Cálculo I - Limites, Derivadas e Integrais (Exercicios Resolvidos e Comentados)

CAPA DO LIVRO
CLCULO I: LIMITES, DERIVADAS E INTEGRAIS

Exerccios Resolvidos e Comentados
ISBN-13: 978-84-16036-29-5
N Registro: 201421493
http://www.eumed.net/libros-gratis/2014/1371/index.htm
Editado por la Fundacin Universitaria Andaluza Inca Garcilaso

para eumed.net Derechos de autor protegidos. Solo se permite
la impresin y copia de este texto para uso personal y/o
acadmico.
Mlaga-Espanha
Maro 2014
C512c Chaves, Marcelo Santos

Clculo I: Limites, Derivadas e Integrais (exerccios resolvidos e
comentados).
93p. :il. Color. ; 21x30 cm.
Inclui referncias
ISBN-13: 978-84-16036-29-5
1. Matemtica. 2. Clculo Diferencial e Integral. 3. Exerccios. 4. I.
Ttulo.
CDD 510
A modesta contribuio que aqui

segue transcrita dedico ao infinito
Deus que nos concedeu o dom da
vida e ao meu paizinho e professor
Otvio,
in
memoriam,
pela
intransigncia e perseverana na
moldagem de minha educao e
qualificao acadmica. Que este
livro seja a expresso do profundo
amor que nos une, nesta vida e na
outra.
EPGRAFES
Se eu enxerguei mais longe, foi por

estar de p sobre ombros de
gigantes.
sir Isaac Newton
"Um nome pode permitir que sejas
lembrado, mas apenas as ideias o
tornaram um imortal.
Marcelo Santos Chaves
APRESENTAO
No Brasil as evidencias quanto ao fracasso na disciplina de Clculo Diferencial
e Integral (CDI) so elevadas, causando visveis prejuzos no aproveitamento
de discentes da rea das cincias exatas, ao ponto de conduzi-los a
sucessivas reprovaes ou at mesmo ocasionando o seu jubilamento
(desligamento compulsrio do curso). Essas so as concluses de Bressan
(2009), Rezende (2003), Frota (2001), Baruffi (1999) entre outros. Face a este
cenrio desfavorvel na prxis do ensino superior, um dos grandes desafios na
rea de cincias exatas atualmente , sem sombra de dvidas, encontrar
formas de superar o fracasso no ensino do Clculo. E sob tal motivao que
o presente trabalho se prope a constituir-se em um escopo sistemtico de
tcnicas de resoluo de problemas sobre Limites, Derivadas e Integrais,
ambicionando uma ilustrao didtica e objetiva capaz de transpor o
conhecimento cientificopara um conhecimento capaz de tornar-se efetivamente
ensinvel.
PRESENTATION
In Brazil the evidence about the failure in the discipline of Differential and
Integral Calculus (CDI) are generally high, causing visible damage in the
exploitation of students in the area of exact sciences, to the point of leading
them to successive failures or even causing the your jubilamento (off course).
These are the findings of Bressan (2009), Rezende (2003), Frota (2001), Baruffi
(1999) among others. Against this unfavorable scenario in the praxis of higher
education a major challenge in the field of exact sciences is currently without a
doubt, find ways to overcome failure in the teaching of calculus. And under such
motivation is that this paper proposes to form themselves into a systematic
scope of technical troubleshooting on Limits, Derivatives and Integrals, coveting
a didactic illustration and objectively able to translate scientific knowledge into a
knowledge capable of making be effectively taught.
.
PRESENTACIN
En Brasil, la evidencia sobre el fracaso en la disciplina de Clculo Diferencial e
Integral (CDI) son generalmente altos , causando daos visibles en la
explotacin de los estudiantes en el rea de las ciencias exactas , hasta el
punto de llevarlos a los sucesivos fracasos o incluso causar la Su jubilamento
(por supuesto) . Estas son las conclusiones de Bressan (2009), Rezende
(2003), Frota (2001), Baruffi (1999) entre otros. Frente a este escenario
desfavorable en la praxis de la educacin superior un gran reto en el campo de
las ciencias exactas es actualmente , sin duda , encontrar la manera de superar
el fracaso en la enseanza del clculo . Y bajo esa motivacin es que este
trabajo se propone constituirse en un mbito de aplicacin sistemtica de la
solucin de problemas tcnicos de lmites, derivadas e integrales , codiciar una
ilustracin didctica y objetivamente capaces de traducir el conocimiento
cientfico en un saber capaz de hacer ensear con eficacia.
SUMRIO
Um pouco sobre Histria do Clculo............................................................................... 11

Capitulo I Estudo dos Limites.......................................................................................
12
1. Limites e Continuidades................................................................................................ 13
1.1 Limites Laterais............................................................................................................ 20
1.2 Limites no Infinito e Limites Infinitos......................................................................... 27
1.2.1 Limites no Infinito.......................................................................................................
27
1.2.2 Limites Infinitos.........................................................................................................
32
1.3 Limites Exponenciais................................................................................................... 34

1.4 Limites Trigonomtricos.............................................................................................. 40
Capitulo II Estudo das Derivadas.................................................................................. 49
2. Derivada de uma Funo............................................................................................... 50
2.1 Regras de Derivao.................................................................................................... 50
2.1.1 Derivao pela Regra do Produto................................................................................
50
2.1.2 Derivao pela Regra do Quociente.............................................................................
51
2.1.3 Derivao pela Regra da Potncia...............................................................................
52
2.2 Derivao de Funes Particulares................................................................................... 53

2.2.1 Derivao de Funo Exponencial...............................................................................
53
2.2.2 Derivao de Funo Exponencial de Base e...............................................................
54
2.2.3 Derivao de um Logaritmo Natural.............................................................................
54
2.2.4 Derivao de Funo Logartmica................................................................................
55
2.3 Derivao de Funes Trigonomtricas.................................................................... 55

2.4 Derivao de Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas..................................................... 57
2.5 Derivaes de Ordem Sucessivas.............................................................................. 58
2.6 Derivaes Hbridas..................................................................................................... 58
2.6.1 Envolvendo Regra da Potncia e Quociente................................................................
58
2.6.2 Envolvendo Regra da Potncia e Produto....................................................................
59
2.6.3 Envolvendo Regra do Quociente e Funo Exponencial na base e................................
60
2.6.4 Envolvendo Regra do Produto e Funo Exponencial na base e..................................
60
2.6.5 Envolvendo Logaritmo Natural e Regra do Quociente....................................................
60
2.6.6 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas e Regra do Quociente ......................................
61
2.6.7 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas e Regra do Logaritmo Natural............................
62
2.6.8 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra da Funo Composta............... 62

2.6.9 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra da Funo Potncia................. 63
2.6.10 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra do Logaritmo Natural............. 63
2.6.11 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra da Funo Exponencial......... 63
2.6.12 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra da Funo Composta............. 64
Capitulo III Estudo das Integrais.................................................................................... 65
3.Integrais Indefinidas....................................................................................................... 66
3.1 Regras de Integrao................................................................................................... 66
3.1.1 Pelo Teorema Fundamental do Clculo........................................................................
66
3.1.2 Para uma Funo Exponencial....................................................................................
66
3.1.3 Para uma Funo Exponencial de basee.................................................................................
66
3.1.4 Para Deslocamento de uma Constante........................................................................

3.1.5 Para uma Funo Logaritmo Natural............................................................................
67
67
3.1.6 Para uma Soma e Subtrao.......................................................................................
67
3.1.7 Veja algumas Resolues...........................................................................................
68
3.2 Tcnicas de Integrao................................................................................................ 69

3.2.1 Mtodo da Substituio...............................................................................................
69
3.2.2 Mtodo Integrao por Partes......................................................................................
70
3.2.2.1 Obteno de Formulas de Reduo.......................................................................
71
3.2.3 Aplicaes envolvendo as Tcnicas de Integrao.......................................................
73
Referncias Bibliogrficas................................................................................................ 89
Apndices............................................................................................................................ 90
Apndice A: Tabela de Identidades Trigonomtricas......................................................... 91
Apndice B: Tabela de Derivadas Usuais.......................................................................... 92
Apndice C: Tabela de Integrais......................................................................................... 93
11
UM POUCO SOBRE A HISTORIA DO CALCULO
bastante comum nos depararmos com literaturas que ratificam um
entendimento. O de que sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) e Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz (1646-1716) foram oscriadores do Clculo Diferencial e Integral (CDI).
Mas ser possvel tomar ao p da letra
tal assertiva enquanto verdade? Stewart
(2010), por exemplo, pontifica que as
ideias
fundamentais
por
trs
da
integrao foram examinadas h pelo

menos 2500 anos pelos antigos gregos,
tais como Eudxio e Arquimedes. Alm
disso, assim como Alarcn et. al
sir Isaac Newton
(2005), sabemos que os mtodos para encontrar as tangentes foram criadas,

entre outros, por Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) e Isaac Barrow (1630-1677). Da
mesma forma, concordamos com Almeida (2003) na
constatao de que Barrow, na condio de professor
em Cambridge que exerceu grande influncia sobre
Newton, foi o pioneiro no entendimento quanto
existncia de uma relao inversa entre a derivao e
a integrao. Assim, conclumos que, o que Newton e
Leibniz fizeramno tratou-se de uma criao genuna
Isaac Barrow
na acepo da palavra, e sim utilizaram a relao
descoberta por Barrow, para constiturem o Teorema Fundamental do Clculo,

e assim desenvolver o CDI enquanto disciplina matemtica sistemtica e
ensinvel. Portanto, sob estes termos e ressalvas que atribumos a Newton e
a Leibniz a primazia no desenvolvimento do CDI.

12
CAPTULO I
ESTUDO DOS LIMITES

13
1. LIMITES E CONTINUIDADES
1)
Lim f ( x ) =
x 1
x 1
3
x 1
x+e x
e
2 ) Lim f ( x ) =
e0
Soluo :
Soluo:
Faa u 3 = x
x+e x x+e + x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
e0
e0
e
x+e + x
u3 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u3 1
u3 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u 1
u 1 u 1
(u 1) u 2 + u + 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u 1
u 1
(u 1)
u 1
u 1 3
Lim f (u ) = Lim u 2 + u + 1
u 1
u 1
Lim f (u ) = 1 + 1 + 1
(
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
e0
e0
e0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
e0
e0
u 1
Lim f (u ) = 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
e0
e0
u 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
e0
Lim f ( x ) =
e0
Lim f ( x ) =
e0
Lim f ( x ) =
e0
e0

e x + e x
1
(
(
x+e x
1
x +0 x
2 x
x x
1
1
e x + e x
e
2 x
2 x 2 x
2 x
e0
4x
x
Lim f ( x ) =
e0
2x
Lim f ( x ) =
e x + e x
x+e x
e0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
) ( )
x+e x
14
3) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 1 3
x 1
x 1
x x
4)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
x +1 1
x
Soluo :
Soluo :
Faa x = u 3
Faa u = 3 x + 1 x = u 3 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u3 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u u
u3 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u 1
u 1 u u u
u 1
u 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u 1
u 1
u 0
(u
Lim f (u ) = Lim
)(
1 u + u u
u 1
u2 u u
u 0
u2 u3
u 1) u 2 + u + 1 u + u u
(
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u 1
u 1
u 2 (u 1)
)(
(u
)(
+ u +1 u + u u
u 1
u 1
u2
12 + 1 + 1 1 + 1 1
Lim f (u ) =
u 1
12
3 2
Lim f (u ) =
u 1
1
Lim f (u ) = 6
)(
1
u + u +1
u 0
u 0
1
u 0
1 +1+1
Lim f (u ) = 1
u 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
Lim f (u ) = Lim
Lim f (u ) =
u 1
(u 1)
(u 1) (u 2 + u + 1)
u 0
( )
(u 1) (u + u u )
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u 1
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u 0
u3 1 u + u u
u u u u +u u
u 0
u 1
u3 1
u 1

