Question 1:

Question 2:

Bryophytes are:
1. the most ancient land plants.
2. All of the options are correct.
3. Plants with a life cycle dominated by the gametophyte.
4. Mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
Which of the following statements about a moss sporophyte is
INCORRECT?
1. The sporophyte is a diploid zygote. x
2. The sporophyte is part of the antheridia. x
3. The capsule of the sporophyte contains sporocytes that undergo
meiosis to produce haploid spores.
4. The sporophyte is partially parasitic.

Question 3:

Dispersal of bryophyte spores is aided by:

1. An explosion of the capsule in response to warmth from the sun.
2. Wind blowing spores after release of spores at night.
3. Changes in peristome shape in response to humidity releasing
spores out of the capsule.
4. Insect pollination.

Question 4:

Ferns:
1. Have a dominant sporophyte.
2. are homosporous.
3. All the options are correct.
4. have a well-developed vascular system (including xylem and
phloem) for water and nutrient sampling within the plant.

Question 5:

The prothallus of a fern is:

1. a heart-shaped gametophyte.
2. a free-living mature sporophyte.
3. a cluster of sporangia.
4. parasitic on the gametophyte.

Question 6:

The sperm of gymnosperms is:

1. Without a flagella.
2. Homosporous.
3. Dispersed by insects.
4. Formed in the larger male cone.
When comparing eudicots and monocots, which of the following
statements is CORRECT?
1. Monocots have one cotyledon while eudicots have three
cotyledons.
2. Monocots have flower parts in fives, while eudicots have flower
parts in fours.
3. Vascular bundles of monocots are closed and scattered through
the stem while vascular bundles of eudicots are open and are
arranged in a ring formation.

Question 7:

4. Monocots have peg roots while eudicots have tap roots.

Question 8:

Question 9:

Question 10:

Which of the following is NOT a unifying feature or characteristic of

angiosperms?
1. Angiosperms have a distinct lifecycle with an extended haploid
phase. X extended diploid stage
2. Angiosperms have a reduction of the gametophyte phase in their
lifecycle.
3. Angiosperms have seeds in a protective structure which are borne
in fruit.
4. Angiosperms have specialised reproductive structures called
flowers.
Which of the following statements about female flower parts is NOT
correct?
1. The female parts of the flower are the ovary, stigma and style.
2. The petals form the corolla which is the outermost part of the
female flower components.
3.The female parts of the flower are also collectively known as the
gynoecium.
4.The female component of flowers is known as the carpel and this is
the inner part of the flower.
Which of the following statements about male flower parts is
CORRECT?
1. The male parts of the flower are collectively known as the
androecium.
2.The anther (or pollen box) forms the fruit after fertilisation.
3.The male parts of the flower are the stamen, anther, filament,
receptacle and sepal.
4.All the options are correct.

Question 11:

Hypogynous flowers have:

1. an inferior ovary with a cup-shaped receptacle. x
2.an inferior ovary with a flat receptacle.
x
3.a superior ovary and flat receptacle.
4. a cup-shaped receptacle that is not fused to the ovary. x epigeous

Question 12:

In angiosperms, the microspore develops into:

1. the embryo sac.
2. the tapetum.
3. the megaspore.
4. the male gametophyte.

Question 13:

Pollen production:
1. takes place in the stigma.
2. stimulates growth of the pollen tube.
3. takes place in the pollen tube which produces the pollen grain wall.
4. takes place in the anther.

Question 14:

The outermost coat of the pollen grain is called the:

1.
2.
3.
4.

tapetum.
pollen coat.
exine.
exospora.

Question 15:

Fertilisation of the egg cell triggers:

1. seed formation.
2. fruit production.
3. endosperm development.
4. embryo germination.

Question 16:

Once the seed is formed, which of the following is NOT true?

1. The seed contains adult leaves folded within the thickened ovule
walls.
2. The stem within the seed has two meristems, root and shoot.
3. The seed dries out and enters a dormant phase ready for dispersal.
4. The seed contains one or two cotyledons on a stem axis.

