EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The purpose of this study is to find the international tourists perceptions towards
Lesothos tourist attractions. Previous studies have found that tourism has the potential
to become the major contributor into a countrys GDP. Lesotho has many tourist
attractions which are not exploited resulting in the industrys contribution to the GDP
being less than it could be.

The study was conducted using the quantitative research design. The population was all
international tourists coming to Lesotho. The sample of 25 respondents was selected
using the convenience sampling. The questionnaire was used to collect data and it was
analysed using the SPSS 16.

Although there are many factors that influence tourists to visit a destination, only twelve
factors were selected for this study. It was found that almost all factors that were
selected influenced the tourist to visit Lesotho except for three factors.

The implication of these findings is that, in order to attract more tourists, more emphasis
should be put on those factors that seem to attract tourist to Lesotho.

CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the most important inputs into the countrys GNP and it is considered
to be the worlds largest trade. The World travel and Tourism Council Report (1995:7-8)
indicated that tourism generates more than US$3 trillion to governments in direct and
indirect taxes or 11 percent of the total tax payments. According to Tsiotsou and Ratten
(2010), as the global population ages and travelling becomes cheaper and quicker,
tourism will continue to be a cornerstone of the global economy. Lockorish and Jemkins
(1997:33) and Chadwick (1994:65), defined tourism as basically the movement of
people away from their place of permanent residence for a temporary stay in a different
location either for leisure or business and it is either domestic or international travel.
In tourism industry, destination image plays a major role when tourists decide where to
go. Image is perhaps the prime importance to underpin the marketing effort (Lockorish
& Jemkins 1997:173). Alcaniz, Sanchez & Blas (2009) found that destination image
positively influenced tourism behavioural intentions towards a resort vacation. The
image of the destination is an important factor in determining the destinations popularity
with visitors (Hsu, Wofle & Kang 2004). According to Hunt (1975) destination image is
defined as an individuals overall perception or total set of impressions of a place while
(Kotler et al 1993) defined it as a mental portrayal of a destination. Destination image is
composed of various attributes that can be divided into controllable attributes
(destination product, price, place and promotion) and uncontrollable ones (personal
characteristics). A destination has to create an image which is attractive, realistic and
attempts to differentiate it from other destinations. Image reflects the status of and
identity of a destination (Lockorish & Jenkins 1997:173). Image and expectations of
travel experiences are closely linked in a prospective customers minds and the ultimate
objective of a destination marketing is to; sustain, alter, or develop images in order to
influence buyers (tourists) expectations (Middleton & Clarke 2001:127). There are many
factors that influence people to travel to different places which still need to be studied

further, and this study will only focus on the destination image. According to Kotler and
Keller (2006:321), image is the way the public perceives the company and its products.
Lesotho is a beautiful and challenging destination with variety of tourist attractions and a
very interesting history and it was founded by King Moshoeshoe I. Its remote and
rugged countryside is spectacular in all its appearances and gives the visitor that primal
thrill of discovering the unknown and the scenic beauty is overwhelming. According to
Ministry of Trade, Industry, Cooperatives and Marketing (MTICM) (2008:64) Lesotho
has tourism products focusing on the countrys rich heritage in paleontology (dinosaur
footprints) and archaeology (San paintings). These pictures drawn on the rocks have
important information for the historian, depicting tradition, hunting methods and
techniques and a way of living that is long forgotten.

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

According to Euromonitor International (2010), Lesotho has inherent physical and
cultural qualities that make it suitable for tourism development. However, according to
(Musi: 2010) Lesotho has experienced limited growth in tourist arrivals in recent years.
Teye (1991:288) adds that the primary vacation or leisure tourism sector is
underdeveloped in most Southern African countries. (Musi: 2010) noted that Lesotho
has not been able to benefit from the general global tourism growth.
According to statistics, tourism in Lesotho is still a small industry that directly contributes
marginally to Lesothos GDP. (See table 1.1). The table compares tourism industry with
the contribution of textiles, clothing, footwear and leather industry. The tourism
industrys contribution to Lesothos GDP from year 2000 to year 2012 ranges from as
little as 1.1% to 1.4% while Textiles, clothing, footwear and leather industrys
contribution ranges from 7.9% to 15.5%. This shows that although Mitchell and Faal
(2008:5) say that tourism has a potential of becoming a large sector in many poor
countries, it is not performing in that way in Lesotho.

