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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ministry of Higher Education

Umm Al-Qura University


College of Engineering & Islamic Architecture

Mechanical Engineering Department

Mechanical Vibrations
804 420 3
Review Questions ( I )

Dr. Mohammad S. Alsoufi


BSc, MSc PhD
Room No.: 1080
Tel.: 00966 (012) 5270000 Ext.: 1163
E-mail: mssoufi@uqu.edu.sa

4. Harmonic Motions

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


Ministry of Higher Education

Umm Al-Qura University


College of Engineering & Islamic Architecture

Mechanical Engineering Department

Section (1)
Q.1: Give brief answers to the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Give two examples each of the bad and the good effects of vibration?
What are the three elementary parts of a vibrating system?
Define the number of degrees of freedom of a vibrating system?
What is the difference between a discrete and a continuous system? Is it possible to solve
any vibration problem as a discrete one?
5. In vibration analysis, can damping always be disregarded?
6. Can a nonlinear vibration problem be identified by looking at its governing differential
equation?
7. What is the difference between deterministic and random vibration? Give two practical
examples of each?
8. What methods are available for solving the governing equations of a vibration problem?
9. How do you connect several springs to increase the overall stiffness?
10. Define spring stiffness and damping constant?
11. What are the common types of damping?
12. State three different ways of expressing a periodic function in terms of its harmonics.
13. Define these terms: cycle, amplitude, phase angle, linear frequency, period, and natural
frequency?
14. How are
related to each other?
15. How can we obtain the frequency, phase, and amplitude of a harmonic motion from the
corresponding rotating vector?
16. How do you add two harmonic motions having different frequencies?
17. What are beats?
18. Define the terms decibel and octave?
Section (2)
Q.2: Indicate whether each of the following statements is True or False:
(1) If energy is lost in any way during vibration, the system can be considered to
be damped.
(2) The superposition principle is valid for both linear and nonlinear systems.
(3) The frequency with which an initially disturbed system vibrates on its own is
known as natural frequency.
(4) Any periodic function can be expanded into a Fourier series.
(5) A harmonic motion is a periodic motion.
(6) The equivalent mass of several masses at different locations can be found
using the equivalence of kinetic energy.
(7) The generalized coordinates are not necessarily Cartesian coordinates.
(8) Discrete systems are same as lumped parameter systems.

True
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False
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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


Ministry of Higher Education

Umm Al-Qura University


College of Engineering & Islamic Architecture

Mechanical Engineering Department

Section (3)
Q.3: Fill in the blank with the proper word:
Systems undergo dangerously large oscillations at .
Undamped vibration is characterized by no loss of .
A vibratory system consists of a spring, damper, and .
If a motion repeats after equal intervals of time, it is called a . motion.
When acceleration is proportional to the displacement and directed toward the mean
position, the motion is called . harmonic.
6. The time taken to complete one cycle of motion is called the . of vibration.
7. The number of cycles per unit time is called the . of vibration.
8. Two harmonic motions having the same frequency are said to be .
9. The angular difference between the occurrence of similar points of two harmonic motions is
called .
10. Continuous or distributed systems can be considered to have . number of degrees of
freedom.
11. Systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom are called . systems.
12. The number of degrees of freedom of a system denotes the minimum number of independent
. necessary to describe the positions of all parts of the system at any instant of time.
13. If a system vibrates due to initial disturbance only, it is called . vibration.
14. If a system vibrates due to an external excitation, it is called . vibration.
15. Resonance denotes the coincidence of the frequency of external excitation with a .
frequency of the system.
16. . analysis deals with the Fourier series representation of periodic functions.
17. The rotational speed of 1000 rpm (revolutions per minute) is equivalent to .
radians/sec.
18. When the speed of a turbine is 6000 rpm, it takes . seconds for the turbine to
complete one revolution.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Section (4)
Q.4: Select the most appropriate answer from the multiple choices given:
1. The number of degrees of freedom of a simple pendulum is:
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
2. Vibration can be classified in
(a) one way
(b) two ways

(c) several ways

3. The graphical representation of the amplitudes and phase angles of the various frequency
components of a periodic function is known as a
(a) spectral diagram
(b) frequency diagram
(c) harmonic diagram
4. When a system vibrates in a fluid medium, the damping is
(a) viscous
(b) Coulomb

(c) solid

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


Ministry of Higher Education

Umm Al-Qura University


College of Engineering & Islamic Architecture

Mechanical Engineering Department

5. When parts of a vibrating system slide on a dry surface, the damping is


(a) viscous
(b) Coulomb
(c) solid
6. When the stress-strain curve of the material of a vibrating system exhibits a hysteresis loop,
the damping is
(a) viscous
(b) Coulomb
(c) solid
7.

The equivalent spring constant of two parallel springs with stiffnesses k1 and k2 is
(b)
(c)

8.

The equivalent spring constant of two series springs with stiffnesses k1 and k2 is

(a)

(a)

(b)

9.
(a)

(c)

The spring constant of a cantilever beam with an end mass m is


(b)
(c)

10. If f(-t) = f(t), function f(t) is said to be


(a) even
(b) odd

(c) continuous

Section (5)
Q.5: Match the equivalent spring constants:
k1 = 20 N/m, k2 = 50 N/m, k3 = 100 N/m and k4 = 200 N/m
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

k1, k2, k3, and k4 are in parallel


k1, k2, k3, and k4 are in series
k1 and k2 are in parallel (keq = k12)
k3 and k4 are in parallel (keq = k34)
k1, k2 and k3, are in parallel (keq = k123)
k123 is in series with k4
k2, k3, and k4 are in parallel (keq = k234)
k1 and k234 are in series

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

18.9189 N/m
370.0 N/m
11.7647 N/m
300.0 N/m
70.0 N/m
170.0 N/m
350.0 N/m
91.8919 N/m

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See all the PROBLEMS at each lecture and make sure that YOU can solve them.

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