Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Received21 February1966
[.
HARRIS
Department
of ElectricalEngineering,
CohtmbiaUniversity,.VewI;ork,.Ve'zo
York 10027
INTRODUCTION
Nofathe
paper
bythe
author
inin1963,
values
of soundin air wats
absorption
of sonnd
air measured
were given
as a say that the attenuationcoefficient
function of humidity in the frequencyrange between evaluated from measurements of the decay rate of dif2000and 12 500Hz (cps),at normalatmospheric
pres- fuse soundin a sphericalchamber1.68 m in diameter.
sureand at a temperatureof 20C.The data presented During measurements,the temperatureof the chamber
heregreatlyextendthe previouswork over a wide tem- was held constant to within 0.1C. Precautions were
peraturerangeand providemeasuredvalueshaving taken to rid the chamberof contaminationby evacuatgreateraccuracythroughimprovedmethodsof data ing it by meansof vacuumpumps; then the spherical
reduction. A total of 2800 measurements were made at
chamberwasfilled with dry air havinga carbondioxide
i-octavefrequencyintervalsfrom 2000to 12 500 Hz at contentof 300 parts per million, whichis a usualvalue.
eachof six temperatures
in the rangefrom --0.5 to Randomnoisefrom a sourcein the chamberwaspicked
25.1C at nmTnalatmosphericpressure.The nexvdata up by a microphone,amplified,and fed through -oct
are comparedwith thoseof past investigations.Then a filter to a high-speedlevel recorder.When the random
"best fit" is obtained to existing data. These results noise source was turned off, a curve of the decay of
make it possibleto evaluatethe effectsof air absorption sound in the chamber was obtained. The slope of the
overa rangeof environmentalconditionsencountered
in curve determinedthe decay rate in decibelsper second
practical problemsin acousticalengineering,for ex- at the frequencyof the centerof the band to which the
ample:(1) theca.
lculationof theattennationof soundin -oct analvzer is set. For a singletest condition,three
air owingto air absorption;(2) the calculationof the decay curveswere superposed;then the averageslope
curveswasobtainedto
contributionof air absorptionto the total absorptionin of three suchsetsof snperposed
a large room; (3) the correctionfor air absorptionin determine the decay rate for this condition.This decay
reverberation-timemeasurementsin large auditoriuns; rate, when correctedfor lossesat the boundariesof the
and (4) the correctionfor air absorptionin the measure- chamber,is a measureof the total absorptionof sound
ment of the sound-absorption
coefficientsof materials in the chamber.
tested in a reverberation chamber. These results have
In determining the magnitude of the absorptionof
been extrapolateddownwardin freqnencyto 125 Hz soundin air from measurementsof the rate of decay of
and extrapolatedto coverthe temperaturerangefrom soundin a chamber,it is necessaryto evaluate the contribution
--10 to 30C.
to losses
The experimental
setupandmeasnrement
techniques in acousticenergy at the botmdariesof the chamber.
usedhere are the sameas thoseemployedin the earlier The techniqueusedhere is to evaluate thesewall losses
C. M. Harris, J. Acoust.Soc.Am. 35, 11-17 (1963).
directly, by meansof decay-ratedata obtainedwhen
148
Volume40
Number I
1966
ABSORPTION
OF
SOUNI)
IN
AIR
max =0.00214
0.002
20C
hmax = 11.7%
themeasured
valueof therateof decayof soundin the
nitrogen-filled
chamber
and thewduecomputed
from
64
kHz
absorption
data on nitrogen(the nitrogendata of Par-
brookandTempest
=areusedin thiscalcuhttion)
repre-
(1)
0.001
R..............
t(=i, = R,i+RwudB/sec,
(2)
air absorption.
The wall-lossterm in theseequations
is approximatelythe same becauseboth gasesare
closelysimilar in molecularweight and characteristic
acousticimpedance.
By combiningEqs. 1 and 2, the
rate of decayof soundin the chamberowingonly to
the absorption
of soundin air is givenby
R:i=R............