15
x+3 3
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
5)
x0
x 0
Soluo :
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
(
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
Lim f ( x ) =
x0
Lim f ( x ) =
x0
x0
x+3 3
x+3+ 3
x
x+3+ 3
) ( 3)
x ( x + 3 + 3)
x+3
x +33
x+3 + 3
x
x+3 + 3
1
x+3+ 3
1
0+3 + 3
1
)
)
3+ 3
1
2 3
Lim f ( x ) =
Lim f ( x ) =
x0
x0
43
2 3 2 3
Lim f ( x ) =
x0
6)
5 3x 3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x + 8 x + 2
2 3
3
6

5 3x 3
x +
x + 8 x + 2
5
x 3x 2
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
2
x 8 +
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
1
2
5 3x
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1
8 + 2
x
[5 0 3 (+ ) ]
2
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
(8 + 2 0)
x +
8
Lim f ( x ) =
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
16
7)
5x3 + 2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x + 7 x 3 + 3
Soluo :
5x 3 + 2
x +
x + 7 x 3 + 3
2
x3 5 3
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
3
x3 7 + 3
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
5 2 3
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1
7 + 3 3
x
(5 2 0 )
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
(7 + 3 0 )
5
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
7
8)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2 +1
x +1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 2 1 + 2
x
1
x 1 +
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 2 1 + 2
x
x 1 +
x
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +

1
x 1 + 2
x

Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1
x 1 +
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1+ 0
x +
1+ 0
1
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
1
Lim f ( x ) = 1
Lim f ( x ) =
x +

x2 +1
x +1
1 + 2
x
1 +
x
17
9)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 +1 x2 1
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 +1 x2 1
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
x2 1
x2 +1 x2 1
1
+ x2 1
2
x
2
x +1 x2 +1
1
1
1 + 2 + x 1 2
x
x
2
1
1
1 + 2 + 1 2
x
x
2
x
1
1
1 + 2 + 1 2
x
x
x
1
2
x
1
1
+ 1 2
2
x
x
x2 1+
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x2 +1
x2 +1 + x2 1
1
1
x 2 1 + 2 + x 2 1 2
x
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
) (
x2 +1 + x2 1
1+
20
1+ 0 + 1 0
0
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
1+1
0
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
2
Lim f ( x ) = 0
x +
x +

1
x2
18
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
10)
x +
x +
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
x +
x +
x2 1 x
x2 1 x
( x 1) x x
(
Lim f ( x ) = Lim [( x 1 ) x x ]
(
[( x 1) x] (x )
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
( x 1) x + x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
(x
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
x2
x +
2 2
1 x2 x4
x2 1
x2
+ 1
4
2
4
x x x
x2 1
x2
+ 1
2
x
x2 1
x2
+ 1
1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 1
+1
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
)
1 ) x + x
x2 1 x + x2
x 2 1 2
x
+1
x
1
1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
+
x
1
1
2
x 1 2
x 1 2 + 1
x
x
+1
x
x
1
1
1
Lim f ( x ) =
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
x +
1+1
1
1 0 +1
1 2 +1
x
1
2

19
11)
v v 1
Lim f (v ) = Lim
v +
v + 3v 1
12 ) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2
x2
x 4 16
8 x3
Soluo :
Soluo :
Faa v = x 2
x 4 16
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2
x2 8 x 3
x 4 16 ( 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2
x2 8 x 3
( 1)
x2 x2 1
x +
3x 2 1
x2 x 1
f ( x ) = Lim
x + 3 x 2 1
x3 1
f ( x ) = Lim
x + 3 x 2 1
1
x2 x 2
x
f ( x ) = Lim
x +
1
x2 3 2
x
1
x 2
x
f ( x ) = Lim
x +
1
3 2
x
+0
f ( x) =
30
+
f ( x) =
3
f ( x ) = +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +

(x ) (4 ) ( 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
2 2
x3 8
x 2 + 4 x 2 4 ( 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2
x2
x3 23
x 2 + 4 x 2 2 2 ( 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2
x2
(x 2 ) x 2 + 2 x + 2 2
x2
x2
)(
)(
)
(
)
(x + 4 ) (x + 2 ) (x 2 ) ( 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
(x 2 ) (x + 2 x + 4 )
(x + 4 ) (x + 2 ) ( 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
(x + 2 x + 4 )
(2 + 4 ) (2 + 2 ) ( 1)
Lim f ( x ) =
(2 + 2 2 + 4 )
2
x2
x2
x2
x2
2
x2
8 4 ( 1)
x2
4+4+4
32
Lim f ( x ) =
x2
12
8
Lim f ( x ) =
x2
3
Lim f ( x ) =
20
13 ) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
Soluo :
Faa x = t 6
3
Lim f ( t ) = Lim
t 1
t6 1
t 1
Lim f ( t ) =
t 1
Lim f ( t ) =
t 1
Lim f ( t ) =
t 1
Lim f ( t ) =
t 1
Lim f ( t ) =
t 1
Lim f ( t ) =
t 1
t6 1
t2 1
Lim 3
t 1 t 1
t 2 12
Lim 3
t 1 t 1 3
(t + 1) (t 1)
Lim
t 1 (t 1) t 2 + 1 t + 1 2
t +1
Lim 2
t 1 t + t + 1
1+ 1
2
1 +1+1
2
3
1.1 LIMITES LATERAIS

x 2 4, se x < 1
1) Dado f ( x) = 1, se x = 1 , calcule os limites das funes e esboce o

3 x, se x > 1
grfico.
Soluo:
Lim f ( x) = Lim x 2 4 = 12 4 = 3
x 1
x 1
Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+ 3 x = 3 1 = 2
x 1
x 1
Como : Lim+ f ( x ) Lim f ( x ), Ento Lim f ( x) = No Existe

x 1
x 1
x 1
Agora vamos estabelecer os pontos:

21
x 2 4, se x < 1 (1,3)
f ( x) = 1, se x = 1 (1,1)
3 x, se x > 1 (1, 2)
f ( x) = x 2 4 Parbola
f ( x ) = 3 x reta
x2 4 = 0
3 x = 0
x=3
x2 = 4
x= 4
x = 2
Esbouo do Grfico (Rio x)
2
-2
1
-1
-3
-4

3
x
22
3 x 2, se x > 1
2) Dado f ( x) = 2, se x = 1
, calcule os limites das funes e esboce o
4 x + 1, se x < 1
grfico.
Soluo:
Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+ 3 x 2 = 3 1 2 = 1
x 1
x 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 4 x + 1 = 4 1 + 1 = 5
x 1
x 1
Como : Lim+ f ( x ) Lim f ( x ), Ento Lim f ( x) = No Existe

x 1
x 1
x 1
Vamos estabelecer os pontos:

f ( x) = 3 x 2 reta
3x 2 = 0
2
x=
3
3 x 2, se x > 1 (1, 1)
f ( x) = 2, se x = 1 (1, 2)
4 x + 1, se x < 1 (1, 5)
f ( x ) = 4 x + 1 reta
4x + 1 = 0
1
x=
4
Esbouo do Grfico (Raio x)

y
5
2
1
-1/4
2/3
-2

23
x 2 + 1, se x < 2
3) Dado f ( x) = 2, se x = 2
, calcule os limites das funes e esboce o
9 x 2 , se x > 2
grfico.
Soluo:
Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+ 9 x 2 = 9 2 2 = 5
x2
x 2
Lim f ( x) = Lim x 2 + 1 = 2 2 + 1 = 5
x 2
x2
Como : Lim+ f ( x) = Lim f ( x ), Ento Lim f ( x ) = 5

x2
x 2
x 2
Vamos estabelecer os pontos:

x 2 + 1, se x < 2 (2, 5)
f ( x) = 2, se x = 2 (2, 2)
9 x 2 , se x > 2 (2, 5)
f ( x) = x 2 + 1 Parbola
f ( x) = 9 x 2 Parbola
x2 + 1 = 0
9 x2 = 0
x = 1
x=
x= 9
x = 3
No h razes para funo
Esbouo do Grfico (Raio x)

y
5
2
1

24
x 1, x 3
4) Dado f ( x) =
, calcule os limites abaixo e esboce o grfico.
3 x 7, x > 3
a ) Lim f ( x );
d ) Lim f ( x );
b ) Lim+ f ( x );
e ) Lim+ f ( x );
c ) Lim f ( x );
f ) Lim f ( x ).
x 3
x 3
x 3
x5
x5
x 5
Soluo:
a ) Lim f ( x ) = Lim x 1
x 3
x 3
Lim f ( x ) = 3 1
x 3
Lim f ( x ) = 2
x 3
b ) Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+ 3 x 7
x 3
x 3
Lim+ f ( x ) = 3 3 7
x 3
Lim+ f ( x ) = 2
x 3
c ) Lim f ( x )
x 3
Seja Lim f ( x ) = Lim+ f ( x ), temos : Lim f ( x ) = 2

x 3
x 3
x 3
Nas alternativas a seguir veja que para Lim f ( x) , temos x para valores maiores
x 5
que 3, pois sua tendncia 5, logo, somente a funo 3x 7 satisfaz Lim f ( x) ,

x 5
pois sua restrio definida para x > 3 . Faamos ento:

25
d ) Lim f ( x ) = Lim 3 x 7
x 5
x 5
Lim f ( x ) = 3 5 7
x 5
Lim f ( x ) = 8
x 5
e ) Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+ 3 x 7
x 5
x 5
Lim+ f ( x ) = 3 5 7
x 5
Lim+ f ( x ) = 8
x 5
f ) Lim f ( x )
x 5
Seja Lim f ( x ) = Lim+ f ( x ), temos : Lim f ( x ) = 8

x 5
x 5
x 5
Esbouo do Grfico:
Vamos estabelecer os pontos para x 3 :
x 1, x 3 (3, 2)
f ( x) =
3 x 7, x > 3 (3, 2)
f ( x) = x 1 reta
x 1 = 0
x =1
f ( x) = 3 x 7 reta
3x 7 = 0
3x = 7
x=
Vamos estabelecer os pontos para x 5 :

3 x 7, x > 3 (5, 8), p / Lim f ( x)
x 5
f ( x) =
f ( x)
3 x 7, x > 3 (5, 8), p / Lim
x 5+
Da ilustramos:

7
3
26
-7

27
1.2 LIMITES NO INFINITO E LIMITES INFINITOS
1.2.1 Limites no Infinito
Se n um nmero inteiro positivo, ento:
I ) Lim
x +
II ) Lim
1
=0
xn
1
=0
xn
As expresses
0
, , , 0 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 so todas indeterminaes.
0
Veja algumas resolues:
1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
5 3x 3
8x + 2
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
5x3 + 2
7x3 + 3
Soluo :
5 3x 3
x +
x + 8 x + 2
5
x 3x 2
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
2
x 8 +
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
1
2
5 3x
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1
8 + 2
x
[5 0 3 (+ ) ]
Lim f ( x ) =
2
x +
2)
(8 + 2 0 )
8
Lim f ( x ) =
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
x +

5x 3 + 2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x + 7 x 3 + 3
2
x3 5 3
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
3
x3 7 + 3
x
5 2 3
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1
7 + 3 3
x
(5 2 0 )
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
(7 + 3 0 )
5
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
7
28
3)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 +1
x +1
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2 +1
x +1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 2 1 + 2
x
1
x 1 +
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 2 1 + 2
x
x 1 +
x
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +

1
x 1 + 2
x

Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1
x 1 +
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1+ 0
x +
1+ 0
1
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
1
Lim f ( x ) = 1
Lim f ( x ) =
x +