Question 17:

A fruit is:
1. a non-mature ovary.
2. a dry and succulent organ which attracts herbivores.
3. a group of ovaries which contains ovules.
4. a mature ovary which contains seeds.

Question 18:

Which is the CORRECT statement regarding the two patterns of seed

germination?
1. epigeous, where the cotyledons remain in the soil and hypogeous,
where the cotyledons are carried above the ground
2. hydrogermination, where the seed is stimulated by water and
thermogermination, where the seed is stimulated by warmth
3. geotropism, where the root grows downwards towards the centre
of the Earth and thigmotropism, where the root grows to
avoid gravel and large particles in the soil
4. epigeous, where the cotyledons are carried above the ground
and hypogeous, where the cotyledons remain in the soil

Question 19:

Which of the following is NOT true of a plants breeding system?

1. A breeding system involves a range of genetically controlled
morphological and physiological mechanisms in a plant.
2. Breeding systems regulate the degree of cross- and selffertilisation in a species or population.
3. Breeding systems are important for plant population dynamics
because plants are sessile and most angiosperms are
hermaphrodites.
4. Breeding systems favour hybridisation of species as a form of
out-breeding.

Question 20:

In angiosperms, autogamy is the condition where:

1. genetically different plants interbreed.
2. reproduction is vegetative, no seeds are produced.
3. self-fertilisation or inbreeding occurs.

VERSION 37369388
3.
4. seeds are formed asexually.
Question 21:

Question 22:

Question 23:

Question 24:

BIOSCI 102

Self-incompatibility is:
1. the inability of a plant to set seed when pollinated by its own
pollen. ?????
2. a plants inability to produce pollen.
3. a recognition reaction between the stigma or style and anther that
identifies the male genotype.
4.a plants inability to produce flowers and fruit at the same time.
Plants with separate male and female flowers on the same individual
are called:
1. dioecious.
2. hermaphrodites.
3. gametophytic.
4. monoecious.
Angiosperms provide most major crop species. Which of the following
statements about angiosperm crops is INCORRECT?
1. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the world.
2. Domestication of crops involved selecting and breeding mutants
with desirable characteristics.
3. Agriculture probably began about 10-12 thousand years before
present.
4. Agriculture is dominated by species which originate from the
wettest parts of the world.
The beans on toast families are:
1. Fabaceae and Ginkoaceae.
2. Violaceae and Proteaceae.
3. Asteraceae and Proteaceae. Poaceae
and Fabaceae.

Question 25:

Question 26:

Cleistogamy involves:
1. automatic self-pollination using non-opening flowers.
2. All the options are correct.
2. flowers that are much smaller than normal.
3. species that sometimes produce underground flowers.
In a eudicot stem, ______ is the ground tissue external to the system
of vascular strands and ______ is the ground tissue internal to these
strands.
1. xylem; phloem
2. cortex; pith
3. pith; cortex
4. xylem; cortex

Question 27:

______ are types of tracheary elements.

1. Vessel elements and xylem parenchyma
2. Xylem fibres and tracheids
3. Tracheids and xylem parenchyma
4. Vessel elements and tracheids

Question 28:

Albuminous cells are thought to have the same function as:

1. sieve cells.
2. companion cells.
3. tracheids.
4. vessel elements.

Question 29:

Root hairs are produced in the:

1. region of maturation.
2. region of cell division.
3. quiescent centre.
4. region of elongation.

Question 30:

Substances moving through the root cortex:

1. follow both symplastic and apoplastic pathways.
2. follow an apoplastic pathway only.
3. follow a symplastic pathway only.
4. are unable to travel via cell walls.

