal requirement,
industry standard, or
Shell requirement.
Offshore
Person In Charge
Lifting and hoisting supervisor
Offshore crane operator
Rigger
Signaller/banksman
Slinger
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Onshore
Person In Charge
Lifting and hoisting supervisor
DAT approved
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
DAT approved
Industry standard.
G1 mobile crane
G2 tower crane
G1 mobile crane
DAT approved
G4 overhead crane
DAT approved
G8 lorry crane
DAT approved
G1 mobile crane
DAT approved
DAT approved
G1 mobile crane
DAT approved
Training cert.
DAT approved
G1 mobile crane
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
DAT approved
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement +
Shell requirement.
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003.
Legal requirement +
Shell requirement.
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement +
Shell requirement.
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
Legal requirement as
per NORSOK R003
For personnel who are involved in the use of offshore cranes, training can be based on OMHECs
Guidance for Training Standard, issue October 2008. See also industry requirements as per
Samordningsrdet for kran, truck og masseforflytningsmaskiner and KOSARs training plans.
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The toolbox talk is a vital communications asset. Next to all issues related to the Lift Plan and the safe
execution, the following communications issues should be resolved at the toolbox talk:
The talk should include all personnel involved in the execution of the lifting and hoisting
operations;
Do all members of the lifting and hoisting team share a common language;
Confirmation that relevant personnel agree on and understand all of the hand signals to be
used, should radio communication fail;
All personnel involved in the lifting and hoisting operations should know how and when to
stop the job for safety reasons;
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Radio communications shall be used as the primary means of communication during lifting
and hoisting operations;
Hand signals can be used in addition to the radio equipment and shall be used as back up in
the event of radio equipment failure.
10.6.2 Advantages of using radio equipment
There are advantages and disadvantages to using radio equipment rather than hand signals as the
primary means of communicating between the signaller/banksman and the crane operator.
Using radio equipment offer the following advantages over hand signals:
When using radio equipment, there is two-way communication, giving the crane operator a
facility for responding to the signaller/banksman and others.
The crane operator does not need to keep the signaller/banksman in sight all of the time and
can refer to all controls and instrumentation within the operating cabin so long as voice
communication is maintained.
The signaller/banksman might not be in the same line of sight as the load, in order to avoid
being too close to it. Radio equipment allows the crane operator to look at what is most
important for the operation.
Whenever lifting and hoisting operations are unexpectedly affected by heavy rain or failing
light, radio equipment would be a better means of communicating.
If agreed in the lift plan, the operations can continue if the line of sight between the crane
operator and the signaller/banksman is temporarily lost, so long as continual communication
is maintained.
Effective communications during blind lifts are made possible with radio equipment.
Lifting and hoisting operations where one signaller/banksman hands over to another in a
different location are easier when radio equipment is being used.
10.6.3 Advantages of using hand signals
The advantages of hand signals over radio equipment are:
Hand signals rely less on knowledge of the local language (though key personnel do require
competency in the same the same language);
Equipment breakdowns or cross talk from others on the same channel are avoided when
hand signals are used;
There is likely to be less room for ambiguity in hand signals, provided that both parties
understand the same signalling protocol.
Hand signals should avoid problems caused by radio transmission failures, especially when
the sender or the person receiving has not realised that there is a failure.
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Line out meter this indicates the length of wire rope out and can also give an indication of
the weight of the load suspended.
Load Moment Indicator, giving information on weight of the load, percentage of crane
capacity being used and radius of the load.
Closed circuit camera television trained on the cable drum(s). This allows the crane operator
to see the correct spooling of the wire on the drum and indicates speed of rotation, thus
indicating speed of lowering or hoisting the load.
Closed circuit camera television on the crane boom. This allows the crane operator to have a
vertical view on top of the load and area just around the load. Especially useful for the
landing area of the load.
Cameras and instrumentation can be used as an aid, but only the signaller/banksman should be in
charge of directing the load.
The use of cameras shall never give reason to replace a member of the lifting and hoisting team.
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Call signs and code words should be set up and adhered to.
Call signs must be used at all times to establish the authenticity of commands or directions
At the end of an instruction or enquiry the transmitting operator should indicate the end of
the message by the command over
If any doubt exists regarding a message, the receiving operator must not acknowledge but
should repeat the message as he understands it and ask for confirmation or simply request
the transmitting operator to repeat
At the close of communication the transmitting operator should indicate the end of the
transmission with the command over and out.
Code words shall be short and give clear instructions and must be confirmed during the planning.
As an example:
Code words and actions.
Code word
Action
Start
To indicate the start of a command
Stop
To interrupt or stop a movement
End
To end the operation
Pick up
Start hoisting the load
Hoist
Raise the load
Lower
Lower the load
Boom up
Raise the boom
Boom down
Lower the boom
Slew right
Slew to the right, from crane operator position
Slew left
Slew to the left, from crane operator position
Slowly
Slow movements
Slack off
Release tension in the wire to release the hook
Hook free
Information only to the crane operator
Above list is not exhaustive as specific types of cranes, such as knuckle boom cranes, need more
crane specific instructions. Crane specific instructions must be agreed upon during the planning and
fully known to all members of the lifting and hoisting team.
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Precise;
Simple;
Expansive;
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Know and are fully familiar with the set of hand signals agreed;
IMCA SEL 020, IMCA M193 June 2008: Guidance for Operational Communications
OMHEC recommendations.
NEN 2025 Communication for the guidance of cranes and hoisting gear.
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A formal written work package including the Method Statement describing the operations step
by step.
Dedicated and qualified engineering input to Method Statement and Lift Plan, clearly
showing detailed engineering.
Preferably: formal approval of work package and planning by a Technical Authority, Subject
Matter Expert, Principal Technical Expert or third party independent engineers.
Shutting down, isolating, depressurizing and purging the live process plant, equipment or other
facilities;
Selecting higher rated lifting and hoisting equipment, so there is no need to exceed 75% of the
capacity;
The use of static back-up safety rigging, such as slings hooked up parallel with the hoist to
sustain the load in the event of a hoist brake failure;
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Etc etc.
Side loading of the boom, not normally encountered with one crane;
If different crane models are used, the operators will have to match the raise/lower, boom and
swing speed. Unequal hoisting speeds will place extra load on one crane, and unequal swing
rates will cause boom side loading;
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Dynamic hoisting operations with cranes working in tandem shall only be performed if both cranes
are designed and certified for this operation.
12.3 Categorising operations using two or more lifting and hoisting appliances
Working with two or more lifting and hoisting appliances shall, as a minimum, always be categorized
as Non Routine complicated operations.
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suspension points. In some specific situations a solution might be to go back to three suspension
points by connecting two of the four hoisting points by means of an equalising hoisting beam.
All lifting and hoisting operations using more than two appliances shall be classified as Non Routine
Complex/Critical. All associated risks shall be assessed and consequent level of control required
shall be strictly adhered to.
12.6.3 Taking a load from a horizontal position to a vertical position or vice versa
When erecting a pressure vessel or a structural component from a horizontal position to a vertical
position a tailing crane is often used. During this type of operation, the relationship between the load
attachment points and the centre of gravity is very important.
It is essential to accurately calculate the position of the centre of gravity and the actual load exerted
on both cranes. As the load changes from horizontal to vertical, the lead crane will absorb more of
the load, until the total weight of the load is fully transferred to the lead crane.
12.6.4 Using two or more chain lever hoists and or chain blocks
When using more than one chain block or chain lever hoist, each individual hoist unit should be rated
to a capacity of at least 100% of the load.
Planning and control measures for this category, including defined procedures and drawings or
sketches, need to be in place. If two or more lever hoists are used to share the load during hoisting
operations, careful consideration of the operation is necessary as there is the potential to overload
one of the hoists (beyond the working load limit) or under load one of the hoists (below 10% of the
working load limit).
Always check the users instructions in case chain lever hoists or chain blocks are used for horizontal
or oblique traction. As not all types and brands are designed for this type of operation In case users
instructions are not clear on this, it is forbidden to use chain lever hoists and chain blocks for this
operation.
12.6.5 Any combination using two or more lifting and hoisting appliances
Whatever the combination of lifting and hoisting appliances used, users instructions should always
be consulted and strictly adhered to.
Crane barges, floating sheer legs and heavy lift construction vessels for example have their own rules
for using them in a tandem hoist as agreed with their certifying authority.
12.7 Execution
For a safe execution, the following issues need attention:
The hoisting accessories being used to connect the load with the hoisting appliance shall be of
sufficient capacity. Special attention is needed when working out of the vertical;
Always have only one person giving signals for both lifting and hoisting appliances, having
direct sight and permanent radio contact to the appliance operators;
the personnel involved must work in unison and position themselves to avoid being trapped or
crushed;
Prior to starting the operation, ascertain that both load lines are in the vertical without side /
off loading of the boom;
Upon signal, both cranes to hoist slowly, to either the calculated weight tolerance limit or until
the load is free, and STOP;
The lifting and hoisting supervisor to confirm that the full load has been transmitted prior to
authorizing the lift to continue. The safe load indicator accuracy and the integrity of the
braking mechanism to be verified before the operation continues;
Keep a close eye on hoist lines and make sure they do not come out of the vertical during the
whole operations.
