Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Course Assistants
Zuzanna Kyszejko
zuzanna.klyszejko@nyu.edu
Recitation sections*
2
3
Serra Favila
serra.favila@nyu.edu
Recitation sections*
3
4
Classics
(BA, Columbia)
Cognition &
Perception
(PhD, MIT)
Course acknowledgements:
Brian Wandell (Stanford)
David Heeger (NYU)
Michael Landy (NYU)
Marisa Carrasco (NYU)
Larry Maloney (NYU)
Kalanit Grill-Spector
John Locke
and Perception
Let us suppose the mind to be, as we
say, a white paper void of all
characters, without any ideas: - How
comes it to be furnished? Whence
comes it by that vast store which the
busy and boundless fancy of man has
painted on it with an almost endless
variety?
Whence has it all the materials of
reason and knowledge?
To this I answer, in one word.
EXPERIENCE. In that all our knowledge
is founded; and from that it ultimately
derives itself (Locke, 1690).
John Locke
and Perception
The reason many of you have
heard of the tabula rasa
argument is because it underlies
that phrase that is so familiar to
Americans:
``we hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men people are
created equal.''
Perception
Objectivist view
Our senses precisely, and accurately, reflect the physical world.
They provide us with a true, complete, and accurate representation.
Human Abilities
Detect a candle, 30 miles away, on a dark, clear
night
Detect the tick of a watch, in a silent room, at 20
feet - cochlear displacement equal to the width of
a hydrogen atom
Taste one teaspoon of sugar even when it is
mixed into two gallons of water
Smell a drop of perfume diffused into the space of
a three bedroom apartment.
Galanter, 1962
Perception
Objectivist view
Our senses precisely, and accurately, reflect the physical world.
They provide us with a true, complete, and accurate representation.
Wertheimer
Kohler
Wallach
Ames
Link: http://www.richardgregory.org/experiments/
Richard Gregory
Apparent Motion
When you view one frame, and then the other, in alternation, you have
the perception of motion through the intervening space. (Why might
you interpret it this way?) The Gestalt psychologists took this as
evidence that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, since
each frame by itself is static.
Apparent Motion
When you view one frame, and then the other, in alternation, you have
the perception of motion through the intervening space. (Why might
you interpret it this way?) The Gestalt psychologists took this as
evidence that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, since
each frame by itself is static.
Grouping
Vase for the
Queen's Jubilee
Gift
Illusory volumes
Peter Tse
Illusory curves
Interpretation
The essence of Perception
Interpretation
The essence of Perception
Interpretatio
n depends
on context
Interpretatio
n depends
on context
Interpretatio
n depends
on context
Fraser's
Spiral
Gestalt
interpretation:
'The whole is
greater than the
sum of its parts'
Size Constancy
E.G. Boring
Size Constancy
Beuchet Chair
Roger Shepard
Yoon, Witthoft, Winawer, Frank, Everett, Gibson, Markman, Cog Sci Proceedings, 2011
Yoon, Witthoft, Winawer, Frank, Everett, Gibson, Markman, Cog Sci Proceedings, 2011
Yoon, Witthoft, Winawer, Frank, Everett, Gibson, Markman, Cog Sci Proceedings, 2011
Gestalt Principles
In this view, our perceptions may be likened to
the output of a piano: these perceptions are
evoked by the world, much as the piano
melody is evoked by the pianist.
A piano can only emit its own notes it can't
sound like a clarinet. Similarly perceptions are
evoked by the world, but they generate
experiences limited by the neural structures of
our brain.
Our percepts are evoked by nature; but they
are personal and not a copy of nature.
Helmholtz Shepard
Our senses precisely, and accurately, reflect the physical
world. They provide us with a true, complete, and accurate
representation.
Subjectivist view
There is no inherent organization to the world, but rather, our
brain organizes our perceptions, and we therefore believe
the world is, itself, organized.
Synthetic view
Our Approach to
Understanding
Neurological Interventions
(Fine, Brewer, Wade, MacLeod, Wandell, Nature Neuroscience,
2002)
Corneal
epithelium
cells
Limbal
epithelial
stem cells
Syllabus Overview
Measuring perception
Chapter 1, Appendix
Visual perception
Chapters 2-10
Audition and speech
Chapters 11-13
Touch
Chapter 14
Smell and taste
Chapter 15
Syllabus
DATE
2Sep Introduction
7Sep NOCLASS(LaborDay)
9Sep
14Sep
16Sep
21Sep
TOPIC
READING
Psychophysics
Signaldetection
Opticsandtheeye
Retina,transduction,light/darkadaptation
Chap.1andAppendix
Chap.1andAppendix
Chap.2(2126)
Chap.2(2635)
Chap.2(3544);Chap.3(53
23Sep ElectricalsignalsandRetinalganglioncells
62)
28Sep Receptivefieldsandsensorycodes
Chap.3(62end)
30Sep Corticalvisualpathwaysandfunctionalspecialization1 Chap.4(7783)
5Oct Corticalvisualpathwaysandfunctionalspecialization2 Chap.4(8392)
7Oct REVIEW1
*13Oct EXAM1(*TuesdaywithMondayschedule)
14Oct Recognitionandperceptualorganization
19Oct NOCLASSSocietyForNeuroscience
21Oct
26Oct
28Oct
2Nov
4Nov
9Nov
Attentionandvisualawareness
Motion
Brightness
Color
Depth,sizeandshape
REVIEW2
11Nov EXAM2
16Nov Soundandtheear
18Nov Pitch
RECITATION
Chap.1
1.Psychophysics&SDT
2.Optics&Retina
3.Receptivefields
4.Corticalpathways
CHAPTERS14,Appendix
Chap.5
5.Attention
Chap.6
Chap.8
Chap.9(217220)
Chap.9
Chap.10
6.Motion
7.Color&Brightness
8.Depth,Size,Shape
CHAPTERS56,810
Chap.11
9.Sound,Pitch,Loudness
23Nov Loudness
25Nov NOCLASSTHANKSGIVING
30Nov
2Dec
7Dec
9Dec
14Dec
Auditorypathwaysandlocalization
Speechperception
Touch
Smell&Taste
REVIEW3
21Dec EXAM3,2pm3:15(seeNYUfinalexamschedule)
Chap.12
Chap.13
Chap.14
Chap.15
CHAPTERS1115
10.LocalizationandSpeech
11.Touch,Taste,Smell
Web page:
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https://newclasses.nyu.edu
Please check the web page regularly
Syllabus & schedule
Announcements
Practice exams
Study questions
Recitation sections
Recitation sections meet once per week (most
weeks see syllabus)
You must register for one!
Bring clickers!
Topics are on the syllabus
Study questions are due Mondays at noon
during weeks with recitations
Complete on NYU Classes
Study questions will be posted no later than
Wednesdays (for the following Monday)
Exams
End