1 + 2
x
1 +
x
29
4)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 +1 x2 1
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 +1 x2 1
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
x2 1
x2 +1 x2 1
1
+ x2 1
2
x
2
x +1 x2 +1
1
1
1 + 2 + x 1 2
x
x
2
1
1
1 + 2 + 1 2
x
x
2
x
1
1
1 + 2 + 1 2
x
x
x
1
2
x
1
1
+ 1 2
2
x
x
x2 1+
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x2 +1 + x2 1
1
1
x 2 1 + 2 + x 2 1 2
x
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
) (
x2 +1
x2 +1 + x2 1
1+
20
1+ 0 + 1 0
0
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
1+1
0
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
2
Lim f ( x ) = 0
x +
x +

1
x2
30
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
5)
x +
x +
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
x +
x +
x2 1 x
x2 1 x
( x 1) x x
(
Lim f ( x ) = Lim [( x 1 ) x x ]
(
[( x 1) x] (x )
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
( x 1) x + x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +
x +
(x
)
1 ) x + x
x2 1 x + x2
x2
2 2
1 x2 x4
x +
x +
x2 1
x2
+ 1
4
2
4
x x x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 1
2
x
+ 1
2
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 1
x2
+ 1
1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
2
x +
x +
x +
x +
x 1
+1
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
x +
x 1 2
x
+1
x
1
1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
1
1
2
x 1 2
x 1 2 + 1
x
x
+1
x
x
1
1
1
Lim f ( x ) =
Lim f ( x ) =
x +
x +
1+1
1
1 0 +1
1 2 +1
x
1
2

31
v v 1
6) Lim f (v ) = Lim
v +
v + 3v 1
7)
Soluo :
Soluo :
Faa v = x 2
Lim
x +
x 1
3x 1
2
x x 1
f ( x ) = Lim
x + 3 x 2 1
x3 1
f ( x ) = Lim
x + 3 x 2 1
1
x2 x 2
x
f ( x ) = Lim
x +
1
x2 3 2
x
1
x 2
x
f ( x ) = Lim
x +
1
3 2
x
+0
f ( x) =
30
+
f ( x) =
3
f ( x ) = +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
x +

Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim
x +
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x +
x +
x2 + 3
x+2
x2 + 3
f ( x ) = Lim
x + x + 2
3
x x +
x
f ( x ) = Lim
x +
2
x 8 +
x
x x + 3
x
f ( x ) = Lim
x +
1
x 8 + 2
x
++0
f ( x) =
1+ 0
+
f ( x) =
1
f ( x ) = +
32
1.2.2 Limites Infinitos
Se n um nmero inteiro positivo qualquer, ento:
I ) Lim+
x 0
II ) Lim
x 0
1
= +
xn
1 + , se " n" par
=
x n , se " n" mpar
0
As expresses , , , 0 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 so todas indeterminaes.
0
1) Lim f ( x ) = Lim x 3 + x +
x0
x 0
x
2) Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+
Soluo :
Soluo :
x0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x 3 + x +
x0
x 0
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x 3 + Lim

x0
x 0
x0
x + Lim
x0
1
x
Lim f ( x ) = 0 + 0 +
x0
Lim f ( x ) = +
x0
x2
x, se x 0
Condio : x
x, se x < 0
x
Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+ 2
x 0
x 0 x
x
Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+ 2
x 0
x 0 x
1
Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim+
x 0
x 0 x
Lim+ f ( x ) = +
x 0

x 0
33
3) Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x
x2
Soluo :
x
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x2
x
Lim f ( x) = Lim 2
x 0
x 0
x
1
Lim f ( x) = Lim 1
x 0
x 0
x
Como o exponte de x mpar, temos :
Lim f ( x) = ( )
x 0
x 0
x 0
Lim f ( x) = +
x 0
4) Na figura abaixo est esboado o grfico de uma funo y = f (x) . Complete

as igualdades.
-1/2
-1
1
2
a ) Lim f ( x ) =
b ) Lim+ f ( x ) =
e ) Lim f ( x ) = 1
f ) Lim+ f ( x ) = 1
x 1
x 0
x 1
x 0

c ) Lim f ( x ) = +
x 2
g ) Lim f ( x ) =
x +
1
2
d ) Lim+ f ( x ) = 0
x2
h ) Lim f ( x ) =
x
34
1.3 LIMITES EXPONENCIAIS
Relao Fundamental:
x
1
Lim 1 + = e
x
x
Inverso de varivel:
Se x =
1
y
1
Ento Lim (1 + y ) y = e
y 0
Artifcios de auxilio:
Lim
x 0
a x 1
a k x 1
= ln a Lim
= k ln a
x 0
x
x
l
Lim (1 + ky ) y = e k l
y 0
k
Lim 1 +
x
x

l x
= e k l
35
2n + 3
1) Lim f ( x) = Lim
n
n
2n 1
n +1
Soluo :
Faa : n + 1 =
n
1
1
n = 1
y
y
+ 1 = y
2n + 3
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x
x
2n 1
n +1
1
y
2
1
3
Lim f ( y ) = Lim
y
y
1
2 1 1
y
1
y
2
y 2 + 3
Lim f ( y ) = Lim
y
y
2 2 1
y
1
2
y
y + 1
Lim f ( y ) = Lim
y
y
2 3
y
1
y
1
2 + 1
y
Lim f ( y ) = Lim
1
y
y
1
y
2 3
y
1
y
1 y
Lim 2 Lim + 1
y
y
y
Lim f ( y ) =
1
y
1
y
1
Lim 2 y Lim 1
y
y
y
Lim f ( y ) =
y
20 e
1
2 0 1

Lim f ( y ) =

1 e
Lim f ( y ) = e
y
1 ( 1)
36
2 ) Lim f ( x ) = Lim 1 +
Tg x
x
x
2
2
Tg x
Soluo :
2
1
1
Faa :
= y Tg x =
Tg x
y
Tg = 1 y 1
2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 1 +
Tg x
x
x
2
2
Tg x
Lim f ( y ) = Lim (1 + y ) y
y 1
y 1
Lim f ( y ) = (1 + 1)1
y 1
Lim f ( y ) = 2
y 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim (1 + Cos x ) Cos x
3)
3
2
3
2
Soluo :
3
2
1
1
Faa :
= y = Cos x
Cos x y
Cos 3 = 0 y 0
2
1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim (1 + Cos x ) Cos x

x
3
2
3
2
Lim f ( y ) = Lim (1 + y ) y
y 0
y 0
Lim f ( y ) = e
y 0

37
10
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 1 +
x
x
x
4)
Soluo :
10 x 2 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 2
x 2
x2
5)
Soluo :
10
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 1 +
x
x
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x2
x
10
10
Faa : y = x = 10
x
y = 0 y 0
x
10
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 1 +
x
x
x
10 x 2 1
x2
x2
Lim f ( x ) = ln 10
x2
10
Lim f ( y ) = Lim (1 + y ) y
y 0
y 0
Lim f ( y ) = Lim (1 + y ) y
y 0
y 0
Lim f ( y ) = e10
10
y 0
6)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 3
x 3
x+3
5
1
x+3
5
5
4
7 ) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 2
x 2
5 x 25
x2
Soluo :
Soluo :
x 2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 3
x 3
x +3
5
1
x+3
5
5
4
Lim
x 2
x+3
5
1 4 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 3
x 3 5
x+3
5
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 3
5 x 25
x 2
x2
5x 52
f ( x ) = Lim
x 2
x2
5x
5 2 2 1
5
f ( x ) = Lim
x 2
x2
2
5 5 ( x 2 ) 1
f ( x ) = Lim
x 2
x2
5 ( x 2 ) 1
f ( x ) = Lim 5 2 Lim
x 2
x 2
x2
2
f ( x ) = 5 ln 5
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 3
x+3
5
1
4 1
Lim
5 x 3 x + 3
5
1
Lim f ( x ) = ln 4
x 3
5

Lim
x 2
Lim
x 2
Lim
x 2
Lim
x 2
Lim f ( x ) = 25 ln 5
x 2
38
8) Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 1
x 1
x 1
4
3 1
Sen 5 ( x 1)
Soluo :
x 1
1
3
1
3
1
Lim f ( x) = Lim
Lim f ( x) = Lim
Lim f ( x) = Lim 5 x 5
x 1
x 1 Sen 5 ( x 1)
x 1
x 1 Sen 5 x 5
x 1
x 1 Sen 5 x 5
5x 5
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
3
1 3
1
1
1
20 x 1
4
x 1
5 ( x 1)
5 4
4
4
4
Lim f ( x) = Lim
Lim f ( x) = Lim
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
Sen 5 x 5
Sen 5 x 5
Sen 5 x 5
5x 5
5x 5
5x 5
3
x 1
1
3
1
Lim
x 1 20
x 1 x 1
1
4
Lim f ( x) =
Lim f ( x) =
ln 3
x 1
x 1
Sen 5 x 5
20
Lim
x 1
5x 5
Lim

39
9) Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x0
e ax e bx
x
Soluo :
e ax e bx
x 0
x0
x
e ax
e bx bx 1
e
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x0
x
e a x
b 1
e
Lim f ( x) = Lim e bx Lim

x 0
x0
x 0
x
a
e
Lim f ( x) = e b0 ln b
x 0
e
Lim f ( x) = Lim
Lim f ( x) = e 0 ln e a ln e b
x 0
Lim f ( x) = 1 log ee log ee

x 0
Lim f ( x) = a ( b )
x 0
Lim f ( x) = b a
x 0

40
1.4 LIMITES TRIGONOMTRICOS
Relao Fundamental:
Lim
x 0
Sen x
=1
x
1 ) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x 0
Sen 2 x
x
Soluo :
Sen 2 x
x 0
x
Sen 2 x 2
f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x
2
Sen 2 x
f ( x ) = Lim 2
x 0
2x
Sen 2 x
f ( x ) = Lim 2 Lim
x 0
x 0
2x
f ( x ) = 21
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
2)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Soluo :
Sen 3 x
x 0 Sen 4 x
Sen3 x
x
Lim
x 0 Sen 4 x
x
Sen3 x 3
x
3
Lim
x 0 Sen 4 x 4
x
4
Sen 3 x
3
3x
Lim
x 0
Sen 4 x
4
4x
Sen 3 x
Lim 3 Lim
x 0
x0
3x
Sen 4 x
Lim 4 Lim
x0
x0
4x
3 1
4 1
3
4
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) = 2
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0

x 0
Sen 3 x
Sen 4 x
41
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
3)
x0
x0
Tgx
x
Soluo :
Tgx
x0
x
Senx
f ( x ) = Lim Cosx
x0
x
Senx 1
f ( x ) = Lim
x 0 Cosx x
Senx
1
f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x Cosx
1
f ( x) = 1
Cos 0
f ( x) = 1 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
4)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Cos 1
Cos 1 Cos + 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x
x
Cos + 1
2
Cos 12
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x
x (Cos + 1)
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x
Lim
x
Lim
x
Lim
x
Lim
x
Lim
x
Lim
x
Cos 2 1
(Cos + 1)
Sen 2
f ( x ) = Lim
x (Cos + 1)
(Sen ) (Sen )
f ( x ) = Lim 1
x
(Cos + 1)
Sen
Sen
f ( x ) = Lim 1
Cos + 1
Sen 0
f ( x ) = 1 1
Cos 0 + 1
0
f ( x ) = 1
1+1
f ( x ) = 1 0
Lim f ( x ) = 0