Raising or lowering the load and slewing of the cranes may only be undertaken at the signal
from the signaller/banksman and at the previously agreed speed.
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Define;
Plan;
Execute;
Environmental conditions that need to be taken in account (e.g. obstructions during setting up
of the crane, specific danger areas etc.)
In case the crane is operating from one position during a whole week, and provided the members of
the lifting and hoisting team do not switch during the week, having one toolbox talk covering a whole
week (of only Routine hoisting) operations will do.
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In case there is a switch of personnel, a new toolbox talk shall be conducted prior to starting with the
new team.
If during the day or somewhere in the overall period of the hoisting activities the crane needs to be
set-up on another location, this new location shall be shown on the plot plan as well.
Crane operator to be instructed that setting up of the crane and hoisting operations are only allowed
from the pre-determined positions.
Variation from the pre-determined set-up positions of the cranes shall result in the job being
stopped, reassessed and having a adequate measures in place to ensure continued safe operations.
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13.4 Example of plot plan for extensive lifting and hoisting operations
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Crane barges;
Pontoons;
Work boats;
Construction vessels.
It is the duty of the contract holder to ensure that any marine vessel, where hoisting operations are
undertaken offshore, has equipment which complies with the marine vessels classification societys
rules and this procedure.
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because of tyre floatation effects and shorter wheelbase. It is not as stable as a tracked/crawler
crane for the same duty and/or operating conditions. The suitability of a mobile crane for use on a
marine vessel shall therefore be carefully appraised according to service requirements, type of
marine vessel and operational requirements.
Factors for consideration when selecting mobile cranes for use offshore are as follows:
Cranes, which operate with outriggers deployed, shall have the facility to withstand any high
pressure generated in the outrigger's hydraulic system, arising from dynamic hoisting
operations.
Booms shall have adequate torsional stiffness, rigidity and lateral stability for the service
specified. Box section booms of the type used on ram luffing/telescoping cranes are not
considered suitable.
Mobile cranes fixed, tied-down or pedestal mounted shall still be considered as mobile cranes.
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There is one last point that must be made regarding marine service load charts. The standard load
charts are based on out of level only. The hoisting capacities do not account for any dynamic loads
other than those normally considered in crane design. If a vessel-mounted crane is to be used in
exposed waters, wave action may cause motions that will create additional dynamic loads. The
possibility of dynamic loads may require additional de-rating. The crane manufacturer should be
consulted for guidance.
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15 Handling of tubulars
15.1 Slinging of tubulars
Practices for the safe operation of slinging tubulars or tubular bundles should include the following:
Using certified Cargo Carrying Units or Transportation Frames are considered best practice;
Only tubulars of the same diameter or size and about the same length should be bundled
together;
Ensure crane operator is aware of correct procedure for 'tightening' bundle and supporting
while grips are attached to slings;
Ensure casings are supported by crow-bars or similar while attaching clips to prevent leg injury
if bundle should slip;
The number of tubes in each bundle should be such that the middle tubes are gripped and will
not slip out of the bundle. Whenever practicable tubulars over 5.5 in diameter should be
bundled in odd numbers;
Tubulars should always be slung with two slings, each of the same length and of the same WLL;
The WLL of each sling should be equal to or greater than the Gross Weight of the load. Every
hoisting activity of tubulars must done with the tubulars level.
In the case of bundles of tubulars, a means of preventing the bundle from coming slack when it
is landed should be considered, such as a wire clamp or a wire rope grip above the reeved eye
that forms the choke and a tie wrap of robust design on the reeved eye of the sling to prevent
the eye from slipping over the rope grip. This shall be subject to a risk assessment;
Slings should be placed at equal distance (approximately 25% of total length) from the ends of
the load. They should be double wrapped and choked around the tubular either when using
steel slings or nylon webbing;
The sling should be of sufficient length to ensure that the choke is on the sling body, never on
the sling splice, fittings, tag, eye or at the base of the sling eye or fitting;
Always pass sling through eye to make choke, do not use a shackle! Shackle miss-alignment
may occur when tightening bundle;
Excessive long tubular bundles shall have a tag line attached. This shall be subject to a risk
assessment;
Due care and attention should be taken when loading tubulars to avoid damage to slings;
Prepare the landing site to enable the bundles to be landed without crushing the slings;
Extreme care must be exercised after bundles have been in transit (grips may have slipped
etc);
Prior to making any hoists, the release of rigging should be considered. Precautions are
required to prevent personnel from being trapped between tubulars during release of rigging.
Never:
Tighten the choke by hammering as this will increase the effective sling angle thus weakening
the sling.
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15.3 Transportation
Transportation frames are considered best practice for chrome casings to avoid/reduce body
to body contact
When transporting tubulars they should, wherever possible, be butted up to trailers with
steel headboards and not exceed the height of the headboard
In preparing tubulars for transportation it is good practice to pick up the tubing bundle for a
second time to see if more slack can be taken out using clamps or bulldog clips.
15.4 Storage
The use of synthetic slings and spring loaded hooks are banned from this operation;
When picking up singles of drill pipe, either use a hoisting cap with a shackle installed in the
eye or bail or use an appropriate joint elevator under the tool-joint-box. The tugger-line should
have a swivel fitted;
When using the shackles, maintain all precautions to ensure that they are secured at each
hoist;
Pipe handling in the drilling area to and from deck shall be carried out in accordance with local
procedures;
Only personnel who are cleared by the operational responsible person can be present in the
drilling area;
When handling tubulars with the claw or magnet, the work area shall be barriered off and no
personnel shall be in the vicinity. When barrier off the area, special attention shall be given to
the fact that tubulars can slip out and represent a hazard for surrounding areas;
If lifting and hoisting appliances are located in an area with a good overview, and there are no
blind hoists involved, the lifting and hoisting appliance operator can carry out the operation
alone through dealing with the slinger and signaller/banksmans tasks;
A local procedure shall be in place for the number and type of tubulars that can be lifted safely
in one bundle;
Before commencing the operation, the lifting and hoisting appliance operator shall make sure
that the correct gripping arrangement has been selected and that the claw or magnet is in the
correct position and is correctly secured to the load;
The crane path shall be free of obstacles and supply cables shall run freely;
The operator shall ensure that the lifting and hoisting appliance and guiding device are
coordinated;
UKOOA Guidelines for the safe packing and handling of cargo to and from offshore locations.
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16.2 Slinging
When moving scaffolding material and boards whereby a suitable load carrier cannot be used, the
following general guidelines for slinging should be followed:
Always keep scaffold boards and scaffold tubulars in separate bundles. It is not allowed to
bundle scaffolding boards and scaffolding tubulars together in one bundle;
Polypropylene, polyester or nylon ratchet straps shall be used to make bundles and to prevent
slipping;
The slings shall be wrapped round twice and choked around the load. The slings should be
choked in the same direction. Appropriate rope grips/clamps and tie-wraps shall also be
applied to ensure the security of the slinging arrangement;
The slings ideally should be positioned at equal distance, approximately 25% (of the total
length) in from either end of the bundles;
In order to prevent single boards or single tubulars falling out of the bundle, do not bundle
different lengths of boards or different length of tubulars together. Make separate bundles of
tubulars all having the same length and separate bundles of boards all having the same length;
Other associated equipment, e.g. clips, clamps, swivels etc. should be sacked or containerised
and never be allowed to be hoisted on top of a bundle;
Whenever possible, transit path of taglines should be confirmed clear, before lifting and
hoisting operation starts;
Taglines shall be closely monitored during lifting and hoisting operations and prevented from
snagging.
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17 Transit slings
17.1 Introduction
Transit slings are those used only for the transportation of equipment to and from offshore
installations (e.g. offloading and back loading of drilling tubulars) and onshore sites and should only
be used for this purpose.
Transit slings shall not be used for general lifting purposes, as they are not part of the installations
lifting equipment.
Transit slings must be removed from the equipment, to which they are attached as soon as
practicable, placed in a designated quarantined storage area and returned.
A formal system is required to manage the use of transit slings to ensure that they comply with all
relevant legislation and can be identified.
Transit slings shall be of wire rope manufacture.
UKOOA Guidelines for the safe packing and handling of cargo to and from offshore locations.
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EFIBCA 005
Safety Factor 5:1; single trip.
For one filling only and not reusable.
EFIBCA 004
Safety Factor 6:1; standard duty.