(i-- R ...........l(x-o--Rx: dB/see, (3)
400
600
800
I000
333 LOGo(IOR.H.)
the relation
m= Ri/(4.343c)meters
-t,
(4)
wherec is thevelocityof soundin metersper second. providedfor the printout of the followingresults:(1)
total attenuation coefficientm= m,,+m (i.e., the sum
The methodsof dam reductionthat wereemployed of the attenuation toeflrelents due to molecular and
to determine the values of m for wtrious conditions in
this study itre described in detail in the next Section. A
resultsare presented
in Sec.III. Then lhev are applied results provided by thbscomputer program were a.a-
lvzed
asindicated
i;thisSection.
Thena computational
procednrewas clevelopedfor evaluating the total ataj. Hillsenrathet al., "Table of Thermal Propertiesof Gases,"
Natl. Bur. Std. (U.S.) Cite. No. 564 (1 Nov. 1955).
The Jeurnal of the AcousticalSocietyof America
149
C .
H A P. R I S
DELSASSO
+ LEONARD
22'C
HARRIS 963
Fl. 2. P,elaxation
frequency
asa functionof theconcentration
of watervaporin air expressed
in gm/m:'.The relationship
usedin the
resultspresentedin this paperis shownas the solidcurve.
tenuation coefficientfor auv temperatore, frequency, wheref .... is the frequencyin kilohertz corresponding
peak at h (expressed
in gramsper cubic
or hnmidity xvithinthe range over which the experi- to absorption
centimeter).The valuesof h given by this solid curve
mentaldata may be extrapolatedwith confidence.
wereusedin calculatingthe absorptioncurvespresented
A. Values of h ......
in Sec. III. There is a marked disagreementbetween
For a giventemperatureandfrequency,themolecular this curve and the theoreticalrelationshipof Kneser,7
in gramsper
perature(--0.5,5.6, 10.2, 14.8,20.0,and25.1C) peratureif the water vaporis expressed
at nine differentfrequencies
(2.0, 2.5, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, 6.4, cubicmeter.If wemake thisassumptionandnowobtain
8.0, 10.0, and 12.5 kHz). From theseplots, an experi- an equivalentrelationshipin whichthe water vapor is
mentally determinedvalue of h......for eachfrequency, expressedin tool fractions,then f ..... increasesas the
and at each temperature,was obtained.These data are temperaturedecreases!Such an "inverse" relationship
shownin Fig. 2, where the wdues of h...... are expressed has been observedexperimentallyfor other gasesconin gramsper cubicmeter, alongwith similardata from taining water vapor? Accordingto data of Ref. 9, the
other studies.The solid curve representsa best fit to relationship,where h is expressedin grams per cubic
the data at 20Cfrom this and previousdata obtained meter, is not actually constant;instead,at high conwith the same experimentalsetup,. as well as data centrationsof water vapor, as the temperaturedecreases
obtained by other experimentersas weightedby the the value of f ...... increases,thereby accentuatingthe
author. This solidcnrve,in the frequencyrangebetween
f ......= 0.79h2+1.47h--0.15,
(5)
Volume 40
(1949).
2394 (1964).
150
Number 1
1966
:\ BS;O R PTIO
O1:
SO UN
I N
.\I
1.0
0.4
0.2
0
O
IO
12
13
I).0074 m , etc.
B. Maximum Value of Molecular Absorption
versus Frequency
]'he data pointsfor catchcurveof molecnlarabsorprepresentedby m....... Accordingto theory, the maxi- tion versushumidity at constantfrequencywere normum valuesof molecularabsorptionincreaselinearly realizedin the followingway. At a given temperature,
with frequency.
