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WhyWDMisessentialinCRANfronthaulnetworks?
UltrahighCPRIlinkcapacity
March12,2014|BySteveShinandDr.HarrisonJ.Son(tech@netmanias.com)

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Ourquestioninthispostis:WhydoestheCPRIlinkbetweenBBU(atCO)andRRH(atCellSite)inC
RANrequireaultrahighGbpsbandwidth?

Beforeyoureadthispost,weadviseyoutoreadourpreviouspost,"CPRI(1):EmergenceofCRANand
CPRIoverview".

TheCPRIlinkcapacitiesrequiredbetweenBBUandRRHintheCRANarchitectureareasfollows:

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Table1.CPRIdataratesinfunctionofradiotechnologies

IncaseofanetworkwithLTECarrierBWof20MHzand2x2MIMOantennaconfiguration,themaximum
IPthroughputinthecellisonly150Mbps.Sotheoretically,abackhaulnetworkwith150Mbpsshouldbe
abletohandlethetraffic.Inreality,however,aCPRIlinkbetweenBBU(atCO)andRRH(atCellSite)
requiresabandwidthashighas2.4576Gbps.Whysuchahighbandwidthisneeded?

Let'sseehowdatatrafficisdeliveredinastandalonebasestation,whereBBUandRRHarekepttogether,
asseeninFigure(a)below(Pleasenote,inthe2X2MIMOconfigurationillustrationbelow,
onlyone(insteadoftwo)antennaisshownforthesakeofsimplicity).

ViewAll(264)

5G(8) 802.1X(1) AP(1) AP

IntheLTEBasebandPHYlayer,OFDMsymbolwaveforms(IwaveformandQwaveform)aregenerated

controller(1) ARP (3) Akamai(1)

onceallthesignalprocessing,suchaschannelcoding,modulation,IFFT(inverseFFT),arecompleted.

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Throughsamplingthesetwowaveforms,yougetasetofdigitalsampledata(Isample15bitsandQ

Antenna(1) Authentication(2)

sample15bits),whichthenaresenttotheirassociatedDAC(DigitaltoAnalogConverter),and

Backhaul(1) BigData(1) Bridging(2)

convertedintoanalogI/Qsignals.Thereafter,onceRFprocessing(modulation/mixing/power

CRAN(8) CDN(1) CPRI(4)

amplification)isperformed,theradiosignalisfinallyradiatedovertheairthroughtheantenna.

CSI(1) Cache(1) CaptivePortal(1)

(whenLTEcarrierBWis20MHz),andthesamplingbitwidthforIandQsampleswas15bits(LTEcase).

CarrierEthernet(3) CoMP(5)
Contela(1) ControlPlane (4)

Therefore,theresultingI/Qsampledataratewas0.9216Gbps(=30bit/30.72Mhz).

DHCP(5) DataPlane(4) EPS

Bearer(3) FTTH(6)

ThemassiveI/QsamplesgeneratedthiswayaredeliveredtoDACthroughthebuiltininternaldigital

Fronthaul(8) GTP(2) GUTI(1)

DuringthesamplingprocessoftheOFDMsymbolwaveforms,thesamplingfrequencywas30.72MHz

businthebasestationsystem.

Unlikethestandalonebasestation,inCRAN,BBUandRRHarekeptseparatedfromeachother,and
connectedthroughtheCPRIinterface.BecauseradiopartsarelocatedinRRH,basebandI/Qsamples

GiGAtopia(1) GigaInternet(2)
GigabitInternet(2) Google(6)

GoogleGlobalCache(3) HFR

mustbedeliveredtoDACinRRH.AsyoucanseeintheFigure(b)below,I/Qsampledata(0.9216Gbps)

(1) HLS (5) HTTPAdaptive

arecarriedinthepayloadofaCPRIframe.Thesesampledataandthecontrolwordaddedtothemform

Streaming(5) ICIC(1) IMSI(1) IP

aCPRIframe(0.983Gbps=16/15*0.9216Gbps).Then,after8B/10Bencodingprocess,theframeis

Routing(4) Indentifier(1)

forwardedthroughtheCPRIlink(1.2288Gbps=10/8*0.983Gbps)finallytoRRH.

InterferenceCoordination(1) IoT

Nowweknowaseachantennarequires1.2288Gbps,2X2configurationwithtwoantennasrequiresthe

(3)

KT(16) Korea(14)

doubleCPRIlinkcapacityof2.4576Gbps.

L3Switch(4) LGU+(11)

LTE(23) LTEA

Insummary,inastandalonebasestation,I/Qsamplescanbesimplydeliveredthroughthebuiltininternaldigital
bustoDAC.However,inCRAN,I/QsamplesaregeneratedatBBUinCO,andthusmusttravelfartoreachDACat

(13) LTEH(2) LTEU(2) LTE

RRHinacellsite.AndthisrequiresaCPRIlinkwithhigherbandwidth.

Unlicensed(1) MEF(2) MWC2015

(3) Netflix(1) OSPF(1) OTT(3) On

NetCDN(1) ProgressiveDownload(1)

QoS(3) RRA(1) RRH(1) RadioBank

(1) Routing (3) SDF (3) SK

Broadband(2)

SKTelecom

(14) Security(2) SmallCell(1)

Switching(2) TrackingArea(1) VLAN
(1) VideoStreaming(2) WiFi (5)

YouTube(6) eICIC(1) vRAN(1)

LTESubscribersGrowthinKorea

>>viewallstatisticsdiagrams

Let'sassumeanetworkwithLTECarrierBWof20MHz,2x2antennaconfiguration,andthreeRRHs(3
sector)inacellsite.Ifwedomath,eachRRHwillrequiretheCPRIcapacityof2.4576Gbps,andthus
eachcellsitewillneedthecapacityof7.3728Gbps.

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2.4576Gbps/RRH(20MHz,2x2)x3RRHs=7.3728Gbps

Thenanetworkwithtwobandswillrequire:

2.4576Gbps/RRH(20MHz,2x2)x3RRHsx2band=14.7456Gbps

Inthiscase,ifeachRRHusesonefiberlink,eachcellsitewouldneedsixfiberlinks,whichcanbevery
costly.

Asanefforttolowerthefibercost,nowWDMequipmentisinstalledbetweenaCOandcellsite,
assigningdifferentwavelengthstoeachRRH.

RelatedContents
Whyshouldjitterbe
minimizedinCPRIfronthaul?
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NetmaniasInterviewwithHFR
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LTE/LTEACRAN(CloudRAN)
EvolutionofMobileRAN
ArchitectureinLTE/LTEAEra
(CRAN)
CRANClassification(1):
Coveragebased
RequiredCPRIlinkcapacityin
functionofradiotechnologies
CPRI(1):EmergenceofC
RAN/FronthaulandCPRI
overview
NTTDocomosAdvancedC
RANArchitecture
SKTelecom:LTEFronthauland
BackhaulArchitecture

DeliveringcompressedI/Qsamples,anotherpossiblewayofloweringthefibercost,willbeintroducedin
thenextpost.

Readmore:RequiredCPRIlinkcapacityinfunctionofradiotechnologies

Youcandownloadpdffileathttp://www.netmanias.com/en/?m=view&id=oneshot&no=6259

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