Semi reusable for a limited number of fillings and discharges. An FIBC of this
category cannot be reused if damaged.
EFIBCA 003
Safety Factor 8:1; heavy duty.
Multi trip and reusable.
It is recommended that all FIBCs meet the following standard: NEN-EN-ISO 21898:2005.
FIBCs shall never be used for the transportation of anything other than the cargo for which they
were designed.
FIBCs for repeated use shall be documented, checked and inspected regularly as hoisting equipment.
Test standard;
Safety factor;
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FIBCs must not be dragged. The truck should be brought to a stop before the FIBC is raised or
lowered.
Using FIBCs in an offshore environment is only allowed under the following strict conditions:
FIBCs to be ordered from a FIBCA member and only after consultation of the manufacturer
and being advised on the FIBC to be used, given the specific application.
Only FIBCs in accordance with EFIBCA Standard 005 with a safety factor 5:1 shall be used.
To be sure that weather or sunlight had no negative influence on quality and strength, only
new FIBCs shall be used from a recent production batch.
FIBCs to be used for a single trip only. Single trip meaning: from filling point to supply base,
from base to supply vessel, from supply vessel to offshore installation.
FIBCs shall be used to a maximum of 66,6% of their Safe Working Load in order to overcome
dynamic forces in the offshore environment.
Can be obtained from the Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container Association, FIBCA at
www.fibca.com
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Any limitations on the use or special requirements for use in hazardous conditions;
Maintenance instructions.
The required Working Load Limit to suit the load to be hoisted. Should the load be of unknown
weight, a calculation should be carried out to determine the weight, a percentage added for
error and a selection then made;
Minimum drawn-up dimensions as lack of headroom are often a problem in confined spaces.
This dimension varies with different manufacturers and or models and may well influence the
selection of the hoist;
Height of the hoisting operations. Chain blocks normally have a standard 3-metre height of
operation, but can be produced for practically any height required. Chain lever hoists normally
have 1,5 metres height of operation, but again can be delivered with longer chains to suit the
operational requirements;
Type of suspension available and going to be used: hook, fixed pad eye on beam clamp, trolley
etc.
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Suspension hook and load hook. Ensure hook safety latch is fitted and functions correctly and
the swivel operates without restriction. Check also for obvious opening-out of either the load
hook or the suspension hook;
Check load chain for distortion, corrosion and any other form of damage. The chain linkage
should all appear to be in a straight line. If the chain gives the appearance of having a spiral
the hoist has been overloaded whilst the chain was twisted;
Check end stop being fitted on chain lever hoist and dead end being connected on the chain
block;
Check for correct operation of the selection lever on the lever hoist and the chain wheel on the
chain block;
When spinning the chain wheel or operating the lever, the ratchet should sound crisp;
Body assembly should show no signs of misuse, cracked casings, loose bolts or other damage;
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Runway beams and pad eyes should clearly be marked with Working Load Limit, identification
number and a valid certification date.
When using a hook suspended hoist, the top hook should be attached to its support in such a manner
that the support fits freely into the seat of the hook and does not exert any side thrust upon the
point.
For trolley suspension, ensure the trolley is correctly set for the beam width.
After installation a check should be made to ensure that the hand and load chains hang freely and
are not twisted or knotted. In particular, special care should be taken with multi-fall blocks to ensure
that the bottom block has not been turned over between the falls of chain imparting a twist to the
load chain. If this has occurred the bottom block should be turned back until the twist is removed.
The length of the load chain should be checked to ensure that the bottom hook will reach the lowest
position required without the load chain running fully out. If the load chain is permitted to run fully
out, unacceptable stress may be placed on the slack end anchorage or end stop, not being a true load
bearing component.
Position the hoist directly above the centre of gravity of the load;
Ensure the load rigging seats correctly in the bowl of the bottom of the hook and allows the
safety latch to close;
Ensure all restrictions have been removed, such as hold-down bolts etc.
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19.6.2 Never:
Use the load chain as a sling, that means never wrap the load chain around items to be hoisted
and hooked back on itself;
Leave a suspended load unattended without back-up rigging; legally this is not permitted;
Exceed the Working Load Limit;
Use a chain lever hoist in a dynamic hoisting application; the changing loading may cause the
hoist to fail or slip.
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After use, thoroughly clean the hoist; remove any rubbish, which may have become attached
to the chain preservative and check for abnormalities.
Never return damaged or defective hoists to storage.
Secure hoisting chain to avoid chain lying on the ground when hoist is hung in rigging loft.
Spray load hook and chain with WD40 or equivalent while taking care not to contaminate
brake mechanism.
Store hoists hung from the suspension hook with the chains raised clear of the ground.
Hoists should not be dropped, thrown or dragged across the floor.
Follow any specific maintenance instructions issued by the supplier but in particular keep load
chains lubricated and free of debris.
Check the operation of the brake. Brakes must be kept free of oil, grease etc.
Never replace the load chain with a longer one without consulting the supplier.
Regularly inspect the hoists and, in the event of the following defects, refer the hoist to an
approved workshop for thorough examination: wear; damage to hooks and fittings; damage or
distortion to slack end stop; chains worn, bent, notched, stretched, cracked, corroded, do not
hang freely, twisted or jump; load slips or will not hoist; damaged hoist casing; bent or cracked
operating lever; illegible markings.
Never expose hoists to chemicals, particularly acids, without consulting the supplier.
Never allow oil or grease to come into contact with the brake.
Consult the supplier if the lever hoist is to be used in areas of high risk, exposed to the
elements, water, steam etc, with hazardous substances, e.g. acids or chemicals, or subjected
to extremes of temperature.
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Make sure that the connecting hoses and fittings are fit for purpose with an approved type of
coupling.
Care has to be taken when selecting hoists for this purpose, as not all hoists are suitable due to
the material of their brake discs.
The hoist model shall be clearly identified as suitable for subsea use by the manufacturer as
per instructions for use or after consulting the relevant manufacturer and written confirmation
of the suitability of their equipment.
Introduction of a system of marking chain lever hoists that have been specified and procured
for use sub-sea, clearly identifying them and differentiating them from other chain lever hoists
that may be present at the worksite;
Hoists used underwater should, on completion of the job, be returned to an approved
workshop and be completely stripped, purged of salt water, re-lubricated, re-assembled and
tested prior to further use.
IMCA publication D028 Rev.1 February 2008: Guidance on the use of chain lever hoists in the
offshore sub-sea environment.
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Reach trucks;
Side Loaders;
inadequate premises;
Fork arms
No cracks or distortion, evenly spaced on carriage plate and clips
engaged. No temporary fixes installed;
Load chart
Clear load chart available
Carriage plate
No obvious damage, end stops secure;
Back rest
Load backrest extension secure and not damaged or distorted;
Mast
No damage distortion or cracks. Inner channels or runners reasonably
clean and smooth;
Lift chain
Free from damage or rust. All pins in place;
Hydraulics
No damage or leakage from any point.
Wheels
Undamaged. All nuts tight;
Tyres
No excessive wear, cuts or foreign bodies. If pneumatic, tyre pressure
correct;
Lights, indicators
All functioning;
Mast controls
Lower-lift, tilt and side shift operating properly;
Driving service brake work properly in both directions in both directions when tested
slowly;
Fuel power
Adequate for shift; if LPG, cylinder secure and hoses OK;
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Levels
Steering
Safety belt
Tidiness
Inspection and testing
Coolant and engine oil levels correct. If electrical, check battery water
level;
Works properly in both directions at standstill and when moving;
Working properly;
Cabin clean and no debris in the mudguards or lifting mechanism.
Shall be within the inspection and examination intervals as per
applicable regulations.
It is recommended, as good industry practice, to provide each forklift truck with a checklist for the
pre-use inspections. The operator can use the checklist by simply ticking the checklist.
If controls do not operate properly, the operator is responsible for notifying the supervisor. Repairs
and adjustments shall be made before operations begin.
20.3.2 Maintenance, inspection and thorough examination
The Shell UIO Operational Standard for lifting and hoisting is configured in such a way, that all
applicable rules, regulations and requirements for lifting and hoisting equipment can be found in one
Chapter, we kindly revert to Chapter 8 of the mentioned Standard.