Cos 1
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = 1
x 0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
42
Sen 9 x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x
5)
Soluo :
Sen 9 x
x 0
x
Sen 9 x 9
f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x
9
Sen 9 x
f ( x ) = Lim 9
x 0
9x
Sen 9 x
f ( x ) = Lim 9 Lim
x 0
x0
9x
f ( x) = 9 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
6)
x0
x0
Soluo :
Sen 4 x
x 0
3x
Sen 4 x 4
1
f ( x ) = Lim Lim
x 0 3 x 0
4
x
Sen 4 x
1
f ( x ) = Lim Lim 4
x 0 3 x 0
4x
Sen 4 x
1
f ( x ) = Lim Lim 4 Lim
x 0 3 x 0
x0
4x
1
f ( x) = 4 1
3
4
f ( x) =
3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Lim
Lim
x 0
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim f ( x ) = 9
x 0
x 0
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
7)
Sen 10 x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x 0 Sen 7 x
Soluo :
Sen 10 x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x 0 Sen 7 x
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Sen 10 x
x
f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Sen 7 x
x
Sen 10 x 10
x
10
f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Sen 7 x 7
x
7
Sen 10 x
Lim 10 Lim
x0
x0
10 x
f ( x) =
Sen 7 x
Lim 7 Lim
x0
x0
7x
10 1
f ( x) =
7 1
10
f ( x) =
7

Sen 4 x
3x
8)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
Sen ax
Sen bx
Soluo :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
x 0
Sen ax
Sen bx
Sen ax
x
Lim
x 0 Sen bx
x
Sen ax a
x
a
Lim
x 0 Sen bx b
x
b
Sen ax
Lim a Lim
x0
x0
ax
Sen bx
Lim b Lim
x0
x0
bx
a 1
b 1
a
b
43
9)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
Tg ax
x
10)
x + 1
Tg 3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 1
x 1
(x + 1)3
Soluo :
Soluo :
Tg ax
x 0
x 0
x
Sen ax
Cos ax
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x
Sen ax 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x 0 Cos ax
x
Sen ax 1 a
Lim f ( x ) = Lim

x 0
x 0 Cos ax
x a
x +1
Tg 3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 1
x 1
(x + 1)3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Lim f ( x ) = Lim a
x 0
x 0
Sen ax
1
ax
Cos ax
Lim f ( x ) = Lim a Lim

x 0
x 0
x0
Sen ax
1
Lim
x 0 Cos ax
ax
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 1
x 1
1
Cos 0
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Lim f ( x ) = a 1
1
1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
Lim f ( x ) = a
x 0
(x + 1)3
x +1
Tg
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 1
x 1
(x + 1)
x +1
Faa u =
x = 4u 1
4
Se : x 1 u
Lim f ( x ) = a 1
x 0
x + 1
Tg 3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
u
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
u
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
u
Tg u
4u 1 + 1
Tg u
4u
Sen u
Cos u
4u
Sen u 1
Cos u 4u
Sen u
1
Lim
Cos u
4u
Sen 1
u
Cos 4
0 1
Lim f ( x ) =
u
1 4
Lim f ( x ) = 0
Lim f ( x ) =

44
11)
1 Cos x
x
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
Soluo :
1 Cos x
x 0
x0
x
1 (Cos x 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x0
x
Cos x 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 1 Lim
x 0
x0
x0
x
Cos x 1 Cos x + 1
x 0
x0
x0
x
Cos x + 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
Cos 2 x 12
x 0
x0
x 0 x (Cos x + 1)
Cos 2 x 1
x 0
x0
x 0 x (Cos x + 1)
x 0
x0
x0

x 0
x0
x0
Sen 2 x
x (Cos x + 1)
(Sen x ) (Sen x )
x (Cos x + 1)
(Sen x )
1 (Sen x )
Lim
x
0
(Cos x + 1)
x
Sen 0
Lim f ( x ) = 1 ( 1)
x 0
Cos 0 + 1

x 0
x0
x0
0
x 0
1+1
Lim f ( x ) = 1 ( 1) 0
Lim f ( x ) = 1 ( 1)
x 0
Lim f ( x ) = 0
x 0

45
12)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x0
x0
1 Cos x
x2
Soluo :
1 Cos x
x2
1 (Cos x 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x0
x2
Cos x 1
x 0
x0
x0
x2
Cos x 1 Cos x + 1

x 0
x0
x0
Cos x + 1
x2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x 0
x0

x 0
x0
x0
Cos 2 x 12
x 2 (Cos x + 1)
Cos 2 x 1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 1 Lim 2
x 0
x0
x 0 x (Cos x + 1)
x 0
x0
x0
Sen 2 x
x 2 (Cos x + 1)
(Sen x ) (Sen x )
x 0
x0
x 0 x x (Cos x + 1)
(Sen x ) Lim (Sen x ) Lim 1
x 0
x0
x0
x0
x 0 (Cos x + 1)
x
x
Lim f ( x ) = 1 1 1
x 0
1
Cos 0 + 1
1
x 0
1+1
1
Lim f ( x ) = 1
x 0
2
1
Lim f ( x ) =
x 0
2
Lim f ( x ) = 1

46
13) Lim f ( x) = Lim ( x 3) Co sec (x )
14) Lim f ( x) = Lim
Soluo :
Soluo :
x 3
x 3
Lim f ( x) = Lim ( x 3) Co sec (x )

x 3
x 3
Lim f ( x) = Lim ( x 3)
x 3
x 3
1
Sen (x )
( x 3)
x 3
x 3 Sen ( x )
( x 3)
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 3
x 3 Sen (3 x )
( x 3)
( x 3)
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 3
x 3 Sen (3 x )
( x 3)
Lim f ( x) = Lim
1
x 3 Sen (3 x )
( x 3)
1
f ( x) = Lim
x 3 Sen (3 x )
(x 3 )
1
f ( x) = Lim
x 3
Sen (x 3 )
(x 3 )
Lim 1
x 3
f ( x) =
Sen (x 3 )
Lim Lim
x 3
x 3
(x 3 )
1
f ( x) =
1
1
f ( x) =
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 3
Lim
x 3
Lim
x 3
Lim
x 3
Lim
x 3
Lim
x 3

x 0
x 0
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x0
6 x Sen 2 x
2 x + 3Sen 4 x
6 x Sen 2 x
2 x + 3Sen 4 x
2x
2x
f ( x) = Lim
x0
4x
2 x + 3Sen 4 x
4x
Sen 2 x
6x 2x
2x
f ( x) = Lim
x0
Sen 4 x
2x + 3 4x
4x
Sen 2 x
6x 2x
2x
f ( x) = Lim
x0
Sen 4 x
2 x + 12 x
4x
Sen 2 x
x (6 2 )
2x
f ( x) = Lim
x0
Sen 4 x
x (2 + 12 )
4x
Sen 2 x
Lim (6 2 ) Lim
x 0
x 0
2x
f ( x) =
Sen 4 x
Lim (2 + 12 ) Lim
x 0
x 0
4x
6 2 1
f ( x) =
2 + 12 1
4
f ( x) =
14
2
f ( x) =
7
6 x Sen 2 x
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
47

x 0
x 0
Cos 2 x Cos 3 x
x2
Soluo :
Cos 2 x Cos 3 x
x 0
x 0
x2
2 x + 3x
2 x 3x
2 Sen
Sen
2
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x2
5x
x
2 Sen Sen
2
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
5x
x
2 Sen Sen
2
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
5x
x
2 Sen Sen
2
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
5x
x
2 Sen Sen
2
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x
x
5x
x
5x
x
2 Sen Sen
2 Sen Sen
2
2 Lim f ( x) = Lim
2
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x
0
x
0
x
x
2
x
x
2
2
2
5
5x 5
x
5x
x
Sen Sen
Sen
Sen
2 2
2 Lim f ( x) = Lim 2
2
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
5
x
5x
x
x

2
2
2
2
5x
x
Sen
Sen
5
2 Lim
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim Lim
x 0
x 0 2 x 0
x 0
5x
x

2
2
5
Lim f ( x) = 1 1
x 0
2
5
Lim f ( x) =
x 0
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim

1 2Cos x + Cos 2 x
x 0
x 0
x2
Soluo :
1 2Cos x + Cos 2 x
x 0
x 0
x2
1 2Cos x + 1 2 Sen 2 x
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x2
2 2Cos x 2 Sen 2 x
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x2
2 1 Cos x Sen 2 x
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x2
x
2 2 Sen 2 Sen 2 x
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
x
4 Sen 2 2 Sen 2 x
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x2
x
4 Sen 2
2 2 Sen 2 x
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x2
x2
x
4 Sen 2
2
2 2 Sen x
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
xx
x2
x
4 Sen 2
2 Sen 2 x
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
x 0
x2
2
2
x x
2
2
x
x
4 Sen 2
4 Sen 2
2
2
2 2 Sen x Lim f ( x) = Lim
2 2 Sen x
Lim f ( x) = Lim
2
x 0
x 0
x 0
x0
x2
x2
x
x
x
2 2
4
2
2
2
x
Sen 2
Sen 2 x
2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
Lim 2 Lim
2
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
x2
x

2
Lim f ( x) = 1 2
Lim f ( x) = Lim
x 0
Lim f ( x) = 1
x 0

48
49
CAPTULO II
ESTUDO DAS DERIVADAS

50
2. DERIVADA DE UMA FUNO
2.1 REGRAS DE DERIVAO
2.1.1 Derivao pela Regra do Produto
Formula:
h( x ) = g( x ) f ' ( x ) + f ( x ) g' ( x )
1 ) y = (2 x + 1) 3 x 2 + 6
Soluo :
y' = (2 x + 1) 3 x 2 + 6 + (2 x + 1) 3 x 2 + 6
'
'
y' = 2 3 x 2 + 6 + (2 x + 1) 6 x
y' = 6 x 2 + 12 + 12 x 2 + 6 x
y' = 18 x 2 + 6 x + 12
2)
f ( x ) = (1 + 3 x ) (5 2 x )
Soluo :
f ' ( x ) = (1 + 3 x ) (5 2 x )' + (5 2 x ) (1 + 3 x )'
f ' ( x ) = (1 + 3 x ) ( 2 ) + (5 2 x ) 3
f ' ( x ) = 2 6 x + 15 6 x
f ' ( x ) = 12 x + 13
3)
f ( x ) = 1 + 5 x 2 (2 + 3 x )
Soluo :
(
)
(
f ' ( x ) = (1 + 5 x ) 3 + (2 + 3 x ) 10 x
f ' ( x ) = 1 + 5 x 2 (2 + 3 x )' +(2 + 3 x ) 1 + 5 x 2 '

2
f ' ( x ) = 3 + 15 x 2 + 20 x + 30 x 2
f ' ( x ) = 45 x 2 + 20 x + 3

51
2.1.2 Derivao pela Regra do Quociente
Formula:
h( x ) =
g' ( x ) f ( x ) f ' ( x ) g( x )
[ f ( x )]2

2x + 4
3x 1
Soluo :
1)
y=
(2 x + 4 )' (3 x 1) (2 x + 4 ) (3 x 1)'
(3 x 1)2
2 (3 x 1) (2 x + 4 ) 3
y' =
(3 x 1)2
6 x 2 (6 x + 12 )
6 x 2 6 x 12
2 12
y' =
y' =
y' =
2
2
(3 x 1)
(3 x 1)
(3 x 1)2
y' =
2)
f(x) =
y' =
x8
3x 4
Soluo :
(3 x 4 ) (x 8 )' - (x 8 ) (3 x 4 )'
(3 x 4 )2
(3 x 4 ) 1 (x 8 ) 3
f'( x ) =
(3 x 4 )2
f'( x ) =
f'( x ) =
f'( x ) =
3 x 4 3 x + 24
(3 x 4 )2
20
(3 x 4 )2

14
(3 x 1)2
52
3)
f(x)=
4x2 + 5x
( x + 3 )2
Soluo :
'
2
2
(
x + 3) (4 x 2 + 5 x ) - (4 x 2 + 5 x ) [( x + 3) ]
f'( x) =
[(x + 3)2 ]2
(x + 3)2 ( 8 x + 5 ) - (4 x 2 + 5 x ) 2( x + 3) ( x + 3)'
f'( x) =
(x + 3)4
(x + 3)2 ( 8 x + 5 ) - (4 x 2 + 5 x ) (2x + 6) 1
f'( x) =
(x + 3)4
2
(
x + 3) ( 8 x + 5 ) - (4 x 2 + 5 x ) (2x + 6)
f'( x) =
(x + 3)4
'
2.1.3 Derivao pela Regra da Potncia

