Calamus essential oil information

Calamus oil is extracted from Acorus calamus var. angustatus of the Araceae family. Calamus oil
has a warm, spicy odor, reminiscent of a sweet forest.
Calamus is a perennial, semi-aquatic, marshy plant, native to northern Europe and Asia. The root of
this plant is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of nervous complaints, vertigo, headaches
and dysentery. The essential oil contains asorone, which is a carcinogenic, and oral ingestion can
cause convulsions and liver and kidney damage.When fed to rats at an inclusion rate of 0.05 - 0.5%
in their daily diet, calamus oil caused malignant tumors to develop in the duodenum after 59
weeks. Severe tremors occurred lasting from 30 minutes to 2 hours when calamus oil was orally
ingested.
Calamus oil is extracted from the fresh roots or the unpeeled dried root by steam distillation.
The main chemical components are acorenone, b-gurjunene, isoshyobunine,
calamendiol, a-selinene, a-calacorene, calamusenone, camphone and shyobunone.

b-asarone,

Calamus oil should never be used in aromatherapy.

Elemi essential oil information
Elemi oil is extracted from the resin of Canarium luzonicum (also known as C. commune) of the
Burseraceae family and is also known as Manila elemi. Elemi oil has a citrus-like smell, a bit spicy
and is pale in color.
It is a tropical tree from the Philippines that can grow up to 30 meters (98 feet) high. The tree
exudes a pale yellow resin when the tree sprouts leaves. The resin solidifies on contact with the air
and the resin stops flowing when the tree loses its leaves. The Elemi tree is known locally as 'Pili"
and the gum is exported from Manila in two qualities: 'Primera' which is cleaned gum and 'Secunda'
which is still crude and unclean. The ancient Egyptians used elemi oil in the embalming process.
These days is used in incense, soaps and varnish.
Elemi oil is extracted from the gum by steam distillation. A resinoid and resin are also produced in
small quantities.
The main chemical components of elemi oil are terpineol, elemicine, elemol, dipentene,
phellandrene and limonene. No special precautions are needed, but please note that elemi oil can
be irritating to a sensitive skin.
The therapeutic properties of elemi oil are analgesic, expectorant, tonic, antiseptic and stimulant.
Elemi can be useful with respiratory complaints such as bronchitis, dry cough and excess mucus. It
is also helpful in cases of heavy perspiration, cuts, wounds and skin infections. Elemi oil is said to
rejuvenate the skin. It can be used in cases of nervous exhaustion and stress related conditions; it
gives a feeling of peace.
Elemi oil is helpful in the treatment of the respiratory tract, skin conditions and in lifting the spirit.

Burners and vaporizers

o In vapor therapy elemi oil can be used for nervous and respiratory conditions.
Blended oil or in the bath
o Elemi oil can be used in blended massage oil, or diluted in the bath, to assist with
nervous and respiratory conditions, stress related problems and skin infections.

It blends well with frankincense, lavender, rosemary, myrrh and sage.

12. Spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi)

Spikenard oil is extracted from Nardostachys jatamansi of the Valerianaceae family and is also
known as "false" Indian valerian root. Spikenard oil has a warm, misty, heavy aroma, is pale yellow
in color and medium in viscosity. Spikenard is a tender aromatic herb with a pungent rhizome root
and native to the mountainous regions of northern India, as well as China and Japan. It is one of the
early aromatics used by the ancient Egyptians and is mentioned in the Bible, in Song of Solomon,
and in the Book of John where Mary used it to anoint the feet of Jesus. It was used by wealthy
Roman women in perfumes and beauty preparations.
Spikenard oil is extracted from the crushed and dried rhizome of the herb by steam distillation and
yields 1-3% The therapeutic properties of spikenard oil are anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic,
antiseptic, calmative, sedative, laxative and tonic. The main chemical components are bornyl
acetate, valeranone, jonon, tetramenthyloxatricylodecanol, menthylthymyl-ether and 1,8-cineol.
Spikenard oil has no known contra-indications, but care should be taken as with all oils.
Spikenard oil can be effective for tension, stress, migraine, nervous indigestion and insomnia. It
seems to have rejuvenating qualities especially for the mature skin, and can help with allergies,
skin inflammations and rashes.

