Overview And Study Of Leadership

Management Essay
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Leadership is not something, it is just a discipline which simply

"added-on" to one's other responsibilities.(70.86)
Going into the definition, Leadership is setting a new path or idea for the project
team that they follow to achieve the goals. (WEB LINK) Simply we can say leader is
the head for that new direction. Leadership includes the capability of directing a path
to the project and alters the project plan when necessary. It motivates the members
to work together to achieve the goals and to overcome any obstacles that makes
project unworkable.
''Management provides persons with a controlling set of tools that improves their
skill to plan, implement, and manage activities to achieve the project objectives''
(Clifford)
Management controls or directs members of the project and resources they had
provided according to principles or values that have already been developed. (WEB
LINK) Efficient management brings about order and consistency of the project by
creating plans, objectives and goals. It monitors the outcome of the project and
compares it with the baseline of the project and maintains a project control over the
project when it is going out of the track.

Role of Leadership and management for project

success:
We can transform the roles of leadership and management into roles of leader and a
manager for project success. In order to make a strong management team for a firm

there should be a efficient manager and he should be a efficient leader with

leadership qualities to lead it.
''Management is about coping with complexity, while leadership is about coping with
change''(Clifford)
Leaders and managers are different. In simple words a manager use people and
equipment to achieve the project while a leader sets the path for the project.
For example, constructing a shopping mall in which a project manager takes a path
of administrating a project plan, but in case of any unexpected problems he have to
overlook the changes in project scope, project objectives and etc. More over
leadership is required to alter all these types of cases.
Some managers are good at managing any project but cannot motivate the team,
alter the project in case of any hurdles. We have some leaders who can motivate team
well and alters the project in case of any hurdles but cannot manage day-to-day work
like a manager. We need a unique person to execute both the roles well.
Strong leaders who are weak at managing a project keep an assistant to monitor the
functioning of project plans, objectives and goals. Weak leaders who are strong at
managing a project keep an assistant to alter the project scope in case of any
uncertainty. However a good manager can have a capability of both managing and
leading a project as well. (Clifford)

Leadership without management

It creates a path or vision that the organisation/people should follow and members of
the firm then have to work hard to achieve the goals.
For example, consider a CEO of any firm; he is the leader of the firm. He just sets a
direction to the managers who are working in his company and doesn't bother too
much about managing the work.

Management without leadership

It controls and manages the members of the project team and monitors the project
whether it is running on the track according to the objectives they established.

For example, consider a referee who manages a football team, but he does not leads
the team because there is no new direction or change that he may set to the players.
He only controls the game as per the rules of the game and monitors whether they
are maintained or not.

Leadership combined with management

It both sets a new direction/path and manages the people/members of the
organization to achieve it.
ROLE OF MANAGER IN PROJECT SUCCESS
Management is about correct usage of existing resources, and people are the most
important sources available to any manger. For any project manager it is very
important to manage things or risks at right time by taking efficient and right
decisions. If it is not managed effectively it may lead to the failure of the project or an
unexpected outcome. If he doesn't manage it successfully a strong leader is always
needed to direct a path and to alter the project when change is required.
A manager must have qualities of a leader, i.e., he must have leadership qualities. He
can be a true manager only if he has all the leader ship qualities .Firms require strong
leadership and strong management for best organizational efficiency. They need a
unique person who can lead and manage a project efficiently.
For Example, Financial times (2011) outlines a case about Nokia and Microsoft form
partnership in order to improve their share in the smart phone market and to survive
in the competition from the competitors like Apple's Iphone and Google's Android
smart phones. Stephen Elop and Steve Ballmer make an agreement that both
companies are clubbing together. These two CEO's managed effectively to face
complex competence from other firms. This is the best example of an efficient
management.(FINANCIAL TIMES)
For any project the project manager must have some of the leadership qualities
which are described as follows:
Should focus on the functional managers, other managers and employers.
Getting the job done on time and budget within requirements provided.
Must strictly follow the project objectives like time, budget and quality.