Do not start or operate the truck from any place other than from the Operators position;
Wear seat belts while operating their vehicles, also when cabin doors are closed;
Keep all parts of the body inside the operator compartment during operations;
Driving at a speed appropriate to the existing circumstances (space, load, lighting, surface
conditions, etc.) and at or below posted limits;
Rapid acceleration, hard braking and sharp cornering which increase the risk of load tipping
shall be avoided;
Ensure other personnel are not in the swing radius prior to performing turning manoeuvres;
Sound the horn when approaching cross aisles, doorways and other locations where
pedestrians shall step into the path of truck travel;
Verify sufficient headroom under overhead installations, lights, wiring, pipes, sprinkler systems
etc;
Ensure driving on suitable surfaces. Road humps, drains and rough or soft surfaces, shall be
avoided;
Movement with loads in excessively raised positions shall be avoided to minimise the danger
of toppling, especially on uneven surfaces and while cornering;
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Only moving with a raised load at a creep speed. And only whilst stacking or un-stacking;
Stacking and un-stacking on inclines shall never be attempted;
Normal travel is with the forks 100 - 150mm above the ground;
Looking in the direction they are travelling. Travelling in a direction in which they have a clear
view, or using a trained signaller/banksman or guide. So counterbalanced trucks go backwards
if the load obstructs vision (but when going uphill on a slope with a bulky load, travelling
forwards but with help from a guide);
Never going across sloping ground, only up or down;
When travelling on a slope when loaded, with the load uphill;
When travelling on a slope when unloaded, with the forks downhill;
Never lifting anyone on the forks or on a pallet;
Never carrying passengers;
Care shall be taken at all times during operations to avoid pedestrians, other vehicles and hazards
within their area of operations. Operators shall only drive in areas where they are authorised to do
so. Forklift trucks shall only be used in areas where there is enough room for their safe operation.
Particular care shall be taken to ensure that forklift trucks used in aisles have enough room to
circulate and manoeuvre either loaded or empty. Sharp bends and overhead obstructions shall be
avoided as far as possible. Special care shall be taken to avoid hazards such as loading bays,
excavations, columns, pipe-work, racking and other plant. Forklift trucks shall not be operated on
excessive gradients.
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Forklift extensions;
Mounted attachments;
Boom attachments;
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Wearing of Personal Protective Equipment e.g. hard hats and safety boots;
Roadways and aisles etc. should have sufficient width and overhead clearance (for loaded
forklift trucks and for forklift trucks passing each other if necessary); road humps should be
avoided; consideration could be given to a 1-way system if warranted; adequate lighting is
essential;
Pedestrians should be prohibited where possible, or risks assessed and controlled by the use of
signs or barriers that are clearly marked;
Edges of loading bays etc. should be clearly marked or, where possible, fitted with barriers;
Warning devices, mirrors etc. may be needed where barriers cannot be used;
Structural features should be identified, marked and protected (e.g. with impact barriers);
Ceilings, lighting fittings, ductwork etc overhead can be struck by a raised load if the operator
is careless. It may be worth getting an engineer to adjust the maximum operating height to
avoid this risk;
Care shall be taken at all times to ensure that traction is retained. Loss of traction due to the
nature of the terrain or weight transfer taking load off the driving wheels is to be avoided;
Care shall be taken and speeds minimised to reduce the risk of load toppling caused by the
imbalance induced when operating on rough terrain;
Operators shall ensure that the parking brake is capable of holding the forklift truck stationary
on an incline. (Some rough terrain vehicles are capable of climbing inclines steeper than those
on which the parking brake will hold the vehicle);
Checks for overhead obstructions shall be made before lifting and transporting loads;
Special care shall be taken near power lines and other materials handling vehicles such as
mobile cranes.
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20.12 Parking
When unattended, forklift trucks shall be left with the fork arms tilted forward and lowered to rest
on the ground/deck. The engine shall be switched off, the key removed and the hand-brake applied.
Keys shall be kept in a secure place and only issued to authorised operators for the duration of the
duty period or task. forklift trucks shall never be parked on a slope.
When not in use, forklift trucks shall be parked in secure or supervised areas, to prevent access, by
unauthorised personnel. When parked they should not block access to fire aisles, stairways, or fire
equipment.
When parking at the end of a shift, make sure the forklift truck is tidy, with a clean cabin, without
debris in the mudguards or lifting mechanism and full with LPG or diesel for LPG and diesel powered
trucks.
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moveable cabins;
manriding;
personnel/freight elevators;
helicopter hoisting;
medical evacuation;
21.2 Definition
A suspended basket is a device fitted out for the
transportation of persons to a workplace at
height by attaching the suspended basket using
its own hoisting accessories to a hoisting
installation (crane).
According EN 14502-1 equipment for the hoisting
of persons part1,. the definition of a suspended
basket is: arrangement designed for the lifting of
persons by a crane.
The use of any other means to get access to the workplace is impossible;
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The operations occur incidentally and have a very short duration (less than 4 hours). This
includes operations that are only performed several times a year;
It concerns operations with an urgent nature whereby the delay required for installing more
suitable equipment would cause greater risks than the risks connected with the work in a
suspended basket;
It concerns short operations, where the use of more suitable equipment would result in
unreasonable costs (a guideline here is a factor 5 with regard to crane and Mobile Elevating
Working Platform tariffs). The point of departure for this decision should be the creation of a
thorough task risk assessment, which looks into the costs of available alternatives;
The workplace cannot be reached using Mobile Elevating Working Platforms or scaffolding;
In the event that a fall hazard of more than 1.8 metres is present, e.g. because it is not possible
to use platforms, scaffolding or other appliances for the activities, or because it is not possible
to install collective protection, or during the assembly or disassembly of scaffolding, fall
protection equipment must be used.
21.5 Planning and preparing for the safe use of a suspended basket
Hoisting operations using a suspended basket shall always be categorized as non routine
complicated operations.
Bow shackle
screw pin
D shackle
screw pin
Bow shackle
round pin
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Sling sets and associated hoisting accessories for attaching the suspended basket shall not be used
for any other purpose.
Rigging should be such that in the event of failure of a single sling or pad eye, the suspended basket
will not tilt excessively.
21.9 Checklist
Before starting the actual hoisting operation of the suspended basket a checklist shall be completed
fully and adequately and shall be signed by the operator as well as the occupant(s) of the suspended
basket.
The appendix at the end of this practical guidance gives a recommended checklist. Comparable
checklists used for the same purpose might be used.
The checklist must be archived together with the other documents relevant to the activities (permit
to work, risk assessment, specific plan and toolbox talk).
Unintended movement of the basket shall, where possible, be prevented e.g. by means of
guide ropes or anchoring;
Suspended baskets shall not be used in wind in excess of 7 m/s (4 Beaufort), electric storms,
ice, snow, fog, sleet or other adverse weather conditions which could affect the safety of
personnel;
Visible and audible communication shall exist between the persons in the basket and the crane
driver at all times during the hoisting operations;
The basket shall be positioned on a firm surface during access and egress;
Persons in suspended baskets shall fasten their safety harness onto the anchorages provided;
Occupants shall keep all parts of the body inside the suspended basket during raising, lowering
and positioning, to avoid pinch points;
Tools and material carried by personnel shall be secured, in particular against displacement,
tipping and falling out;
If suspended baskets are moved through openings, measures shall be taken against
entanglement and crushing risks.
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Principal
Name operator
Crane type
Employed by
Remarks
Number of basket :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Communication:
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Crane not more than 25% of the workload? (50% for fixed crane)
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Yes
No
Visual
By radio
Use of the suspended basket without this obligatory inventory and check list is not
allowed.
Name operator
Signature
Name user(s)
Signature
Dept. Transport
Signature
Name:
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Use of a crane with a suspended work basket or cage which is being used as a working
platform;
Equipment used for manriding and personnel transfer operations in and around the drilling area;
Any form of emergency evacuation equipment, such as Man Overboard Boat or fast rescue
boat, and its associated handling facilities;
Helicopter winching;
Purpose designed machinery for hoisting persons such as powered access platforms (cherry
pickers), personnel traverse platforms etc.;
Any personnel transfer operations between ships using the ships work equipment.
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Alternatives available;
The availability of sufficient clear space both at the embarkation and landing locations;
Visibility;
22.5 Responsibilities
The duties of personnel in supervising or involved in the personnel carrier transfer should be clearly
defined. The people likely to be involved are the OIM of the installation/MODU (if appropriate), the
master of the vessel involved in the transfer, the crane operator, the personnel being transferred,
the deck operatives at both ends of the transfer, the standby vessel, and any other person
nominated by the OIM or master to undertake specific duties.
Transfer operations shall be conducted under the appropriate permit to work system.
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IMCA SEL 025, IMCA M 202, March 2010: Guidance on the transfer of personnel to and from
offshore vessels.
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For use of the manriding winch, local laws and regulations should be adhered to;
A suitable and sufficient risk assessment must be carried out to identify all reasonably
foreseeable hazards and failure scenarios ensuring that during all operations using manriding
winches the person is protected against being crushed, trapped, struck and against falling from
the carrier. Measures additional to those mentioned in this guideline must be put in place if
the risk assessment identifies circumstances in which additional controls are required;
Emergency equipment must be available that can be used to effectively and rapidly bring all
winch motion to a halt;
A comprehensive review must be carried out by the Person In Charge to ensure that the safety
features of the winch are adequate and that they provide a safe method of operation for the
manriding operation;
Manriding below the derrick floor level is not allowed. It requires a separate manriding winch
mounted below the floor. Manriding above monkey board level shall not be permitted.