Vapor therapy or used in the bath

o In vapor therapy or diluted in the bath Spikenard oil can help with tension, stress
and insomnia.
Blended massage oil
o As blended massage oil, Spikenard oil can assist with tension, stress, migraine
and insomnia.

Although most essential oils blend well with one another, Spikenard oil blends particularly well with
Lavender, Lemon, Clary sage, Neroli, Patchouli and Vetiver.
11. Rose of Sharon (Cistus ladanifer)
Cistus (also known as Labdanum) essential oil comes from a rose that has a soft, honey-like

scent. Believed to be the biblical rose of Sharon, its fragrance is calming and uplifting, helpful for
meditation or counseling. It also has anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties, and helps to stimulate
the immune system. Studied, in laboratory tests, for its effects on the regeneration of cells, it also
helps to maintain healthy lung function.
This resin oil is rich warm, spicy and a bit lemon-like. It is a bit incense-like, and slightly
camphoraceous, yet with a distinct balsamic note. Extraction Method: Steam Distilled Extracted
From: Gum/resin Aromatherapy Properties: Restorative, refreshing and stimulating. Fortifying.
Warming. Meditation aid.
Add to a diffuser for a spicy/warm aroma climate. The balsams are most commonly used in
the"background"of an Aromatherapy blend, as in Aromaland's Meditation and Buddha Blends, which
are wonderful diffuser oils! How about serving Greek appetizers with Retsina and Ouzo at your next
party, all the while diffusing Cistus Labdanum is in the aromalamp for memories of the
Mediterranean?
Add to a bath, if you like accompanied by Rose or Lavender Essential Oil, mixing the oils with
Aromaland's Coconut Emulsifier or some Half & Half prior to blending it with the water (in order to
prevent the oils from floating on the surface).

This small, sticky shrub is growing wild all over the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Its aroma is
scenting the air on a hot summer day, and is synonymous with images of olive trees, taverns and the
sea;the scent of the Mediterranean. Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Avoid during pregnancy.
10. Onycha (Styrax benzoin)
Plant Origin: China, Laos, Thailand. Medicinal Properties: Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antioxidant,
astringent,
deodorant,
diuretic, expectorant, and sedative. Onycha essential oil has been
commonly used as an antiseptic and cleanser for cuts and wounds. Arthritis, asthma, bleeding (slow
or stop), bronchitis, chills, circulation, colic, cuts, flatulence, gout, laryngitis, mucus, nervous tension,
rheumatism, skin, stomach, stress, urinary tract infection, and wounds. Good for colds, coughs and
sore throats.
Diffuse or apply on location. Approved by the FDA for use as a food additive (FA) and flavoring agent
(FL). To help prevent infection to a cut or scrape, place a drop or two of Onycha essential oil on affected area. Place

