4393ref Mag NEW v1

Refereeing
Joint publication of FA Learning and The RA
Volume 08 January 2009
IN THIS ISSUE
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26-33
Dealing
with
dissent
Contributors
Kelly Simmons, Graham Noakes,
David Elleray, Ian Blanchard,
Neale Barry, Mike Riley,
Howard Webb, Steve Bennett,
Martin Atkinson, Stuart Attwell,
Keith Hackett, Nigel Llong,
Ashley Klein, Andrew Small,
Matthew Weston, Joe Simpson,
Una Hong, John Folwell,
Colin Harris.
Re f e Re
Joint pub
lication of
FA
Volume 08
January
in THiS iSS
eing
Learning
and The
RA
2009
Re D C
Ue
OffenCARD
eS
Editorial Team
Ian Blanchard, Cassandra Rees,
Anna Gray, Neale Barry
and David Elleray.
Acknowledgements
The contents of Refereeing
are copyright of The Football
Association. No articles, features
or any aspects can be reproduced
or photocopied without written
permission of The Football
Association.
The views of this journal
are not necessarily those
of The Football Association.
Published by:
FA Learning, 25 Soho Square,
London, W1D 4FA.
Website:
TheFA.com/Refereeing
Introduction
David Elleray
04
Partnership with the professional game

is key to success
Graham Noakes
05
The No.1 challenge at grassroots level
Kelly Simmons
06
Recognising foul challenges
Keith Hackett
08
Serious foul play or violent conduct
Stuart Attwell
10
Abuse - why should we put up with it?
Steve Bennett
14
Spitting
Martin Atkinson
16
Denial of obvious goal scoring opportunities
Howard Webb
18
Second yellow card
Mike Riley
22
Association of Elite Sports Officials
24
Dealing with dissent - Cricket
Nigel Llong
26
Dealing with dissent - Rugby League
Ashley Klein
28
Dealing with dissent - Rugby Union
Andrew Small
30
Dealing with dissent - Football
Howard Webb
32
Avoiding injury in winter conditions
Matthew Weston
34
When Saturday comes
Joe Simpson
36
My olympic experience
Una Hong
40
Declaration of fees
John Folwell
42
International instructors course
Ian Blanchard
43
Referee development officers
Ian Blanchard
44
Increasing RA membership
Colin Harris
46
Right to play
48
Do you really know the laws
49
Neale Barry
Email:
FAMOA@TheFA.com
The FA Crest is a registered
trademark of The Football
Association. The Football
Association 2004
36
when
saturday
comes
40
my olympic
experience
REFEreeing VOLUME 08
ASSOCIATION OF ENGLAND
INTRODUCTION
FOREWORD
Partnership with the

Professional Game is
key to success
FEATURE
Introduction
to the Edition
T
his edition has a variety of stimulating

and educational articles for all those
involved with refereeing and those who
are interested in refereeing as a vital part of
our national game.
As part of the re-structuring of the FA Kelly
Simmons and Graham Noakes have been
appointed as Managers for the National Game
and Professional Game respectively and they
outline how refereeing sits within their roles.
Our major feature is focusing on red cards.
We have a series of articles from our very top
referees looking at how to identify and deal
with all the different sending off offences. This
will be followed in the April edition with a focus
on yellow card offences and in the September
edition we will be looking at effective report
writing for red and yellow card offences.
We have news of AESO, a new organisation
bringing together the top officials in Englands
four major team sports. To mark this new
bodys work each sport outlines how they deal
with dissent.
We have also introduced what will be regular
features on the Laws of the Game, young
referees, female referees, fitness, and the
Referees Association of England.
Happy reading and best wishes for 2009!
David Elleray
Graham Noakes,
Professional Game Manager
s the title would imply, my new role

entails focusing on the Professional
Game, and means some aspects
of my former role as the Head of Football
Administration now move to Kelly Simmons,
my National Game counterpart.
These include overseeing the National League
System and The FA Womens Premier League.
However, still within my remit are Registrations,
where we are determined to deliver an improved
service to the Professional Game, alongside
serving all other clubs with players under
written contract. Competitions played within the
Professional Game primarily The FA Challenge
Cup also clearly fall within my new role.
When it comes to refereeing, again the
framework is around the Professional Game,
which means Ill be working very closely with
Neale Barry, The FAs Head of Senior Referee
Development and Keith Hackett, PGMO
General Manager as well as with The FA
Referees Committee.
Under- and overpinning all my work is the
delivery of the desire contained in The FAs Vision
2008-12 to form a more effective partnership with
the Professional Game, so we constantly serve
the game better. Just like Kelly with the National
Game Board, this will mean providing ongoing
support to my board, the Professional Game
Board, and tackling challenges as they arise.
However, some of these challenges are already
upon us and are apparent to those in the game.
I would list them as:
To deliver high-performing match officials
to the Professional Game, and ensuring the
Respect programme becomes embedded at
the elite level.
To deal with the perennial difficulties posed
in scheduling all domestic competitions
after FIFA and UEFA have published their
competition dates. This means working closely
with the Fixtures Working Party (comprising
representatives from the Premier League,
Football League, ourselves at The Football
Association and clubs).
To support youth development within the
Professional Game as clubs aim to develop
quality players through their Academies
and Centres of Excellence. Of course, from
The FAs perspective it is to be hoped that
REFEREES
REFEREES
REFEREEING AT THE FA
a greater number of players coming through

the Academies and Centres will increase the
number of home-grown players participating
regularly at the top end of the game and
moving on to the national teams.
This is a good example where the partnership
aspect of my work will really come to the fore.
Unlike the National Game, there is no
Professional Game Strategy as such, given we
cannot develop the Professional Game in the
way we can the game at grassroots level. But
our lead is taken from The FAs Vision 2008-12
which defines our role as working with the many
stakeholders in the Professional Game to address
issues affecting the Professional Game whether
at domestic, European or international level.
The success of the Premier League, Football
League, The FA Cup and English club football
in Europe is important to the revenue streams
needed for the whole game.
Some issues will require ensuring appropriate
regulation of the game, and fulfilling one of The
FAs stated aims: to be trusted to lead. Clearly,
as the games governing body in this country,
we already have this role, but our specific
responsibility and duty is to maintain the
integrity of the sport. This integrity has to be
seen to exist irrespective of any uncertainties and
controversies which will inevitably arise, given the
very nature of our entertaining and sometimes
volatile sport.
In terms of the achievement I would like to
see in the next four years, I would really like to
have played a role in embedding all the aspects
of the Respect programme, particularly in
improving understanding between match officials
and club representatives. Our involvement in
refereeing at the top end of the game will be key
to this work. I would also like to see an agreed
policy across the Professional Game for youth
development to start to deliver greater numbers
of players through the Academies and Centres of
Excellence. And in keeping with the challenges
outlined earlier, we need a complete review of
the fixture calendar for domestic and European
football to ensure all competitions can be
completed in a managed fashion.
There are some very challenging times ahead
but I wouldnt have it any other way.
FITNESS & TRAINING

Facts about Graham
Graham Noakes is
The FAs Professional
FEATURE
Game Manager. He has
spent almost 14 years at
the organisation. He has
worked as Co-ordinator
REFEREEING
AT THEand
FA
for
the Competitions
Regulations Department,
Head of Competitions and
Regulations and Head of
THE REFEREES
Football
Administration
ASSOCIATION
OF ENGLAND
and Refereeing. He is also
Company Secretary for
THE
REFEREES
the
PGMOL.
Graham has also filled
many roles at club level
including Secretary, Press
Officer, Fixtures Secretary
and Treasurer.
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
The FA Vision 2008-12 created several new senior positions at The FA, including
those of National Game Manager and Professional Game Manager reporting to
their respective boards. Broadly, whilst the Professional Game is self-explanatory,
the National Game covers football from the childrens game, through to
grassroots and up to and including Conference football.
Kelly Simmons has been selected as National Game Manager and Graham
Noakes as Professional Game Manager. Here they cover how they see their new
responsibilities and the challenges which lay ahead in these sectors of the game.
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
The no.1 challenge

at grassroots
level is all about
referees
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
Kelly Simmons,
National Game Manager
aving worked for the best part of the last

two years on The FAs National Game
Strategy 2008-12, my move to National
Game Manager doesnt feel like a huge shift in
my working life.
Thats because my new role having formerly
been Head of Football Development is to
ensure the full implementation of the Strategy,
to which literally thousands of people in
the grassroots game have contributed. My
responsibility now is to ensure the priorities set
by those in the game are honoured and we
deliver against them.
For me, this means taking a less hands-on
approach than my previous role, so that my focus
remains on the key challenges the game faces
right now and in the future. These challenges
include the fact that 2.5 million people want to
play more football, but we have a shortage of
referees. We also need to produce more skilful
young players, and ensure every youth team has
at least one FA-qualified coach. I could go on.
Of course, my other key responsibility is to
report and work to the National Game Board on
every issue and there will be unforeseen issues
which arise; thats in the nature of the fast-moving
business were in.
However, the no.1 one challenge involves

referees. We were very clearly told that having
a qualified referee for every game played at
grassroots level was players top priority. Set
that against the 7,000 referees leaving the game
every season, primarily because of the abuse
they receive on the pitch and from sidelines,
and it doesnt take a genius to see that we
have a major problem which if allowed to
continue could destroy the game in some parts
of the country.
The response to this problem has taken a
number of forms. Firstly, we have invested more
than 4 million in Referee Development Officers
in every County FA to support the recruitment
and retention of referees.
So alongside Respect, we will shortly be

launching a major Get into Refereeing campaign
to encourage and recruit new officials and just
as importantly, support them through the various
qualification levels.
This pathway for talent as it could be
described, applies equally to players and
coaches and I see the development of these
two areas as two more major challenges for
the National Game. A discussion document
on a new Coaching Strategy for the game in
England has just been published and contains
a fresh approach promoting age-appropriate
coaching, focused on the younger age groups.
In effect, this approach looks at the how of
coaching, not the what.
Addressing issues
Then theres the wide-ranging Respect
programme. And thats already thrown up an
example of a current issue we need to address:
since the start of the present season, through
the media, Respect has become focused on the
relationship between players and match officials
in the professional game, and we need to shift this
focus. There is also a major problem in the parks
and club pitches and a lot of our initial focus has
been on working with over 350 leagues to fully
implement the Respect programme.
New generation of players