The Shell UIO Operational Standard for lifting and hoisting is configured in such a way, that all
applicable rules, regulations and requirements for planning and preparing safe lifting and hoisting
operations can be found in one Chapter, we kindly revert to Chapter 3 of the mentioned Standard.
23.4 Equipment
If there is no alternative to manriding the following equipment should be used with the listed safety
features:
Winch;
Harness;
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Connecting devices;
Secondary fall arrest equipment;
Radios.
23.4.1 Winch
The manriding winch must be certified for such hoisting, clearly marked: dedicated for manriding
and never used for any other purpose.
Winches that are to be used for manriding must have the following features and settings:
Limited maximum pull, (counter balanced system for use on floating installations);
Control lever returns to neutral (STOP), push lever away = pay out (LOWER),pull lever = heave
in (RAISE);
Crown block sheave designed for manriding. (Fall protection for whole assembly including
sheave);
Spooling device;
Drum guard;
Harnesses should be of a type that will prevent an unconscious person falling out;
No hooks shall be used for manriding operations; only shackles of the bow type with pin, nut
and safety split pin are allowed;
Harnesses are to be attached directly to the winch wire by a shackle; hooks and lengths of
chain are not acceptable.
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Harness - full body type fitted with a D ring suitable for rescue purposes;
Secondary winch;
Check the emergency heaving and lowering and check the brake;
Check the winch components visually with damage, leaks, etc. in mind;
Be very careful that the wire winds correctly onto the drum, so that the wire does not build up.
This may cause an uncontrolled fall for the person hanging in the manrider
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The winch operator and the signaller/banksman must remain on station throughout the
operation while the man is aloft;
The winch operator must have a clear view of the person in the riding belt and this must be
maintained throughout the operation. If the winch operator does not have a clear view of the
person in the riding belt during any part of the operation, a competent signaller/banksman,
who can see and is within clear voice range of the winch operator, and who has a clear view of
the person in the riding-belt, must be used to convey instructions between the person in the
riding-belt and the winch operator;
The winch operator and the signaller/banksman must not carry out any other work during
manrider operations;
The winch operator must stop the hoisting operation if there is a stop signal and/or the safety
of the operation is in doubt.
23.8.2 Communications and signalling
Good communication must be established between the person in the manrider and the operator of
the manriding winch.
A radio with a headset is recommended. Radios and batteries must be controlled before start-up,
and the radio communication must be tested before personnel are transported by winch. The radio
channel to be used must be agreed in advance.
Radio communication must be established before the manriding operation is begun, but the radio
shall not be the only type of communication used to convey signals.
If a signaller/banksman is used, there must be radio communication with both the winch operator
and the person manriding.
It is vital that communications between the winch operator and the person in the riding belt are clear
and continuous throughout the whole operation. Verbal instructions and hand signals must be used
between the person in the riding-belt and the winch operator and any signaller/banksman. Both
verbal and hand signals should be clearly understood and agreed by all parties before the start of the
operation. In addition, the Supervisor, winch operator and the signaller/banksman must be equipped
with radios as a back-up to verbal/visual communications.
Communication should be part of the risk assessment; toolbox talk and everyone involved shall be
fully familiar with the Radio Communication Voice Procedure:
At the end of each communication say "over", only then is it safe for someone else to speak.
Assign everyone a call sign and use it (winch control, manrider, driller etc)
Use continuous direction commands i.e., (up, up, up, up, up, / down, down, down, down/ stop,
stop, stop).
If there are long periods of silence, call for a radio check with everyone involved.
If your radio stops working, contact the team by another means ASAP and get it replaced. If
you are the manrider use your hand signals to return to the rig floor.
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To raise: extend arm horizontally outward, turn palm of hand up, move arm/hand up and down
at your side in a clear and positive fashion;
To stop: horizontal sideways movement of the arm from the chest with the palm and fingers
flat. The emergency stop is the same signal done more quickly;
To lower: point arm and fingers downwards; make circular motion with hand/arm in a clear
and positive fashion.
23.8.3 Operational aspects
All equipment/tools, carried aloft should be tied off or otherwise prevented from falling and
the area beneath should be cleared of personnel and barriers erected.
Movement of equipment in the immediate area must be suspended while the man is aloft. All
travelling equipment in the work area must also be immobilised.
A secondary fall protection device must be used, independent of the primary hoisting
mechanism.
23.8.4 Duration of manriding operation
Use of manriding harnesses is only allowed for short periods with authorisation of the site manager.
Refer to (Yellow Guides) Working at Height for maximum permitted times and recovery periods.
The maximum time suspended in the manriding harness must always be determined in the risk
assessment, taking into account manufacturers instructions, gender and physical condition of the
manrider. Harnesses shall never be used for hoisting personnel for long duration jobs, as the
potential exists for constricting the blood supply vessels in the legs.
Task: identify the actual task for which manriding is perceived to be required;
Alternative method: members of the team consider and detail alternative methods that could
be utilised in place of the manriding operation;
Alternative method used and justification: indicate if the alternative method was used (yes or
no) and detail the reasoning for non-application or application of the alternative.
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Is there a possibility to pump the contents to his destination, thus avoiding the handling of the
drum?
Can the required amount of the contents of the drum or barrel be decanted by pump to
another suitable receptacle for transportation and thus avoid hoisting?
Can the drum or barrel be moved without hoisting, i.e. moved by a wheeled barrel
transporter?
Are there any obstacles / structures along the hoisting path which if contacted may cause
damage to the barrel if it is not protected?
Can the barrel be hoisted into another deck basket to provide protection for transportation
to the landing area?
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What equipment is available at the landing area to transport the barrel to its required final
location?
What route will the load have to take to the landing area and is it clear of conflicting activities?
Are there sufficient competent personnel available to carry out the operation safely?
All lifting and hoisting appliances and accessories shall fulfil the requirements of the Machinery
Directive 89/392/EEG, 98/37/EG or 2006/42/EG. The assembler/ supplier has to declare by
declaration of conformity that the equipment fulfils the essential safety requirements of the
mentioned directive. The declaration shall give a description and identification of the lifting
and hoisting equipment;
To act as visual conformation that the item complies with the relevant European Directives,
there shall be affixed to the item a CE mark;
All lifting and hoisting equipment must be accompanied by users instructions in the official
community language or language of the Member State in which it is placed on the market
and/or put into service;
All lifting and hoisting equipment shall be marked with the following information:
Figure indicating the month and the year of the last inspection date and preferably the
next inspection date; (often referred to as valid certification date);
Examples of cargo deck baskets with drop front providing a non slip ramp which allows easy access
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Order the barrels to be delivered in a half height with swinging doors. When the half height
arrives onboard ensure it is laid down in the correct rotation for opening the door(s). Open the
door and place a suitable ramp at the edge to allow wheeled access. If on pallets access with a
hydraulic pallet lifter and remove the barrel on the pallet, if placed directly on the half height
floor access with a wheeled barrel transporter, lift the barrel and remove from the half height.
Care must be taken when adopting this method to account for wheeling the load down the
slope of the ramp; a manual handling assessment shall be carried out.
Use a wheeled barrel transporter which comes fitted with a lifting bridle to lift the barrel from
within the delivery half height container keeping the barrel to a minimum height to clear the
half height side and land it in to the deck alongside the half height and wheel it to the final
location.
Use a Vertical Lift Barrel Clamp to lift the full barrel from within the delivery half height
container keeping the barrel to a minimum height to clear the half height side and land it in to
a deck basket alongside the half height. Remove the vertical barrel clamp master link from the
crane pendant hook. Attach the lifting slings of the deck basket to the crane pendant hook and
lift the barrel and deck basket to the desired landing area. Land the deck basket at the landing
area and remove the deck basket lifting slings from the crane pendant hook. Once again attach
the vertical barrel clamp master link to the pendant hook and lift the barrel from the basket to
the deck alongside. Remove the vertical barrel clamp from the barrel and return it to the
rigging loft. Use a wheeled barrel trolley to move the barrel from the landing area to the
required final destination.
24.7.1 Methods which are not recommended for hoisting barrels and drums at anytime
Operations using the following hoisting accessories are not recommended for hoisting barrels and
drums:
Cargo Nets;
Synthetic slings.
The use of dedicated barrel hoisting devices having open sides and or not affording any protection to
the barrel if contact is made with installation structures or obstacles along the route is strongly
discouraged!
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When compared to traditional slings they are approximately 10% of the weight in air and some
products will actually float in water.
The light weight makes the slings quicker and safer to install, particularly important for subsea
operations involving ROVs or divers.
Synthetic slings are more tolerant of tighter bend radiuses although there are restrictions and
they are prone to damage by sharp edges.
