Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT
1. What would be the development goals or aspirations of the land less rural
labourers?
i. Landless Laborers wanted more days of work and better wages.
ii. They wanted that local school should provide quality education to their children.
iii. They wanted to become leaders in the village. They do not want any social
discrimination.
2. Prove by giving examples that developmental aspirations are some times
conflicting each other.
i. Industrialists wanted more dams to get more electricity. On the other hand, tribal
people do not want more dams, which submerge their land and disrupt their life.
ii. A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother but the brother
may not like it.
3. State any two concepts of development goals.
i. Different persons can have different developmental goals.
ii. What may be the development for one may not be the development for the other.
4. What are the two types of development goals? ( What are the attributes that we
consider when we look at individual aspirations and goals?)
i. Money or material things: People wanted regular work, better wages, and decent
prices for their crops and thus wanted more income.
ii. Non material things: People wanted equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect
of others.
5. Why do people have different notions of development?
Life situation of people are different- they are born and brought up in different
situations. Their educational and spiritual thoughts will be different. Their
concept of life is different. So their notions of development will be different.
6. Give two examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our
lives.
i. People wanted equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others.
ii. A job with low income but offer regular employment will be more preferred than a
job with high pay with no job security.
iii. People desire friend ship. It plays an important role in their life style.
7. Why is greater income to be considered as one of the important national goal of
development?
i. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income.
ii. More income means more of all things that human beings need. What ever people
like and should have, they will be able to get with greater income.
8. What is per capita income?
i. It is the average income of a citizen. It is calculated by dividing the total income of
the country by the population.
ii. The per capita income of an Indian is Rs. 28000 in 2004.
9. How did World Bank classify countries? What criterion did they use? What are
its limitations?
i. The World Bank classified countries in to High Income countries, Medium Income
countries and Low-Income countries.
ii. Countries with per capita income above Rs. 4, 53,000 is considered high income
countries
iii. Countries with per capita income between Rs. 4, 53,000 and 37 000 is considered
medium income countries.
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
1. What are the different sectors of an economy? Or How are economic activities
classified on the basis of the nature of the activity?
i. Primary Sector: When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources it is
an activity of primary sector. It forms the base for all other products that we
subsequently make. E.g. farming, fishing, forestry, mining, etc.
ii. Secondary Sector: The secondary sector covers activities in which
natural products are changed into other forms through ways of
manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. It is the
next step after primary activity.
Using sugarcane as a raw
material, we make sugar or gur. We convert earth into bricks
and use bricks to make houses and buildings. Since this sector
gradually became associated with the different kinds of
industries that came up, it is also called as industrial sector.
iii. Tertiary Sector: These activities help in the development of the
primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves,
do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the
production process.
Transport, storage, communication,
banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since
these activities generate services rather than goods, the
tertiary sector is also called the service sector.
What is the secondary sector in an economy? Why do we call it industrial sector?
( Write points ii above)
2. Why is agriculture - called a primary activity? (- in
primary sector?)
i. It is the oldest occupation. It forms the base for all other products that
we
subsequently make.
ii. It is dependent mainly on natural factors like land, rain fall, sunshine, and
climate.
3. How is tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few
examples.
i. Tertiary activities, by themselves, do not produce goods but
primary and secondary sectors produce goods.
ii. Tertiary sector is the largest producing sector in India in 2003,
which shares 52% in the G.D.P where as primary and secondary
sectors contribute 22 % and 26 % respectively.
iii. Development of primary and secondary activities leads to the
development of tertiary activities like transport, trade, storage
etc.
iv. Cultivation of wheat is a primary activity and producing bread is
a secondary activity. Transportation, storing and selling bread
are tertiary activities.
4. What precaution should we take when we add the value of goods and services to
calculate the G.D.P?
i. Not every good (or service) that is produced and sold needs to
be counted. It makes sense only to include the final goods and
services.
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
Joint Sector:
When both the Government and individuals enter into agreement to run
enterprises on partnership basis they are referred to as joint sector enterprise.
Reliance Petro Chemicals Limited( RPL), Brihan Mumbai Suburban Electric
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
10.
11.
12.
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
17. In situation with high risks, credit might create further problem to the borrower.
Explain.
i. High rate of interests and undue conditions may find borrowers difficult to repay
the loan taken and it push them to debt trap.
ii. In an unexpected situation like a natural calamity and a crop failure, a borrower
may find it difficult to repay the loan taken and some times, he will be forced to
sell off a portion of the land or other property to re pay the loan.
18. What is the basic idea behind the SHGs for the poor?
i. To develop saving habit among its members.
ii. To help each other at times of need for credit.
iii. To save them from the money lenders and the debt trap.
iv. To overcome the problem of collateral for loans and to become financially selfreliant.
19. What are the reasons why the banks might not be willing to lend to certain
borrowers?
i. The risk involved in their activities like a crop failure, which may lead to nonrepayment of loans.
ii. Banks might not be willing to lend to certain borrowers who fails to provide
collateral as a security to the loan.
20. In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the functioning of
banks? Why is it necessary?
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
16.
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
i A company, for years, sold milk powder for babies all over the
world as the most scientific product claiming to be better than
mothers milk. It took years of struggle before the company was
forced to accept that it had been making false claims.
ii Similarly, a long battle had to be fought with court cases to
make cigarette-manufacturing companies accept that their
product could cause cancer. Hence, there is a need for rules and
regulations to ensure protection for consumers.
iii It took many years for organizations in India, and around the
world, to create awareness amongst people. This has also
shifted the responsibility of ensuring quality of goods and
services on the sellers.
iv Because of all these efforts, the movement succeeded in
bringing pressure on business firms as well as government to
correct business conduct, which may be unfair, and against the
interests of consumers at large. A major step taken in 1986 by
the Indian government was the enactment of the Consumer
Protection Act 1986, popularly known as COPRA.
v. There are today more than 700 consumer groups in the country.
( any two points)
Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two
examples.
(A few points from Answer 2 and 3)
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967
GAUTAM NARANG
9999424303, 9899728967