Formula:
f ' ( x ) = n [u( x )]
n1
[u( x )] '
1 ) y = x2 + 5x + 7
Soluo :
(
) (
)
y' = 7 (x + 5 x + 7 ) (2 x + 5 )
y' = (x + 5 x + 7 ) (14 x + 35 )
6
y' = 7 x 2 + 5 x + 7 x 2 + 5 x + 7
6

'
53
2)
(x
f(x)=
+ 2 x + 14
Soluo :
f ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x + 14
1/ 2
1 / 2
1 2
x + 2 x + 14
x 2 + 2 x + 14
2
1 / 2
1
f ' ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x + 14
(2 x + 2 )
2
1
1
f'( x) =
(2 x + 2 )
2
2 x + 2 x + 14 1 / 2
1
(2 x + 2 )
f'( x) =
2
2 x + 2 x + 14
f'( x) =
f'( x) =
2x + 2
2 x + 2 x + 14
2
2.2 DERIVAO DE FUNES PARTICULARES

2.2.1 Derivao de Funo Exponencial
Formula:
f ' ( a u ) = a u u ' ln a

1 ) y = 32x
Soluo :
+ 3 x +1
'
y' = 3 2 x
+ 3 x +1
2 x 2 + 3 x + 1 ln 3
y' = 3 2 x
+ 3 x +1
(4 x + 3 ).ln 3

'
54
1
2) y =
2
Soluo :
1
y' =
2
[ ]
1
1
x ln y' =
2
2
1
y' =
2
1
y' =
2
1
y' =
2
'
'
1
1
1
( x ) 2 ln y' =
2
1 1
1
1 ln
2 (x ) 2 2
1 1
1

ln
2 x 2
1
2 x
ln
1
2
2.2.2 Derivao de Funo Exponencial de Base e

Formula:
f ' (x) = e x ( x)
'
Exemplo:
f ( x ) = e (x
+x
Soluo :
) (x 2 + x )'
f ' ( x ) = e (x + x ) 2 x
f ' ( x ) = 2 x e (x + x )
f ' ( x ) = e (x
+x
2.2.3 Derivao de um Logaritmo Natural

Formula:
f'u =
Exemplo:

u'
u
1
1
1
( x ) 2 ln
2
2
55
y = ln 3 x 2 7
Soluo :
(3 x
7 '
3x 7
6x
y' = 2
3x 7
y' =
2.2.4 Derivao de Funo Logartmica

Formula:
f ' log au =
u'
u ln a
Exemplo:
y = log 2(3 x
+7 x 1
Soluo :
(3 x
'
+7x 1
y' =
2
3 x + 7 x 1 ln 2
6x +7
y' =
2
3 x + 7 x 1 ln 2
2.3 DERIVAO DE FUNES TRIGONOMTRICAS

Relaes Fundamentais:
1 ) y = Sen x
Soluo :
2 ) y = Cos x
Soluo :
3 ) y = Tg x
Soluo :
4 ) y = Cotg x
Soluo :
y ' = Cos x x'
y ' = Sen x x '
y' = Sec2 x x'
y ' = x' Cos sec 2 x
5 ) y = Sec x
Soluo :
6 ) y = Cos sec x
Soluo :
y ' = x ' Sec x Tg x
y ' = x ' Cos sec x Cotg x

56
1 ) y = Sec
x 1
2 ) y = Cos sec x 2 + 4
Soluo :
y' =
Soluo :
)
'
x 1 Sec
x 1 Tg
x 1
'
'
1
1
Sec x 1 Tg x 1
2 x 1
1
y' =
Sec x 1 Tg x 1
2 x 1
y' =
3 ) y = Cotg x 3 2 x
4 ) y = Cos 3 x 2
Soluo :
(
y' = (3 x
y' = ( 3 x
Soluo :
)
(
2 ) Cos sec (x
+ 2 ) Cos sec (x
'
)
2 x)
2 x)
( )
y' = (3 x ) Sen 3 x
'
y' = x 3 2 x Cos sec 2 x 3 2 x

2
2
y' = 3 x 2 Sen 3 x 2
2 '
y' = 6 x Sen 3 x 2
5 ) y = Tg 3 (3 x + 1)
Soluo :
y' = 3 Tg (3 x + 1)
3 1
Tg (3 x + 1)
'
y' = 3 Tg (3 x + 1) Sec 2 (3 x + 1) (3 x + 1)
2
y' = 3 Tg (3 x + 1) Sec 2 (3 x + 1) 3
2
y' = 9 Tg (3 x + 1) Sec 2 (3 x + 1)
2

y' = 2 x Cos sec x + 4 Cotg x + 4
y' = ( x 1) Sec x 1 Tg x 1
1
1
y' = ( x 1) 2 Sec x 1 Tg x 1
2
1
1
y' =
Sec x 1 Tg x 1
2 ( x 1)12
1
2
y' = x 2 + 4 Cos sec x 2 + 4 Cotg x 2 + 4
'
57
2.4 DERIVAO DE FUNES TRIGONOMTRICAS INVERSAS
Formulas Fundamental:
u'
1)
(arc Sen u )' =
2)
(arc Cos u )' =
5)
(arc Cos sec u )
1 u2
u'
1 u2
u'
'
3) (arc Tg u ) =
1+ u2
u'
'
4) (arc Sec u ) =
u u 2 1
'
u'
u u 2 1
1 ) y = arc Sen x
Soluo :
( x)
1 ( x)
'
y =
'
'
1 1
21
1
1 1
1 2
x
x
2 21

2 x
'
'
'
'
x
2
y =
y =
y =
y =
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1
y' =
1
1
1
2 x
y' =
y' =
1 x
2 x 1 x
2 x 1 x
2 ) y = arc Tg x 2
Soluo :
(x )
y' =
1 + (x )
2 '
2 2
y' =
2x
1 + x4

58
2.5 DERIVAES DE ORDEM SUCESSIVAS
x
2
y=e , n=3
1 ) y = 3x + 8 x , n = 6
Soluo :
2)
y = 15 x + 16 x
x
y = e
2
'
Soluo :
'
y ' ' = 60 x 3 + 16
y ' '' = 180 x 2
'
x
2
x
2
y =e
'
y ' '' ' = 360 x
y ' '' '' = 360
y' =
y ' '' ''' = 0
1 2
e
2
x
1
1
y = e2 x
2
2
'
''
1 1
y = e2
2 2
''
y '' =
y ''' =
1 1 2
1
e y ''' = e 2
4 2
8
2.6 DERIVAES HBRIDAS

2.6.1 Envolvendo Regra da Potncia e Quociente
3x + 2
1) y =
x+1
Soluo :
'
3x + 2 3x + 2
y' = 5

x+1 x+1
3x + 2
y' = 5
x+1
(3 x + 2 )' ( x + 1) (3 x + 2 ) ( x + 1)'

(x + 1)2
3x + 2
y' = 5
x+1
3 ( x + 1) (3 x + 2 ) 1

2
(
)
x
+
1
3x + 2
y' = 5
x+1
3x + 3 3x 2

(x + 1)2
3x + 2
y' = 5
x+1
1

2
( x + 1)

'
1 2
1
1
e y ''' = e 2 x
4
4
2
59
(5 x + 3 x )
f(x)=
(2 x + x )
2)
Soluo :
(2 x
f'( x ) =
(2 x
f'( x ) =
) [(
) ] (5 x + 3 x ) [(2 x + x ) ]
[(2 x + x) ]
+ x ) 4 (5 x + 3 x ) (5 x + 3 x ) (5 x + 3 x ) 3 (2 x + x ) (2 x + x )
[(2 x + x) ]
+ x ) 4 (5 x + 3 x ) (10 x + 3 ) (5 x + 3 x ) 3 (2 x + x ) (4 x + 1)
[(2 x + x) ]
+ x ) (5 x + 3 x ) (40 x + 12 ) (5 x + 3 x ) (2 x + x ) (12 x + 3 )
(2 x + x )
3
+ x 5 x 2 + 3x
'
3 2
'
(2 x
'
3 2
f'( x ) =
3 2
'
(2 x
f'( x ) =
2.6.2 Envolvendo Regra da Potncia e Produto

) (
3
1 ) y = 3x 2 + 1 x x 2
Soluo :
[(
) ] (x x ) + (3 x + 1) [(x x ) ]
y' = 3 (3 x + 1) (3 x + 1) (x x ) + (3 x + 1) 2 (x x ) (x x )
y' = 3 (3 x + 1) 6 x (x x ) + (3 x + 1) 2 (x x ) (1 2 x )
y' = 18 x (3 x + 1) (x x ) + (3 x + 1) (2 x 2 x ) (1 2 x )
3 '
y' = 3 x 2 + 1
2
2)
2 2
'
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 '
2 '
f ( x ) = 5 x 2 + 3 x ( 2 x 2 + x )3
Soluo :
(
f ' ( x ) = (5 x
f ' ( x ) = (5 x
f ' ( x ) = (5 x
)
+ 3x)
+ 3x)
+ 3x)
f ' ( x ) = 5 x 2 + 3 x ( 2 x 2 + x )3 ' + ( 2 x 2 + x )3 5 x 2 + 3 x '

2
2
2
) (
3 ( 2 x 2 + x )2 ( 2 x 2 + x )' + ( 2 x 2 + x )3 4 5 x 2 + 3 x 5 x 2 + 3 x '
3 ( 2 x 2 + x )2 ( 4 x + 1 ) + ( 2 x 2 + x )3 4 5 x 2 + 3 x (10 x + 3 )
( 2 x 2 + x ) 2 ( 12 x + 3 ) + ( 2 x 2 + x )3 5 x 2 + 3 x (40 x + 12 )

60
2.6.3 Envolvendo Regra do Quociente e Funo Exponencial na base e
Exemplo:
x +1
x 1
y=e
Soluo :
x +1
'
x + 1
y' = e x 1
ln e
x 1
x +1
( x + 1)' (x 1) ( x + 1) ( x 1)'
x 1
1
y' = e
2
(
x
1
)
x +1
x +1
x +1
1 ( x 1) (x + 1) 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
y' = e
2
y' = e ( x 1)2 y' = e
(
)
x
2

2
( x 1)
2.6.4 Envolvendo Regra do Produto e Funo Exponencial na base e

Exemplo:
y = e xln x
Soluo :
y' = e xln x (x ln x ) ln e
'
y' = e xln x x ' ln x + x ln x ' 1
x'
y' = e xln x 1 ln x + x
x
y' = e xln x ln x + x
x
y' = e xln x (ln x + 1)
2.6.5 Envolvendo Logaritmo Natural e Regra do Quociente

Exemplo:

61
ex
y = ln
x
+
1
Soluo :
( )
( )
'
ex
e x ( x + 1) e x ( x + 1)
2
x + 1
(
x + 1)
y' =
y' =
ex
ex
x + 1
x + 1
'
'
( )
e x ( x + 1) e x 1
y' =
e x [( x + 1) 1]
e x ( x + 1) e x
(x + 1)2
y' =
ex
x + 1
e x [x + 1 1] ( x + 1)
y' =
y' =
ex
(x + 1)2
(x + 1)2
ex
x + 1
x
(x + 1)
y' =
(x + 1)2
ex
x + 1
2.6.6 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas e Regra do Quociente

Exemplo:
Cos 4 x
1 Sen 4 x
Soluo :
y=
(Cos 4 x )' (1 Sen 4 x ) (Cos 4 x ) (1 Sen 4 x )'