One of the most important user needs is the safe use of any lifting sling. Safe use requires awareness
and knowledge of the points of attention for the selection, use and maintenance of slings. Incorrect
use is seen as the predominant cause for (premature) sling failure.
This document is meant to give guidance only and refers to current criteria, legislations, regulations,
standards and other reference material that may be updated by the relative (governmental) bodies
from time to time.
Both sling manufacturers as well as end-users should verify the accuracy of the information and
perform their own assessment regarding the manufacturing, selection, use and maintenance of
synthetic slings.
Strength
Convenience
Economy.
25.2.1 High tenacity multi-filament fibres
The most commonly used synthetic slings for general purpose hoisting operation, i.e. day to day
general rigging activities and hoisting loads up to around 10 tons are made of a high tenacity multifilament. They shall be woven wholly from industrial yarns and certified by the manufacturer as
being fast to light and heat-stabilized with a tenacity of not less than 60 cN/tex, from one of the
following materials:
Polyamide (PA)
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Polyester (PES)
Polypropylene (PP)
Each synthetic material has its own unique properties. Certain synthetic materials perform better
than others in specific applications and environments. High temperature, UV light, acids, alkalis and
other chemicals, all of which are not uncommon in the Oil & Gas and offshore environment, can
adversely affect the strength of synthetic slings.
The material from which the slings are made shall be identified by the colour of the label itself on
which the information is marked. The following label colour shall be used:
Polyamide (PA)
green
Polyester (PES)
blue
Polypropylene (PP)
brown
It is essential that the sling manufacturer be consulted for a specific application or before using in
and around chemical environments and for advice on care and storage of the slings.
25.2.2 High performance fibres
High performance fibres are being used increasingly for specific applications. For heavy hoisting
operations (25 ton up to a 16.000 tons jacket), offshore construction and decommissioning, subsea
and deep-sea, slings made from high performance fibres make a significant difference.
They are strong and lightweight. Most important, they do not absorb water. Whether wet or dry,
they have the same low weight and remain easy to handle unlike polyester slings, which will take
up water and become heavier. This makes it easier subsea, for example for divers to safely position
the sling around the load. Slings from a high performance fibre are less likely to break in harsh
conditions, since they are highly resistant to salt water, chemicals and UV radiation further
enhancing safety of the operation.
Good UV resistance.
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Main characteristics:
Good UV resistance.
Moderate creep.
Low strength.
Low cost.
25.3.4 Aramid
Aramid fibres are a class of heat resistant and strong synthetic fibres. The name is a shortened form
of "aromatic polyamid". They are fibres in which the chain molecules are highly oriented along the
fibre axis, so the strength of the chemical can be exploited. The Federal Trade Commission's
definition for aramid fibre: a manufactured high-modulus fibre in which the fibre-forming substance
is a long-chain synthetic aromatic polyamide in which at least 85% of the amide linkages are attached
directly to aromatic rings. Aramid is also known by its trade names Kevlar or Twaron.
Main characteristics:
Non conductive.
Poor UV resistance.
25.3.5 HMPE
HMPE fibers are high-modulus polyethylene fibers produced by gel-spinning ultra-high molecular
weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). HMPE is a subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene. It has
extremely long chains, with molecular weight numbering in the millions, usually between 2 and 6
million. The longer chain serves to transfer load more effectively to the polymer backbone by
strengthening intermolecular interactions. This result in a very tough material, with the highest
impact strength of any thermoplastic presently made.
Main characteristics:
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25.3.6 LCAP
LCAP (Liquid Crystal Aromatic Polyester) are a unique class of wholly aromatic polyester polymers
that provide previously unavailable high performance properties. LCAP fibres are produced by meltspinning from thermotropic liquid crystalline aromatic polyester.
Main characteristics:
Low creep.
Zero creep.
Poor UV resistance.
Flame resistant.
Roundsling
Rope sling
25.4.1 Roundsling
Roundsling is the term used to describe an endless sling fabricated as an endless load bearing core
containing multiple turns of a fibre. The ends of the yarn are tied together and the sling placed in a
fully enclosed protective sheath.
25.4.2 Flat woven webbing sling
Flat webbing slings are manufactured by weaving the yarn into a flat compact strap with no further
protection, other than coating for some applications.
25.4.3 Rope sling
A rope sling comprises one or more parts of an identical laid or braided load bearing fibre rope,
terminating in spliced eyes with or without thimbles and fittings. In the case of an endless sling,
joined to itself with a splice.
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for compliance with a legal provision. Such a request provides guidelines which Standards must
respect to meet the essential requirements or other provisions of harmonisation legislation.
Compliance with harmonised Standards provides a presumption of conformity with the
corresponding requirements of harmonisation legislation. Manufacturers, other economic operators
or conformity assessment bodies can use harmonised standards to demonstrate that products,
services or processes comply with relevant EU legislation. The references of harmonised standards
must be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
The use of these Standards remains voluntary. Manufacturers, other economic operators or
conformity assessment bodies are free to choose any other technical solution that provides
compliance with the mandatory legal requirements.
25.6.3 EN 1492
EN 1492 specifies manufacturing methods and provides guidance on selection, use and maintenance
of webbing slings (Part 1) and roundslings (Part 2). The safe capacity of the slings is defined as
Working Load Limit (WLL). The standard also defines limits on applicability webbing slings between
25mm and 450mm (up to approx 50 T WLL) and roundslings up to 40 T WLL.
The use of the slings with capacities required for heavy hoisting operations is clearly outside the
scope of EN 1492. Nevertheless, the Standard forms a good basis for specifying requirements for
slings of greater capacity and should be followed where possible and deviations should be clearly
identified. The standard gives valuable guidance on minimum bend radii for the slings.
One notable requirement of EN 1492 is that the factor of safety is 7 (adopted in 1997 to reflect EU
Legislation).
25.6.4 ASME B30.9
The ASME B30.9-2010 safety Standard addresses slings fabricated from alloy steel chain, wire rope,
metal mesh, synthetic bre rope, synthetic webbing, and synthetic rop yarns in a protective cover(s)
The ASME B30.9 defines design factor as a ratio between nominal or minimum breaking strength
and the rated capacity of the sling. Rated capacities are based on a 5:1 design factor for synthetics.
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Materials books use Factor of Safety as a constant value. This could also be called the Minimum
Required Factor of Safety or Design Factor of Safety.
Careful engineers refer to the first sense (a calculated value) as a factor of safety, or, to be explicit, a
realized factor of safety, and the second sense (a required value) as a design factor or Design Factor
of Safety or Required Factor of Safety, but usage is inconsistent and confusing, so engineers need to
be aware of both usages.
25.8.2 Design factor and safety factor
The difference between the safety factor and design factor (design safety factor) is as follows: The
design factor is what the part is required to be able to withstand. The safety factor is how much the
designed part actually will be able to withstand. The design factor is for an application, the safety
factor is for actual part that was designed. These sounds the same, but consider the following: Say a
beam in a structure is required to have a design factor of 3. The engineer chose a beam that will be
able to withstand 10 times the load. The design factor is still 3, because it is the requirement that
must be met, the beam just happens to exceed the requirement and its safety factor is 10. The safety
factor should always meet or exceed the required design factor or the design is not adequate.
Meeting the required design factor exactly implies that the design meets but does not exceed the
minimum allowable requirements. A high safety factor well over the required design factor
sometimes implies "over engineering" which results in excessive weight and/or cost. In colloquial use
the term, "required safety factor" is functionally equivalent to the design factor.
Appropriate factors of safety are based on several considerations. Prime considerations are the
accuracy of load, strength, wear estimates and the environment to which the product will be
exposed in service; the consequences of engineering failure, and the cost of over-engineering the
component to achieve that factor of safety. For example, components whose failure could result in
substantial financial loss, serious injury or death usually can use a safety factor of four or higher
(often ten). Non-critical components generally might have a design factor of two. Risk analysis,
failure mode and effects analysis, and other tools are commonly used.
In North America, for any wire rope or synthetic sling, the Design Factor is
5:1
In Japan, the Design Factor is
6:1
In Australia and most of Asia due to the heavy European influence, the Design Factor is 7:1
The wording of the Machinery Directive is such, that it contains provisions to permit a deviation from
the 7:1 Design Factor for engineered lifts.
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buckling of tubular and sections. Webbing slings should not be forced into confined corners where
the webbing is twisted and stressed locally e.g, the crotch of a diagonal brace.
Where synthetic slings are to be attached directly to the structure, great care should be taken to
remove any sharp edges and subsea structures cleaned of marine growth.
25.10.7 Interface with crane hook and other hoisting equipment
For larger slings it is essential that the interface between the sling and the crane hook, or other
rigging components, is considered to avoid local overstressing of the sling. A typical example of
inadequate hook dimensions is shown in EN1492.