Table 1.1: A Comparison of Tourism Industry in Lesotho and its Comparison

Industries
YEARS

TOURISM AS % OF GDP

Textiles, clothing, footwear

and leather AS % OF GDP
9.1
13.6
15.5
14.9
14.9
13.9
14.4
12.5
11.6
8.9
8.4
7.9

2000-2001
1.2
2001-2002
1.2
2002-2003
1.3
2003-2004
1.3
2004-2005
1.4
2005-2006
1.3
2006-2007
1.3
2007-2008
1.3
2008-2009
1.2
2009-2010
1.2
2010-2011
1.2
2011-2012
1.1
Source: Budget Speech 2011-2012

Table 1.12 below shows that between 2000 and 2004, international arrivals only
increased by approximately 0.7% which is a small increment for a country with expected
high potential of attracting many tourists. Compared to other countries, Lesothos
tourism industry is growing slowly. For example, Tanzanias international arrivals were
501 000 in 2000 and increased to 583 000 in 2004 which is approximately 16.4%
increase, while in Lesotho international arrivals were 302 000 in 2000 and increased to
304 000 in 2004.

Table 1.12: International Arrivals of Different Countries

Country

International

Internationa

Arrivals 2000 l

% Growth of

Arrivals international

(000s)
2004 (000s) arrivals
Benin
1,068
845
-20.9%
Cambodia
466
1,055
126.4%
Cape Verde
115
157
36.5%
Ethiopia
136
210
54.4%
Gambia
79
90
13.9
Lao PDR
737
895
21.4
Lesotho
302
304
0.7%
Malawi
228
471
106.6%
Mali
86
113
31.4%
Nepal
464
385
-17%
Senegal
400
373
-6.8%
Uganda
193
512
165.3%
Tanzania
501
583
16.4%
Vanuatu
106
99
-6.6%
Source: WTO (2006) Compendium of Tourism Statistics, 2006 Edition
Strategic Development Consultants (2008: 26) claims that foreign arrivals to Lesotho
have not changed significantly and have in fact declined from a total of 329 000
international tourist arrivals in 2003 to only 300 000 international tourist arrivals in 2007.
The tables above therefore indicate that tourism industry is not performing well hence
the study intends to investigate the perceptions of tourists towards tourist attractions in
Lesotho.

1.2 JUSTIFICATION
It is important to undertake this study as it will give all stakeholders information into
factors that influence that influence international tourists to visit Lesotho. Knowledge
about the perceptions of these tourists will help in designing and developing tourist
destinations so that they become appealing to tourists. The study will also help address
challenges that tourist destinations face

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will review the relevant literature and explore in detail what other
researchers and scholars have written about the tourism demand and development,
perceptions of tourism and challenges that tourism industry faces.
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
According to (Sindiga, 1999), the case for tourism development is somewhat different
from other sectors of the economy because it does not produce goods and its
contribution to development is indirect through generating revenues. Tourism
development involves the creation of an infrastructure of attractions, accommodation
facilities, travel and transport, and communications which allow visitors to go to the
source of an attraction. According to Ministry of Trade, Industry, Cooperatives and
Marketing (MTICM) (2008:65) tourism development is constrained by inadequate
infrastructure, transport and tourism facilities, and confusion in the respective roles of
tourism support institutions. Mitchell and Faal (2008:52) suggest that developing a
portfolio of different tourism products can increase the appeal of a destination to a range
of clientele as well as a potential increase in volume of numbers. Okech (2010:2)
suggest that tourism in most sub-Saharan African countries is hardly an industry since
the tourism infrastructure is weak, tourism organisation is poor, and net revenue is little.
Okech (2010:2) further adds that almost all tourist arrivals consist of African nationals
residing abroad returning to visit friends and relatives, business visitors, and those
visiting expatriate residents.
Minister Ramaili says that the biggest challenge in Lesothos tourism is the diversity of
tourism industry (Kheleli, 2010-2011:8). Furthermore, the Minister adds that there are no
activities and facilities in Lesotho as well as infrastructure. The economic infrastructure