(1 Sen 4 x )2
'
'
4 x ) (Sen 4 x ) (1 Sen 4 x ) (Cos 4 x ) ( 4 x ) (Cos 4 x )
(
y' =
(1 Sen 4 x )2
4 (Sen 4 x ) (1 Sen 4 x ) + 4 (Cos 4 x ) (Cos 4 x )
y' =
(1 Sen 4 x )2
y' =
y' =
y' =
4 Sen 4 x + 4 Sen 2 4 x + 4 Cos 2 4 x
(1 Sen 4 x )2
4 Sen 4 x + 4 Sen 2 4 x + Cos 2 4 x
(1 Sen 4 x )
4 Sen 4 x + 4 (1)
y' =
(1 Sen 4 x )2
4 ( Sen 4 x + 1)
y' =
(1 Sen 4 x )2
y' =
4
(1 Sen 4 x )

62
2.6.7 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas e Regra do Logaritmo Natural

Exemplo:
y = ln (Cos sec x + Cotg x )
Soluo :
'
(
Cos sec x + Cotg x )
y' =
(Cos sec x + Cotg x )
(Cos sec x )' + (Cotg x )'
y' =
( Cos sec x Cotg x ) + ( Cos sec 2 x ) y' = Cos sec x Cotg x Cos sec 2 x
y' =
Cos sec x (Cotg x + Cos sec x )
y' =
y' = Cos sec x
2.6.8 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra da Funo

Composta
Exemplo:
y = x Sen x
Soluo :
y' = Sen x x Sen x 1 x ' + x Sen x Sen x' ln x
y' = Sen x x Sen x x 1 1 + x Sen x Cos x ln x
y' = Sen x x Sen x
1
+ x Sen x Cos x ln x
1
x
Sen x x Sen x
+ x Sen x Cos x ln x
x
Sen x
y' = x Sen x
+ Cos x ln x
x
y' =

63
Potncia
Exemplo:
y = (1 + arc Cos 3 x )
Soluo :
y ' = 3 (1 + arc Cos 3 x )
3 1
(1 + arc Cos 3 x )
'
'
(3 x )
2
y ' = 3 (1 + arc Cos 3 x ) 0 +
2
1 (3 x )
3
2
y ' = 3 (1 + arc Cos 3 x )

2
1 9x
y =
'
9 (1 + arc Cos 3 x )
1 9x2
2.6.10 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra do

Logaritmo Natural
Exemplo:
y = ln (arc Tg x 2 )
Soluo :
(arc Tg x )
=
(arc Tg x )
(x )
2x
1 + (x )
(1 + x ) y = 2 x 1
=
y =
(arc Tg x )
(arc Tg x )
(1 + x ) (arc Tg x )
2 '
'
2 '
2 2
y'
y' =
'
'
2x
(1 + x ) (arc Tg x 2 )
4

Exponencial
Exemplo:

64
y = 3 arc Sen x
Soluo :
'
y ' = 3 arc Sen x arc Sen x 3 ln 3

y =3
'
( )
( )
3 '
x
ln 3
1 x3 2
2
3x
ln 3
6
1
arc Sen x 3
y ' = 3 arc Sen x
y =
'
3 arc Sen x 3 x 2 ln 3
1 x6

Composta
Exemplo:
y = (Tg x )
Soluo :
arc tg x
y ' = (arc tg x ) (Tg x )
arc tg x 1
arc tg x
arc tg x
arc tg x
'
(Tg x ) + (Tg x )
'
arc tg x
(arc tg x ) ln Tg
(Tg x ) (Tg x ) + (Tg x )

1
(Tg x )1
'
'
arc tg x
Sec 2 x x ' + (Tg x )
(arc tg x ) ln Tg
arc tg x
'
x'
ln Tg
1 + x2
1
1
arc tg x
Sec 2 x 1 + (Tg x )
ln Tg
(Tg x )
1 + x2
arc tg x
arc tg x
(
arc tg x ) (Tg x )
Sec 2 x (Tg x )
ln Tg
=
+
2
(Tg x )
1+ x

65
CAPTULO III
ESTUDO DAS INTEGRAIS

66
3. INTEGRAIS INDEFINIDAS
3.1 REGRAS DE INTEGRAO
3.1.1 Pelo Teorema Fundamental do Clculo
Formula:
x n +1
+C
n+1
n
x dx =
Exemplo:
dx
x 4 +1
4 +1
x5
f(x)=
+C
5
f(x)=
3.1.2 Para uma Funo Exponencial

Formula:
k x
a dx =
a kx
+C
k ln a
Exemplo:
34 x
3 dx = 4 ln 3 + C
4x
3.1.3 Para uma Funo Exponencial de base e

Formula:
e k x
e dx = k + C
k x
Exemplo:

67
6x
e dx =
e6 x
+C
6
3.1.4 Para Deslocamento de uma Constante

Formula:
a dx
a dx = ax + C
Exemplo:
2dx
2 dx = 2 x + C
3.1.5 Para uma Funo Logaritmo Natural
Formula:
1
x dx = ln ( x ) + C
Exemplo:
6
x dx 6 x dx = 6 ln ( x ) + C
3.1.6 Para uma Soma e Subtrao
Formula:
[ f ( x ) g( x )]dx
f ( x )dx g( x )dx
Exemplo:

68
(3 x
4 x 3 dx
Soluo :
3x
3 x
dx 4 x 3 dx
dx 4 x 3 dx
x 2 +1
x 3 +1
4
2+1
3+1
3
4
x
x
= 3 4
3
4
3
4
= x x +C
= 3
3.1.7 Veja algumas Resolues
1)
12 + 12 x 3 x 3

x4
Soluo :
(5 4t )dt
2)
Soluo :
5 dt 4tdt
5 dt 4 tdt
12
12 x
3x3
+
x4 x4 x4
12 x
t 1+ 1
f ( x ) = 5t 4
1+1
t2
f ( x ) = 5t 4
2
2
f ( x ) = 5t 2t + C
3)
Soluo :
(6 + 2 x + 3 x + x )dx
(6 + 5 x + x )dx
6 dx + 5 x dx + x dx
2
( )
( )
dx + 12 x x 4 dx 3 x 3 x 4 dx
x 4 +1
x 3 +1
1
+ 12
3 dx
4+1
3+1
x
3
2
x
x
f ( x ) = 12
+ 12
3 ln( x )
3
2
f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 6 x 2 3 ln( x ) + C
f ( x ) = 12
(2 + x ) (3 + x )dx
dx
x 2 +1
x 4 +1
f ( x ) = 6x + 5
+
2+1 4+1
x3 x5
f ( x ) = 6x + 5
+
+C
3
5

dy
= 3x2 4 x3
dx
Soluo :
4)
dy = 3 x 2 4 x 3 dx
dy = (3 x 4 x )dx
y = 3 x dx 4 x dx
2
x 2 +1
x 3+1
4
2+1
3+1
3
4
x
x
y = 3
4
3
4
3
4
y = x x +C
y = 3
69
5)
dy
= 200 x 4
dx
Soluo :
6)
x dx
Soluo :
1/ 2
7)
dy = 200 x
x ( 1 / 2 )+ 1
f(x)=
+C
(1/ 2 )+1
dx
x 4 +1
4+1
x5
y = 200
5
5
y = 40 x + C
y = 200
3.2.1 Mtodo da Substituio

Formula:
f [g (x)] g ' (x) dx = f (u ) du

Veja algumas aplicaes:
(3 x + 5 )
3dx
2)
5x
5 dx
Soluo :
u = 3x + 5
Soluo :
u = 5x
du
= 3 du = 3dx
dx
du
= 5 du = 5 dx
dx
Logo :
Logo :
du
u3
3
( 3 x + 5 )3
F( x ) =
+C
3
F( x ) =

dz
1
4 dz
z
f ( x ) = 4 ln( z ) + C
3.2 TCNICAS DE INTEGRAO
1)
Soluo :
dy = 200 x 4 dx
dx
4z
du
F( x ) = eu
F( x ) = e5x + C
70
1
1 + x 2 2 xdx
Soluo :
( x + 3 )
4)
3)
10
dx
Soluo :
u = x+3
du
= 1 du = dx
dx
u = 1 + x2
du
= 2 x du = 2 xdx
dx
Logo :
Logo :
1
u du
F ( x ) = ln( u )
10
du
u 11
F( x ) =
11
(x + 3)11 + C
F( x ) =
11
F ( x ) = ln( 1 + x 2 ) + C
3.2.2 Mtodo Integrao por Partes

Formula:
f (x) g ' (x) dx = f (x) g (x) g (x) f ' (x) dx

u dv = (u v) v du
1)
xe
dx
Soluo :
u=x
du
= 1 du = dx
dx
dv = e x dx
dv = e
dx
v = ex
u dv = (x e ) e dx
u dv = xe e
u dv = e ( x 1 ) + C
x

71
2)
x ln x dx
3)
e x dx
Soluo :
Soluo :
u = ln x
du 1
dx
= du =
dx x
x
u = x2
du
= 2 x du = 2 xdx
dx
dv = xdx
dv = e x dx
dv = xdx
dv = e
v=
x2
2
dx
v = ex
u dv = (u v ) v du
x
2
u dv = (u v ) v du
u dv = (x ) (e ) e 2 x dx
u dv = x e 2 e x dx
u dv = x e 2 [(x 1) e ]+ C
2
x dx

2 x
1
ln x xdx
2
x2
ln x
+C
4
u dv = (ln x )
x2
u dv = 2
x2
u
dv
=
3.2.2.1 Obteno de Formulas de Reduo

Atravs da tcnica de integrao por partes possvel a obteno de
Frmulas de Reduo para determinados tipos de integrais trigonomtricas.
Estas frmulas expressam uma integral com potncia de funo em termos de
integrais que expressam uma potncia de valor menorem relao aquela
funo.
Formulas:
1
n 1
x dx = Sen n 1 x Cos x +
Sen n 2 x dx
n
n
1
n 1
n
n 1
n2
Cos x dx = n Cos x Sen x + n Cos x dx
Sen

72
1)
Sen
x dx
Soluo :
1
31
x dx = Sen 31 x Cos x +
Sen 3 2 x dx
3
3
1
2
3
2
Sen x dx = 3 Sen x Cos x + 3 Sen x dx
1
2
3
2
Sen x dx = 3 Sen x Cos x 3 Cos x
2
1
3
2
Sen x dx = Cos x 3 Sen x 3 + C
Sen
2)
Cos
x dx
Soluo :
1
4 1
Cos 4 1 x Sen x +
Cos 4 2 x dx
4
4
1
3
4
3
2
Cos x dx = 4 Cos x Sen x + 4 Cos x dx
1
3 1
2 1
4
3
2 1
22
Cos x dx = 4 Cos x Sen x + 4 2 Cos x Sen x + 2 Cos x dx
Cos
x dx =
Cos
x dx =
1
3 1
1
Cos 3 x Sen x + Cos x Sen x + 1 dx

4
4 2
2
1
3 1
1
Cos 3 x Sen x + Cos x Sen x + x
4
4 2
2
1
3
3
4
3
Cos x dx = 4 Cos x Sen x + 8 Cos x Sen x + 8 x
3
1
3
4
3
Cos x dx = Sen x 4 Cos x + 8 Cos x + 8 x + C
Cos
x dx =

73
3.2.3 Aplicaes envolvendo as Tcnicas de Integrao
1)
x Sen 5 x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u=x
du
=1
dx
du = dx
dv = Sen 5 x dx
dv = Sen 5x dx
v = Sen 5 x dx
Veja que obtivemos uma 2 integral:
Sen 5 x dx
Logo faamos:
t = 5x
dt
=5
dx
dt = 5 dx
Sen 5 x dx
dt
Sen t 5
1
1
1
Sen t dt ( Cos t ) Cos 5 x
5
5
5
Da:
v = Sen 5 x dx
1
v = Cos 5 x
5
Temos:
x Sen 5 x dx = u v v du
1
x Sen 5 x dx = x 5 Cos 5 x 5 Cos 5 x dx