25.10.8 Effect of environment
Temperature
Synthetic hoisting slings made from polyester are admitted for applications at temperatures between
-40 and +100C. This temperature area may change in chemical environments. The woven structure
of the drenched synthetics at temperatures below 0C is susceptible to damage due to the formation
of ice. Ice will reduce the flexibility of the lifting sling! At temperatures below 0C, dry lifting
equipment should be used only! In dry condition, polyester features a high electrical resistance and
provides an insulating effect between load and crane hook (e.g. during welding jobs observe
temperatures!).
Shock loading
Synthetic hoisting equipment should not be subjected to sharp jerks and jolts in order to avoid heavy
forces which may be considerably higher than the actual load weight!
Chemicals
Particular caution is required when using synthetic hoisting equipment in areas where chemicals are
present.
Polyester has good resistance against mineral acids but will be destroyed by alkaline
Acid may cause material brittleness to steel fittings of synthetic lifting slings! Harmless acid solutions
may concentrate by evaporation to an extent that they provoke damages. Affected synthetic hoisting
equipment must be thoroughly rinsed in cold water, dried in open air and inspected by a competent
person.
Punctures or snaps;
Melting, charring or weld spatters are present on any part of the sling;
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Discoloration, brittle or stiff areas on any part of the sling, which may indicate chemical, heat,
or ultraviolet/sunlight damage;
Any other visible damage that causes doubt as to the strength of the sling.
Where any such damage or deficiencies is present, remove the sling from service immediately and
make sure it cannot be used any longer by cutting the sling in two pieces.
the activities, the rigging and the slings are fully engineered;
slings shall be manufactured and delivered in full compliance with the European Machinery
Directive 2006/42/EC, as this is a legal requirement;
use of the slings is in strict compliance with all aspects of users instructions provided by the
manufacturer;
slings with a Design Factor less than 1:7 have an accredited societys approval (DNV, Lloyds,
ABS, etc.) for the operation for which they are intended to be used;
local stresses in both the sling and structure, are fully evaluated and documented.
25.13.2 General hoisting activities, not being engineered
It has been recognised that there are a range of hoisting activities where the load requires some
form of surface protection and it is preferable to sling these loads with synthetic slings:
Light 1te 2te pipe spools that need to be lowered to the sea bed.
These operations would typically use endless round slings to attach to the load to prevent any
damage to the pipe spool coating / paintwork.
With reference to paragraph 4.2.1 of the Shell UIO specification of Group Standard for lifting and
hoisting operations in Europe, the use of synthetic slings for any dynamic hoisting operation is not
allowed.
For non engineered hoisting activities through the splash zone as well as any other situation where
the slings may be subject to snatch or shock load, only slings manufactured of a high performance
fibre (High Modulus Polyethylene HMPE) may be used. These slings are mainly known as Dyneema,
Spectra or Plasma and shall be in compliance with the European Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
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Note
Rules,
regulations and
Standards
Design Factor
Risk
Assessment
Note
European Union
European Machinery
Directive 2006/42/EC
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Accreditation body
Anemometer
Assessment
Assessor
Auxiliary Hoist
Banksman
Blind lifts
Boom
Bow shackle
Can
Certificate
Certification (personnel)
definition
Accreditation is the process of granting official approval to curricula and
training programs. The process is administrated by accreditation bodies
who ensure that de training program delivers the required competency
standards with programs of educational quality (ISO 15513).
Organization which oversees the assessment of candidates to prescribed
competency/training standards (ISO 15513/OMHEC).
Instrument for measuring wind speeds.
Assessment is the process of judging competency against prescribed
standards of performance (ISO 15513).
A person who makes judgments of skills and knowledge of a crane driver
(operator), slinger and signaller (ISO 15513).
A second hoisting system. Usually used in cranes to hoist light loads.
Person responsible for relaying a crane movement signal to the crane
operator (step change).
Lifting operation whereby the lifting appliance operator does not have a
direct view of the load or landing area (Norsok).
A steel lattice, or steel box section structure that forms a lifting mast
(OMHEC).
A shackle the crown of which forms more than a semicircle of internal
radius more than half the width (EN 13889:2003).
Verbal form used for statements of possibility and capability, whether
material, physical or incidental (Norsok).
Form based on ILOs recommendation, issued by the enterprise of
competence/competent person, confirming that the lifting or hoisting
equipment meets statutory requirements and is designed, embedded,
installed, set up, tested, documented and maintained in such a way that
use of the lifting and hoisting equipment is fully justified. The certificate
shall state the statutory requirements on which it is based.
Certification is the provision of formal recognition that competency has
been achieved or demonstrated. It will normally involve the provision of a
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Synonym
Dutch
Accreditatie
Synoniem
Certificatie instelling
Wind speed indicator
Windsnelheidsmeter
Examen
Anemometer
Assessment
Examinator
Deckman, Signaller,
Flagman
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Hulplier
Hijsbegeleider
Tweede lier
Lastbegeleider
H- sluiting,
Harpsluiting
Kan
Certificaat
Certificatie
Verklaring van
overeenstemming,
Fabrikantenverklaring
English
Chain block
Chain lever hoist
Check
Colour Code
Competency
Competent person
Crane
Crane operator
Dangerous goods
Deck crane
definition
certificate, an award or some other formal credit arrangement by a training
authority, a vocational education institution or an assessment body (ISO
15513).
A device giving a mechanical advantage, to lift a load suspended from one
chain (the load chain) by means of human effort applied to another chain
(operating chain) (Pr EN 13157).
A portable tool reefed with a load chain, and operated by a lever so as to
give a mechanical advantage (BS 4898).
Synonym
Dutch
Synoniem
Hand kettingtakel
Kettingtakel
Rateltakel
Kettingtakel
Sneltakel
Pullift
Controle
Visuele (uitwendige)
controle
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Kleurcodering
Competentie
Deskundigheid
Competent persoon
Deskundige
Kraan
Machinist
Gevaarlijke goederen
Dekkraan
Kraanmachinist
English
D- shackle
definition
A shackle the crown of which forms a semicircle of internal radius half the
width (EN 13889:2003).
Documented training
Training whereby it can be documented that the person who will use the
lifting equipment has received practical and theoretical training that
provides knowledge about its structure, operation, applications, limitations
and scope of use, as well as maintenance and inspection in accordance
with the requirements set for safe use and operation stipulated in
regulations and instructions for use (Norsok).
Earth-moving machine
Wheeled machine as defined in ISO 6165 which operates on work sites or
travel on public roads (ISO 3450).
Employing organization The person or organization requiring the lifting operation to take place.
The employing organization is not necessary the user (ISO/DIS 12480-1).
Enterprise of competence entity in the operator companies organisation, or in other companies or
institutions, that together have sufficient theoretical knowledge and
practical experience to understand calculations for lifting equipment, its
design and function, and to carry out necessary examinations and tests in
order to issue certificates (Norsok).
Floating crane
Crane mounted on a vessel or barge designed for its support and
transport, primarily intended for construction/deconstruction operations in
a marine environment (EN 13852-2).
Grommet (wire rope)
Endless wire rope sling made from one continuous length of strand,
formed to make a body composed of six strands around a strand core (EN
13414-3).
Heavy lift
Any load above 25 ton.
Hoisting
An activity during which the load is suspended and hangs freely, e.g. by
means of a crane, chain hoist, beam clamp, etc..
Identification Number
A unique number given to an item of lifting or hoisting equipment for
registration purposes and to facilitate traceability .
Inspection
Examination of a product design, product, service, process or plant, and
determination of their conformity with specific requirements or, on the
basis of professional judgment, general requirements (ISO/IEC 17020).
Inspection body
Synonym
Synoniem
Training
Grondverzetmachine
Employer
Graafmachine
Opdrachtgever
Ter zake kundige
onderneming
Engineering
Floating sheerlegs
Drijvende bok
Bok
Grommer (staalkabel)
Eindloze staalstrop
Examination,
Thorough
examination, Periodic
examination, Periodic
inspection
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Dutch
D-sluiting
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Identificatienummer
Kenmerk
Inspectie
Keuring
Onderzoek en
beproeving
Keuringsinstantie
English
Installation
Instructions
Jaw winch
Lift Plan
definition
Facility, plant and other equipment for petroleum activities (however, not
ships that transport petroleum in bulk) (Norsok).
Manual with technical procedure for use and maintenance.
Dutch
Installatie
Users instruction,
Gebruiksaanwijzing
Manual, Handbook
Device with gripping jaw that makes it possible, by means of a suitable
Tirfor, Cable puller,
Staalkabeltrekker
mechanical advantage, to apply a specific force to a rope by means of
Wire rope puller,
human effort applied to a lever(s) (Pr EN 13157).