TMSincem......= ......;/X,xvemay obtain the value of the molccnlarcoefficient(m,,,)for eachdata
wdues of both u...... and m...... from plots of versus point xvasdividedby themaxhmlmwdueof the molecuhumidity, suchas the oneshownin l:ig. 1. For example, lar attenuation coefficientfor that temperatnre; this
in this illustration, ......=0.00214; dividing by the ratio is deiined here as m/m ....... Shqfilarly, the correwavelengthfor at frequencyof 6400 Hz at 2{)(', we pondingvalue of relativehnmiditv h for the data point
obtain the maximrim wdue of molecuhtrabsorptionat wasdividedby h.......Accordingto the theor),of Kneser,
data for variousfrequencies
this freqncncy and temperature, i.e., (t.(1399m . The absorptiol-versus-humi(lity
wducsof .......measuredat the variousfrc({ucncics
were that are so nomutlized should all fall along a single
averaged, obtaining the following wtlues of /..... at cnrvc, which is shownby dashedlines in Fig. 3. This
procedure
rest\Its
the temperaturesindicated:-0.5C, 0.(X)152;5.6C, studyshowsthat sncha nomalization
0.00170; 10.2C, 0.(X)187; 14.gC, 0.00205; 20.0C, in a singlecurve.l:or example,thedatapointsfor 20C
0.00214; 25.1C, 0.00247. These values, which are are shownin Fig..3 and the best lit thronghthesedata,
, is represented
by the
higher than similar data obtainedin past studieswith obtZned at differentfre(lnencies
this experimentalsetup,were averagedwith the earlier solidcnrvc.This solidcurve indicatesthat theor)' does
clara.t. A smooth curve drawn throngh the res\firing not fit the measnrcdvalues of absorptionbelow and
wtluesof ......yieldswduesthat are clo>,cto thosepre- abovethe maximumwtlue of absorption a result that
has beenobservedin the past when the data of earlie
dicted by theory.
investigators
werepresentedin normalizedform.n This
The follovingwtlnes of/ ...... were employed,at the
temperatnresindicated, in the computerprogram for is becausethe above theory assumedthat the angular
determining the wftues of m......: -10C, 0.(}0114; relaxationfreqnencywtrieswith h'",as indicatedby the
iHtln/ wtlue of molecular attenuation coefficient m,, is
l"K. l"JHerzfeld
an(lT. :\. Litovitz,
_Ibsorplion
andDispersion
of I;ltrasonicIf'aves(.\cademicPressInc., New York, 1959).
n W. I,. Nyborg and l). Mintzer, x3,'rightAir Development
Center, Wright-Patterson :\["B, WADC Tech. Rcpt. No. 54-602
(May 1955), Sec. 1.2.4.
151
C.
M.
HARRIS
A. Evaluation
absorption
versushumidityfor variousfrequencies
and
temperatures.
This procedure
wasfollowed,employing
a high-speeddigital computer that had been programreedto calculatethe curvesof molecularabsorption versushumidity,usingthe data from exper/mental
measurements
as inpnt information.In the computer,
the classicalabsorptionwits added to the molecular
absorptionto yield the total value of the attenuation
coefficient.The advantageof this evaluationprocedure
is that it providesa convenientmeansof determining
soundabsorptionat frequenciesand temperaturesother
of Wall
Losses
In order to achievehigheraccuracyin the measurementof the absorptionof soundin air by the reverberationmethod(or the"intensity"method),it isnecessary
to evaluatewall losseswith precision.The greater the
wall losses,the more important is this sourceof error.
Becausethe decay rate that is measureddependsupon
the sum of the absorptionsby the walls and the air,
the wall lossesshouldbe small comparedwith the air
losses.Therefore, the lossesof acousticenergyat the
walls of the test chamber
minimum.
For the above reasons,a sphericalchamber was employed in this stud)', becauseit presentsthe smallest
wall surfacearea for a given volume and becauseits
were identical
AND
OTHER
COMPARISON
WITH
STUDIES
in which
the measurements
were
carried out.
tions. In most of thesestudies,the reverberation-chamIn the study by Evans and Baztey, a singlechamber
ber method has been employed,in which the rate of was employed,but becauseof physicallimitations it
decayof soundin air has beenmeasuredfor various wasimpracticalto sealthe chamberand fill it with a gas,
humidityconditions
at a constantvalueof frequency. such as nitrogen, for the purposeof calibrating wall
Laboratorymeasurements
of the absorptionof sound losses.Hence, the)' used the followingindirect evaluain air are subject to severalmajor sourcesof error tion procedure,which affordedgreateropportunityfor
(systematic
or random)resultingfrom (1) an inability error. They computedtheir wall lossesand curves of
to evaluatewith precisionlossesin acousticenergyin- absorptionversushumidity from the followingequation
troduced bv the walls of the test chamber; (2) the lack andonly a singlesetof experimental
measurements
(i.e.,
of adequatecontrolof the test-chamberenvironment, measurementsof the reverberationtime of an empty reincludingtemperatureand gas composition;and (3) verberationchamberfor varioushumidity conditions):
the lack of precisionin humidity measurement,either
as a result of instrumentation error or as a result of
137.2fX 10-4
1-4.6(/)IX 10-=
absorption
of moistureby the wallsof the testchamber.