Through this work, and initiatives like The FA
Tesco Skills Programme, we are looking to breed
a new generation of players who will enjoy the
game more because they are more skilled and
if they show undoubted talent, are guided

through a pathway to reach their potential.
You then have to set all the above against the
infrastructure of the game. Do we at The FA
support our leagues and clubs enough? Crucially
in these straitened times, can we provide a better
range of business and development to leagues
and their member clubs to keep their heads above
water and to develop?
Finally, all these challenges fall within the four
goals the National Game Strategy has set, from
which we must not deviate:
1. To grow and retain participation.
2. To raise standards and address
abusive behaviour.
3. To develop better players.
4. To run the game effectively.
It will be a busy four years, but we have a
fantastic opportunity to make a genuine and
positive difference to the game we all love.
Facts about Kelly

Kelly Simmons is The FAs
National Game Manager.
She is currently leading
the development and
implementation of the new
FA National Game Strategy
which will invest 200
million into grassroots
football over the next
four year period. She was
previously Head of Football
Development, establishing
The FA Football
Development Department
and delivering The FA
Football Development
Strategy 2001-2006.
Kelly is a member of the
UEFA Grassroots Panel
and FIFA Womens
Committee and is a UEFA
Match Delegate.
Kelly received the Member
of the British Empire
Award for her services to
football in 2002.
our initial focus has been on working

with over 350 leagues to implement fully
the Respect programme.
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
Recognising
Foul Challenges
THE REFEREES
Keith Hackett
PGMO General Manager and former FIFA referee
hen players enter the field of play to

participate in a game of football they
have a responsibility to ensure that
when challenging for the ball they do so within
the Laws of Association Football and the spirit
of the game. Players should be aware that they
also have a duty of care towards their opponent
when challenging for the ball.
The Laws of Association Football have changed
for the better over recent years, protecting
the skilful player and outlawing any forms
of brutality. A referee has a responsibility to
apply the Laws correctly. A referee must see,
recognise, think and act on unfair challenges.
A referee must distinguish between the following
foul challenges:
THINK

Facts about Keith
Take your time

Severity of challenge
Next phase of play
Credibility
About your control
Keith Hackett
General Manager PGMOL
Career highlights
1981
100th FA Cup Final
and replay
1988
European Championship
West Germany v Italy
Olympics Semi-Final
Brazil v West Germany
ACT

Whistle, arms, voice

Calm approach
Air of confidence
Firm but fair
Correct application of Law
Careless means that the player has shown
A Referee must see,

recognise, think and act
on unfair challenges.
a lack of attention or consideration when

making a challenge or he has acted without
precaution. Only a free kick is required
if a foul is judged to be careless.
Reckless means that the player has acted
with complete disregard of the danger to, or
consequences for, his opponent. A player who
plays in a reckless manner must be cautioned.
Using excessive force means that the player
has far exceeded the necessary use of force
and is in danger of injuring his opponent.
A player who uses excessive force must be
sent off.
Please act in the correct way by applying the

Law on challenges using excessive force that
endanger the safety of an opponent.
A player who jumps into a challenge two footed
and airborne is not in control of himself or his
challenge. This is also the case where, during
the act of launching himself with two feet, he
retracts one foot at the last moment.
Despite the many presentations that I have

given to managers and players over the years,
I am still surprised at the number of red
cards that are issued each season for those
career threatening challenges where the
player challenging for the ball does so with
excessive force, thus endangering the safety
of the opponent.
A referee also has to be alert to the illegal

use of arm and elbow, and detect accurately
those challenges where the player raises his
arm and executes a deliberate forearm smash
into his opponent.
One of the duties of a referee is to

SEE, RECOGNISE, THINK AND ACT
by applying the Laws correctly.
Equally, be alert and aware of the player involved

in a clash with an opponent who uses his hand
and makes contact with his opponent's neck, or
slaps/pushes his face, or punches.
SEE
Fitness Physical/Mental
Viewing positions
Dropping Zones
Scanning radar
Reading and anticipating play
RECOGNISE

Messages from players

Speed of challenge
Fair or foul?
Players reaction
If he makes contact with the ball and the

player he will be dismissed.
If he makes contact with the player and
misses the ball he will be dismissed.
A referee must in these incidents also issue

the appropriate sanction of a red card.
Here again the appropriate sanction must

be a red card.
Every player must challenge for the ball with the
safety of his opponent in mind and operate with
a duty of care and responsibility to the game.
Players must Respect their opponents.
Players must Respect the game.
Players must Respect the Referee.
In carrying out his duties a referee must
also Respect the players and Respect the
game by applying the Laws in a correct
and consistent manner.
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
serious foul
play or violent
conduct?
ne of the key functions of match officials is to ensure that all

players can participate in a safe and enjoyable game of football.
To help us to achieve this, it is increasingly important that we are
able to identify, and take appropriate action against, acts of Serious
Foul Play and Violent Conduct.
Serious Foul Play and Violent Conduct are two of the offences for
which players can be dismissed from the Field of Play. They are different
offences, and although they ultimately result in the same on-field
punishment for the offender, they require the referee to use his or
her skill, and understanding of Law 12 to identify which offence has
been committed, not least because this may affect the subsequent
disciplinary action.
Referees and assistants must be able to differentiate between
Serious Foul Play and Violent Conduct, and identify which acts fall into
each category.
ref Facts
Stuart Attwell
1998
Qualified as a referee
2007
Football League referee
FA County Youth Cup
Final referee
2008
The Football League
Play-Off Final referee
The FA Trophy Final Fourth
Official Appointed Select
Group referee
Stuart Attwell
FIFA and Select Group Referee
10
11
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
It is important to
remember that
Serious Foul Play is
THE REFEREES
only committed when
the ball is in play.
THE REFEREES
Serious Foul Play

Over the last 18 months, one of the major
talking points in English football has been the
apparent increase in the number of players
committing acts of Serious Foul Play. This has
become something of a concern to many
people in the game, including players, coaches,
the media, and of course, referees.
The Laws are clear in saying that any player
who makes a reckless challenge, which uses
excessive force, and endangers the safety of
an opponent, must be considered to be guilty
of Serious Foul Play.
It is important to remember that Serious
Foul Play is only committed when the ball
is in play, and usually, when the offending
player is involved in challenging an opponent
for the ball.
What makes it Serious Foul Play?
There are a number of factors that need to be
considered if an offence is to be classed as
Serious Foul Play:
Is excessive force used?
Is the safety of the opponent endangered?
Is there potential for the player to be
seriously injured?
Is the ball in play and in playing distance
when the challenge is made?
Is the offence committed as part of the
process of competing for the ball?
Is the challenge on an opponent?
12
How to decide if a challenge is Serious

Foul Play
The manner in which the challenge is made will
also help you to decide if the player is guilty of
Serious Foul Play. For example:
Does the player have a realistic chance
of winning the ball?
At what speed and intensity does the player
make the challenge?
Is the challenge of a brutal nature?
Does the offending player use
disproportionate force against the opponent?
What direction does the player come from
when making the challenge?
Does the player leave the ground when
making the challenge, and is he in control
of his body?
When making an aerial challenge, are the
arms in an unnatural position?
Examples
Examples of Serious Foul Play include two
footed challenges, challenges where players
lunge at an opponent, straight-legged
challenges, and players who use their arms
as a weapon when challenging for the ball.
It must be emphasised that contact does not
have to be made for a player to be guilty of
Serious Foul Play.
We must remember that we have a duty to
protect the safety of players. We also want to
ensure that positive play is encouraged, and that
skilful players are protected. If you consider that
a player has fulfilled the criteria for Serious Foul
Play, he must be dismissed for his actions.
Violent Conduct
Violent Conduct can occur in a wide range of
situations, and for a variety of reasons.
Frequently, players will react violently as a result
of frustration, in retaliation to another player, or
simply because the red mist has descended!
As with Serious Foul Play, the Laws of the Game
are clear, and state that a player guilty of Violent
Conduct must be shown a red card for their
actions. In many situations, an act of Violent
Conduct will be easy to interpret. However,
there are some occasions when a referee may
have to think harder about whether or not the
offence was Violent Conduct, or actually Serious
Foul Play.
What makes it Violent Conduct?
There are a number of factors that need to
be considered if an offence is to be classed as
Violent Conduct:
Is it violent in nature?
Is it an action that has the potential to
hurt or maim?
Does the player have no opportunity to
play the ball when committing the offence?
Is the action unnecessary?
Examples
Unlike Serious Foul Play, which can only
be committed against an opponent,
Violent Conduct can be directed towards
anybody, including team-mates, match
officials and spectators.
Examples include deliberate use of the elbow
(when the ball is not in playing distance), head
butting, punching and slapping. It is important
Violent Conduct can

be directed towards anybody,
including team-mates, match
officials and spectators.
to remember that contact does not have to

be made for a player to be guilty of Violent
Conduct.
As with Serious Foul Play, there is no place for
Violent Conduct in football. We have a duty to
protect the image of the game, and actions such
as this should be dealt with correctly, and in
accordance with Law 12.
SUMMARY
Serious Foul Play and Violent Conduct are
both offences that we will all encounter at
some stage when we are refereeing. It is
important that we remain vigilant to these
offences, are accurate in our identification
of them, and take the appropriate action
when required.
It is vitally important that we distinguish
clearly in our reports why we judged an
offence to be serious foul play or violent
conduct this is very important information
for disciplinary committees as the level of
punishment may vary according to the
nature of the offence.
13
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
Abuse
why should we put up with it?

