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Gt CO2
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Power 39%
Industry 26%
Transport 20%
Buildings 8%
Other transformation 6%
Agriculture 1%
Source: Energy Technology Perspectives, 2014.
Nuclear
Renewables
CCS
01
Efficiency 49%
Power generation 21%
Upstream
Source: World Energy Outlook Special Report: Redrawing the Energy-Climate Map, 2013.
02
Gt CO2
6DS
2DS
Power generation
Buildings
Industry
Other
Transport
Source: Energy Technology Perspectives, 2014.
Figure 5
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2DS Average
Historical
Source: Energy, Climate Change and Environment: 2014 Insights.
03
Innovation in technology
development and deployment
Low-Carbon
Power T&D
Energy efficiency
Shifting investment
Investment in the energy sector is expected to grow
substantially, particularly in emerging economies. The
World Energy Investment Outlook finds that average
annual energy investment 2026-2030 is expected to be
USD 0.9 trillion in OECD countries and USD 1.3 trillion in
non-OECD countries. Much of this financing will be from
domestic resources, but international capital flows also
play an important role.
Long-term decarbonisation requires a significant
shift in investment patterns. For example, in the 450
Scenario, 80% of power plant investment needs to be
in low-carbon technologies after 2020, and 90% after
2025. Credible, ambitious, and effective domestic policy
04
Figure 7
Energy
security
Fiscal
balance
out fossil fuel subsidies that put strain on budgets (in 2013,
global fossil fuel subsidies totalled USD 550 billion).
Economic
development
GHG emission
reductions
Road
congestion
alleviation
Liveable
communities
Air quality
improvement
05
Figure 8
2035
Additional
2035-2050
Source: World Energy Outlook Special Report Re-drawing the Energy-Climate Map, 2013.
In INDCs
Mitigation INDCs for 2025 and 2030 should take into account the future
availability and costs of technologies.
This publication reflects the views of the IEA Secretariat but does not necessarily reflect
those of individual IEA member countries. The IEA makes no representation or warranty,
express or implied, in respect of the publications contents (including its completeness or
accuracy) and shall not be responsible for any use of, or reliance on, the publication.
OECD/IEA, 2014
International Energy Agency, 9 rue de la Fdration
75739 Cedex 15, France
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