(Towler & Sinnot, 2008).

Pg 817XX
Steps

Design criteria
1 Design Basis
- Specify temperatures and flow rates
- Define the heat transfer rate
2 Specification of the physical properties of fluids such as density, viscosity and thermal c
3 Decide on the type of exchanger to be used.
4 Estimate overall coefficient U
5 Calculation of the log mean temperature difference and fouling factor
6 Calculation of the heat exchanger area required
7 Decide on the heat exchanger layout
8 Calculation of the tube-side and shell-side coefficients
9 Calculation of the overall coefficient and comparing with estimated value. Process is rep
10 Calculation of the tube-side and shell-side pressure drops
11 Calculations for optimisation cost-effective units usually has smaller area

ensity, viscosity and thermal conductivity

ouling factor

estimated value. Process is repeated if values differ significantly

has smaller area

11275
Hot

kg/h

11249.5
Streams
Cold (Water)
Tin
144
C, Tb
30
C
Tout
142.5
C, Td
45
C
xF @ 4 bar
0.057
mass
Td
142.5
Flow
99
kt/y
98.40
kg/s
Q
6,349,634
W
From DP1
16,604,000
Fouling factors
5,000
W/m2K
4.26E+03
W/m2K
Physical Properties
F
Wg
rho
4.20882
kg/m3
2.35
kg/m3
Viscosity u
1.49E-03
Pa.s or Ns/m2 1.38E-05
Pa.s
Thermal cond, k
0.002
W/m.K
0.030
W/m.K
Cp
1740
J/kgK
2291
J/kgK
Pr
1163
1.075
Hvap
445416
J/kg
2123000
J/kg
TEMA Type
Serth CH11
aisi 304, k
21.4
W/mK
eg:50
Overall U est
Perry 637
700
1000
Ulrich Table 4
500
U
1100
J/m2K
Trial 1 700
dTLM
Water
dT 5-20
dTH Dew pt
99
S
dTC
112.5
R
Top term
-13.5
13.5
F
Bottom
-0.1
0.1
Actual dTLM
dTLM
105.6
105.6
A
Q=FUAdT
A
56
m2
HEX Type
Layout
S&T
Ulrich 194
U-Tube
cheapest, removal bundle, tube cleaning outside a
Shell
E
smaller
Tube Side Coefficient
Tube material
Steel 304
cp material
515
kL, condensate thermal cond
0.688
W/mC
Inner d
0.019
m min
0.05
m max
Wall thickness
0.0026
tube pitch
0.0625
Inner d
0.0474
m
OD
0.0500
Lt 2.8997671763
m
Nt
129
Loading
0.154
kg/s m
Re,c
3338
Figure 12.43
0.18
[] term
3.739708E-015
B-K method hc
7,978
W/m2C
**hc CR717
3,578
choose higher hc
7,978
Tube bundle
Pass
KL, pitch constant

4
0.18

for 4 pass

0.25

nL
Bundle d, Db

2.29
0.90

2.21
m
shell side

head
Baffle type
baffle spacing
Baffle cut
Clearance
Shell ID
Flow shell
rhoL
Area for cross flow As
Mass velocity, Gs
Equivalent d sq
Re sq
OR hs, w/o miuW triangle

U tube
double segmental
0.919
0.45
0.019
0.919
101
1000
0.1688
597
0.049
33,183
4,228

less Pdrop
45 % cut

m
19 mm
m
Shell Side Coefficient: KBB
kg/s
kg/m3

KBB
Overall U

ho
hof
hi
hif
Material, kw
1/U
U

4,228
4255
7,978
5,000
21.4
8.8E-04
1140.1

dU
Check

3.52
1.00

u_t
Tube L/D
j_f
miu/miuw
dP_t
Check

6.08
61
0.09
1
7779
1.00

u_s
j_f
miu/miuw
dP_s
CW

0.60
0.43
1
33021
185
5827

W/m2K
W/m2K
W/m2K
W/m2K
W/m2K
W/m2K
Compare U: within 30%
%
limit
1
Tube side dP
m/s
Pa

940,000

Shell side dP
m/s
1
Pa
kg/s
kt/y

-30

Pa

31-Dec

k
50
W/mK
cp
4186
J/kg
Tb
144
miu
8.90E-04
Pr
0.07
2.35E-04
m2.K/W
Wf
Mixture g
919.1176
kg/m3
2.26
kg/m3
1.85E-04
Pa.s
1.38E-05
Pa.s
0.688
W/m.K
0.030
W/m.K
4302
J/kgK
2260
J/kgK
1.16
2,027,378
J/kg

F
W
Azeo
Reboiler
Mixture f
967
kg/m3
1.85E-04
Pa.s
0.688
W/m.K
4156
J/kgK
1.12
-

http://www.stainless-structurals.com/wp-cont
600
Towler 799
Ulrich pg 190
(t2-t1)/(T1-t1)
(T1-T2)/(t2-t1)
Perry 11-9, 1s 2t

0.13157895
0.1
0.99
104.6

cleaning outside and inside

Table 3.1 Serth

Table 3.2 Serth
Eg 12.5 c&r

J/kg.K

m
-

condensing h only or need to calc separate tube h?

OD 16,20,25,30,38,50
1.6, 2, 2.6, 3.2 mm pg 645
5
10 Lt/Ds limit
Lt/Ds 3.1560698 Lt 1.83 m, 2.44 m, 3.66 m, 4.88 m, 6.10 m, 7.32 m
0
1 2.899767

for 2 pass

CR Table 12.4

Serth pg 86
baffle spacing, lB=Ds for condensers
Sinnot e.g.
re:figure12.10 Sinnot

miu Wall
(pt-do)/pt: ratio clearance b/ntubes & distance tube centres
Gs*de/miu

30

10

typical

re:12.23 sinnot
Neglect viscosity correction
guide:0.1*absP

0.3

35000

limit
re:12.20 si re: Fig 12.30 Sinnot
Neglect viscosity correction
limit

Another source of pressure drop will be the flow expansion and

exchanger inlet and outlet nozzles. This can be estimated by ad
the inlet and 0.5 for the outlet, based on the nozzle velocities.

BP
100
161.7
97.85

C @1atm

18,918,000
g
Air rho
Mr F
a
b
c
d

9.81
1.2754
0.09609
0.0083221
0.4228
637.87
520200

kg/m3
kg/mol

0.0298

1: in

parate tube h?

.10 m, 7.32 m

Towler

& distance tube centres

be the flow expansion and contraction at the

his can be estimated by adding one velocity head for
d on the nozzle velocities.

Couper Walas
Towler 2013
Silla 2003
McMahon 2014
One HEX
A
fd
fp
g1
g2
fm
fp
Cb
Cost
Unit
C per unit
Total cost

//

600
0.585
1.10
0.82
0.16
1.90
1.00
15271
1
$22,656.65
$22,656.65

sqft
fixed head
dependent on A
steel 304
cs & 304 ss
dependent on P

Figure 12.3 Sinnot

Towler
Couper