a drop of Onycha essential oil on a wound to help slow bleeding. Try using a drop of Onycha essential oil under
each arm as deodorant. For sore throats, coughs, or colds, add one drop of Onycha essential oil to a teaspoon to
honey. Rub 1-2 drops of Onycha essential oil on the stomach for cramping or pain. To help with chapped or cracked
skin, rub several drops of Onycha essential oil on skin to speed up healing. For a gargle, add a few drops of Onycha
essential oil to four ounces of warm rice milk to help with sore throats or laryngitis. Mix Onycha essential oil with
carrier oil, such as olive oil, and rub on chest to help loosen mucus and congestion.
9. Myrtle (Myrtus communis)
Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a member of the Myrtaceae plant family and is botanically related to
eucalyptus and tea tree. The leaves and berries of myrtle have historically been used to treat
diarrhea and dysentery; Dioscorides, the ancient Greek, recommended the use of a macerated
myrtle leaves extract (in wine) for bladder and lung infections. Used by the ancient Greek
physician, Dioscorides, myrtle is known for its antiseptic properties; myrtle essential oil is also of
use in modern day aromatherapy.
The Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite, was revered with offerings of myrtle in the form of incense;
myrtle's Greek association with love is continued today in the inclusion of myrtle in Greek bridal
bouquets. In fact, myrtle was also included in the wedding bouquet of Queen Victoria of England in
1840. Myrtle is a traditional Mediterranean remedy to regulate the menstrual cycle; myrtle was also
used in skin preparations, including a 16th century skin care remedy which used the leaves and
flowers of myrtle.
Myrtle is a native plant of North Africa and is commonly found growing in the southern
Mediterranean region including France, Spain, Corsica, Tunisia and Italy. Myrtle is a small tree or
large bush (of up to three feet in height) with pointed leaves, white flowers and black berries; it is
the leaves and flowers of myrtle which are aromatic. Myrtle essential oil is extracted by steam
distillation of the leaves and twigs which produces a pale yellow essential oil, similar to eucalyptus
in fragrance. Myrtle essential oil is largely used for its antiseptic properties; however, myrtle
essential oil is also astringent, bactericidal, expectorant, toning and an anti-depressant. Myrtle
essential oil can be used in aromatherapy to treat oily skin, acne, mature skin, coughs, anxiety,
colds, infections, asthma, bronchitis, pulmonary and urinary infections.
Myrtle essential oil is considered to be non-sensitizing, non-toxic and a non-irritant; myrtle is a
comparatively gentle oil due to its chemical make-up. The principal chemical component of myrtle
essential oil is alcohol; alcohol components include cineol, geraniol, myrtenol and linalol. Other
chemical components include pinene and camphene.
Due to the high alcohol content of myrtle essential oil, it is considered a gentle essential oil which is
suitable for use with children and the elderly, especially in the treatment of coughs and chest

complaints. However, as is the case when unfamiliar in the use of any essential oils, care should be
taken and professional advice sought.
8. Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha)
Myrrh oil is extracted from Commiphora myrrha (also known as Commiphora molmol and
Balsamodendron myrrha) of the Burseraceae family and is also known as bola, myrrha, gum,
common and hirabol myrrh. If you talk about a magical essential oil in aromatherapy, then this
must surely be it, as it not only works on increasing your spiritual self, but produce wonderful
results when used to treat female complaints, skin ailments, as well as detoxifying the body and
expelling mucus and phlegm from the body. Myrrh oil has a warm, slightly musty smell and is pale
yellow to amber in color.
It is a small tree that can grow up to 5 meters (16 feet) high with light bark and knotted branches,
few leaves and small white flowers. It is native to Somalia, Arabia and Yemen. When the bark is cut,
the gum resin exudes as a pale yellow liquid, which dries into reddish-brown lumps the size of a
walnut from which the oil is distilled. Myrrh was very popular in the ancient world and was used as
a medicine by the Chinese and Egyptians, and as part of the Egyptian sun-worshipping ritual and
mummification. It was used in cosmetics, while Greek soldiers took a phial of Myrrh oil with them
into battle, to stop bleeding wounds.
Myrrh oil is extracted by steam distillation of the oleoresin-gum (crude myrrh) and yields 3 - 5 %.
The main chemical components of myrrh oil are a-pinene, cadinene, limonene, cuminaldehyde,
eugenol, m-cresol, heerabolene, acetic acid, formic acid and other sesquiterpenes and acids. Myrrh
oil is non-irritant and non-sensitizing, but could be toxic in high dosage and should not be used in
pregnancy, as it can act as a uterine stimulant. The therapeutic properties of myrrh oil are anticatarrhal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic,
carminative, cicatrisant, emmenagogue, expectorant, fungicidal, sedative, digestive and pulmonary
stimulant, stomachic, tonic, uterine and vulnerary. Myrrh oil is effective against excessive mucus in
the lungs and helps to clear ailments such as colds, catarrh, coughs, sore throats and bronchitis. It
is used for diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence and hemorrhoids (haemorrhoids). It is very good for
mouth and gum disorders, such as mouth ulcers, pyorrhea (pyorrhea), gingivitis, spongy gums and
sore throats. On the skin, it is used with great success on boils, skin ulcers, bedsores, chapped and
cracked skin, ringworm, weeping wounds, eczema and athlete's foot. Furthermore, it is of great
help to promote menstruation and for relieving painful periods and to ease difficult labor in
childbirth.
Myrrh oil is of great benefit to the respiratory tract, the digestive system, for gum and mouth
disorders, in skin care, as well as urino-genital and gynecological problems.

