Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

(ME 439)

Instructor

Dr. Muhammad Asif

GA

Engr. Tariq

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Introduction of Instructor
Education
B.Sc in Mechanical Engineering (UET LHR. 2002-2006)
M.Sc in Mechancal Engineering (Hanyang Uni. Korea 2008-2010)
PhD in Mechancal Engineering (Hanyang Uni. Korea 2012-2015)

Work Experience
-Project Engineer (Packages Ltd, BSPM Project)
- Lecturer ( HITEC University)
- Lecturer (IIU Islamabad)

Research Experience
- Process design, modeling and simulation
- IGCC (integrated gasification combine cycle)
- Coal gasification
- CO2 capture

Books:
Text books
1. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning: analysis and
design, 6th edition by McQuiston, Parker and Spitler. 6th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. B1
2. Refrigeration and air-conditioning, W.F Stoecker, J.W
Jones. 2nd edition, McGraw Hill. B2
3. Additional class notes ( power point presentation)
Reference book
HVAC systems design handbook, 4th edition, Roger W.
Haines, C. Lewis Wilson, Mc Graw-Hill

Course Contents
Refrigeration ( Ch. 15 of B1+Ch 10 of B2)
Fundamentals of refrigeration
Design of air and vapor compression cycles
Absorption cycle
Components of refrigeration and their types
Review of thermodynamic fundamentals with reference
to RAC: ( Class notes)
Basic thermodynamic fundamentals and principles
Air conditioning: (Ch. 2 of B1+ Ch 5 of B2)
introduction, parts, complete AC system, types, and
components
Moist air properties and conditioning processes: (Ch. 3
of B1+ Ch. 3 of B2)
Moist air properties, and fundamental parameters,
Psychometric chart

Course Contents
Comfort and Health: (Ch. 4 of B1+ Ch 3 of B2)
Physiological considerations, environmental indices,
comfort conditions, IAQ concerns, contaminants,
controlling contaminants
Heat transmission in building structures: (Ch 5 of B1+
class notes)
Modes of heat transfer, heat transfer coefficients for
walls, roofs, windows, doors, floor slabs, pipes (horizontal,
buried), and moisture transmission.
Space heat load analysis (Ch. 6 of B1+ Ch4 of B2)
Outdoor and indoor design conditions, transmission heat
losses, infiltration, crack method, air-change method, draft
coefficient, calculation aids, heat losses in air ducts

Cooling load analysis: (Ch. 8 of B1+Ch. 4 of B2)

balance and terminologies, design conditions, heat
balance method, formulation, modes of radiation,
transparent surfaces, zone air heat balance, radiant time
series method, application of methods, supply air quality
Fluid flow, pumps, and piping design: (Ch. 10 of B1+
class notes)
fluid flow basics and terminologies, flow measurement,
centrifugal pumps, combined system and pump
characteristics, variable pump speed, piping design
system, closed and open-loop systems, pipe sizing, air
elimination, large system design, steam heating systems
Fans and building air duct design: (Ch. 12 of B1+ Ch 6
of B2)
Fans and their performance, fan laws, fan types and
selection, installation of fans, restrictions, field
performance testing, variable-air-volume systems, flow
through ducts and fitting, duct systems, duct design

Evaluation Methods
Quizzes

15%

Assignment Sessions

10%

Mini Project

5%

Midterm Exam

25%

Final Exams

45%

Quizzes & Assignment Sessions

Total 7 Quizzes & 7 Assignment Sessions. But for grading 5 best
quizzes and 5 best assignments will be consider
One mini-project
No surprise quiz
Both quiz & assignment session will be conducted in one sitting
No retake / make-up for missed quizzes / assignments
According to institute policy, 80% attendance is mandatory

Course Objectives
Application of thermodynamic and heat transfer to
refrigeration and air-conditioning
Solving problems; designing of refrigeration, HVAC systems,
pipes and ducts.
Students will gain the knowledge about types of refrigeration
and HVAC system, design, operation, and their impact on the
environment.

Week-1
Introduction to the course(overview)
Fundamentals of RAC and its application,
Review of thermodynamic fundamentals and principles

What is Refrigeration
Refrigeration is the process of producing and maintaining
lower temperature within a confined space, lower than the
temperature of the surrounding, up to target temperature.

Refrigeration means continuous extraction of heat from a

body whose temperature is already below the temperature
of the surrounding.

Units of Refrigeration
Ton of Refrigeration (TR)
Heat extraction capacity of refrigeration and air conditioning
equipment.
The rate of heat removal required to freeze a metric ton (
1000 kg) of water at 0 in 24 hours.

Relation between Refrigeration and Air conditioning

Why RAC is important

It has application from domestic to commercial units.
Cold storage (Food, Beverage, Medicines)
Processing and Preservation of food
Refrigeration systems in Submarines, ships, air crafts,
Space-craft
Water Coolers

Application in domestic used

A Freezer
A Refrigerator
An Ice Maker

A Refrigerator with Freezer

Automobiles Air Conditioning System

Ammonia based refrigeration plant for a large cold storage according

To ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers

Desalination of Water
FREEZING DESALINATION PROCESS

Air Separation Unit (ASU)

- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Argon

Chillers
of a Central Air Conditioning System

Ice Block Machine Plant