Question 31:

Question 32:

In a woody root one metre in diameter, which tissue would NOT be

present?
1. epidermis
2. secondary xylem
3. endodermis
4. secondary phloem
Unlike C3 grasses, C4 grasses have leaves:
1. without Kranz anatomy.
2. with an interveinal distance of more than four cells.
CONTINUED

3. with a mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells in two concentric

circles.
4. with small bundle-sheath cells containing small chloroplasts.
Question 33:

Compared with sun leaves, shade leaves:

1. have a lower ratio of mesophyll surface area to leaf blade surface
area.
2. are thicker. x
3. have more extensive vascular systems.
4. have thicker-walled epidermal cells. x

Question 34:

Question 35:

Question 36:

Question 37:

Most tendrils are modified:

1. stems.
2. roots.
3. leaves.
4. buds.
Which of the following statements about secondary growth is
FALSE?
1. It is responsible for the increase in girth of a plant.
2. Roots do not undergo secondary growth.
3. It can occur simultaneously with primary growth.
4. It results from the activity of the vascular cambium and the cork
cambium.
All the tissues outside the vascular cambium are collectively known
as:
1. pith.
2. periderm.
3. cork.
4. bark.
A friend has discovered a new plant and brings it to you to classify.
The plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system with
growth rings evident in cross section and a layer of bark around the
outside. Which of the following best describes the new plant?
1. herbaceous monocot
2. woody monocot
3. woody eudicot
4. herbaceous eudicot

Question 38:

Unlike the leaves of eudicots and magnoliids, most monocot leaves:

1. have a netted vein pattern.
2. undergo secondary growth.
3. have parallel vein pattern.
4. have veins arranged in branching pattern.

Question 39:

A person working with plants may remove apical dominance by doing

which of the following?

1.
2.
3.
4.

transplanting
deep watering of roots
pruning
fertilising

Question 40:

Which of the following statements about parenchyma cells is FALSE?

1. They can only have secondary cell walls.
2. They are involved in secretion.
3. They can undertake photosynthesis.
4. They are capable of cell division.

Question 41:

A plant with helical phyllotaxy has:

1. one leaf per node, arranged spirally.
2. a decussate leaf arrangement.
3. one leaf per node, arranged in two opposite ranks.
4. three or more leaves per node.

Question 42:

Which of the following is NOT found in leaves?

1. cortex and endodermal cells
2. xylem and phloem cells
3. guard and subsidiary cells
4. pallisade and spongy mesophyll

Question 43:

Question 44:

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up
from the soil?
1. the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem
2. storage roots
3. root hairs
4. taproot
Cells with unevenly thickened primary walls that support still
elongating parts of the plant are?
1. sclerenchyma
2. collenchyma
3. parenchyma
4. tracheids

Question 45:

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about growth in plants?

1. Only stems have secondary growth.
2. Only primary growth is localised at meristems.
3. Some plants lack secondary growth.
4. Only secondary growth produces reproductive structures.

Question 46:

Heartwood is different from sapwood, in that heartwood:

1. is found closer to the vascular cambium. Sapwood is
2. has a lighter colour. Sapwood is lighter
3. is non-conducting.
4. contains living cells. X Dead cells

CONTINUED

Question 47:

Functional phloem:
1. is composed of primary tissue.
2. is part of the inner bark.
3. consists of living and dead sieve elements.
4. functions primarily to store foods.

Question 48:

When you eat broccoli, you are eating:

1. auxiliary buds.
2. stems.
3. blades.
4.unopened flowers.

Question 49:

A source leaf:
1. is the youngest leaf.
2. is in an alternate arrangement on the stem.
3. is the oldest leaf.
4. has a net excess of photosynthates.

Question 50:

What is the most commonly eaten plant cell?

1. epidermis
2. parenchyma
3. sclerenchyma
4. sieve tube element

SECTION B:
PLANT DIVERSITY AND REPRODUCTION
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
(25 marks)
(Recommended time: 30 minutes)
Answer ALL questions.

51.

List TWO features of bryophytes that indicate they are the oldest group of land
plants.
(2 marks)

(i)

_______________________________________________

(ii)

_______________________________________________

52.

List THREE features of monocots that differentiate them from all other
angiosperms.

(i)

_______________________________________________

(ii)

_______________________________________________

(3 marks)

(iii) _______________________________________________

53.

After fertilisation of mosses, a zygote is formed. Is this zygote diploid or haploid?

(1 mark)
__________________________________________

54.

The moss sporophyte has three regions or parts. Name each region.

(i)

_______________________________________________

(ii)

_______________________________________________

(3 marks)

(iii) _______________________________________________
55.