Burners and vaporizers

o In vapor therapy, myrrh oil can be useful with bronchitis, catarrh, colds and
coughs. It is also great for enhancing spirituality and is most useful when
meditating.
Blended massage oil or in the bath
o In a blended massage oil or diluted in the bath, myrrh oil is great for bronchitis,
catarrh, colds, coughs and infections, as well as the variety of female problems
listed above. It also has a wonderful effect on the skin.
Mouthwash
o It can be included when mixing a mouthwash for all dental infections.
Cold compress
o Myrrh oil can be used diluted on a cold compress for sores, skin care and
wounds.
Cream or lotion
o When used in a cream or lotion, amazing results are achieved in the treatment of
chronic wounds and ulcers. It accelerates wound healing and sorts out athlete's
foot, as well as weeping eczema. Bedsores, deeply chapped and cracked skin,

boils, carbuncles, acne and all other skin ailments show dramatic results when
myrrh oil is used to treat them, and it can also be applied with a cotton bud
directly on sores, wounds and other skin infections.
Although essential oils blend well with one another, myrrh oil blends particularly well with benzoin,
frankincense, lavender, sandalwood and clove.
7. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
Hyssop oil is extracted from Hyssopus officinalis, of the Labiatae family and is also known as Azob.
This rather expensive essential oil is effective in helping to treat female disorders and to relieve
monthly water retention, while being excellent to help the respiratory system get rid of mucus and
bronchial spasms. It can be used to treat bronchitis, asthma, influenza and colds, while helping
wounds heal and dispersing bruises on the skin. Hyssop oil has a sweet, warm smell and ranges in
color from colorless to pale yellowy-green. This shrub decorates the Mediterranean area, is about
60 cm (2 feet) high and is very attractive to bees. The name Hyssopus was used by Hippocrates
and was derived from the Hebrew word 'ezob' which means 'holy herb'. It is mentioned in the Old
Testament, where the herb was used for purification, yet the reference could also possibly refer to
Origanum syriacum. It has a woody, hairy stem, small lance-shaped green leaves and purple-blue
flowers and was well known in ancient times, and was referred to in the Bible for its cleansing effect
in connection with plague, leprosy and chest ailments. It was also used for purifying sacred places
and as a strewing herb in the Middle Ages, to ward off lice, while the Benedictine monks introduced
it to Europe in the 10th century as an ingredient for liqueurs.
Hyssop oil is extracted from the leaves and the flowering tops by steam distillation. The main
chemical components of hyssop oil are a-pinene, camphene, b-pinene, sabinene, myrcene,
limonene, pinocamphone, isopinocamphene, y-terpineol, 1,8-cineole and thujone. Hyssop oil is nonirritant and non-sensitizing, but does contain pinocamphone and should therefore be used in
moderation and should be avoided during pregnancy and by people suffering from epilepsy. The
therapeutic properties of hyssop oil are anti-rheumatic, astringent, antiseptic, antispasmodic,
carminative, cicatrisant, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypertensive,
nervine, sudorific, stimulant, tonic, vermifuge and vulnerary.
Hyssop oil gives a feeling of alertness and helps with anxiety and fatigue and is therefore useful
during convalescence as a tonic. It is also effective in cases of respiratory problems and viral
infections, such as colds, coughs, sore throats, influenza, bronchitis, asthma, catarrh and tonsillitis.
It helps with colic, flatulence and indigestion, while it helps to regulate circulation and is helpful
when used to raise low blood pressure. During monthly periods, where water retention can be a
problem, hyssop oil helps to balance this. In general, this oil benefits the menstrual cycle and helps
with amenorrhea and leucorrhoea. It has good healing properties and helps with bruises as well.
Hyssop oil is a powerful oil and helps to relieve respiratory problems, digestive disorders, genitourinary conditions and skin conditions, like bruises, eczema, inflammation and dermatitis.