Steve Bennett
Select Group Referee and FIFA instructor
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
way from the pitch, most of us would

never fire offensive verbal abuse at
another human being or remonstrate
with frenzied and vulgar gestures. Football, the
sport acknowledged as the beautiful game,
is tarnished when this type of behaviour occurs.
As soon as the popularity of the modern game
began to attract large crowds of supporters,
disputes became commonplace with match
officials often targeted as scapegoats. Today,
compounded by a general deterioration in social
discipline, abuse of match officials across the
country results in fewer officials being prepared
to take charge of matches. Only last week I
witnessed a referee and his club assistant
referees getting dogs abuse from the players
and so-called supporters at a local recreation
ground. It seemed as though their comments
were being accepted as part of the game and at
no time did the match officials question or even
challenge the offenders making these remarks.
Respect Programme
These outbursts are the main reason why fewer
people want to become referees.
Its a question of educating players, managers
and fans so they have a different attitude
towards referees. The FAs Respect programme
has gone a long way in helping the current
situation; match officials must feel confident and
safe when they officiate at any level. This
programme has highlighted the clear need for
everyone in the game to have a more responsible
approach to the welfare of the referee.
Dealing with these situations often brings further

conflict but we cannot afford to turn a blind eye
or be afraid of taking the appropriate action.
The need to enforce the Laws to the full
in conjunction with the governing bodies
administering heavy punishments will hopefully
act as a deterrent and gradually eradicate this
abuse from our game.
Football is a passionate game
We all have a responsibility as guardians of
standards to ensure the image of the game is
protected. Football is a passionate game and
we all need to understand and differentiate
between frustration and acts of blatant abuse.
Our man-management skills must be used
effectively in dealing with players who challenge
our authority.
We must not duck the issue. When a player
comes up to you and is abusive or is using foul,
insulting or offensive language in a wilful manner
then you have a duty to the game to take strong,
positive action against the offender. A red card
can be the only course of action if we are to
eradicate this type of disease from our game.
ref Facts
Steve Bennett
1984
Qualified as a
Class 3 Referee
1992
Joined Linesmans List
Football League
1993
FA Premier League.
1995
FIFA
Joined Referees List
Football League
1999
Joined Referees List
FA Premier League
2001
Joined Referees List FIFA.
2003
FA Community Shield
Referee
Division 1 Play-off Final
Referee
2005
Carling Cup Final Referee
2007
FA Challenge Cup
Final Referee
Dealing with these situations often

brings further conflict but we cannot
afford to turn a blind eye or be afraid
of taking the appropriate action.
14
15
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
Spitting
Martin Atkinson
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
it is an offence which causes (quite

rightly) great upset and disgust
amongst the players themselves.
16
he Law 12 offence of spitting at an

opponent or any other person is, in my
opinion, one of the most vile acts that any
player can inflict on another.
It is almost impossible tostop a spitting offence
from occurring as it is not a routine part of
football. We often know when a
player is about to lose their cool and commit
a rash challenge, or when a player is likely to
engage in an act of aggression towards an
opponent. The warning signs usually come
as the temperature of the game rises, with
a players aggressive body language and verbal
output being key signs to their growing loss of
self control.
I have been very fortunate that I have not
experienced a spitting offence whilst officiating.
But I know that spitting must not be tolerated
and must be detected and acted upon very
strongly as it is an offence which causes (quite
rightly) great upset and disgust amongst the
players themselves they regard it as completely
unacceptable.
Catalyst to the offence
The warning signs I would suggest are after a
heated exchange, possibly after a bad tackle or
challenge. There is often a verbal exchange
between two opponents who are in close
proximity to each other. The verbal exchange is
often the catalyst to the offence.
When spitting occurs events will erupt as
tensions rise as such an offence is rare and
enrages players. It is vital that as match officials
we detect such offences and act in a quick,
positive and strong manner. Swift action on our
part can prevent further misconduct and
confrontation. Continuous short, loud blasts of
the whistle andconfident body language should
be used to attract the players attention and help

defuse the situation. Obviously we must be
aware of our own personal safety though when
a mass confrontation occurs, and a few steps
back to observe would be advisable. At the
professional level it is an offence when I would
be likely to show an immediate red card to
prevent an escalation this will demonstrate to
the players that I have seen the offence and have
acted strongly and quickly.
It is vital that we submit the correct report
after the game to the relevant bodies (check with
your local RA if unsure). All the facts must be
clearly reported and in my report I would include
the following:
My position in relation to the location

of the incident
How far away I was from the incident?
Whether I had a clear and unobstructed view
of the incident
What I actually saw
ref Facts
Martin Atkinson
1986
Started refereeing
2003
Became a National
List Referee
2005
Joined the Select Group
Referees List
Officiated at The
Football League Division 2
Play-Off Final
2006
Added to the FIFA
Referees List
The FA Community
Shield referee
2008
The FA Trophy
Final referee.
Making our colleagues job easier

It is important that if you have seen the player
spit you say so. How far were the two players
away from each other? Were any words
exchanged? Did you see the spit on the
opponent? Where did it hit the opponent?
The actions leading up to the offence paint
a picture for the disciplinary committee.
A clearly worded report makes our colleagues
job easier so it is vital that the facts are clear and
the report detailed but concise.
We must deal very strongly with this act
and hopefully it will not become a cancer in our
beautiful game. I am sure everyone in football
will support any referee who dismisses a player
for this vile action.
17
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
Denial of Obvious
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
Often, this type of

offence happens when
players are moving at
speed towards goal.
Goal-Scoring
Opportunities
Howard Webb
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
he need for a red card punishment for

a player who denies an opponent an
obvious goal-scoring opportunity
became clear in the infamous incident in the
1980 FA Cup Final when Willie Young of Arsenal
committed a deliberate foul on Paul Allen of
West Ham United, when Allen had a clear run
at goal.
As the Laws stood, the referee George
Courtney could only award West Ham a free kick
and issue a yellow card. This provoked a national
debate about deliberate fouls that denied
opponents the chance to score a goal. Following
this debate, The FA submitted a suggestion to
the International FA Board that this type of
offence be punished by a mandatory red card.
Initially the suggestion was rejected, but prior to
the 1990 World Cup in Italy, FIFA instructed its
referees to send off players for professional
fouls and in 1991 the provision that a
professional foul should be considered serious
foul play was incorporated into the Laws as a
Decision of the IFAB. The professional foul was
made a red card offence in its own right in 1998.
Subsequently, the wording of Law 12 was
changed and the term professional foul was
replaced by denying an obvious goal-scoring
opportunity to remove the implication that in
order for a red card to be issued, such a foul had
to be deliberate. Currently, if a player denies an
opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity
by foul means, whether deliberate or not, he is
sent off.
18
The Laws of the Game now state, under

Law 12, that:
ref Facts
Howard Webb
A player is sent off if he denies an
2001
Promoted to National
List Referee
obvious goal-scoring opportunity to

an opponent moving towards the players
goal by an offence punishable by a
free-kick or penalty kick.
2003
Promoted to Select
Group Referee
Viewing angle is all important

When dealing with this type of incident, the
referee has to make several judgments in
determining the appropriate punishment. Firstly,
the referee has to decide whether or not a
free-kick or penalty kick should be awarded.
Often, this type of offence happens when
players are moving at speed towards goal and
the referee is inevitably chasing play. The
viewing angle is all important and the referee
needs to consider the possible benefits of
sacrificing proximity in order to gain a better
viewing angle by moving left or right rather than
simply following play as quickly as possible.
Every step left or right improves the view, even
though by doing so the players are moving
further away from the referee. Full use of
assistant referees should be made, especially
on those occasions when the assistant is better
placed than the referee.
2005
Promoted to FIFA Referee
Community Shield Referee
2007
FIFA World U20 Finals
Referee
Worthington Cup Final
Referee
2008
UEFA European
Championship Finals
Referee
19
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
you do not have to be certain that

a goal would have resulted.
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
It is not only direct free-kick offences which are

punishable by a red card when they deny an
players who commit indirect free-kick offences
are also punished in the same way when they
have the same effect, e.g. a player who plays in a
dangerous manner and thereby denies an
should also be shown a red-card, even though
the subsequent free-kick would be indirect.
Having determined that an offence has
occurred, the referee then has to decide whether
the offence denied an opponent an obvious
goal-scoring opportunity (a red card) or merely
denied a promising attack (yellow card). FIFA
offer advice in the Guidelines for Referees
section of the Laws of the Game stating that the
referee should consider the following when
deciding whether to send
off a player for denying a goal or obvious
goal-scoring opportunity;
The distance between the offence

and the goal
The likelihood of keeping or gaining

control of the ball
The direction of the play

The location and number of defenders
All of these aspects are crucial when determining
what your course of action should be.
Concentration is so important and referees need
to take a mental picture of the exact situation as
it happens.
20
Where were the other defenders at the exact

time of the offence?
Was the offence a long distance from/wide of
goal with a good chance of defenders being
able to provide cover by getting back?
Was the attacking player likely to be able to
reach/control the ball successfully?
Was the attacker moving towards goal?
Make things easier
Its so important that these judgments are made
immediately as the offence occurs and not a few
seconds after as the picture can change
dramatically in that time. Defenders who are
chasing back can appear to have been covering
when they were some way back when the
offence actually occurred.
Referees can make things easier for themselves
by mentally preparing for what might happen.
For example, as an attacker closes in on goal, in
possession of the ball
and with a defender chasing, think to yourself
what the punishment will be should the attacker
be fouled at each stage of the attack. Say to
yourself words like red, red, red, red, now
yellow as the play develops. And having
penalised an offence, go with your instinct
and dont be swayed by players defenders will
always make a case for a yellow card when they
fear red and vice versa in the case of attackers.
As a general and over-riding rule of thumb, think
to yourself the following if the defender had not
committed the offence would the attacker have
had a clear opportunity to score a goal.
Not a possible opportunity, not a slim chance of

scoring but an obvious one. Take away the
defender in your mind and think what, on the
balance of probabilities, would have been the
outcome.
If an obvious goal-scoring opportunity (you do
not have to be certain that a goal would have
resulted) has been denied, a red card is the only
possible punishment.
Law 12 goes further and now includes
the following;
A player is sent off if he denies the opposing
team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring
opportunity by deliberately handling the ball
(this does not apply to a goalkeeper in his
own penalty area).
This aspect of Law makes it a red card offence for
an outfield player using the arm deliberately to
stop the ball going into his goal; it equally applies
to a goalkeeper outside his own penalty area.
Many of these types of offences occur on the
goal-line between the goalposts which makes the
job of the referee much easier as it is obvious that
the ball is entering into the goal. The biggest task
of the referee here is to determine whether or not
the handling offence was deliberate and
considerations should include determining
whether the hand/arm moved to the ball, the
speed of the ball, the distance it has travelled,
whether the arm is in a natural position etc. When
the handling offence takes place some distance
from goal the referee needs to judge whether the
player has prevented the ball from entering the
goal and in these cases the referees position and

