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aT (t) =
~r 0 (t)
k~r 0 (t)k
(b)
T~ (t) =
s(t) =
t
a
k~r 0 ( )kd
(c)
~ (t) =
N
aN (t) =
~ (t)
T~ (t) N
(e)
~
B(t)
=
T~ 0 (t)
kT~ 0(t)k
~r 0 (t) ~r 00 (t)
k~r 0 (t)k
(g)
(f )
f
x
f
y
f (u, v) = cos(uv),
where the variables u, v depend on the variables x, y as follows
u = ln(1 + x2 ) ;
v = x2 y.
t0.
[Advice: the ensuing integral is immediate if your derivatives are done properly]
1 j
2
1 k.
2
Compute the divergence of the gradient of the following function of three variables
1
F (x, y, z) = x2 yz y 3 z + z 2
3
Solution to Problem 1
We have
~v (t) = i + t cos(t)j t sin(t)k
=
1 + t2
1 + t2
Solution to Problem 2
f
x
f
y
f u f v
+
=
u x v x
2x3 y
2x
2
2
2
= v sin(uv)
u sin(uv)2xy = sin x y ln(1 + x )
+ 2xy ln(1 + x )
1 + x2
1 + x2
f u f v
=
+
=
u y
v y
= v sin(uv)0 u sin(uv)x2 = sin x2 y ln(1 + x2 ) ln(1 + x2 )x2
=
Solution to Problem 3
The arclength parameter is
s(t) =
v( )d
0
Therefore
~v ( ) = 2 i + cos( )j sin( )k
q
5d =
0
5 2
t
2
To reparametrize the curve we have to express t in terms of s. Solving the above relation for t we have
s
2
t(s) = s
5
We now plug this into the expression for ~r(t)
s
s
s
s
"s
#
#
"s
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
si +
s sin( s) + cos( s) j +
s cos( s) sin( s) k
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Solution to problem 4
We have
~ (x, y, z) = y 2 cos(yz)i + 2xy cos(yz) xy 2 z sin(yz) j xy 3 sin(yz)k
F
At the point (0, 1, ) the gradient is
~ (0, 1, ) = cos()i = i.
F
Since it is already normalized (length one) the direction of max increase at this point is i (the gradient itself). To
compute the directional derivative along ~u = 12 (j + k) we have to compute
~ (0, 1, ) ~u = (i)
D~u F |(0,1,) = F
1
(j + k)
2
=0
Solution to Problem 5
For a plane to be parallel to the xz-plane it is necessary that the normal is -say- j (y-direction). That is the gradient
of the function defining the surface must be parallel to j or equivalently must have zero components in the x and z
direction. The gradient is
~ = (2x 2y)i + (6y 2x)j + 8zk
F
Therefore we have to solve the system
2x 2y = 0
8z = 0
2
x + 3y 2 + 4z 2 2xy = 16
x=y
z=0
4x2 2x2 = 16 x = 8
~ F
~ = x (x F ) + y (y F ) + z (z F ) = 2yz 2yz + 2 = 2.
scalar