Thesesourcesof errorare considered
belowin comparing
the results of the various studies.
152
Volume40
Number1
1966
molecular
ideal surface
(6)
classical
ABSORPTi'ON
OF
SOUND
IN
AIR
CIRCULATION
PUMP
GATEVALVE ----LOUDSPEAKER
SATURATOR
ELEMENTS
I"m. 4. Simplifiedschematicdiagramof the air-circulationsystem. Air is recirculatedcontinuouslythrough the sphericalchamber. The saturator either takes away moisture from the air or
addsmoistureto it, dependingon the relative temperaturesof the
sphericalchamber and the saturator.
sicalabsorption;
and (5) checktheirresults.Sincephysicallimitationsof themeasurement
setupmadeit imposMble to provide any independentmeansof measuring ment that had been employedby earlier investigators.
the aboveparameters,includingthe effectsof wall losses, One method was to weight the amount of water that
wasevaporatedin the test chamberprior to the establishmentof a givenhumidity condition.It wasdemonstrated that this technktuecan lead to seriouserror
thepltst),themeasurement
valuedoesnot representthe
humidity within the chamberbecauseof absorptionor
B.
Control
of Environment
of Test
Chamber
peratureof the chamberto within0.1C.In contrast was achieved;often, this requiredits muchas hour of
to this anti the controls employed in other studies, no
recirculation.
Then
the humidity
was determined
by
Ref.
1.
A determinationof the relationshipbetweenrelaxawere made was 2.1C. tt was necessaryfor them to rely
tion
frequencyand humidity requireshighly accurate
on tlneorv
to correcttheirrestilLs
to 20Candtinademeasurementof humidity, particuhirly at low concenquate theoreticaltreatmentof how absorptionwtries trationsof water wipor ,vherethe accuracyof measure-
mentisrelatively
poor.
Although
a humidlily
measure-
possibilityof contamination
of the air undertest,either
by smogor by chemicaldrying agentssuch as those
employedby Evans and Bazlev to redneethe wdue of
humidity in their test chamber.Furthermore,it avoids
15:t
C.
M.
HARRIS
R.H.
TEMPERATURE
20C
25 C
(5':)
(59.0[:)
(68.0I:)
(77.0F)
(86.01:)
30
40
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
60
70
80
0.00436
0.00338
0.00317
0.00312
0.00308
0.00305
0.00302
0.00300
0.00298
0.00296
0.00294
0.00292
0.00291
0.00282
0.00267
0.00255
0.00362
0.00316
0.00303
0.00301
0.00299
0.00297
0.00294
0.00292
0.00290
0.00289
0.00287
0.00285
0.00283
0.00274
0.00259
0.00246
0.00346
0.00313
0.00300
0.00298
0.00296
0.00294
0.00291
0.00289
0.00287
0.00285
0.00283
0.00281
0.00279
0.00269
0.00255
0.00244
0.00339
0.00305
0.00291
0.00288
0.00286
0.00285
0.00283
0.00281
0.00279
0.00277
0.00275
0.00274
0.00272
0.00264
0.00250
0.00239
15 C
20C
25C
(()
(59.01:)
(68.0F)
(77.0I,')
(86.0F)
30
40
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
60
70
80
0.04861
0.03577
0.03178
0.03107
0.03040
0.02974
0.02914
0.02861
0.02809
0.02759
0.02714
0.02670
0.02632
0.02444
0.02227
0.02086
0.03794
0.02870
0.02603
0.02564
0.02527
0.02499
0.02472
0.02444
0.02419
0.02397
0.02371
0.02343
0.02321
0.02243
0.02131
0.02042
0.03130
0.02570
0.02435
0.02417
0.02401
0.02385
0.02369
0.02353
0.02337
0.02321
0.02306
0.02293
0.02280
0.02216
0.02107
0.02014
0.02814
0.02506
0.02413
0.02395
0.02377
0.02362
0.02347
0.02332
0.02317
0.02301
0.02286
0.02271
0.02257
0.02192
0.02072
0.01979
30C
TEMPERATURE
R.tI.
