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Figure 1: Split-phase motor. (a) Schematic diagram. (b) Phasor diagram at starting.
Dr. Ahsan
Page 1
For higher starting torque a series resistance is inserted in the starting auxiliary
winding or a series inductive reactance is inserted in the main winding; this
additional reactance is short-circuited when the motor builds up speed.
2. Capacitor motors
Capacitor motors have a capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding and come in
three varieties: (i) capacitor start, (ii) two-value capacitor, and (iii) permanent-split
capacitor.
The first two use a centrifugal switch or relay to open the circuit or reduce the size of
the starting capacitor when the motor comes up to speed. A two-value-capacitor
motor, with one value for starting and one for running, can be designed for optimum
starting and running performance; the starting capacitor is disconnected after the
motor starts. The relevant schematic diagrams and torquespeed characteristics are
shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4.
Motors in which the auxiliary winding and the capacitor are not cut out during the
normal running conditions operate, in effect, as unbalanced two-phase induction
motors.
Dr. Ahsan
Page 2
Figure 2: Capacitor-start motor. (a) Schematic diagram. (b) Phasor diagram at starting.
(c) Typical torquespeed characteristic.
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3. Shaded-pole motors
The auxiliary winding consists of one short-circuited copper straps (shading bands)
wound on a portion of the pole and displaced from the center of each pole, as shown in
Figure 5(a). Induced currents in the shading coil cause the flux in the shaded portion
of the pole to lag the flux in the other portion in time. The result is then like a rotating
field moving in the direction from the unshaded to the shaded portion of the pole. A
low starting torque is produced. A typical torque-speed characteristic is shown in
Figure 5(b). Shaded-pole motors have a rather low efficiency.
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3.6 X c
where, ac tan 1
9.6
Vs
120
120
39.56 A
Z m 5.96639.56 5.966
Vs
120
120
ac A
Z ac
9.62 (3.6 X c ) 2 ac
9.62 (3.6 X c ) 2
Now, I a I m 90
ac (39.56) 90
ac 90 39.56 50.44
3.6 X c
ac tan 1
50.44
9.6
3.6 X c
tan(50.44) 1.2105
9.6
3.6 X c 1.2105 9.6 11.6209
1
3.6 11.6209 15.2209
2 fC
1
C
174.24 F
2 (60)(15.2209)
Xc
Dr. Ahsan
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