Burners and vaporizers

o In vapor therapy, hyssop oil can help with anxiety, mental fatigue, colds, coughs,
bronchitis, asthma and infections.
Blended massage oil or in the bath
o As a blended massage oil or diluted in the bath, hyssop oil can relieve anxiety,
fatigue, respiratory and viral infections, menstrual problems, colic, flatulence,
indigestion and boosts the skin with its healing action.
Creams and lotion
o In a cream or lotion, the oil can help the skin to heal, without permanent scarring
and can be used to help disperse bruising.

Although essential oil blend well with one another, Hyssop oil blends particularly well with Angelica,
Clary sage, Geranium, Orange, Tangerine, Melissa and Rosemary.
6. Galbanum (Ferula gummosa)
The name Galbanum (Latin Galba*num) is said to be derived from the Greek, chalban? or possibly
from Hebrew chelbanah (Klekbnah). Galbanum belongs to the large family of umbelliferae/
apiaceae. Ferula galbaniflua is native to Persia (Northern India and Afghanistan particularly) but
nowaday the gum mostly comes from Iran. The plant grows spontaneously and produces large
flowering heads that resemble the heads of Angelica archangelica or fennel. Until recent years,
plants of ferula Galbaniflua have been in abundant supply in the wild, however, concerns have been
raised that it may soon become an endangered species. The good news is that this beautiful and
ancient plant can be cultivated, but I wasnt able to find anything much on its cultivation
Ferula galbaniflua also produces a reddish-brown fragrant oleresin that weeps from the stems or
roots when these are bruised or cut. Ferula galbaniflua belongs to the group of aromatic plants which
respond to wounding by exuding its own healing ointment to repair the damage, the same is true of
frankincense, myrrh, benzoin, etc. Galbanum resin is softer than most resins and it n softens up
furhter if held in the palm of the hand. The essential oil is obtained from steam distillation, although
other methods of extraction are also used to obtain a different type of resinous product. Dioscorides
in De Materia Medica says that the Egyptians of his time called it metopium (Sacred Luxuries, Lise
Manniche 1999). Galbanum was used as a prime component of many perfumes in ancient Egypt and
was highly respected both for its scent and for its medicinal properties. Its odour is very complex,
sophisticated and very enduring. Its enduring quality is probably what made it popular as a common
ingredient of the perfumes of these days. Some chemical components of essential oils have a
fixative capacity and are used in perfume making to help retain more volatile scents (usually
prettier smells) which would otherwise disappear.
Galbanum was also widely used as a component of incense and is listed in the Holy Bible as part of
the sweet spices used to make Holy Incense. Holy Incense was only made for the worship of the Lord
and Holy communication as it was believed to be free from evil. Preparation required certain rituals
and it was forbidden to make such incense just for the pleasure of the senses.
The odour of Galbanum essential oil is totally unique, a bit overpowering and at first not very
pleasant, but in common with other intense essential oils scents, it grows on you. At first, a
greeness akin to the the sap of evergreen shrubs dominates all olfactory sensations, but as its full
fragrance expands and mixes with the air, it reveals many, complex and convoluted trails. The air
becomes sweeter and fills with the comforting scents of balsam, spice and wood and slowly
discloses hidden intimations of musk. And so it goes, other scents unfold creating new scented
trails until one is unable to smell anything further.
Not surprisingly, Galbanum is greatly appreciated and used in fine perfumery as it gives a natural
scent of green-ess to a fragrance and will also be a fixative for the other scents. When blended
with other scents, Galbanum adds a touch of leafy outdoor to the overall fragrance. The secret of
using Galabanum succesfully in an Aromatherapy blend is to use very little, as often one drop may
be almost too much.
Galbanum oil is preferably used in conjunction with lighter, refreshing and less complex essential
oils such as Lemon, Orange, Grapefruit and also Rose unless making a more voluptuous fragrance
where it can be added to Ylang-Ylang, Frankincense, Jasmine, Palmarosa, Cardamon, Tuberose or
Lotus. Galbanum is a very important scent for certain psychosomatic problems such as panic
attacks caused by stress. Some people have suggested that it can be helpful with claustrophobia
and agrophobia because of its earthy nature and may be good for S.A.D. or for people who are
confined indoors. It is said to be anti-infectious, anti-spasmodic and is often used in sport remedies
for muscular pain. Marguerite Maury, specifically recommends it for mature skin in a blend of Elemi,
Galbanum, Violet leaves and Lemongrass. Care should be taken not to apply it neat or blended to
young skin, open wounds or cuts as it can be a skin irritant. It contains a and b pinene, sabinene,
limonene, undecatriene and pyrazynes. The oil is frequently adulterated with pine oil.