1
x Sen 5 x dx = 5 x Cos 5 x + 5 Cos 5 x dx

Cos 5 x dx
74
Logo faamos:
w = 5x
Cos 5 x dx
dw
=5
dx
dw = 5 dx
Cos w
dw
5
1
1
1
Cos w dw Sen w Sen 5 x
5
5
5
Continuando coma integral primria:
1 1
x Sen 5 x dx = 5 x Cos 5x + 5 5 Sen 5 x

x Sen 5 x dx = 5 x Cos 5x + 25 Sen 5x
Por tanto:
1
x Sen 5 x dx = 5 x Cos 5x + 25 Sen 5x + C
2)
ln (1 x ) dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u = ln (1 x )
du
1
=
dx
1 x
1
du =
dx
1 x
dv = dx
dv = dx
v=x
Logo Faamos:
u dv = u v v du
ln (1 x ) dx = ln (1 x ) x x 1 x dx
1
ln (1 x ) dx = ln (1 x ) x + x 1 x dx

75
1
x 1 x dx
Logo faamos:
1
dx
1 x
1
dw = 1 x dx
w = ln (1 x )
dw =
t=x
dt
=1
dx
dt = dx
Continuando com a integral primria:

1
ln(1 x ) dx = ln(1 x ) x + x 1 x dx
ln(1 x ) dx = ln(1 x ) x + [t w w dt ]
ln(1 x ) dx = ln(1 x ) x + [x ln(1 x ) ln(1 x ) dx]
ln(1 x ) dx = ln(1 x ) x + x ln(1 x ) ln(1 x ) dx
Faa a transposio:
ln (1 x ) dx = M
ln(1 x ) dx = ln(1 x ) x + x ln(1 x ) ln (1 x ) dx
M = ln (1 x ) x + x ln (1 x ) M
M + M = ln (1 x ) x + x ln (1 x )
2 M = 2 [ln (1 x ) x]
M = ln (1 x ) x
Por tanto:
ln (1 x ) dx = ln (1 x ) x + C
3)
t e
4t
dt
Soluo:
Consideramos:

76
u=t
dv = e 4t dt
du
=1
dt
du = dt
dv = e dt
v = e dt
4t
4t
4t
dt
Logo faamos:
w = 4t
dw
=4
dt
dw = 4 dt
4t
dt
dw
4
1
e w dw
4
1 w
e dw
4
Ento:
v = e 4 t dt =
1 w
e dw
4
Voltemos a integral primria:
u dv = u v v du
1
1
dt = t e 4t e 4t dt
4
4
1 4t 1 4t
4t
t e dt = t 4 e 4 e dt
t e
4t
1
1 1
dt = t e 4t e 4t
4
4 4
1 4t 1 4t
4t
t e dt = t 4 e 16 e
t e
4t
Por tanto:
t e
4t
1
1
dt = t e 4 t e 4t + C
4
16

77
4)
(x + 1) Cos 2 x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u = x +1
du
=1
dx
du = dx
dv = Cos 2 x dx
dv = Cos 2 x dx
v=
1
Sen 2 x
2
u dv = u v v du
1
(x + 1)Cos 2 x dx = (x + 1) 2 Sen 2 x 2 Sen 2 x dx

1
1 1
(x + 1)Cos 2 x dx = (x + 1) 2 Sen 2 x 2 Sen 2 x dx
(x + 1)Cos 2 x dx = (x + 1) 2 Sen 2 x 2 2 Cos x

(x + 1)Cos 2 x dx = (x + 1) 2 Sen 2 x 4 Cos x
Por tanto:
1
(x + 1) Cos 2 x dx = (x + 1) 2 Sen 2 x 4 Cos x + C
5)
x ln 3 x dx
Consideramos:
u = ln 3 x
du
3
=
dx 3 x
1
du = dx
x
dv = x dx
dv = x dx
v=
x2
2

78
u dv = u v v du
x2
x ln 3x dx = ln 3x 2
x2
ln
3
ln
3
x
x
dx
=
x
2
x2
ln
3
ln
3
x
x
dx
=
x
2
x2
x
ln
3
x
dx
=
ln
3
x
x2 1
dx
2 x
1
x dx
2
1 x2

2 2
x2
Por tanto:
x ln 3x dx = ln 3x
6)
Cos
x2 x2
+C
2
4
x dx
Soluo:
Vamos reescrever a Integral:
Cos 2 x Cosx dx
Consideramos:
u = Cos 2 x
dv = Cos x dx
du
= 2 Cos x Sen x
dx
du = 2 Cos x Sen x dx
dv = Cos x dx
v = Sen x
Temos:

79
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x Sen x ( 2 Cos x Sen x dx )
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen x Cos x Sen x dx
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen 2 x Cos x dx
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 1 Cos 2 x Cos x dx
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Cos x dx Cos 3 x dx
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Cos x dx Cos 3 x dx
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen x Cos 3 x d x
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen x 2 Cos 3 x d x
Faa a transposio:
Cos
x dx = M
Cos
x dx = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen x 2 Cos 3 x d x
M = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen x 2M

M + 2 M = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen x
3M = Cos 2 x Sen x + 2 Sen x
1
2
M = Cos 2 x Sen x + Sen x
3
3
1
2
3
2
Cos x dx = 3 Cos x Sen x + 3 Sen x
1
2
3
2
Cos x dx = 3 1 Sen x Sen x + 3 Sen x
1
1
2
3
3
Cos x dx = 3 Sen x 3 Sen x + 3 Sen x
1
3
3
Cos x dx = Sen x 3 Sen x
Por tanto:
Cos
1
x dx = Sen x Sen 3 x + C
3

80
7)
Cos
x
dx
2
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u=e
du
= ex
dx
du = e x dx
x
x
dx
2
x
dv = Cos 2 dx
x
v = 2 Sen
2
dv = Cos
Temos:
u dv = u v v du
x
dx = e x 2 Sen
2
x
x
x
e Cos 2 dx = e 2 Sen
Cos
x
x
2 Sen e x dx
2
2
x
x x
2 Sen e dx
2
2

x
Sen 2 e
dx
Logo faamos:
t = ex
dt
= ex
dx
dt = e x dx
x
dx
2
x
dw = Sen 2 dx
x
w = 2 Cos
2
dw = Sen
Ento:
t dw = t w w dt
x
x
dx = e x 2 Cos 2 Cos e x dx
2
2
x x
x
x
x
x
Sen 2 e dx = e 2 Cos 2 + 2 e Cos 2 dx
x
Sen 2 e

81
x
dx = e x Sen
2
x
x
x
e Cos 2 dx = e Sen
x
x
x
e Cos 2 dx = e Sen
Cos
x
x
Sen e x dx
2
2
x x
x
x
e 2 Cos + 2 e x Cos dx
2
2
2
x
x
x
+ e x 2 Cos 2 e x Cos dx
2
2
2
Faa a transposio:
x
dx = M
2
x
x
M = e x Sen + e x 2 Cos 2 M
2
2
x
x
M + 2 M = e x Sen + e x 2 Cos
2
2
x
x
3M = e x Sen + e x 2 Cos
2
2
1
x 1
x
M = e x Sen + e x 2 Cos
3
2 3
2
x
x 1 x
x
1 x
x
e Cos 2 dx = 3 e Sen 2 + 3 e 2 Cos 2
Cos
Por tanto:
8)
Cos
x
1
x 1
x
dx = e x Sen + e x 2 Cos + C
2
3
2 3
2
x ln x dx
Soluo:
x
Consideramos:

1
2
ln x dx
82
1
2
dv = x dx
u = ln x
du 1
=
dx x
1
du = dx
x
dv = x
1
2
dx
5
5
x2
2
v=
v = x 2
5
5
2
Temos:
u dv = u v v du
5
2
2
1
x ln x dx = ln x x 2 x 2 dx
5
5
x
5
2
2
x ln x dx = ln x 5 x 2 x 2 x 1 dx
5
5
2
2
x ln x dx = ln x 5 x 2 x 2 dx
5
5
2
2 x2
x ln x dx = ln x 5 x 2
5
5 3
+1
2
+1
7
2
2
2 x
x ln x dx = ln x 5 x 2
5
5 7
2
7
2
2
2
x ln x dx = ln x 5 x 2 x 2
5
5
7
7
2
4
x ln x dx = ln x 5 x 2 x 2
5
35
Por tanto:
9)
Cos sec
x ln x dx =
2
4
ln x 5 x 2 7 x 2 + C
5
35
x dx
Soluo:
Cos sec
x Cos sec x dx
83
Consideramos:
u = Cos sec x
dv = Cos sec 2 x dx
du
= Cos sec x Cotg x
dx
du = Cos sec x Cotg x dx
dv = Cos sec
x dx
v = Cotg x
Temos:
u dv = u v v du
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x ( Cotg x ) Cotg x ( Cos sec x Cotg x dx )
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x Cotg x Cos sec x Cotg x dx
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x Cotg x Cos sec x dx
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x (Cos sec x 1) Cos sec x dx
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x Cos sec x Cos sec x dx
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x [ Cos sec x dx Cos sec x dx ]
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x Cos sec x dx + Cos sec x dx
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x + Cos sec x dx Cos sec x dx
Cos sec x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x + ln Cos sec x Cotg x Cos sec x dx
3
Faa a transposio:
Cos sec
x dx = M
M = Cos sec x Cotg x + ln Cos sec x Cotg x M

M + M = Cos sec x Cotg x + ln Cos sec x Cotg x
2 M = Cos sec x Cotg x + ln Cos sec x Cotg x
1
1
M = Cos sec x Cotg x + ln Cos sec x Cotg x
2
2
1
1
3
Cos sec x dx = 2 Cos sec x Cotg x + 2 ln Cos sec x Cotg x
Por tanto:
Cos sec
1
1
x dx = Cos sec x Cotg x + ln Cos sec x Cotg x + C
2
2

84
10 )
Cos x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u = x2
dv = Cos x dx
du
= 2x
dx
du = 2 x dx
dv = Cos x dx
v=
Sen x
Temos:
u dv = u v v du
x
Cos x dx = x 2
Cos x dx = x 2
Sen x
Sen x
Sen x 2 x dx
Sen x x dx
Sen
x x dx
Logo faamos:
t=x
dt
=1
dx
dt = dx
dw = Sen x dx
dw = Sen x dx
w=
Cos x
Ento:
t dw = t w w dt
Sen x x dx = x Cos x Cos x dx

1
1 1
Sen x x dx = x Cos x + Cos x dx

Sen x x dx = x Cos x + Sen x
Sen x x dx = x Cos x +
Sen x

85
Cos x dx = x 2 Sen x 2 Sen x x dx
1
1
Cos x dx = x 2 Sen x 2 x Cos x + 2 Sen
1
2
2
2
x Cos x dx = x Sen x + 2 x Cos x 2 Sen x
Por tanto:
11 )
Cos x dx = x 2 Sen x + 2 x
Cos x
Sen x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u = x2
dv = Sen x dx
du
= 2x
dx
du = 2 x dx
dv = Sen x dx
v = Cos x
Temos:
x
x
x
Sen x dx = u v v du
Sen x dx = x 2 ( Cos x ) Cos x 2 x dx
Sen x dx = x 2 Cos x + Cos x 2 x dx
Cos x 2 x dx
Logo faamos:
t = 2x
dw = Cos x dx
dt
=2
dx
dt = 2 dx
w = Cos x dx
w = Sen x