viewing angle are crucial; sometimes the assistant
has the best view as being side-on the assistant
can judge the trajectory of the ball.
Obvious goal-scoring opportunity
This part of Law 12 also applies to a player
who deliberately handles the ball in order to
prevent an opponent from having an obvious
goal-scoring opportunity; it also applies to a
goalkeeper handling outside his own penalty
area. Similar considerations need to be applied
here as previously.
Finally, remember that when a referee applies
advantage for an offence during an obvious
goal-scoring opportunity and a goal is scored
directly, the offender cannot be sent off but he
may be cautioned. Goalkeepers who handle
within their own penalty area in order to prevent
the ball from entering goal e.g. from a deliberate
pass by a colleague, is not be guilty of a handling
offence (i.e. no yellow or red card) but is guilty
of an offence punishable by the award of an
indirect free-kick.
Concentration is so important
and referees need to take a
mental picture of the exact
situation as it happens.
21
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
The challenge is one of awareness. It is

important that we recognise that the
player committing the offence has already
received a caution.
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
Second
yellow card
Mike Riley
22
rguably of all the offences for which

a red card is issued, the second
cautionable offence is the one that
should present the least challenge for referees.
We are all aware of the cautionable offences
listed in Law 12 and are regularly called upon
to make judgements throughout the game as
to what is and is not a cautionable offence.
For example, in The FA Premier League
last season there was an average of about
3.5 yellow cards in each game compared to
an average of 0.2 red cards per game.
The mathematics alone suggests that we
are 18 times more likely to be faced with
identifying a cautionable offence than
one requiring a dismissal. Applying this
experience we should be able to recognise
the offence when committed and take the
appropriate action.
So what are the challenges we face in dismissing
a player for a second cautionable offence?
Ensuring consistency
The main challenge is ensuring consistency and
appropriateness of punishment throughout the
game. Players have a right to expect that an
offence that is punished with a caution early in
the game is punished in the same way later in the
game. This is more important when the offence
is committed by the same player and
necessitates their dismissal.
This makes it particularly important that
in issuing those first cautions the referee
establishes an appropriate benchmark.
The majority of cautions are issued for
Unsporting Behaviour which require us to
differentiate between those tackles which are
careless, warranting only a free-kick, and those
that are reckless requiring further sanction.
If we set the benchmark too low we risk too
many cautions and the possibility of dismissing
a player for what is perceived as a cheap,
innocuous or even inappropriate offence. Ideally,

we want the players to recognise that the second
caution is consistent with our previous actions
and that the dismissal is just.
The challenge is one of awareness. It is important
that we recognise that the player committing the
offence has already received a caution. This
awareness is fundamental as it allows the referee
both to manage the situation more efficiently and
ensure that the ultimate punishment is appropriate
to the offence committed.
Influence your decision
Knowing that the offending player is to be
dismissed enables the referee to move more
quickly to isolate the player and prevent any
confrontation. It also enables the referee to issue
the cards more effectively, diffusing any
attempts by both teams to influence your
decision and allowing the offending player to
leave the field with dignity.
The key to this awareness is concentration.
Referees need to remind themselves continually
during the game which players have received
cautions, particularly in those difficult matches
where several cautions have been issued. There
are many opportunities during stoppages to
glance at our notebooks as a reminder or for the
referee to recite the numbers of the players
cautioned as an aide memoir. There really is no
excuse for a referee to be cautioning a player
only to realise as they take the details that Oh,
Ive already cautioned you!
The final duty of the referee in these situations
is to ensure that the disciplinary report details
both offences fully. We should resist the
temptation to report the first offence
superficially and concentrate only on the second
that led to the dismissal. Both offences are
important in establishing that we have been
consistent in dismissing a player for a second
cautionable offence.
ref Facts
Mike Riley
1980
Started refereeing
1989
National List of Assistant
Referees
1994/95
National List of Referees
1996/97
FA Premier League
1997/98
FA Vase Final Referee
1998/99
FA Cup Final Fourth
Official
1999
FIFA International List
2000/01
FA Charity Shield Referee
U-18 European
Championship Referee
2001/02
FA Cup Final Referee
2003/04
Carling Cup Final - Referee
2004
European Championship
Referee
2005/06
Championship Play-Off
Final Referee
23
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
Association
of Elite Sports
Officials (AESO)
FEATURE
This inter-disciplinary approach is an innovative

way of ensuring that professional officiating
skills can be shared and developed.
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
he four major team sports in the United

Kingdom have come together to establish
the Association of Elite Sports Officials
(AESO) to help raise standards of officiating
and work towards an improved perception
and appreciation of the vital role played by
sports officials.
AESO was launched at Twickenham in October
and its main aims are to:
Improve standards of officiating through intersport exchange of ideas and practices
Develop a more positive image of
sports officials
Engender a greater appreciation of the
dedication of sports officials and their key role
in sport
Assist sports governing bodies in recruiting
and retaining sports officials, especially
females, young people and ethnic minorities
Initially, AESOs activities will be led by the
full-time referees and umpires from Football,
Cricket, Rugby Union and Rugby League. The
governing bodies of these four sports support
the initiative and through regular communication
between the sports it is intended that AESO will
make a significant contribution to raising the
standards of officiating, recruiting and retaining
sports officials and changing the publics view of
referees and umpires.
AESO will provide opportunities for full-time
officials of the different sports to exchange
ideas and share their experiences by arranging
conferences, seminars and workshops. This
inter-disciplinary approach is an innovative way
of ensuring that professional officiating skills can
24
be shared and developed to enhance the key

role that officials play in their sports. Improving
the standard of officiating in sport through the
exchange of ideas and practices will underpin all
the work that AESO undertakes.
The medias portrayal of officials significantly
affects the publics perception of the
competence, dedication and role of sports
officials. At times, the medias negativity and
criticism (sometimes ill-informed) contribute
to a poor appreciation of the dedication and
professionalism of sports officials and the vital
role they play in sport. AESO aims to be the voice
of officiating and to work actively to present a
balanced response to events and controversies,
ensuring that the officials perspective is
represented. To be effective in presenting
and explaining the officials line, AESO will be
proactive in addressing the issues facing all
sports and will foster links with other established
sports officials bodies to provide responses to
key events.
AESO will challenge the often negative
caricature of the official and work with governing
bodies and all other stakeholders to tackle the
abuse and lack of appreciation and respect
which discourage people from taking up or
continuing with their officiating, ultimately to the
detriment of the sports concerned.
AESO hopes to play a key role in assisting the
recruitment and retention of sports officials
by making available high profile officials for
recruitment/retention campaigns and arranging
for elite officials to visit schools, youth clubs,
universities etc There will be a strong focus on
recruiting and supporting female, young and
ethnic minority officials.
The Active Members Group (AMG) is made up

of two active full-time officials from each sport
and will meet on a regular basis, working in an
advisory capacity and at an operational level.
At their inaugural meeting, the Active Members
Group focussed on a number of key areas:
Opening up the officiating profession

by removing the mystique surrounding
the official.
Highlighting the positive contribution made
by officials.
Emphasising and supporting the opportunities
officiating brings (especially to young
people), in particular the chance to be actively
involved in sport at the highest domestic and
international levels.
Ensuring that current officials accept their
responsibilities as role models.
Working with the media to try to develop
a more positive image of the sports official.
AESO also has the potential to act as a think
tank for sporting bodies to debate, assess and
propose amendments to laws etc
Through hard work and inter-sport cooperation, AESO aims to make a significant
contribution to sports officiating in the UK
resulting in higher standards of officiating,
a greater number of active sports officials,
and an improved perception and appreciation
of the vital role sports officials play.
AESO Executive Board

Chairman
David Elleray (Football Association)
Vice Chairmen
Stuart Cummings (Rugby League) and
Ed Morrison (Rugby Football Union)
Chief Executive Officer
Chris Kelly (England & Wales Cricket Board)
Technical Director
Keith Hackett (PGMO)
The Active Members Board

Football
Mike Riley and Howard Webb
Cricket
Nigel Llong and Richard Kettleborough
Rugby League
Steve Ganson and Phil Bentham
Rugby Union
Wayne Barnes and Chris White
There follows a series of articles showing how

the four different sports approach dissent.
25
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
DEALING WITH DISSENT
REFEREES
Cricket
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
Nigel Llong
ECB Full List Umpire and ICC International Panel Umpire
THE REFEREES
or clarification, dissent, as written in the

ICC Code of Conduct for Players and Team
Officials, is divided into two levels; with
the same code used at First Class Level.
THE REFEREES
1. Dissent of an umpires decision by word

or action
2. Serious dissent of an umpires decision
by word or action
In todays sporting culture

players are not quite as quick
to accept a ruling.
Many officials of all sports will contest that

dissent is dissent and will be steadfast in
upholding their views. On occasions when
dealing with (non serious) dissent, a quiet word
with the player or his coach is usually more
beneficial than the heavy handed approach,
however serious dissent should always be
reported. The protocol we use at first class level
is that the player and his representative (captain,
coach) are required to attend a hearing held by
the two umpires at the end of that day's play.
A Code of Conduct report form is filled in stating
the events that took place, with the accused
having the right to reply through the form.
The offence is graded over four levels. Players
can acquire a series of points through dissent
and other offences. A player who acquires
over nine points during a two year period will
face a disciplinary panel. Any umpire of the
International Playing Control Team (of which
there are four) can lay a charge against a player
or team management. The match referee will
then hold the hearing and lay down the penalty
as per ICC guidelines.
Failure to report an incident is letting your

colleagues, the governing body and the game
down. Not only does dissent undermine
the Official, it also can severely disrupt the
atmosphere and even the flow of a game. It is
important to deal with all incidents, ensuring that
you are not allowing the player to become
a serial offender.
In todays sporting culture players are not quite
as quick to accept a ruling. Many of the problems
regarding dissent arise from a lack of respect
for the official and the game. Added to that,
players' earnings have increased hugely over the
last decade, which in itself creates a great deal
of pressure to perform. Players are much more
likely to argue a ruling if they know their place in
the squad and earnings will be affected through
a poor performance on the field. Fortunately
officials now have televised replays showing the
dissent, making it more difficult for the players
to contest the decision or gain the crowds
sympathy when the big replay screen captures
the play in question.
However, it is important to remember that
officials and equipment are not infallible and
genuine errors can be made. The governing
bodies and officials will always act in a fair and
just manner and attempt to resolve issues in
a professional environment and further the
development of the game.
umpire Facts
Nigel Llong is an ECB
Full List Umpire and ICC
International Panel Umpire.
He played for Kent CCC
and his highest first class
score was 130.
1996
Played in the Benson
& Hedges Final, Kent
vs Surrey
2000
Started umpiring on the
ECB Reserve List
2002
Promoted to the ECB
Full List
2004
Appointed as ICC
TV Umpire
2006
Appointed to the full
International Panel
Nigel Llong (left) taking the field at Lord's with Darryl Hair
26
27
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
we have the use of the