for tourism is very poor in Lesotho which slows down the expansion of tourism in two
different ways. First, the absence of some types of infrastructure such as roads provides
an effective block to tourist development. Second, the absence of other types of
infrastructure does not prevent tourism, but makes achieving and maintaining service
standards more difficult and expensive. These are not favourable conditions in which to
develop a conventional tourist destination. According to Thola quoted by Motsoeli and
Maama (2010:4), most of Lesothos accommodation establishments are not graded
resulting in most of them failing to attract any business during the 2010 FIFA world cup
in South Africa. Okech (2010:5) maintains that, in existing destinations, hoteliers and
tour operators, local government and local communities all need to be empowered to
take control of their destination within the context of the domestic and international
tourism market.
There is a wide range of factors that can influence the demand for tourism. Page
(2007:84) maintains that major element in the decision to select a specific destination is
the image of the place. Often, people will look at options, re-evaluate them and
reconsider specific places based on their knowledge, the images portrayed in the media
and the positions of individual(s) and group members. Page (2007:84) maintains that
the image of a destination elicit tourism demand. Increase in tourism demand may result
in growth of tourism industry. According to Sindiga (1999), tourism is an unstable luxury
export and it is dependent on external demand which in turn is affected by many factors
beyond the control of the planners. Page and Connell (2006:48) identified four factors
influencing tourism demand.

Promotional efforts of the destination:

Health, safety and security issues:

Time and cost considerations:

Seasonal variations:

Tourists are conceived of as individuals that act rather rationally and evaluate options in
the pursuit of maximal benefits (Bargeman & Val de Poel (2006) quoted by Prayag
2009:464). Cooper et al. (1993:20) suggest that no two individuals are alike, and
9

differences in attitudes, perceptions and motivation have an important influence on

travel decisions where attitudes depend on an individuals perception of the world.
Mountinho (1987:16) defined motivation as a state of need, a condition that exerts a
push on the individual towards certain types of action that are seen as likely to bring
satisfaction.
According to Bonn et al (2005) destination Image has direct impact on travel behavior
and plays a crucial role in destination selection process because tourists usually choose
the destination with the most favourable image. Before people go to any destination,
they develop the image and a set of expectations based on previous experience, word
of mouth, press reports, advertising and common beliefs (Chon 1992; Baloglou and
Bringmerg 1997; cited in Buhalis 2000). Image can be a powerful process where
destinations (such as London and Paris) have memorable elements in the landscape
which feature as icons to promote awareness and travel to the destination (e.g. the
Eiffel Tower in Paris), leading to tourist associating positive reasons to travel to well
known icons that are safe and popular (Page (2007:85), furthermore, the image of a
destination is not concerned with the tangible elements, since tourism is a combination
of tangible perception of a place and emotional feelings about locations. Lockorish and
Jenkins (1997:173) argue that the question of image is particularly difficult in many
developing countries where potential visitors have little or no knowledge of the
destination, or have distorted image which needs to be corrected and changed.
According to Gunn (1972), there are three types of images that individuals hold for a
particular destination. These images include organic image, induced image and
complex image which are based on individuals experience with a particular image.
Gunn (1972) defined these images as follows:

An organic image arises from non-tourism information such as geography books,

television reports, or magazine articles;

An induced image can arise from tourism specific information such as a

destination brochure or vacation website, which is a product of a destination
marketing efforts;

10

Complex image can be derived as a result of direct experience of the destination.

