Digital Design

Lecture 6

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC ANALYSIS

Dr. PO Kimtho
Department of Computer Sciences
Norton University (NU)

Topic Outlines
Basic Combinational Logic Circuits
Implementing Combinational Logic
Implement Logic Circuit from Boolean Expression
Implement Logic Circuit from Truth Table

The Universal Property of NAND and NOR Gates

NAND Gate as a Universal Logic Element
NOR Gate as a Universal Logic Element

Combinational Logic Using NAND and NOR Gates

Logic Circuits Operations with Pulse Waveform Inputs

Basic Combinational Logic Ccts

DEFINITION OF COMBINATIONAL LOGIC

Combination of basic gates to form circuits that

can carry out a desired application.
In combinational logic, the output level is at all
times dependent on the combination of input
levels

Combinational logic circuits contain no memory

(no ability to store information)

Basic Combinational Logic Ccts

AND-OR LOGIC
Represents SOP implementation AND gate for product term,
OR gate for summing the product terms

Basic Combinational Logic Ccts

AND-OR-INVERT LOGIC
Represents POS implementation AND gate for product term,
OR gate for summing the product terms, NOT gate to
complement the AND-OR circuit.

Basic Combinational Logic Ccts

XOR LOGIC
Combination of 2 AND gates, 1 OR gate, & 2 NOT gates.
Considered a type of logic with own unique symbol ( ).

AB AB A B

Basic Combinational Logic Ccts

XNOR LOGIC
The complement of XOR logic.

AB AB ( A B)(A B ) AB AB A B

Implementing Combinational Logic

Implement logic circuit from Boolean Expression

Example: Logic circuit for X = AB + CDE

Implementing Combinational Logic

Implement logic circuit from Boolean Expression
Example: Logic circuit for X = AB(CD + EF)

It is usually best to reduce a circuit to SOP form to reduce the

overall propagation delay time.

Implementing Combinational Logic

Implement logic circuit from Truth-table
First, write the SOP expression from the Truth Table. Then, implement
the logic circuit.
INPUT

OUTPUT

QUESTION:
What is the SOP
expression?

Universal Property - NAND & NOR

NAND GATE AS A UNIVERSAL LOGIC ELEMENT
NAND gate is a universal gate because it can be used to
produce the NOT, AND, OR and NOR functions.

Universal Property - NAND & NOR

NAND GATE AS A UNIVERSAL LOGIC ELEMENT (Cont.)

Universal Property - NAND & NOR

NOR GATE AS A UNIVERSAL LOGIC ELEMENT
NOR gate is also a universal gate because it can be used to
produce the NOT, AND, OR and NAND functions.

Universal Property - NAND & NOR

NOR GATE AS A UNIVERSAL LOGIC ELEMENT (Cont.)

Combinational Logic - NAND & NOR

NAND LOGIC
NAND Gate can function as either a NAND or a negative-OR
because by DeMorgans Theorem:

AB = A + B
NAND

Negative-OR

The NAND symbol and the negative-OR symbol are called dualsymbol.

Combinational Logic - NAND & NOR

NOR LOGIC
NOR Gate can function as either a NOR or a negative-AND
because by DeMorgans Theorem:
A+ B = A B
NOR

Negative-AND

The NOR symbol and the negative-AND symbol are called dualsymbol.

Combinational Logic - NAND & NOR

Example:

Using appropriate dual symbols, redraw the logic diagram and

develop the output expression for the following circuit:

Combinational Logic - NAND & NOR

Pulse Waveform Inputs Operation

The output of a logic circuit at any given time depends on the
input at that particular time.

Example:

Determine the final output waveform X for the circuit in figure

below, with input waveforms A,B and C as shown.