15 C
TEMPERATURE
15 C
20C
25C
30C
(%)
(59.0I:)
(68.0[:)
(77.01:
')
(86.0I?)
30
40
45
0.01432
0.01110
0.01040
0.01187
0.01037
0.00996
0.01136
0.01029
0.00986
46
47
48
49
50
51
0.01026
0.01013
0.01003
0.00993
0.00986
0.00979
0.00989
0.00982
0.00974
0.00967
0.00960
0.00954
52
53
54
55
60
70
80
0.00972
0.00966
0.00960
0.00954
0.00925
0.00878
0.00838
0.00948
0.00942
0.00936
0.00930
0.00901
0.00851
0.00807
30C
TEMPEnATURE
15C
20C
25C
30C
(Sk)
(59.0F)
(68.0I:)
(77.0F)
(86.0F)
0.01113
0.01002
0.00955
30
0.03217
0.02559
0.02088
0.01718
40
45
0.02412
0.02131
0.01901
0.01695
0.01589
0.01444
0.01416
0.01340
0.00979
0.00972
0.00964
0.00957
0.00950
0.00943
0.00947
0.00941
0.00935
0.00928
0.00922
0.00916
46
47
48
49
50
51
0.02078
0.02033
0.01991
0.01948
0.01908
0.01871
0.01659
0.01623
0.01591
0.01561
0.01534
0.01507
0.01421
0.01401
0.01382
0.01368
0.01354
0.01340
0.01330
0.01322
0.01313
0.01305
0.01297
0.01289
0.00936
0.00929
0.00922
0.00916
(}.00884
0.00839
0.00803
0.00910
0.00904
0.00899
0.00893
0.00868
0.00823
0.00784
52
0.01836
0.01483
0.01327
0.01280
53
54
55
6(}
70
80
0.01802
0.01770
0.01739
0.01599
0.01384
0.01242
0.01459
0.01438
0.01419
0.01322
0.01215
0.01145
0.01316
0.01302
0.01288
0.01242
0.01183
0.01136
0.01272
0.01265
0.01258
0.01225
0.01168
0.01119
R.H.
TEMPERATURE
15c
20c
25oc
R.H.
30oc
15oc
20oc
( i )
(59.0F)
(68.0F)
0.00954
0.00857
30
0.10556
0.00783
0.00742
0.00736
0.00732
0.00763
0.00735
0.00730
0.00724
40
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
0.07914
0.06993
0.06819
0.06672
0.06532
0.06392
0.06261
0.06139
52
53
54
0.06024
0.05912
0.05807
55
60
70
80
0.05707
0.05247
0.04542
0.04075
(59.01:)
(68.0F)
30
0.01481
0.01156
40
45
46
47
0.01090
0.00968
0.00947
0.00926
0.00874
0.00793
0.00781
0.00770
48
49
50
5i
52
53
54
55
60
70
80
0.00906
0.00888
0.00872
0.00856
0.00841
0.00827
0.00813
0.00802
0.00744
0.00678
0.00635
0.00761
0.00753
0.00745
0.00737
0.00730
0.00722
0.00714
0.00707
0.00683
0.00649
0.00622
0.00727
0.00722
0.00717
0.00712
0.00707
0.00703
0.00699
0.00695
0.00675
0.00642
0.00613
0.00720
0.00715
0.00710
0.00706
0.00701
0.00696
0.00692
0.00687
0.00668
0.00631
0.00603
Volume40
Number1
TEMPERATURE
(86.0[:)
(5)
154
(77.0F)
1966
25oc
30oc
(77.0F)
(86.0F)
0.08398
0.06852
0.05637
0,06238
0.05561
0.05444
0.05327
0.05220
0.05124
0.05033
0.04945
0.05215
0.04738
0.04664
0.04599
0.04537
0.04490
0.04443
0.04397
0.04648
0.04397
0.04366
0.04337
0.04310
0.04283
0.04256
0.04229
0.04867
0.04789
0.04721
0.04656
0.04340
0.03988
0.03757
0.04355
0.04317
0.04274
0.04202
0.04175
0.04150
0.04129
0.04021
0.03833
0.03672
0.04228
0.04075
0.03883
0.03729
ABSO
RI'TIt)
I N
O1,'
.\ I l(
0.09
0.08
0.07
006
0,05
004
frequencies
between2.0 and 12.5 kHz at
l-oct intervals.
