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Email: gokulcivilions@gmail.com,
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Email: prasmyth@gmail.com
Email: kcpazhani@annauniv.edu
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the compressive strength of
geopolymer concrete made from ground granulated
blast furnace slag (GGBS) and black rice husk
ash(BRHA). A mixture of Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) and Sodium Silicate (Na 2SiO3) solutions
was used as the alkaline activator solution. The
experiments were conducted for varying molar
concentrations of sodium hydroxide such as 5M, 8M
and 11M and with black rice husk ash being
replaced at 10%, 20% and 30% of the total binder
content. Compressive strength test was carried out
on 150mm cube specimens at the age of 3, 7 and 28
days. The test results revealed that, as the
concentration of sodium hydroxide solution
increases, the compressive strength of geo-polymer
concrete also increases. The average strength is
approximately same for both 0% and 10%
replacement of BRHA. The average strength of
20% replacement BRHA is decreased nearly 1.1
times when compared to the 0% and 10%
replacement of BRHA. The average strength of
30% replacement BRHA is decreased nearly 1.5
times when compared to 0% and 10% replacement
of BRHA.
KEYWORDS: Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Black Rice Husk ash (BRHA), Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH), Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3), Geopolymer
concrete (GPC).
I.INTRODUCTION
As a result of booming infrastructural development
around the world, the demand for cement production is
also increased. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is
II.EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
A. Materials used
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Chemical Composition
Al2O3
Fe2O3
CaO
MgO
K2O
Na2O
SiO2
Percentage
0.56
0.43
0.55
0.40
0.66
0.06
93.96
300m
100m
50m
10m
300m
50m
100m
10m
4. Aggregates
Granite type coarse aggregates was passed
through 20mm sieve and meets gradation
requirementsof IS 2386 -1963. Fine aggregate of
natural river sand taken from a local supplier are used
in the present study and they have the properties as
given in Table3. Its gradation meets zone ii of IS 383 1970 requirements.
Table 3. Properties of aggregates
Coarse
S.No
Property
aggregate
Sand
20mm
1
Fineness modulus
8.14
3.45
Specific gravity
2.87
2.6
1533.33
1254
Bulk
density(Kg/m3)
5. Super plasticizer
High-range water-reducing naphthalene based
super plasticizer was added to the mixture to improve
the workability of fresh concrete.
6. Water
Extra water nearly 10% of binder is added to
increase the workability of the concrete.
B. Mix proportions
In this study, mix design procedure was
chosen from the literature by Djwantoro Hardjito, et al
(2004), showed that the aggregates occupythe largest
volume, (about 75-80 % by mass) in GPCs.The total
volume occupied by the aggregates (Coarse and fine
aggregates) is assumed to be 77%. The alkaline liquid
to GGBS ratio is taken as 0.40, Unit weight of
geopolymer concrete is 2400 kg/m3, sodium silicate to
sodium hydroxide is 2.5 [4].The details of mix
proportions are given in Table 4. In this study
conventional concrete is 100% GGBS. Three levels of
sodium hydroxide concentration i.e. 5 M, 8 M and
11 M were used.
% replacement
GGBS
BRHA
F.A
C.A
NaOH
Na2SiO3
Sp
of RHA
Kg/m
GC 1
5M
394
647
1201
45
113
10
355
39
647
1201
45
113
20
315
79
647
1201
45
113
30
276
118
647
1201
45
113
394
647
1201
45
113
10
355
39
647
1201
45
113
20
315
79
647
1201
45
113
30
276
118
647
1201
45
113
394
647
1201
45
113
10
355
39
647
1201
45
113
20
315
79
647
1201
45
113
30
276
118
647
1201
45
113
GC 2
8M
GC 3
11M
Material collection
2. Curing
The geopolymer concrete specimens were
then placed in a hot air oven at a temperature of 60 0C
for 48 hours. And then the specimens were taken
outand cured under room temperature till the time of
testing.
Molarity
% replacement of BRHA
5M
8M
11M
7 Day
28 Day
56.23
60.5
62.7
10
56.2
61.0
62.95
20
51.4
55.2
57.3
30
37.2
40.7
42.0
61.9
66.5
69.2
10
62.0
66.9
68.86
20
56.7
61.2
62.9
30
41.33
44.8
46.0
66.96
72.2
74.86
10
67
71.96
74.9
20
61.1
65.03
68.1
30
44.5
47.5
50.3
1II.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1.
3 Days
2.
7 Days
28 Days
5M
8M
3.
11M
4.
5.
Molar Concentration
70
6.
60
50
3 days
40
30
7.
7 days
20
10
28 days
IV.
0% BRHA
2.
3.
4.
10% BRHA
20% BRHA
30% BRHA
7
CONCLUSIONS
1.
The
average
compressive
strength
is
approximately same for both conventional and
10% replacement of BRHA.( fig 6)
The average compressive strength of concrete with
20% replacement BRHA is decreased nearly 1.1
times when compared to the conventional and 10%
replacement of BRHA.
The average compressive strength of 30%
replacement BRHA is decreased nearly 1.5 times
when compared to conventional and 10%
replacement of BRHA.
Due to the presence of high silica content in black
Rice Husk Ash (BRHA) there is a fast chemical
reaction occurred resulting quick setting of
geopolymer concrete.
The average compressive strength increased
approximately 10 to 12% when there is increase in
molar concentration of NaOH solution between
5M and 8M.
Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete
decreased with increase in percentage replacement
of BRHA. ( fig 5)
Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete
increased with increase in molar concentration
from 5,8 and 11M. ( fig 4)
0
10
20
30
% Replacement of BRHA
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
28
Days
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and for most, thank to god for giving me
a life. I am deeply indebted to my project guide, for her
guidance, encouragement and stimulating suggestions
which enabled me to carry out this project work
successfully. Thanks also to the technician of Concrete
Laboratory, which help to me on doing my research
from mixing the concrete until the testing of the
concrete. Finally I would like to thank my parents and
friends for their encouragement and unending support.
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workability of binary blended concrete,
Construction and Building Materials., Vol. 24,
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D.
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