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CHAPTER 5
CHEMICAL BONDS
Almost all chemical
substances exist as
compounds in nature
except inert gases
and other stable
element (such as
gold and silver).
Atom of other
element that have
less than eight
valence electron
are not stable
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
79
Ionic Bond
Example:
Formation of
Cation
Formation of
Anion
Non-Metal atom
from group 15, 16
and 17 tend to
accept the
electrons.
80
Exercise
1.
b) Magnesium ion
c) Aluminium ion
81
2.
b) Oxide ion
c) Nitride ion
82
83
Exercise
1.
b) Magnesium oxide
84
c) Calcium chloride
d) Aluminium oxide
85
2.
b) Magnesium oxide
86
c) Calcium chloride
d) Aluminium oxide
87
Ionic Equations
Equation that represent the formation of ionic compounds are
known as ionic equation.
Example:
a) Formation of sodium chloride, NaCl
i) Chemical Equation :
ii) Half-ionic Equation :
Exercise
1.
b) Magnesium chloride
c) Aluminium oxide
88
Exercise
1.
2.
Proton
Number
A
1
Electron
Arrangement
Ionic
Formula
Atom
Proton
Number
11
12
17
20
19
17
13
13
17
Electron
Arrangement
Ionic
Formula
Compound
Formula
89
Covalent Bond
Covalent bond is the
chemical bond
formed through the
sharing of electron
between two or more
non metal atom to
form covalent
compound.
90
91
Exercise
1.
b) Carbon dioxide
92
c) Ammonia
b) Tetrachloromethane , CCl4.
93
Example:
If atom P has 8 protons and atom Q has 9 protons, determine the
formula of the covalent compound formed.
94
Exercise
Proton
number
Electron
config.
Atom
Proton
number
Electron
config.
Compound
formula
2.4
2.7
AB4
16
17
95
IONIC BOND
COVALENT BOND
Similarity
Differences
Formation
Particles
Force of
Attraction
96
COVALENT COMPOUND
PROPERTIES
Melting &
Boiling point
Electric
Conductivity
Physical State
Solubility
97
Exercise
1. (a) Table 1.1 shows the proton number of three elements, X, Y, and
Z. The letters used do not represent the actual symbols of the
elements.
Element
X
Y
Z
i)
Proton Number
6
12
17
Table 1.1
ii)
iii)
i)
98
Melting pt
(oC)
Boiling pt
(oC)
Solubility in
water
Solubility in
organic
solvent
800
1 420
Soluble
Insoluble
- 95
86
Insoluble
Soluble
Table 1.2
i) State the physical state of the following compound at room
condition.
U : _______________________________________________________
V : _______________________________________________________
ii) State the type of compound for U.
__________________________________________________________
iii) Explain why melting point and boiling point of compound U is
higher than V?
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