Mayo (1973) examined regional images and regional travel behavior and he concluded
that the image of a destination is a critical factor when choosing a destination.
Furthermore, Mayo (1973) adds that it does not matter whether the image portrayed is
true or false, the important thing is the image that exists in the mind of the vacationer.
Phillips and Jang (2008) also studied how destination image was related to tourist
attitude as a determinant of behavioural intentions and confirmed that destination image
substantially explained the tourist attitude towards a destination.
According to MTICM (2008:65), marketing of Lesothos tourism resources is very underdeveloped, and there are very few links between tourism operators in Lesotho and
South Africa. Strategic Development Consultants (2008: 38) adds that Lesotho fails to
take the initiative and does not embark on a significant marketing campaign and fails to
attract the South African adventure leisure market. Destinations have to create images
of their tourism offerings and locality that help to differentiate them from the competition.
The Minister of Tourism, Environment and Culture, Mrs. Mannete Ramaili argue that the
beauty of the country is not enough to attract tourism, thus lack of commitment from all
stakeholders such as the locals, government and private sector have a negative impact
on tourism growth (Kheleli, 2010-2011:8).
All destinations according to Holloway and Taylor (2006:14), require adequate
attractions which build up its image. The more attraction a destination can offer, and the
easier it becomes to market such destination to the tourist. Taylor (2006:14) further adds
that most of the attractions of a destination depend upon its physical features, including
the beauty of the mountains, the fresh air of the seaside resort, and the qualities of a
particular beach, the historical architecture, shopping and entertainment opportunities
and atmosphere of the great city. According to UNECA (2011:1), competitive advantage
of tourism destinations all over the world is no longer natural, but increasingly manmade, that is, it is driven by science, technology, information and innovation. UNECA
(2011:1) adds that it is not simply the stock of natural resources of the sub-region that
will determine its competitiveness in tourism, but rather how these resources are

11

managed and to what extent they are complemented with man-made innovations.
Okech (2010:5) adds that the development of appropriate complementary products will
increase the attractiveness of the destination and increase tourist spending in the local
economy.

12

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
The chapter outlines the ways in which the study is going to be carried out. The chapter
will discuss the research instrument and design, population and sampling techniques
and data collection and analysis.
3.1 Instrument and Design
According to Burns and Bush (2006:234) data collection refers to gathering information
using various types of methods. Collins et al. (2000:168) adds that data can be
collected through measuring, questioning and observation. Prayag (2010) used a mixed
method of inquiry being the quantitative method which used unstructured methods of
data collection and semi-structured methods of data collection for quantification
purposes. Qualitative inquiry involved personal interviews while quantitative inquiry
employed a combination of open and close-ended questioning. Siriphanich (2010)
conducted a survey using questionnaire form to collect primary data from tourists. Lee
and Chartfield (2010) used a web-based survey design using a self administered
questionnaire. This study will be conducted using a mixture of both closed and open
ended questions.
3.2 Population and Sampling
Burns and Bush (2006:330) define population as the entire group under study as
specified by the objectives of the research project and a sample as a subset of the
population that suitably represents that entire group. Siriphanich (2010) identified the
population as the tourists who travelled to Songkhla of Thailand in 2006 and the sample
was based on the simple random sampling as well as the quota sampling to limit the
number of respondents at each location in order to obtain the sample that is

13

representative of the whole population. In Prayags study, population was identified as

international tourists visiting Cape Town and used a systematic random sampling
selecting every 2nd international tourist at different locations. Lee and Chartfield used the
entire 2600 students enrolled in Hotel College undergraduate program in 2006. The
population in this study will be international visitors to Lesotho entering Maseru Bridge.
The sample will be selected using the convenience sampling. According to Burns and
Bush (2006:345), convenience samples are samples drawn at the convenience of the
interviewer, that is, the interviewer uses busy pedestrian locations such as shopping
malls.
3.3 Data Analysis
Collins et al. (2000:234) defines data analysis as the process of using specific
procedures to interpret data collected. Many researchers use statistical tools to analyse
quantitative data. Lee and Chartfield (2010) used Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS) 18 for data analysis. Siriphanich (2010) used statistical techniques to
find out demographic profiles of the respondents and descriptive statistics such as the
mean score and standard variation to understand factors that influence the tourists
decisions. The SPSS 16 will be used to analyse data for this research.

14

CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS
4.0 INTRODUCTION
The chapter presents analysis of the results which will also be interpreted. The first part
will focus on the demographic data and then the second part shows the results of the
tourists perceptions towards Lesothos tourist attractions. Finally, the chapter presents
the cross tabulated results whereby a relationship between demographic data and
perceptions is revealed and interpreted.
4.1. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
TABLE 4.1.1 RESPONDENT'S COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
Frequency
Percent
South Africa

11

44.0

Botswana

16.0

Namibia

4.0

Swaziland

8.0

Poland

4.0

Angola

4.0

England

4.0

Scotland

4.0

Zimbabwe

12.0

Total

25

100.0

The total respondents were 25 people from 9 countries. As shown by table 4.1.1, 11
respondents were from South Africa, 4 were from Botswana, 2 from Swaziland, 3 from
Zimbabwe and Poland, Angola, Namibia, England and Scotland each had 1 respondent.