Managing the project in the way that it must not get away from the base line of the
project

Explaining cost management to all the team (functional manager, employers) of the
project.
Identifying changes in work environment and regularly motivating the team
members.
Explaining them the objectives of the project and explaining them what we are going
to lose if it is not delivered before the promised time.
Rewarding the good performers of the project and providing feedback about their
mistakes to the poor performers.(Prince 2)
ROLE OF LEADER IN PROJECT SUCCESS:
A project manager should not only be capable managing and controlling the project
but also have the ability to motivate, direct team members of the project. He is much
concern for people and task. Inspite of following all these rules sometimes the project
may go into a wrong track that need some change. Hence a leader is must to any
project to direct the path to the project success. (saddler 1999)
For example, Financial times (2010) outlines a case about Stephen Elop replacing
Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo who is the outgoing CEO of NOKIA. Nokia suffered a 40 per
cent slump in second quarter profits. As this Finnish phone maker struggles in facing
the competition from Apple. As Stephen Elop has a well known experience and
abundant knowledge on software technology the directors of NOKIA appointed him
as a new CEO of NOKIA.
As in the case of NOKIA, this giant hard ware manufacturer is transitioning to a
software business to sustain its position in market from competitors like Apple's
iPhone. It needs a unique leader who can manage both software and hardware and so
it appoints new CEO who has abundant grip on the both. Some more examples of
effective leadership are Dell, HP, BP, Microsoft and so on. Leadership is not only just
creating a direction to people for project success but also alters changes in the project
in case of any risks and making the resources, people to achieve the goal leading to a
project success. (FINANCIAL TIMES,2011)

In order to achieve project success every leader have their own style of approach.
Some of the leadership styles are as follows:

Leadership Styles:
Leadership styles may vary from person to person; it depends on the path they
choose to solve the issues. Leadership styles are classified into four types. (Tunner,
1999). They are described as follows:

Laissez-faire
Democratic
Autocratic
Bureaucratic
Laissez-faire:
In this way of approach leader only takes a titular control on his team members. He
leaves his team members to take the decisions on their own and he only bothers
about the output of their work whether the target is achieved or not. He regularly
motivates his team members to achieve the targets.
In this case the team members should be highly qualified as they can solve the
problems on their own and they should have good experience on the work what they
are doing. They must have a capability of solving the problem on their own.
For example in universities like LJMU students can select their own modules and the
management just guides them to their targets. At the end of the semester they
conduct exams to students to see their progress. In this case students got an
opportunity of selecting their own modules and they have to prove what they
achieved by the end of semester.

Democratic:
In this way of approach leader asks his team members to share their ideas to solve
the problem and he wants all his team members to participate in the work in solving
the problem. He takes all the individual decisions from his team members and makes
a final output according to his choice.

Even though he gives a chance to the team members to share their ideas he still
maintains his control on the group. This type of approach is not good for a leader and
it may lead to loose of his leadership.
For example during the times of wars soldiers can take their own decisions in case of
any emergency. This way of approach is not suitable for these types of cases. In such
cases commander of the operation should take Bureaucratic decisions and instructs
his soldiers to follow his orders.

Autocratic:
According to Tunner 1999, this way of approach deals with the team leaders who are
not much concerned about the team and sets targets to them to achieve in times of
work under pressure. This type of approach works only in case of some emergencies.
Usually the team members are not interested to do the work in these types of
situations.

Every firm uses this type of approach in case of any emergency as it is easy to follow
and can achieve good success. . For example Howell Raines, executive editor of New
York Times 2001-03 widely cited "Hard-charging". He utilizes all the manpower and
resources of the firm in order to get the targets achieved.

Bureaucratic:
In this way of approach leaders get command from the main authorities whom they
work under and they set a goal to the team members and the team have to work hard
to achieve them. Even in case of any situation they should not follow their own idea
and have to achieve their goal as order by the leader. In this case it is a must to follow
the order of the leader and they can maintain their position.

Leadership versus management

Leaders and managers are diverse in nature. A manager's duty is to manage the
group, sets goals, controls the team to follow the established objectives and leads to
success.
A leader sets the path for projects. They had a vital role in case of change
management.

Leadership differs from management in a sense that:

Management controls the work environment and team members where as leadership
provides direction for the project and motivate people to the project success.
Management needs a focus on project aims, objectives, goals, risks, controls and so
on where as leadership focuses on directing a path, motivating, aligning, change etc.
A manager gets authority by the company where as a leader gets his position by a
group of supporters/ followers.
A manager has to follow the rules ordered by his authority where he is working while
a leader can follow his own leadership style.
Management is based more on written communication, while leadership is based
more on verbal communication.