Sin Bin, where a yellow
REFEREEING
AT THE FA
card
is shown
to the
player and he is ordered
off the field for a period
TRAINING
of FITNESS
ten &minutes.
rugby league
Ashley Klein
Rugby League Match Official
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
28
ugby League has always been in a unique

position, where the respect afforded to
officials is something instilled into the
mindset of players at grassroots level. This does
not mean that it doesnt crop up throughout
the course of a match as, like all professional
sports people, Rugby League players are also
passionate and sometimes overstep
the mark.
One of the strengths of our sport is dealing
with dissent, with the RFL handing down the
appropriate disciplinary action to offenders and
supporting the Match Officials and their actions
during a game.
In Rugby League, we look to pick up any direct
dissent directed at any of the on-field officials
(referee and touch judges). The first type of
dissent is where players are mouthing off in
an aggressive manner directly at the official/s;
this differs from a player asking a question.
Our approach is purely on a respect basis, if a
player shows the official respect then the referee
will show that player the same level of respect
back. However, if the player is only going to be
aggressive and unmanageable then the referee
must deal with this form of dissent. The other
form of dissent that is required to be dealt with
is visual where a player makes gestures through
use of their hands to display frustration; this form
of dissent is a greater indicator to the fans as its
visual dissent for all to see and its important that
its dealt with.
As officials we have the initial penalty if a player
disputes a decision either verbally or visually.
If a penalty has already been awarded we are
afforded the opportunity to advance the mark

10 metres, once. This is a huge advantage for the
non-offending team, as figures suggest that on
the back of a penalty being awarded points are
scored between 60-70% of the time.
In most instances the penalty and/or the
advancing of the mark is enough to ensure
that players immediately stop, either through
showing their own self control or having a teammate step in to assist and ensure that the player
goes no further. If, however, the player continues
to display dissent, we have processes in place
after giving the player two opportunities to show
control, we have the use of the Sin Bin, where
a yellow card is shown to the player and he is
ordered off the field for a period of ten minutes.
This is a huge loss for a side, as defending with
a player down not only has an adverse effect
during that ten minute period but also for the
remainder of the game as a result of the extra
energy expended by the other players covering
from being a player short.
In rare cases, if the player continues with
dissent after being sent to the Sin Bin the
referee can dismiss the player from the field for
the entire match, by producing the red card.
A lot of preventative measures are taken by
the referee during the course of a match by
engaging the captain. Making it the captain's
responsibility to control his players, usually
works in that it shows that the referee is
attempting to work with the players and is not
looking to react hastily. Our working relationship
with the captains is one of our main strengths
when stepping out onto the field.
REF Facts
Ashley Klein is a
full-time rugby league
match official. He was
educated in Australia
and previously worked as
a Systems Test Analyst
before moving to England
and becoming Match
Officials Development
Officer for the RFL.
2005
Named as the Powergen
Referee of the Year
2006
Gillette International
Referee of the Year
2008
Rugby League World Cup
Final Referee
29
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
rugby UNION
FITNESS & TRAINING
Andrew Small
Rugby Union Match Official
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
Dont leave it to someone

else to deal with. United
we stand, divided we fall.
30
ithin rugby circles we have always

looked on and thought how other
sports were so envious of rugby
referees and how much control they have
over the players during any game. To a certain
degree this is a positive approach by referees
to the game and the players, but a tremendous
deal of credit must go to those players,
coaches, supporters and administrators in the
English game.
We as rugby referees do not have the same
issues as football when dealing with dissent,
as cases and actions by players are few
and far between. A referee is expected to
communicate with players as he/she would wish
to be communicated with. We have very good
relationships with players and coaches across
several divisions and the players are taught from
an early age to respect each other, respect the
game and respect the referee.
As a former Head of Sport in a Prep school,
I know our values in the game are bought into
by all. As an elite match official I have a direct
responsibility to the game, to ensure that it is
played in the right spirit. To this end the players
also have to respect their responsibilities towards
the match officials.
The Captain is the first member of the team
to deal with. We often inform him/her of issues
relating to their team, including vociferous
players. The second option is to communicate
with the player and or penalise him/her.
Often a quiet word with them directly can appease

the situation. Thirdly, a player can be yellow
carded; within Rugby Union this carries a penalty
of ten minutes in the Sin Bin. This gives the
opposition a numerical advantage for those ten
minutes. And finally a red card can be shown to a
player for depending on the degree of the dissent.
Within rugby we have no hard and fast rule on
the use of sanctions and cards. Every referee
understands the spirit of the game and the way
it is to be played. We also believe that we should
not leave the issue of player dissent solely to
the referee. As elite match officials we share
a collective understanding of our role in the
domestic game.
One issue we experience is that of
microphones. Several grounds around England
use RefLink. The system allows spectators to
hear the referee directly and also the players
can be heard through the unit as well. This places
more responsibility on us to deal with dissent
and the way the players talk to each other
and the referee. Televised matches see the
referees voice broadcast to the viewers at home.
The pressure on the referees management
can be the difference between good and very
good officials.
With the very nature of our physical game there
are flash points that can occur in a variety of
situations. The IRB (International Rugby Board)
has increased the role of Assistant Referees
which gives us two more sets of eyes when it
comes to managing difficult players in the game.
ref Facts
Andrew Small is a full time
Rugby Union referee.
1993
Began refereeing
2002
Continued referee career
in England
2004-2005
U19 Rugby World Cup
Referee
2006
Refereed The Churchill
Cup Made Guinness
Premiership Debut
2007/8-2008/9
Refereed IRB International
Sevens Series
2007
Made Heineken Cup debut
31
FOREWORD
FEATURE
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
Doing nothing is not an option.
football
Howard Webb
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
32
assion plays a big part in making

Association Football the popular sport
that it is. The game provokes feelings of
happiness and disappointment, joy and
frustration. Emotions are stirred the
organisers of the Euro 2008 Finals told us to
Expect Emotions when adopting this phrase
as the tournaments official slogan. And of
course the game creates debate not every
decision is clear cut. Everybody is entitled to
an opinion but The Laws of Association
Football dictate that it is only the opinion of
the referee which matters, and it is final.
However, the passionate nature of the game
means the participants opinions are sometimes
made known to others!
Its generally accepted that it is reasonable for a
player to show mild disappointment without the
need for formal action by the referee. We all know
how much the game matters to everybody involved
but any show of disappointment needs to be instant
and not excessive. A key task of the referee is to
recognise and distinguish between reasonable
disappointment and acts of dissent which challenge
the match officials authority.
Dealing with dissent/disappointment is a little like
dealing with fouls the severity and the degree of
intent are important elements to consider.
Sometimes, a stepped approach
(quiet word - public rebuke - caution) can be used,
although not every step in the disciplinary ladder
has to be taken. The referee needs to react firmly
but appropriately.
Consider a scenario where a player makes critical
comment loud enough for those in immediate
earshot to hear (including the referee) but not
beyond that. He is not acting out of disappointment
and action is needed as unchecked, his comments
are likely to escalate. A quiet word may be
appropriate. Should he repeat these actions, a
public rebuke and/or use of the captain to assist in
managing the player can have a great impact as any
subsequent yellow card has credibility in everyones
eyes - well, the ref did warn him! The yellow card
has a real deterrent value, even though the players
actions seemed relatively minor and may not, in
isolation, have undermined the referees authority.
However, had the player, in the first instance,
waved his arms in the air demonstratively, slammed
the ball into the ground in disgust or angrily kicked it
away, run to an assistant referee to remonstrate or
suggested that he needed glasses then this public
challenge to the match officials authority must be
immediately sanctioned with a yellow card. This
sends out a clear message that such actions are not
acceptable. Doing nothing is not an option.
Referees should be pro-active and identify at an
early stage when players are becoming frustrated.
Well chosen words at the right time can assist in
calming a player or in gaining their co-operation.
Communication is vital in gaining players trust and
respect. However, talking too much or at the wrong
time can be seen as a sign of weakness/uncertainty
thereby encouraging dissent. When making key
decisions use strong body language and clear
signals to let everybody know that the decision is not
open to debate. After the incident you can do your
talking off the ball. Dont be afraid to acknowledge
from time to time that a mistake may have been
made or that you cant see everything as this will
show your human side. Players will generally
respond positively to this if you dont do it too often
and wait for the outcome of that phase of play
before admitting your mistake!
All dissent needs to be addressed. The Laws of the
Game give you the powers to take disciplinary
action but you can also use a wide range of
management skills to ensure that your actions have
credibility and are accepted. By distinguishing
between disappointment and dissent, dealing
strongly with public shows of disagreement, taking
a stepped approach to less public acts, and being
pro-active too, you should be able to maintain
your authority.
Remember, if left unchecked, dissent is like a cancer
which will grow and undermine your control.
REF Facts
Howard Webb
2001
Promoted to National
List Referee
2003
Promoted to Select
Group Referee
2005
Promoted to FIFA Referee
Community Shield Referee
2007
FIFA World U20 Finals
Referee
Worthington Cup Final
Referee
2008
UEFA European
Championship Finals
Referee
33
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
The warm up is a crucial period prior to

any exercise bout, whether it is training
or a competitive match.
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
Avoiding injury in
winter conditions
Matthew Weston BSc (Hons) MSc CSCS
uring the winter months there are a few

key training principles that should be
adhered to in order to help avoid injury
when refereeing and training.
First and foremost, in order to help prevent
injury and to maximise performance during
matches and training sessions, especially
during the winter months, it is important that
the body is physiologically prepared for
exercise. This can only be achieved via a
thorough warm-up.
The warm-up is a crucial period prior to any
exercise bout, whether it is training or a
competitive match, as it prepares a referee
both physiologically and psychologically for
the forthcoming exercise. From a physiological
perspective it is crucial to warm-up as sports
science research has demonstrated that this
enhances subsequent exercise performance
and in turn helps to avoid injury.
There are a number of physiological reasons
as to why this is and these revolve around an
increase in muscle (and whole body)
temperature and also an increase in blood flow
to the exercising muscles. Research has
consistently demonstrated that warm muscles
perform better than cold muscles and they are
also less likely to get injured, especially during
the initial stages of a training session or match.
34
THERE SHOULD BE FOUR