0.03
12.5 KHz
0.02
I0,0
8,0
IO
20
;50
40
RELATIVE
50
60
70
80
90
I00
HUMIDITY , PERCENT
RESULTS
independent
check
hasbeenmadeat 20C.Theexperi- humidities of 5cy 100% in incrementsof 5 R.H.
mentalsetupusedfor sound-absorption
datapresented Eexceptin the r;mgcfrom45 to ,55%R.H., wherethe
here was used to measurethe absorptionof soundin increments
are 1%; and (3) for frequencies
of 12,5,
oxygenasa functionof water-vapor
content.
'4The re- 250, ,500,1000, 2(}00,2,500,320(I, 4000, 5000, `5940,6300,
suitssoobtainedagreeveryclosely
with recentdatafor 8000, 10 000, and 12 `500Hz. Values in the frequency
oxygenobtained
by Henderson,
:"c'
whoemployed
it range from 12,5to 1000 Hz were detemxinedby extraresonant
pressure-chamber
measurement
system,
7using polarion from the data at higher frequenciesby the
a measurement
techniquethat avoidsthe useof a hy-
grometer,
whichma5' introduce
oneof the principle ture and humidity rangeslisted aboveare tabulated, in
sourcesof error. Also, theserestiltsare in closeagree- both the metric and English systemsof tinits, in a Namentwith theoxygendataof KnotzelandKnotzelfisas tional Aeronauticsand Space Administration report=
4C. M. Harrisand W. Tempest,J. Acoust.qoc.Am..6, 24162417 (1964).
is M. C. Henderson,
J. Acoust.Soc.:\m. 34,349 350 (1962).
r,,I. C. Henderson,A. V. Clark, and P. 14.15ntz,J. Acoust.
Soc. Am. 37, 456 463 (1965).
155
C.
M.
HARRIS
ent valuesof temperature.Note that (1) the maximum soundin terln of decibelsper unit distance.Valuesof
value of absorptionincreaseswith increasingtemperature, and (2) the peak in the curvesshifts to a lower
0.20
0.18
0.6
0.16
0.14
0.12
E
0
_0 0.10
(c)
Z.Z
0.08
2.0
0.06
1.8
0.04
1.6
0.02
1.4
0
-I0
-5
TEMPERATURE,
IO
15
20
25
30
OEGREES CENTIGRADE
(a)
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.2
OJ
-io
-5
i0
15
20
25
TEMPERATURE
, DEGREESCENTIGRADE
(b)
30
-i0
-5
[0
15
20
25
50
TEMPERATURE, DEGREESCENTIGRADE
(d)
FIG. 6. Attenuation of soundin air versu* temperaturefor various values of relative humidity. The attenuation is given in
dB/100 meters.
156
Volume 40
Number 1
1966
ABSORPTION
OF
SOUND
IN
AIR
attenuation
in decibels
permeterareobtainedby multi- the source,so that it is sometimesreferredto as "excess
plying the total attenuationcoefficientby 4.343. This attenuation." It does not include losses due to other
information has been tabulated in full in Ref. 20, both factorssucha. scattering.
in themetricand Englishsystemsof units.Someof these
B. Calculation of Reverberation
Time
data are plotted in Fig. 6, which givesthe attenuation
in decibelsper 100 metersas a functionof temperature
In calculating the reverberationtime of a room, the
for variousvaluesof relative humidity. This represents
absorption.
Example. Snppose that a room has a volume of
-5
I0
20
25
30
(e)
12
C. Corrections
to Reverberation-Time
Measurements
by different in-
vestigators
maytie attril)utedto differences,
duringthe
measurements,
of temperature
andhumidityconditions.