List TWO similarities and ONE difference between bryophytes and ferns.
(3 marks)
Similarity 1________________________________________________________
Similarity 2________________________________________________________

VERSION 37369388

9.

BIOSCI 102

QUESTION/ANSWER SHEET
FIRST NAME: __________________

FAMILY NAME: ________________________

I.D. No.: ________________________

Difference_________________________________________________________

56.

Fill in the missing words to correctly complete the statements below.

Fern spores are produced in the _______________________, through the process
of ____________________ . Spores germinate to produce the gametophyte.
Gametes produced by the gametophyte are male and female. Male gametes are
formed in the ___________________, while female gametes are formed in the
___________________.

57.

(2 marks)

Complete the following table ticking the appropriate structure or tissue that is
found in each of the main plant groups.
(2 marks)
Taxon

Xylem and
phloem

Wood

Seeds

Flowers

Mosses
Ferns
Pines
Oaks
58.

What is

a perfect flower? (1mark)

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
59.

A unique feature of angiosperms is that they show double fertilisation. Fill in the
missing words to correctly complete the statements below.
(5 marks)

(a)

The first

sperm fuses with the _________ _________ to give rise to the

_____________ ______________.
CONTINUED

(b)

The second sperm fuses with the __________________________________ to give rise

to the______________________________________________.

(c)

Which sperm produces the new plant?

__________________________________________

60.

Define simple,aggregate
example
of

and
multiple
each.

fruits.

Provide

an

(3 marks)
Simple ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Aggregate ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Multiple __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

SECTION C:
PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (25 marks) (Recommended time: 30 minutes)
Answer ALL questions.

61.

Answer the following questions (i to iv) on potatoes.

(i)

Which organ of the potato plant is eaten?

(1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________

VERSION 37369388

11.

BIOSCI 102

QUESTION/ANSWER SHEET
FIRST NAME: __________________

FAMILY NAME: ________________________

I.D. No.: ________________________

(ii)

When was the potato introduced into Ireland, and why did it become such a
of the Irish diet?
(1 mark)

staple

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(iii) Why did a dependence on the potato crop lead to a rapid decline in the Irish
population in the mid 19th century?
(2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(iv) What country is the largest producer of potatoes in the world?

(1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
62.

Address the following questions below to describe the sugar triangle.

(5 marks)

(i)

Who introduced sugarcane to the West Indies and when did this occur?
_____________________________________________________________

(ii)

How

many slaves were

their

moved to
the
cane fields and
likelihood of surviving to old age?

what

was

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(iii) What was shipped from England to West Africa and for what purpose?
CONTINUED

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

(iv) What was shipped from the West Indies to England and what purpose?

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

(v)

Where did the second triangle form and in what did this result?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

VERSION 37369388

13.

BIOSCI 102

QUESTION/ANSWER SHEET
FIRST NAME: __________________

FAMILY NAME: ________________________

I.D. No.: ________________________

63.

(a) Describe TWO enzymatic adaptations that have evolved to enhance the
carbon fixation steps of photosynthesis.
(2 marks)

(i)

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

(ii)

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

(b)

Explain why less secondary phloem than secondary xylem accumulates in

stem.
(3 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

the

VERSION 37369388

14.

BIOSCI 102

64.

CONTINUED
(a) State TWO classes of compounds that are transported through the phloem.
(2 marks)

(i)

________________________________________________________

(ii)

________________________________________________________

(b)

State the direction of phloem movement.

(1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________

(c)

State the definition of:

(i)

a source leaf _____________________________________________

________________________________________________________

(ii)

a sink leaf

______________________________________________
________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

VERSION 37369388

15.

BIOSCI 102

QUESTION/ANSWER SHEET
FIRST NAME: __________________

FAMILY NAME: ________________________

I.D. No.: ________________________

CONTINUED
65.

Name the zones or tissues indicated by letters on the diagram of the root.
(5 marks)
(a) ____________________________
e

(b)

____________________________

(c)

____________________________

(d)

____________________________

(e)

____________________________

Vascular cylinder

Epidermis

Root hair
a

Root apical meristem

VERSION 37369388

16.

BIOSCI 102