DISTINCT PHASES TO A WARM-UP
1. Cardiovascular warm-up: this should
ideally consist of jogging two laps of the
pitch, gradually building your heart rate
up to 85% of maximum ( 5).
2. Dynamic mobility exercises performed
over ideally a 10-15m course. Exercises to
include are: heel raises, high knees, lateral
stepping, skipping, backwards jogging,
side shuffling, hurdle walks (in to out &
out to in) and grapevine. Repeat x3-4 for
each exercise, jogging slowly back to the
start after each individual exercise.
3. Dynamic mobility and individual
stretching routines.
4. High-Intensity activities to finish off:
x2-3 10m sprints at 80% max speed
x2-3 20m sprints at 80% max speed
x2-3 10m sprints at max speed
x2-3 20m sprints at max speed
jog slowly back to the start after
each repetition
Along with an increase in muscle and core

temperature, a warm-up serves to improve
performance in many different ways:
On increase in the amount of oxygen (which is
used for energy production and regeneration)
delivered to the working muscles as a warm up
progresses increasing heart rate which in turn
increases the amount of blood pumped to the
working muscles.
An increase in the amount of oxygen that is
extracted from the blood at working muscles.
All muscle contractions are initiated via nerve
messages and these messages travel faster
at higher temperatures. Therefore muscle
contractions are more forceful and rapid
following a warm-up.
The stiffness of the synovial fluid around a joint
has been demonstrated to decrease following
a rise in body and muscle temperature
following a warm-up thus enabling joints to
move more freely during exercise. This helps
to decrease the risk of injury during the early
stages of exercise by promoting more efficient
movements.
It is important to stress that the warm-up prior
to exercise should be sufficient enough to raise
temperatures and increase blood flow without
depleting energy stores and causing fatigue.
Exercise should then commence as soon

as possible after the end of the warm-up.
A thorough 10-15 cool down after exercise is also
recommended as this will help return the body to
its pre-exercise state in a safe and healthy manner.
Other important considerations when training
during the winter months are footwear and
clothing. Well designed running shoes should be
worn throughout the training year in order to
prevent injury. However, when training in colder
conditions it is important that training shoes have
a full grip to help reduce any possibility of slipping
on wet and icy surfaces whilst running. Also, be
sure to wear clothing that will help to regulate
body temperature. For example, many sportswear
companies now produce purposely designed
training wear for the winter months. If such
clothing is not available then lightweight (and
waterproof), multiple layers of clothing trap more
body heat than one bulky layer. Several layers of
clothing allow you to add or subtract layers
according to your comfort whilst training.
During the winter months protecting your
extremities is one of the most important
considerations. Therefore a good pair of sports
gloves is recommended as are a comfortable,
thick pair of socks. A comfortable hat will also
help to reduce the heat loss that occurs
from the head.
REF Facts
Matthew Weston
graduated from Liverpool
John Moores University
with both a BSc and MSc
degree in Sports Science.
He commenced work as
a full-time Sports Scientist
before starting work with
match officials.
1998
Began working with
the English Premier
and Football League
match officials
2000
Started part-time work
with the Premier League
as the referees Sports
Scientist
2006
Appointed as a Fitness
Coach for the FIFA
World Cup
2007
Invited to lecture at the 6th
World Congress of Science
& Football
35
35
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
Ive always lived in a

football environment.
WHEN
SATURDAY
COMES
An insight into
the footballing life
of Joe Simpson
or most lads growing up in a footballers

family the thought of going into
refereeing probably wouldnt ever enter
their heads. This was the case for many years
with Joe, son of Shrewsbury manager
Paul Simpson, whilst playing local football from
the age of eight.
However, he openly admits the realisation
of not being able to achieve the heights of the
Premier League and Football league like his Dad,
and brother Jake, 18, second year YTS player at
Blackburn Rovers, left a big dilemma for him.
Joe said: Ive always lived in a football
environment, with Dad playing and then
managing at Rochdale, Carlisle, Preston and
now Shrewsbury, so I know the tension the
game brings.
Ive experienced the countdown to Saturday,
how he would prepare and how he would meet
the demands of the pressure.
It was all a tremendous influence on my life.
It was this very influence that led to Joe taking
up the whistle in exchange for the dream of the
more glamorous world of playing. He added:
Ive always had the dream of experiencing that
buzz myself. Ive always wanted the whole living
for Saturday feeling and to be able to perform in
the best stadiums, in front of huge crowds with
the best players, something his Dad achieved in
a career spanning 25 years, with seven different
clubs including top flight spells with Man City
and Derby, as well as numerous England youth
and Under-21 caps.
36
It was through Paul and his Dad (Joes

grandfather) that the idea of refereeing was
first raised whilst watching Carlisle. It had got
to a stage where Dad was finishing playing
and although I still supported him it wasnt the
same not seeing him out there. One week, after
another decision seemingly cost the club a win,
I was talking with Dad and he commented that
refereeing is very hard but it is a great career
to have. A couple of weeks later I was on the
course, Joe stated.
Understand the way players think
Paul said: I have to say I was a bit shocked when
he decided to take up refereeing, but he has
surprised me with how well he has coped, and
progressed through the levels. He has always
been a really keen player and fan, and his
knowledge of the game, and the life in football,
seems to help him understand the way players
think and behave.
As well as presenting Joe with the idea to be a
referee, its evident he has learnt more than the
buzz of a Saturday from his dads playing
career. Dad has always been a true professional
in the way he conducts himself on and off the
pitch, and weve always been taught that with
the right attitude we can achieve anything,
whatever that is in. I have taken a lot from that
and even now I try to prepare for games in a
professional manner, just things like eating
properly before matches and making sure Im fit.
I have quite a set routine now which I think
helps me come kick off as it means Im focused
on the task in hand.
REF Facts
Joe is a promising
young referee, and is
just 19 years old.
He is currently studying
for Sports Science degree
at Liverpool John Moores
University.
2004
Started Refereeing aged 15
Gained consecutive
promotions to Level 5
2007
Promoted to Level 4
aged 17
37
REFEREES
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
My routine usually involves making sure Ive slept

well and that my kit is all packed the day before;
I plan my food for the day around the kick-off time.
For example, for 3pm Ill eat breakfast earlier so I
can have lunch earlier. There is nothing worse than
not eating or eating too close to the game. I always
remember when I was younger that what we got
for dinner, and the time depended on the time to
the next game.
Appreciate both sides of the argument
I think my refereeing benefits from having seen
so many games of football as I think it has
provided me with a good reading of the game,
despite still being young. You also learn how to
appreciate both sides of the argument and
develop an appreciation of what is the best way
to manage players and the different types you
come across.
This sort of background can be crucial when
you want to progress as there are so many good
referees out there and I know how well I must do
to progress up the ladder. I think this can help
balance out some of the problems I can face due
to my age, as I look young for my age, and you
can get the old ex-pros and the like trying to
push you that bit further.
Not one to shy away from his weaknesses, the
19-year-old appreciates that man-management is
definitely the most difficult thing for a man of

such a young age. Its the thing Ive found
hardest as in non-league football you meet the
players whove been through it all and like to
keep trying to put things in your head to push
you into decisions. As a young referee it can
often be the thing you need to learn to deal with
the most in order to progress. However, it can be
done and you look at lads like Michael Oliver and
Stuart Attwell doing so well to see that if you
work hard enough you can progress quickly.
Saturday evenings in the Simpson household
can often bring very interesting discussions and
both Joe and Paul talked interestingly of how
different their opinions can be on decisions that
have occurred either in Shrewsbury games or on
highlights of other games.
Laughing, Joe mentions: Dad can often be
wound up by something thats happened and its
interesting how I can see it from a different
perspective to what the rest of them do.
However, part of me is also on his side as thats
the view Ive had and so I can often agree.
It can get quite serious sometimes and there
is the occasion where we cant agree, but that
just shows how much opinion is involved in
decisions, which ultimately is why it can be so
hard for referees as not everyone will agree with
a single decision.
Paul replied: The discussions are sometimes

heated, depending on the performance of my
games referee! I can see Joes side of the
argument but maybe Saturday night I am still a
bit raw. I think more than actually agreeing with
the decisions Joe can often put across what the
officials were possibly thinking. Even when we
both see its wrong it just means I can appreciate
what the referee is trying to do.
Very competitive
After passing his exam in 2004 Joe refereed in
Cumbria until Pauls move to Preston saw him
move to Lancashire, where after six months he
gained his level 4 aged just 17, something Joe
recognises isnt easy. I was very lucky from the
start as I had some great people helping me get
started, such as Geoff Turrell (Cumberland FA),
Chris Backhouse and all the lads at Carlisle RA
and later the Lancashire FA. They helped me
develop and gave me the belief that I could
referee at level 4.
However, it wasnt as easy as I thought when I
came down to Lancashire. This level is very
competitive and with a lot of good referees
around, I soon realised that I was going to have
to work very hard and wasnt going to cruise
straight up. Im currently refereeing on the North
West Counties Division One and lining on the
Contributory leagues and it is evident week in,

week out seeing lads whove been at this level
for a lot longer than Ive even been refereeing,
how difficult it will be.
However, I do definitely want to progress as
far as I can go in the future. I know with a lot of
work, given my young age, that Ive got a great
opportunity given the way The FA is encouraging
young lads like me to progress. I havent got a
limit to where I want to get to as I would like to
go all the way, but Im sure that everyone does.
For now Im just focusing on enjoying my
refereeing and the opportunities it gives me, and
hopefully Ill get a bit of luck to help me on my
way if I keep at it.
What is pleasing is to see that the father-son
relationship has helped Paul appreciate referees:
The role of a referee is constantly been
hammered, but if all young refs can be as
enthusiastic to be the best that they can, as Joe
is, then the standard has got to improve. Its a
very difficult job but with the right guidance I am
sure we can all work to make the standard better
and ultimately improve our game.
Maybe this case could pave the way for more
sons and families of players and managers; thus
benefiting refereeing through not just numbers
but helping to educate the family members on
the pitch.
I have to say I was a bit shocked

when he decided to take up
refereeing, but he has surprised
me how well he has coped, and
progressed through the levels.
Paul Simpson, Shrewsbury Town Manager.
38
39
REFEREES
MY
Olympic
Experience
I can say that my 23 days at the Olympics in

