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Sizing Domestic Hot-Water Heaters

Domestic Hot-Water sizing formulas - heating capacity, recovery rate and power supply
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A domestic Hot-Water System supplies the taps in a house or a building with hot water.

Output Heating Capacity

Output heating capacity of a domestic hot-water system can be expressed as
hout = q dt cp (1)
where
hout = heating capacity, output (Btu/h)
q = flow rate (gph)
= 8.34 - density of water (lbs/gal)
dt = temperature rise (oF)
cp = 1.0 - specific heat capacity of water (Btu/lboF)

Input Heating Capacity

Input heating capacity of a domestic hot-water system can be expressed as
hin = q dt cp / (2)
where
hin = heating capacity, input (Btu/h)
= efficiency

Recovery Rate
Recovery rate in an electrical heater in a domestic hot water system can be expressed as
RR = hin / dt
= P (3413 Btu/kW) / dt (3)
where
RR = recovery rate (gal/h)
P = electrical power supplied by heater (kW)

Temperature Rise
Temperature rise in an electrical heater in a domestic hot-water system can be expressed as
dt = hin / q
= P (3413 Btu/kW) / q (4)

Electrical Power Supply

Electrical power supply to a domestic hot-water systems can be expressed as
P = q dt cp / (3413 Btu/kW) (5)
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Related Topics
Water Systems - Hot and cold water systems - design properties, capacities, sizing and more

Related Documents
Design of Domestic Water Supply Systems - An introduction to general design of Domestic Water-supply Systems with pressurized and
gravity tanks
Hot Water Consumption per Occupant - Consumption of hot water per person or occupant
Hot Water Flow Rates to Fixtures - Hot water consumption of some common equipment as basins, sinks, baths and showers
Hot-Water Storage Tank Dimensions with Capacities - Dimensions and capacities of hot-water storage tanks
Water Usage and Activity - Average water usage per activity

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