TABLE 4.1.2 RESPONDENT'S GENDER

Frequency
Percent
Male

15

60.0

Female

10

40.0

Total

25

100.0

Table 4.1.2 shows that the respondents fell into 2 categories made up of 60% male and
40% female.

15

TABLE 4.1.3 RESPONDENT'S AGE

Frequency

Percent

between 18 and 25

24.0

between 25 and 35

14

56.0

above 35

20.0

Total

25

100.0

As shown by table 4.1.3, the respondents age range was divided into 4 categories with
non below the age of 18, ages between 18 and 25 (24%), ages between 25 and 35
(56%) and above age 35 (20%)
TABLE 4.1.4 RESPONDENT'S QUALIFICATION
Frequency
Percent
Secondary

24.0

Tertiary

19

76.0

Total

25

100.0

Table 4.1.4 represents the qualifications which ranged between secondary (24%) and
tertiary (76%).
TABLE 4.1.5 RESPONDENT'S SALARY
Frequency

Percent

up to 5 000 per month

20.0

between 5 000 and 10 000 per month

28.0

between 10 000 and 20 000 per month

10

40.0

above 20 000 per month

12.0

Total

25

100.0

Table 4.1.7 shows that the respondents income was divided into 4 categories being, up
to M5 000 (20%), between M5 000 and M10 000 (28%), between M10 000 and M20
000(40%) and above M20 000 (12%)

16

TABLE 4.1.6 RESPONDENT'S MARITAL STATUS

Frequency
Percent
Single

12

48.0

Married

28.0

Divorced

12.0

Widowed

8.0

Cohabiting

4.0

Total

25

100.0

Table 4.1.6 shows that 48% of the respondents were single, 28% were married, 12%
were divorced 8% were widowed and 4% of the respondents were cohabiting.
TABLE 4.1.7 RESPONDENT'S PURPOSE OF VISITING LESOTHO
Frequency

Percent

Business

32.0

Leisure

14

56.0

School

8.0

Sports

4.0

Total

25

100.0

The respondents came to Lesotho for a variety of reasons. Table 4.1.7 shows that 32%
came for business, 56% came for leisure, 4% came for sporting activities and 8% came
for educational purposes.
TABLE 4.1.8 RESPONDENT'S NUMBER OF VISITS
Number of visits
Frequency
Percent
1

24.0

20.0

24.0

12.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

10

4.0

12

4.0

Total

25

100.0

17

Table 4.1.8 shows the number of times the respondents visited to Lesotho. 24% of the
respondents visited Lesotho for the first time, 20% were visiting for the second time,
24% were visiting for the third time, 12% were visiting for the fourth time and those who
were visiting Lesotho for the fifth time and above represent 20%.
TABLE 4.1.9 RESPONDENT'S PREFERED SEASON FOR VISITS TO LESOTHO
Frequency
Percent
Spring

4.0

Summer

15

60.0

Autumn

4.0

Winter

32.0

Total

25

100.0

Table 4.1.9 shows that 4% of the respondents preferred to come to Lesotho in spring,
60% preferred to come in summer, 4% preferred to come in autumn and 32% preferred
to come in winter.
TABLE 4.1.10 RESPONDENT'S SOURCES OF INFORMATION REGARDING
LESOTHO
Frequency

Percent

Business associates

16.0

Internet

36.0

Friends

32.0

Family

16.0

Total

25

100.0

There are many sources of information about Lesotho but the respondents used only 4
sources. 16% got information from business associates, 36% got information from the
internet, 32% got information from friends and 16% got information from family.
4.2. FACTORS INFLUENCING TOURISTS TO VISIT LESOTHO
Literature guided the research to factors that can be selected for the purpose of this
study. In addition, the instrument was pre-tested and some elements were eliminated as
they seem to be unclear to the respondents. A total of 12 elements were retained.
These factors were ranked using a 1-5 likert-point scale, 1 representing the least
influential factor and 5 representing most influential factor influencing the tourists.