Sen x + C
86
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sen x dx = x 2 Cos x + Cos x 2 x dx
Sen x dx = x 2 Cos x + t w w dt
Sen x dx = x 2
Sen x dx = x 2
Sen x dx = x 2 Cos x + [2 x Sen x 2 ( Cos x )]
Sen x dx = x 2 Cos x + [2 x Sen x + 2 Cos x ]
Sen x dx = x 2 Cos x + 2 x Sen x + 2 Cos x
[
]
Cos x + [2 x Sen x Sen x 2 dx ]
Cos x + [2 x Sen x 2 Sen x dx ]
Por tanto:
12 )
2x
Sen x dx = x 2 Cos x + 2 x Sen x + 2 Cos x + C
Sen x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u = e2x
du
= 2 e2x
dx
du = 2 e 2 x dx
dv = Sen x dx
dv = Sen x dx
v = Cos x
Temos:
e
e
e
2x
2x
2x
Sen x dx = u v v du
Sen x dx = e 2 x ( Cos x ) Cos x 2 e 2 x dx
Sen x dx = e 2 x Cos x + 2 Cos x e 2 x dx
Cos x e
Logo faamos:

2x
dx
87
t = e2x
dt
= 2 e 2x
dx
dt = 2 e 2 x dx
dw = Cos x dx
w = Cos x dx
w = Sen x
e
e
e
e
e
2x
Sen x dx = e 2 x Cos x + 2 Cos x e 2 x dx
2x
Sen x dx = e 2 x Cos x + 2 t w w dt
2x
Sen x dx = e 2 x
2x
Sen x dx = e 2 x Cos x + 2 e 2 x Sen x 2 Sen x 2 e 2 x dx
2x
Sen x dx = e 2 x Cos x + 2 e 2 x Sen x 4 e 2 x Sen x dx
[
Cos x + 2 [e
2x
Sen x Sen x 2 e 2 x dx
Faa a transposio:
2x
Sen x dx = M
M = e 2 x Cos x + 2 e 2 x Sen x 4 M
M + 4 M = e 2 x Cos x + 2 e 2 x Sen x
5M = e 2 x Cos x + 2 e 2 x Sen x
1
2
M = e 2 x Cos x + e 2 x Sen x
5
5
Por tanto:
13 )
Sen
2x
1
2
Sen x dx = e 2 x Cos x + e 2 x Sen x + C
5
5
x dx
Sen
x Sen x dx
Consideramos:
u = Sen 2 x
du
= 2 Sen x Cos x
dx
du = 2 Sen x Cos x dx
dv = Sen x dx
dv = Sen x dx
v = Cos x

88
Temos:
Sen
Sen
Sen
Sen
Sen
Sen
Sen
Sen
Sen
x dx = u v v du
x dx = Sen 2 x ( Cos x ) Cos x 2 Sen x Cos x dx
x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x + 2 Cos 2 x Sen x dx
x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x + 2 1 Sen 2 x Sen x dx
x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x + 2 Sen x dx Sen 3 x dx
x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x + 2 Sen x dx Sen 3 x dx
x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x + 2 Sen x dx 2 Sen 3 x dx
x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x + 2 [ Cos x ] 2 Sen 3 x dx

x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x 2Cos x 2 Sen 3 x dx
Faa a transposio:
Sen x dx = M
3
M = Sen 2 x Cos x 2Cos x 2 M

M + 2 M = Sen 2 x Cos x 2Cos x
3M = Sen 2 x Cos x 2Cos x
1
2
M = Sen 2 x Cos x Cos x
3
3
Por tanto:
Sen
1
2
x dx = Sen 2 x Cos x Cos x + C
3
3

89
REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
ALARCN, Srgio Alberto; SUESCN, Carlos Mario & DE LA TORRE, Andrs.
El mtodo de las tangentes de Fermat. In: Esculea Regional de Matemticas
Universidad del Valle. Vol. XIII n 2, Diciembre Colombia, 2005.
ALMEIDA, Susana Gorete Monteiro. Histria da Matemtica: Newton e
Leibniz. In: Universidade Catlica Portuguesa. Monografia. Lisboa-PT, 2003.
BARON, E.M. The Origins of the Infinitesimal Calculus (Pergamon Press),
1969.
BARUFI, Maria Cristina Bonomi. A construo/negociao de significados
no curso universitrio inicial de Clculo Diferencial e Integral. Tese de
Doutorado. So Paulo: FE-USP, 1999.
BERTOLONI, Meli D. Equivalence and Priority: Newton vs. Leibniz.
Clarendon Press Oxford, 1993.
BOYER. Carl B. Tpicos de Histria da Matemtica. Trad. Hygino H.
Domingues. Ed. Atual. So Paulo, 1992.
BRESSAN, P. M. Calculo Diferencial e Integral I: Investigao sobre
dificuldades dos alunos. In:X Salo de IniciaoCientfica PUCRS. Porto
Alegre-RS, 2009.
FROTA, M. C. R. Duas abordagens distintas da estratgia de resoluo de
exerccios no estudo de Clculo. In: LAUDARES, J. B.; LACHINI, J. (orgs.).
Educao Matemtica: a prtica educativa sob o olhar de professores de
Clculo. Belo Horizonte: FUMARC 2001.
REZENDE, Wanderley Moura. O Ensino de Clculo: Dificuldades de Natureza
Epistemolgica. Tese (Doutorado em Educao). USP, So Paulo, 2003.
STEWART, James. Clculo: Volume I. Editora: Cengace Learning. So Paulo,
2010.
STRONG, Edward W. Barrowand Newton. In: Journal of the History of
Philosophy. Volume 8, Numero 2, Nova York, Abril 1970.

90
APNDICES

91
APNDICE A
Tabela de Identidades Trigonomtricas
sen2x + cos2x = 1
1 + tg2x = sec2x
1 + cotg2x = cosec2x
sen (-x) = -sen x
cos (-x) = cos x
tg (-x) = -tg x
sen 2x = 2 senx.cos x
cos 2x = cos2x - sen2x = 1 - 2 sen2x = 2 cos2x - 1

92
APNDICE B
Tabela de Derivadas Usuais
Funo (y)
y = un
y=uv
u
v
y = au
y=
y = eu
Derivada (y)
y ' = n u n 1u '
y ' = u 'v + v 'u
u'v v'u
y' =
v2
y ' = a u (ln a ) u ',
( a > 0, a 1)
y = uv
y = sen u
y = cos u
y ' = euu '

u'
y ' = log a e
u
1
y' = u'
u
y ' = v u v 1 u '+ u v (ln u ) v '
y ' = u ' cos u
y ' = u 'sen u
y = tg u
y ' = u 'sec 2 u
y = log a u
y = ln u
y = cotg u
y = sec u
y = cosec u
y = arc sen u
y = arc cos u
y = arc tg u
y = arc cot g u
y = arc sec u, u 1
y = arc cosec u, u 1

y ' = u ' cosec 2u

y ' = u 'sec u tg u
y ' = u ' cosec u cotg u
u'
y' =
1 u2
u '
y' =
1 u2
u'
y' =
1 + u2
u '
1 + u2
u'
y' =
, u >1
u u2 1
y' =
u '
u u2 1
, u >1
93
APNDICE C
Tabela de Integrais
Integrais Usuais
u
a du =
au
+C
lna
tgu du = ln secu + C
cosecudu = ln cosecu cotgu + C
secu du = ln secu + tgu + C
u du = - cotgu + C
secu.tgu du = secu + C
u
= arc sen + C
a
a2 u2
a 2 + u 2 = a arc tg a + C
du
du
senhu du = coshu + C
cosech
du
u2 a2
senu du = cos u + C
du = e u + C
cosu du = sen u + C
cosec
u +1
u du = + 1 + C
du
u = ln u + C
du = u + C
cotgu du = ln senu + C
sec
du
a2 u2
du
tg
u du =
1
tg n -1u tg n - 2u du
n -1
1
cotg u du = n - 1 cotg
n
sec u du = n - 1 sec
n
n -2
u - cotgn - 2u du
n -1
u.tg u +
cosec u du = n - 1 cosec
n
du
(u 2 + a 2 ) n
n 1
cosn - 2 u du
n
u.sen u +
n -1
n -2
n2
sec n - 2 u du
n -1
u.cotg u +
n2
cosecn - 2u du
n -1
u. u 2 + a 2 1 n
2n 3
du
+ 2
2
2
2a (n 1)
2a (n 1) u + a 2

u du = tghu + C
1 a + a2 u2
=
+C
2 2 a ln
u
u a u
1 u+a
ln
+C
2a u a
1
n 1
u du = sen n -1u.cos u +
sen n - 2 u du
n
n
cos u du = n cos
1
u
= arc sec + C
a
u u2 a2 a
cosechu.cotghu du = - cosechu + C
Frmulas de Recorrncia
sen
du
sech
sechu.tghu du = sechu + C
= ln u + u 2 a 2 + C
u du = tgu + C
cosecu.cotgu du = - cosecu+ C
coshu du = senhu + C
u du = - cotghu + C
n 1

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CAPA DO LIVRO

CLCULO I: LIMITES, DERIVADAS E INTEGRAIS

Editado por la Fundacin Universitaria Andaluza Inca Garcilaso

C512c Chaves, Marcelo Santos

A modesta contribuio que aqui

Se eu enxerguei mais longe, foi por

Um pouco sobre Histria do Clculo............................................................................... 11

1.2.2 Limites Infinitos.........................................................................................................

1.3 Limites Exponenciais................................................................................................... 34

2.1.2 Derivao pela Regra do Quociente.............................................................................

2.1.3 Derivao pela Regra da Potncia...............................................................................

2.2 Derivao de Funes Particulares................................................................................... 53

2.2.2 Derivao de Funo Exponencial de Base e...............................................................

2.2.3 Derivao de um Logaritmo Natural.............................................................................

2.2.4 Derivao de Funo Logartmica................................................................................

2.3 Derivao de Funes Trigonomtricas.................................................................... 55

2.6.2 Envolvendo Regra da Potncia e Produto....................................................................

2.6.3 Envolvendo Regra do Quociente e Funo Exponencial na base e................................

2.6.4 Envolvendo Regra do Produto e Funo Exponencial na base e..................................

2.6.5 Envolvendo Logaritmo Natural e Regra do Quociente....................................................

2.6.6 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas e Regra do Quociente ......................................

2.6.7 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas e Regra do Logaritmo Natural............................

2.6.8 Envolvendo Funes Trigonomtricas Inversas e Regra da Funo Composta............... 62

Capitulo III Estudo das Integrais.................................................................................... 65

3.1.2 Para uma Funo Exponencial....................................................................................

3.1.3 Para uma Funo Exponencial de basee.................................................................................

3.1.4 Para Deslocamento de uma Constante........................................................................

3.1.6 Para uma Soma e Subtrao.......................................................................................

3.1.7 Veja algumas Resolues...........................................................................................

3.2 Tcnicas de Integrao................................................................................................ 69

3.2.2 Mtodo Integrao por Partes......................................................................................

3.2.2.1 Obteno de Formulas de Reduo.......................................................................

3.2.3 Aplicaes envolvendo as Tcnicas de Integrao.......................................................

integrao foram examinadas h pelo

sir Isaac Newton

(2005), sabemos que os mtodos para encontrar as tangentes foram criadas,

na acepo da palavra, e sim utilizaram a relao

descoberta por Barrow, para constiturem o Teorema Fundamental do Clculo,

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Marcelo Santos Chaves

1.1 LIMITES LATERAIS

1) Dado f ( x) = 1, se x = 1 , calcule os limites das funes e esboce o

Como : Lim+ f ( x ) Lim f ( x ), Ento Lim f ( x) = No Existe

Agora vamos estabelecer os pontos:

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Esbouo do Grfico (Rio x)

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Como : Lim+ f ( x ) Lim f ( x ), Ento Lim f ( x) = No Existe

Vamos estabelecer os pontos:

Esbouo do Grfico (Raio x)

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Como : Lim+ f ( x) = Lim f ( x ), Ento Lim f ( x ) = 5

Vamos estabelecer os pontos:

No h razes para funo

Esbouo do Grfico (Raio x)

Marcelo Santos Chaves

Seja Lim f ( x ) = Lim+ f ( x ), temos : Lim f ( x ) = 2