Beijing was the most fantastic experience
in my refereeing career so far.
FITNESS & TRAINING
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
Una Hong
FIFA Referee
Una Hong, Korean Republic and FIFA Referee,

studying and refereeing in England, reports on
her Olympic experience.
o be involved in the Olympics is a dream

for those who love sport. When I
registered for a new referees course in
South Korea in 1999, I had several goals that I
wanted to achieve in the future. One of these
goals was to attend the 2008 Olympics and in
April this year I learnt that I was selected to
officiate at the womens football event in China.
A few months passed and finally I was on the
plane on the way to Beijing. The flight took
approximately 10 hours before we arrived in the
most populated country (1.3 billion) in the world.
The refereeing team trained on the pitch at the
Beijing Union University and the session was led
by FIFA Fitness Instructors in very hot and humid
conditions. We also participated in technical
training, which takes place at all FIFA
Tournaments. We worked on scenarios such as
whether fouls were committed inside or outside
the penalty area, positioning, off-sides, control of
the technical area, etc. It was essential that we
concentrated 100% as these situations could arise
in our games.
Back at the hotel we took part in a mental
preparation session. Two psychologists provided
great advice, preparing us to perform to the best
of our abilities with positive thinking, confidence
and the optimum level of nervousness.
Our appointments were released two days
before the opening match. I was selected to
referee China v Sweden. I was teamed with two
Australian assistant referees in the group matches.
I could not wait to referee my first game I had
prepared so hard and was eager to get started.
Victory for the hosts
The match took place in Tianjin. Thanks to the
new fast train, it took us only half an hour from
Beijing rather than the usual four hours. On arrival
in Tianjin we checked in at the hotel, ate some
lunch and then took some rest before heading to
the stadium. When we arrived at the Tianjin Sport
Centre Stadium 90 minutes before kick-off, the
38,000 supporters were full of excitement and
expectation following the previous match
between Canada and Argentina.
Finally, the match kicked off and China scored
after just six minutes which increased the noise
level in the stadium dramatically! Sweden
40
equalised towards the end of the first half but a

goal from Hun Duan put China back in front and
the match ended with a victory for the hosts.
Another exciting opportunity came my way
when I was invited to attend the Opening
Ceremony. As I reached the Birds Nest Stadium
my emotions rose with anticipation. I took lots of
photos in front of the stadium, which was
constructed with a very unique design, and then
entered. Performances and music kept us
entertained until the athletes parade began.
As a South Korean, I became quite emotional
when our athletes came out on to the track in
176 position out of 204 countries. The ceremony
concluded with the lighting of the Olympic
Cauldron followed by a firework display.
My second refereeing appointment was Nigeria
v Brazil at the Beijing Workers Stadium. The
stadium was almost full and the atmosphere
was beyond words. As it was the last day of the
group stage, the pressure on the teams was high.
I awarded a penalty kick to Nigeria mid-way
through the first half which they converted.
However, the outstanding skill of the Brazilians
meant that they went on to overturn the deficit
and win the game 3 1.
A dream come true
Having travelled back from Shenyang where I was
appointed fourth official in the Quarter Final
match between Sweden and Germany, the
appointments were about to be released for the
Semi-Finals. I was stunned to hear my name
called out! I cant express that moment in words.
To be appointed as referee for an Olympic
Semi-Final was definitely a dream come true.
The next day my team flew to Shanghai for the
match. I took a deep breath and blew the whistle
to signal the start of the Semi-Final. The Germans
started better, scoring the first goal in the tenth
minute but Brazils creativity and composure
improved as time went on and the match finished
with a 4 1 victory for Brazil. It was such an
honour and pleasure to referee two of the top
teams on the Olympic stage.
I can say that my 23 days at the Olympics
in Beijing was the most fantastic experience
in my refereeing career so far. I truly enjoyed
every minute of it. Not only had I enjoyed the
refereeing but also the friendship and support
amongst the refereeing team. The experience
of the 2008 Beijing Olympics will remain in my
memory forever.
REF Facts
Education
BSc, Sports Science, Ewha
Womens University, Seoul,
South Korea
Master, Business
Administration, Ewha
Womens University, Seoul,
South Korea
PhD candidate, Sport
Policy, Loughborough
University, U.K.
Refereeing
Jan 2003- present: FIFA
Referee (The youngest
FIFA Referee ever in
South Korea)
Nov 2004
FIFA U19 Womens
Championship, Thailand
Aug.2006
FIFA U20 Womens
Championship, Russia
Dec 2006
Asian Games, Doha
Aug 2008
Beijing Olympics
Nov 2005 -present
Level 4 referee in the U.K.
Highlight
16 Aug. 2008: Semi-final in
Beijing Olympics between
Brazil and Germany
41
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
International
Declaration
of fees
Instructors
Course
John Folwell
FA County Business Development Manager
Ian Blanchard
FA Head of National Referee Development
have been made aware that some referees

across the Country have been written to
directly by HMR&C in relation to the
declaration of fees.
I am sure you are aware that Referees,
instructors and assessors are not employed
by the County and therefore you are self
employed and it is your responsibility to declare
any income. Now, if I were a referee then I would
be making records of match fees and expenses
after each game.
I would expect that if you are a referee at a
grassroots level, then you could incur a self
employed trading loss, which could then be offset
against any income. In fact, it is likely that you
would be in a position for a tax repayment.
I have outlined a few vital points and
how you could account for your match
fee and expenses.
Make sure that you declare all income from
refereeing. It is a matter for you to inform
HMR&C of your status
On this basis I would expect the allowable
expenses to exceed any income.
I hope you find this useful and if you have any
further question please do not hesitate to
contact me at john.folwell@thefa.com
42
ENSURE THAT YOU RECORD AND

DECLARE ALL EXPENDITURE
Registration and subscription fees

Kit including fitness training
Laundry expenses
Training expenses
Accountancy fees if applicable
Insurance(likely to be part of your
registration, but you may have additional)
Mileage expenses at approved mileage
rates including travel for:

- Refereeing
- CPD Training
- Attending society meetings
- Attending fitness training
Training publications
Postage and stationery costs
Flat rate allowance for use of home
for admin at 156 pa w.e.f 06.04.08
(this would probably only be applicable
to those referees who are officiating at
the higher levels of non-league football)
Computer expenses and capital
allowances for on-line filing of reports
Anything else that is considered
appropriate
he FA Referee Department's 18th

International Instructors course was held
at a new location, Dunchurch Park Hotel
and Conference Centre. A grand old building,
steeped in tradition, was the backdrop of a
hugely successful week. 41 participants from
22 countries from across the world came to
England to develop their skills and knowledge
to enable them to transfer their experiences to
referees in their respective countries. Countries
represented included Australia, Ghana,
Denmark and Trinidad & Tobago.
There were two courses running alongside each
other. We had 23 participants on the International
Course and 18 on the Advanced Course which is
designed to offer higher-level education training
for people directly responsible, in their respective
associations, for the education and development
of referees.
It was a tough week in which participants were
asked to work long into the night preparing both
inside and outside teaching activities. Main sessions
were offered on the mechanics of preparing and
presenting as well as the principles of Generic
Tutor Training. The Group Instructors, the seven
Regional Managers, superbly supported by Craig
Cox (Devon) and George McCaffery (Wiltshire)
were fundamental to the success of the course.
They worked closely with each participant, offering
advice, guidance and developing action plans for
the future.
On the Tuesday of the course a Championship
match was observed during which the groups
were given different tasks to perform. This
resulted in an in-depth analysis of the match
officials' performance, as well as offering
participants information on various assessment
tools and techniques.
An exhausting week but a great week in which

many new friends were made. To sum up the
feelings of the course and the impact it has on
these wonderful people I attach feedback from
Con, a participant on the course from Australia.
Dear Friends,
I have addressed the
week was not just ab above as such Dear Friends, as the
ou
new friendships deve t working hard on the course, but
loped along the way
.
Yes the course was a
professional way, th success and it was done in such a
e
Instructors with all FA must be commended especially the
of their knowledge
an
manner that they
showed out standi d enthusiastic
ng:!
There were also man
y
with such many ex friends made during the week and
citing memories that
will last a long tim
e.
With the World in su
shared a common go ch disarray at the moment we all
al
with each other wit , to work along side and live along sid
h
e
together as a TEA people from different races all working
M
One Community, th as the motto says One Game,
e week I will never
forget.
43
REFEREES
FITNESS & TRAINING
Referee
Development
Officers
FEATURE
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
Ian Blanchard
FA Head of National Referee Development
The personal, hands on approach

by the RDO is certainly enticing
and encouraging referees back
into the game.
44
o nearly a year has passed since the