18

Table 4.2.1
FACTORS INFLUENCING TOURIST TO VISIT LESOTHO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Attractive and unique physical features of Lesotho e.g. mountains,

rivers and snow in winter
Ease of access of Lesotho because of good roads and border control
Attractive places of accommodation and places to eat and drink such as
hotels
The culture and heritage of Basotho
The warmth of people of Lesotho
The safety and security in Lesotho
The service delivery standards of the countrys institutions. e.g. Banks,
Cellular network Companies
The unique products found in Lesotho such as seshoeshoe, aloe, etc.
The quality of information on things to do in the destination
The set of activities offered by a tourist attraction (entertainment)
The value for money in Lesotho, i.e. one can be able to get a lot of
things at a reasonable price
The standard of transport services to the destination

Mean
Scores
4.48
2.92
3.68
4.16
4.8
3.36
3.4
3.72
3.76
4.12
3.96
3.8

The mean scores were calculated from the responses for each factor. Using the
average of the likert-point scale of 1-5, it is revealed that almost all factors influence
tourists to visit Lesotho except for Ease of access of Lesotho because of good roads
and border control which has a mean of 2.92 which is below average. In addition, the
safety and security in Lesotho which has a mean score of 3.36 and the service delivery
standards of the countrys institutions, e.g. banks, cellular network companies which has
a mean score of 3.4 is almost equal to the average. It means that eight out of twelve
factors namely attractive and unique physical features of Lesotho e.g. mountains, rivers
and snow in winter, Attractive places of accommodation and places to eat and drink
such as hotels, the culture and heritage of Basotho, the warmth of people of Lesotho,
The unique products found in Lesotho such as seshoeshoe, aloe, etc. the quality of
information on things to do in the destination, the set of activities offered by a tourist
attraction (entertainment), the value for money in Lesotho, i.e. one can be able to get a
lot of things at a reasonable price and the standard of transport services to the
destination are factors that attract and influence tourists to Lesotho.

19

According to MTEC (2008:23) most foreign tourists to Lesotho are South Africans. The
findings reveal that they are inline with the findings of the study carried out by the
Ministry of Trade and Industry as stated in Page 65 of their study that, tourism
development is constrained by inadequate infrastructure, transport and tourism facilities,
and confusion in the respective roles of tourism support institutions and not much
marketing is done to enhance Lesothos tourist attractions.

20

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUTION AND RECOMENDATIONS
5.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will look at the findings of the study and make conclusions from the key
findings of the study. The recommendations will also be made to bridge the gaps found
by the study and also ways to improve the tourist attractions so as to increase tourism
demand in Lesotho.
5.1 LITERATURE
No two individuals are alike and their decision making is influenced by many factors
such as perceptions, attitudes and motivation. Tourists are rational individuals who
evaluate options for maximal benefits. Literature reveals that tourism industry provides
both tangible and intangible product benefits. Tourism development involves the
creation of attractions that may influence tourists to visit Lesotho. A destination image
also plays a major role in tourists decision making process. The literature also shows
that there are no activities and facilities in Lesotho as well as infrastructure such as
roads and the absence of these infrastructures provide a block to tourism development
and difficulty in achieving and maintaining the service standards.
5.2 FINDINGS
The study shows that majority of Lesothos international tourists are from Republic of
South Africa (44%). The study reveals that almost all Lesothos tourist attractions seem
to influence international tourists to Lesotho except for ease of access to Lesotho
because of good roads and border control that had a mean score of 2.92 which is below
average.

21

RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that tourism development be given enhanced priority within national
development planning and policy making (UNECC, 2005:15). ECIAfrica (2006:157)
suggest that to grow the potential of tourism business in Lesotho, there is a need to
encourage linkages between Lesotho and Republic of South Africa tourism
development strategies. This linkage will help position Lesotho as an ideal tourist
destination so as to increase international tourist arrivals to Lesotho.
Development of complementary products will increase the attractiveness of a tourist
destination. In the existing tourist destinations, hoteliers and tour operators, local
government and local communities all need to be empowered to take control of
destination within the context of the domestic and international tourism market. Various
modes of transport need to be improved together with tourism related infrastructure to
facilitate access to tourist destinations and attractions because some areas in the
country are still difficult to reach.

22

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