Puller
Full set of documents which will include details of how the lifting and
Material handling plan Planning van de hefhoisting operation should be undertaken, the lifting and hoisting equipment
en
to be used, how the equipment should be rigged up and the control
hijswerkzaamheden
measures in place to manage the risks identified in the Task Risk
Assessment.
Any device that is used to support the load, including containers, tanks,
Cargo handling
Transporthouders
skips, skids, drum rackets, pipe racks, frames, gas cylinder racks, pallets, equipment,
flexible industrial bulk containers (big bags), tree cages, cargo nets and
Load carrier
cargo baskets.
An activity during which the load is lifted in a controlled and guided
Heffen
manner, normally spoken from the bottom of the load, e.g. by means of a
forklift truck, screw jack, hydraulic jack etc..
Any device which is used or designed to be used, directly or indirectly, to Lifting and hoisting
Hef- en hijs
connect a load to a lifting appliances and does not form part of the load.
components, Lifting
gereedschappen
and hoisting gear,
Load handling device
Any mechanical device capable of raising or lowering a load.
Hef- en hijs werktuigen
Synonym
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Synoniem
Handleiding
instructie
Tirfor, handlier,
staaldraadtrekker
Hijsprocedure
werkplan
Liften, tillen
Heftruck
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Verreiker
Hijstabel
English
Mobile crane
Mobile Elevating Work
Platform (MEWP)
Offshore container
Offshore crane
Offshore installation
Offshore Installation
Manager (OIM)
Offshore service
container
Overhead travelling
crane
Pad eye
Person In Charge (PIC)
Radius, L
definition
boom system which is attached on to the top of the column. The crane is
usually fitted on a commercial vehicle (including trailer) and is designed
for loading and unloading the vehicle (EN 129999).
A self powered jib crane capable of travelling, loaded or unloaded without
the need for fixed runways and relying on gravity for stability (EN 13000).
Mobile machine Intended to move persons to working positions where
they are carrying out work from the work platform with the intention that
persons are getting on and off the work platform only at access positions
at ground level or on the chassis (scope EN 280).
Portable unit for repeated use in the transport of goods or equipment,
handled in open seas, to, from, and between fixed and/or floating
installations and ships (EN 12079).
Slewing crane for general use mounted on an installation and which is
used to handle loads to and from supply boats, barges or semisubmersible installations.
An installation on or above the continental shelf for the purpose of
exploring for, or producing, minerals.
The installation can be either fixed or mobile (incl. FPSOs and FSUs)
(OMHEC).
Overall manager on the installation.
NOTE On a vessel this will be the captain. (Norsok).
Offshore container built and equipped for a special service task, usually as
a temporary installation, e.g. laboratories, workshops, stores, power
plants, control stations (EN 12079).
Crane with its bridge girders directly supported on rail tracks by travelling
carriages (ISO 4306/1).
A fitting having one or more eyes or rings to which a hook, shackle, steel
or synthetic sling can be secured.
A competent person who has overall control of the crane operation and
acts on behalf of the management of the organization requiring the load to
be moved (the employing organization).
( ISO 12480 1).
Horizontal distance between the axis of slewing of the turntable of the
crane and the vertical axis of an unladen load-handling device.
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Synonym
Knuckle boom crane
Dutch
Synoniem
Schaarlift, armlift,
hefplateau
Offshore container
Offshore kraan
Offshore installatie
Hoofd Mijnbouw
Installatie (HMI)
Offshore service
container
OHT crane
Bovenloopkraan
Hoisting lug
Hijsoog
Appointed person
Verantwoordelijk
persoon
Outreach
Vlucht
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Loopkraan
Loopkatkraan
Hijsplaat
Sprei
English
Rated capacity
Reach truck
Rigger
Rigging loft
Runway beam
Safe Working Load
(SWL)
Shackle
Shall
Should
definition
Load that the crane is designed to hoist for a given operating condition
(e.g. configuration, position of the load).
Self propelled seated rider operated variable reach truck intended to
handle loads of all kinds using attachments (EN 1459).
Competent person who is able to plan and execute a rigging job by
moving a load horizontally, vertically and possibly through different floor
levels, by use of different lifting and hoisting equipment.
An offshore container, or similar, modified specially to suit the storage of
lifting and hoisting equipment (often equipped with lighting and heating) .
An overhead structural beam certified to a specific WLL and used for the
attachment of hoisting equipment, such as trolleys, beam clamps etc..
The maximum load (as certified by an independent competent person)
which an item of lifting and hoisting equipment may raise, lower or
suspend under particular service conditions, e.g. the SWL can be lower
than, but can never exceed, the WLL.
Normally SWL = WWL unless the equipment has been de-rated.
A hoisting accessory comprising a body and pin which are readily
separable and can be used to connect a load to a lifting or hoisting
appliance directly or in conjunction with other accessories.
Verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to
conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted, unless
accepted by all involved parties
NOTE This verbal form is used in connection with UIO CMS standard. If
other solutions are necessary, this shall be treated as a non-conformance
and dealt with as a deviation according to company requirements. The
alternative solution, together with any compensating measures, shall
provide an equivalent level of safety.
Verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is
recommended as particularly suitable without mentioning or excluding
others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily
required
NOTE The term should means that other solutions can be chosen than
the one recommended in the standard. It shall be documented that the
alternative solution provides an equivalent level of safety (Norsok).
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Synonym
Dutch
Werklast
Synoniem
Verreiker
Reach truck
Technisch specialist,
hijs en hef specialist
Rigger
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Opslagplaats hijs- en
hefgereedschappen
Hijsbalk (vast
aangebracht)
Werklast
Sluiting
Moet
Zou
Bedrijfslast, veilige
werklast
English
Significant wave height
Slewing
Sling
Slinger
Snatch block
Suspended basket
Tag line
Task Risk Assessment
(TRA)
Test
Toolbox Talk
definition
Average height of the highest third of prevailing waves, typically measured
over a period of three hours.
NOTE As a rule of thumb, significant wave height is about half the
maximum wave height (Norsok).
Angular motion of the revolving part in the horizontal plane of a bridge,
portal or cantilever crane (ISO 4306/1).
Wire ropes, chains, synthetic web and metal mesh made into forms, with
or without fittings, for handling loads (step change).
A slinger is a person responsible for attaching and detaching the load to
and from the crane load-attachment and for the use of the correct lifting
gear and equipment in accordance with the planning of the operation for
proper positioning of loads.
The slinger is responsible for initiating the planned movement of the crane
and load (ISO 15513).
Lifting equipment consisting of at least one sheave in a frame with an
attachment point for rope, wire sling or chain that can be attached to a
fixed point or to a movable point on the load (Norsok).
Arrangement designed for the lifting of persons by a crane (EN 14502-1).
Synonym
Synoniem
Zwenken
Strop
Hookman,
Load handler,
Roustabout
Rope, usually synthetic, attached to the load and to be used to control the
horizontal movement, swinging or twisting of the load during a lift.
Is a process in which people involved in a task, assess each step of a job, Job Hazard Analysis
identify the existing and potential HSE risks and hazards involved and
(JHA), Job Safe
agree the controls and safe working practices.
Analysis (JSA), Safe
Job Analysis (SJA)
A technical operation which consists of determining or checking one or
more characteristics of a product under test in accordance with
established procedures. (ISO DIS 11927).
A (short) discussion held between all members involved in a lifting or
Tailgate meeting,
hoisting operation prior to commencement of work in order to agree on all Toolbox meeting,
aspects of the work and the sequential steps to be taken to complete the Toolbox
work. The toolbox talk shall cover the work plan, hazards, the controls,
roles and responsibilities and any recovery measures to be taken if the
controls are not completely effective.
Doc. Nr.:
Revision. Nr.:
Date:
NAM-LIFHOI.SP.01
1
09/05/2014
Electronic copies to be obtained from the Shell UIO CMS website
Dutch
Golfhoogte
Custodian:
Page:
Peter Verhoef
141 of 143 pages
Printed copies are uncontrolled documents
Hijsbegeleider
Klapschijf
Blok
Werkbak
Manbak,
personenhijsbak
Stuurlijn
TRA
Test
beproeving
Werkoverleg
English
Training
Winch
definition
A programme drawn up to teach a person the necessary skills and
knowledge to fulfil a function/job (OMHEC / Step Change).
Mechanism which transmits pull by means of a flexible element (rope,
chain) from a power-driven drum:
drum hoist;
friction hoist;
capstan (ISO 4306/1).
The maximum load, which an item of lifting and hoisting equipment is
designed to raise, lower or suspend.
Doc. Nr.:
Revision. Nr.:
Date:
NAM-LIFHOI.SP.01
1
09/05/2014
Electronic copies to be obtained from the Shell UIO CMS website
Synonym
Dutch
Opleiding
Synoniem
Lier
Custodian:
Page:
Peter Verhoef
142 of 143 pages
Printed copies are uncontrolled documents
Werklast
WL