The following procedureis suggestedto correct this
possiblesourceof discrepancy,and to provide an improved basisfor the comparisonof reverberation-time
data for various large halls at higher frequencies.
presenlizg
reverberalio,-lime
dalafor largeaudiloriums,
irrespective
of lhe humidily atd lemperahtreat which
measuremeldsare made, carreel lhe reverbera!iotlime so
lha! il represcnls
lhe reverberalio,.
lime lha! c,
ouldhave
bee, oblai,ed if lhemeasuremezIs
hadbee madeal a rela-
tivehumidilyof50%anda lemperahtre
of20C,i.e.,slazdard conditions.This correctionmay be made as follows.
0
-I0
-5
TEMPERATURE
I0
, DEGREES
15
20
CENTIGRADE
25
30
157
C.
M.
HARRIS
0.03
0.02
/\
'
'
ooo Hz
Fro. 7. Values of total attenuation
coefficient
IO
20
50
40
50
RELATIVE
60
70
80
90
reverberation
I00
HUMIDITY , PERCENT
time.
= R.........a+R= 28.57dB/sec--1.54dB/sec
25Cand a relativehumidityof 800o.At 4000Hz, the R....'eeted
= 27.03 dB/sec
(s)
condition"(20C,500 R.H.)?
(7)
to=60 dB/27.03dB/'secm2.2
sec.
(9)
0.07
[ _.
....
C 0.06
50%R.H.
0.05
0.04
LL
0.03
3 0,02
L
0.01
I0
15
20
TEMPERATURE
158
Volume 40
25
, DEGREES
Number I
1966
CENTIGRADE
3O
ABSORPTION
OF
SOUND
IN
AIR
TEMVEItA TUIIE
B.H.
15C
20C
25oc
3o(2
(',.)
(59.01
.')
(68.01
;'
(77.01
,')
(86.01:
)
30
40
45
46
47
48
5.29
4.10
3.85
3.79
3.75
3.71
3.67
3.64
3.62
3.59
3.57
3.55
3.53
3.42
3.25
3.10
4.43
3.87
3.71
3.69
3.66
3.63
4.27
3.87
3.71
3.68
3.65
3.63
3.60
3.57
3.55
3.52
3.49
3.47
3.44
3.33
3.16
3.02
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
60
7(I
80
3.61
3.58
3.56
3.53
3.51
3.49
3.47
3.36
3.17
3.01
4.22
3.80
3.62
3.59
3.57
3.54
3.52
3.50
3.47
3.45
3.43
3.41
3.39
3.29
3.12
2.97
coefiqcient for
the
material
under
test even
if
TEMPERATURE
(5/)
15C
20C
25C
(59.01:
)
(68.0F)
(77.0I:)
30oc
(186.01:
)
30
40
45
46
47
48
49
50
5l
52
53
54
55
611
39.01
29.24
25.84
25.20
24.65
24.14
23.62
23.14
22.68
22.26
21.85
21.46
21.09
19.39
31.30
23.25
20.73
20.29
19.85
19.46
19.10
18.76
18.43
18.14
17.85
17.59
17.35
16.18
25.76
19.60
17.81
17.53
17.29
17. (15
16.88
16.70
16.53
16.37
16.23
16.(}7
15.89
15.32
21.37
17.62
16.67
16.55
16.44
16.34
16.23
16.13
16.03
15.93
15.82
15.73
15.65
15.24
70
811
16.78
15.06
14.87
14.00
14.60
14.02
14.53
13.92
iently by the useof TablesVII IX. For example,suppose that measurementsat 4000 Hz are made in a re-
R.H.
TEMPERATURE
15 C
20C
25 C
311(2
((&)
(59.0F)
(68.0F)
(77.0F)
(86.0F)
30
40
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
60
70
80
17.96
13.22
i 1.74
11.48
11.24
10.99
10.77
10.57
111.38
10.20
10.03
9.87
9.73
9.03
8.23
7.71
14.14
10.70
9.70
9.56
9.42
9.32
9.21
9.11
9.02
8.94
8.84
8.73
8.65
8.36
7.94
7.61
11.77
9.66
9.15
9.07
9.03
8.97
8.91
8.85
8.79
8.73
8.67
8.62
8.57
8.33
7.92
7.57
10.67
9.50
9.15
9.08
9.01
8.95
8.90
8.84
8.78
8.72
8.67
8.61
8.55
8.31
7.85
7.50
]59