National Game released funding to
support the employment of Referee
Development Officers. I am pleased to
announce that we now have 49 in place, most
of whom are full-time, but some are part-time
and in one case a RDO also carries out the role
of a County Welfare Officer.
There is little doubt that the RDO, supported
by the Referee Regional Manager, is important to
achieving our goal of 8,000 new and active referees
by 2012. A tall task, but one that is achievable.
I am already receiving some really positive

news on new initiatives based on retention and
recruitment that are having the desired effect in
counties. The personal, hands-on approach by
the RDO is certainly enticing and encouraging
referees back into the game or stopping referees
from leaving.
They have a clear focus to retain referees
as well as to recruit new ones. There is much
emphasis on the Respect Programme, which
according the anecdotal information I have
is having a positive effect on our game for
referees. The Get into Refereeing campaign

has already enticed people to take up the whistle
and the new recruit a Friend campaign should
encourage existing referees to recruit a new
referee and receive rewards for doing so.
It is early days but I do believe the future looks
bright for refereeing in this country. It will need an
awful lot of hard work but we will be successful.
45
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
increasing
RA MEMBERSHIP
Colin Harris
organisers of local tournaments

are encouraged to invite only
officials who are RAE members.
46
lthough many local referees societies

have experienced difficulties in
recruiting and retaining members, RAE
Board member Colin Harris looks at three areas
which show considerable increases in their
membership figures. Hopefully, others can
follow their examples and will soon be able to
report an upturn in interest.
Lancashire County RA is showing an
encouraging increase of over 10% in their total
membership compared with last year. This can
no doubt be partly attributed to the involvement
of the RA in the very successful North-West
Retention Event run by Lancashire FA RDO
Dean Mohareb, a Level 2 referee, reported in the
last edition of Refereeing. The County FA and
County RA have an excellent relationship and
both bodies work for the benefit of referees,
whether they are on the local parks or higher
up the refereeing ladder. TheLRA has a Liaison
Officer who sits on the LFA Referees Committee
and the County FA invites the LRA to attend all
meetings of referees.
Two societies, Blackburn (89) and Nelson &
Colne (31) have been particularly successful, each
more than doubling their membership in achieving
the highest numbers for many years. Blackburn is
now among the top five in England and the second
largest Society in Lancashire County RA, hard on
the heels of neighbours Preston.
Good Relationships
Blackburn Secretary Wright Shaw reports that
thanks to the relationship with the County FA,
they have also recruited a number of candidates
from basic courses. FIFA and Select Group
Assistant Referee Mo Matadar is a member of
their executive and through him, they have an
excellent link to provide young officials for the
Blackburn Rovers Academy. Also, organisers of
local tournaments are encouraged to invite only
officials who are RAE members.
Nelson & Colne Secretary Roger King reports
that much of their increase is a result of a course
recently held at Pendle Forest and the support in
recruitment from their local Sunday League.
Burton-on-Trent (Staffs) Society has seen
their membership rise to 71, the highest for
many years, with a 25% increase on last season.
They are rightly very proud of this, much of this
success is due to the hard work of the committee
led by Chairman Roy Burton, now in his 14th
season as a National List Assistant Referee.
Many newcomers are candidates from basic
courses led by Roy Faunch, who have been able
to take advantage of the RAE Centenary offer
of a voucher towards supplies. Mindful of the
importance of recruiting new referees straight
from their basic course, the Committee changed
their meeting night from Monday to Thursday to
coincide with the courses which are held at the

same venue, Washlands Social Club. Once the
course night is finished, candidates are invited
to stay and be part of the meeting to find
out all about being a RAE member. Having
become accustomed to that evening out they
found it easier to continue attending after they
had qualified.
Concentrate on refereeing matters
Although Burton have recently had prominent
speakers such as Ray Olivier and Paul Rejer,
Secretary Karl Jeffries believes that guest
speakers are not that important to the
members. Having changed the format of
meetings to reduce time spent on business
matters, members attending are now able to
concentrate on true refereeing matters, helping
each other interactively.
Moving to the extreme South-West, although
smaller and more rural in comparison, Falmouth
& Helston with a membership of 36 are also able
to boast their highest for many years, with an
increase of more than 16% on last season.
Treasurer Steve Rose has led the recruitment
drive by phoning round referees in the area,
reminding them of the importance of being
a member of the RAE, in particular of the
insurance benefits.
Being somewhat remote, the Society is unable
to attract many visitors, but the members are
a strong unit, many travelling some distance to
help each other though discussion at meetings,
looking to National List Assistant Mark Philpott
as a role model, especially for the newer and
younger element. There are also a number of
ex-Football League players living in the area with
stories to tell.
Again, there is a good team of Officers at the
helm including Secretary Bob Hartnell, Chairman
Steve Lawrence, Vice-Chairman Gerald Munden
and, now in his 45th season as an assessor,
President Jim OBrien.
REF Facts
1978
Qualified as referee in 1978
after moving to Bristol.
1986 1989
Started refereeing on
Bristol & District League,
progressed to Western
League and onto the Panel
League line.
1990
Ran the line twice on
Football Combination
matches at Highbury,
where as a boy Colin
attended every home
match with his father.
1991
Started assessing .
1998
Became a Licensed
Instructor and
Gloucestershire FA County
Training Officer.
2006
Became Gloucestershire
FA Assessor Co-ordinator
and spends most
Saturdays assessing at
Supply League level.
(Photo shows from left: Karl Jeffries (Burton RA Secretary)

Best Burton Sunday League Referee, Roy Burton with the
shield for most increased membership and Colin Blockley
Burton & District FA Best Referee.)
2007
Elected to the Board of
the RAE.
47
THE REFEREES
THE REFEREES
RIGHT
TO PLAY
D
uring the Summer, RAE members Jim

Haynes (Colchester), Keith Barron, Andy
Pilbrow and Dean Scott (all Chelmsford)
volunteered their services to officiate at the
Right To Play World Cup held at Stamford
Bridge, the home of Chelsea FC.
14 teams from across London came together for
a day-long football tournament on the hallowed
turf of one of the worlds leading football clubs.
They played with passion, with skill (some of
the time!), and they played in the knowledge
that the money they paid to enter would make
a meaningful difference to children from the
most disadvantaged communities around the
world, thanks to the work of Right To Play. Games
started at 10 a.m with a 7-a-side format for the
two groups of round robins, and 11-a-side for the
semi-finals, plate final and grand final, finishing
at 6.30p.m. The four officials were on duty
throughout this time, and contributed to a highly
successful day, in which a staggering 120,000
was raised for the Charity and its good works.
Right To Play is an athlete-driven international

humanitarian organisation that uses sport and
play as a tool for development of children and
youth affected by poverty, war and disease in
the most disadvantaged areas of the world. It is
supported by an international team of Sportsmen
and women such as Matthew Pinsent, Ian Thorpe,
Haile Gebreselassie, Carolina Kluft and Martina
Hingis who generously donate their time to
support its programmes. Right To Play UK recently
signed a six-year partnership with Chelsea FC,
to contribute to its fundraising achievements,
with Joe Cole, Michael Essien, Salomon Kalou
and Frank Lampard as Ambassadors committed
to supporting Right To Play programmes in the
countries of implementation.
do you really
know the LAWs?
Neale Barry
FA Head of Senior Referee Development
question 1
A defending player standing on the goal

line between the goal posts deliberately
punches the ball to prevent it from going
into goal but only succeeds in punching
the ball into the goal.
What action do you take?
question 2
A defending player jumps towards an

opponent who has the ball under control
with both feet off the ground. The
defenders feet make contact with the
shins of the opponent and clearly miss
the ball.
When children play,

the world wins
question 3
The ball is cleared up field by the

goalkeeper following a corner kick. All the
outfield players, except one attacker, run
towards the centre circle but the remaining
attacker punches the goalkeeper with a
clenched fist in the face.
question 4
Two opposing players make a genuine

effort to challenge for a ball and in doing
so one catches his opponent on the head
as he tries to head the ball.
Showing the red card to Ron Chopper Harris, who was host for the day, from the left
Andy Pilbrow (Chelmsford), Keith Barron (Chelmsford), Jim Haynes (Colchester) and Dean Scott (Chelmsford)
48
Find the answers to these questions on the next page.
49
Respect
Referee
Game
One match in three is played without a
referee because of abuse from players.
Isnt it time to show

some Respect?
Answers to Do You Really Know The Laws

Questions on page 49
Answer 1
Allow the goal and caution the player for
unsporting behaviour. Although the offending
player tried to deny a goal, he was unsuccessful
so a caution is the appropriate sanction.
Answer 2
As the ball is in play and this challenge is made
with excessive force, you will send off the
offender for serious foul play.
Answer 3
Although the ball was in play when the offence
occurred, it was well away from the action, so
the offender must be sent off for violent conduct
and the game restarted with a direct free kick
from where the offence occurred.
Answer 4
As there is contact, you must award a direct free
kick to the team of the player who tried to head
the ball and take no further action as his action
was clearly only careless and not reckless or with
excessive force.
TheFA.com/Respect
50
The Referees Association

1 Westhill Road
Coundon
Coventry
CV6 2AD
T: +44 (0)20 7745 4545

F: +44 (0)20 7745 4546
E: info@TheFA.com
T: +44 (0)2476 601 701

F: +44 (0)2476 601 556
E: ra@footballreferee.org
TheFA.com/FALearning
FA Learning Hotline: 0870 8500424
www.footballreferee.org
4393/08
FA Learning
The Football Association
25 Soho Square
London
W1D 4FA

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Refereeing

Joint publication of FA Learning and The RA

Volume 08 January 2009

OFFICIAL REFEREES PARTNER

To register e-mail FAMOA@TheFA.com or call 0207 745 4651

Partnership with the professional game

The No.1 challenge at grassroots level

Recognising foul challenges

Serious foul play or violent conduct

Abuse - why should we put up with it?

Denial of obvious goal scoring opportunities

Second yellow card

Association of Elite Sports Officials

Dealing with dissent - Cricket

Dealing with dissent - Rugby League

Dealing with dissent - Rugby Union

Dealing with dissent - Football

Avoiding injury in winter conditions

When Saturday comes

International instructors course

Referee development officers

Do you really know the laws

OFFICIAL REFEREES PARTNER

Partnership with the

his edition has a variety of stimulating

s the title would imply, my new role

a greater number of players coming through

FITNESS & TRAINING

FITNESS & TRAINING

The no.1 challenge

aving worked for the best part of the last

However, the no.1 one challenge involves

So alongside Respect, we will shortly be

New generation of players

if they show undoubted talent, are guided

Facts about Kelly

our initial focus has been on working

FITNESS & TRAINING

hen players enter the field of play to

Facts about Keith

Take your time

Whistle, arms, voice

Careless means that the player has shown

A Referee must see,

a lack of attention or consideration when

Please act in the correct way by applying the

Despite the many presentations that I have

A referee also has to be alert to the illegal

One of the duties of a referee is to

Equally, be alert and aware of the player involved

Messages from players

If he makes contact with the ball and the

A referee must in these incidents also issue

Here again the appropriate sanction must

FITNESS & TRAINING

ne of the key functions of match officials is to ensure that all

FITNESS & TRAINING

Serious Foul Play

How to decide if a challenge is Serious

Violent Conduct can

to remember that contact does not have to

FITNESS & TRAINING

why should we put up with it?

Partnership with the

The no.1 challenge

Careless means that the player has shown

If he makes contact with the ball and the

A referee must in these incidents also issue

Here again the appropriate sanction must

My position in relation to the location

A player is sent off if he denies an

The distance between the offence

The likelihood of keeping or gaining

The direction of the play

Where were the other defenders at the exact

Improve standards of officiating through intersport exchange of ideas and practices

Develop a more positive image of

Opening up the officiating profession

1. Dissent of an umpires decision by word