5. Frankincense (Boswellia carteri)

It is extracted from resin from the Boswellia carteri tree, of the Burseraceae family and is also
known as Olibanum and gum thus. It is one of the firm favorites in aromatherapy. This essential oil
has a wonderfully calming effect on the mind and helps to create inner peace, while helping to
sooth the respiratory and urinary tract and relieve pain associated with rheumatism and muscular
aches, while having a rejuvenating, balancing and healing action on the skin. Frankincense has a
woody, spicy, haunting smell, a little bit camphoric, but very pleasant. It is pale yellow-green in
color.
It originates from the Middle East, with abundant pinnacle leaves and has white or pale pink
flowers. Deep incisions are made in the tree trunk and the bark peels off in narrow strips. Over
weeks a milky juice exudes and hardens on contact with the air, resulting in an oleo gum resin,
from which the oil is extracted by steam distillation. The word is from the French word 'Franc'
meaning 'luxuriant' or 'real incense' and together with Myrrh, it was the first gum to be used as
incense. Also known as Olibanum, frankincense was used by the ancient Egyptians as an offering to
the gods and as part of a rejuvenating face mask. It was also used to fumigate the sick, in order to
banish evil spirits. The Hebrews valued Frankincense highly, it was one of the gifts offered to the
baby Jesus.
Frankincense oil is extracted by steam distillation from the oleo gum resin and yields about 3 - 10
%. An absolute is also produced, but is mainly used as a fixative. The main chemical components of
frankincense oil are a-pinene, actanol, linalool, octyl acetate, bornyl acetate, incensole and incensyl
acetate. Frankincense oil is non-toxic and non-irritant and can be used by most people.
The therapeutic properties of frankincense oil are antiseptic, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant,
cytophylactic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, sedative, tonic, uterine, vulnerary
and expectorant. Frankincense oil soothes and calms the mind, slowing down and deepening
breathing and is excellent for use when meditating. It also helps to calm anxiety and obsessive
states linked to the past. On the respiratory tract, it clears the lungs and helps with shortness of
breath, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, coughs and colds. It can be useful to ease heavy periods, is a
general tonic to the uterus and has a calming effect during labor. It is also most helpful for
rheumatism and has a positive impact on the urinary tract. Frankincense oil is said to help
rejuvenate an ageing skin, is a skin tonic and is effective with sores, carbuncles, wounds, scars and
skin inflammation.
Frankincense is one of the oils that can really calm and soothe the whole body and mind. It eases
all aches and pains, clears the lungs and acts as a skin tonic.

Burners and vaporizers

o In vapor therapy, frankincense can be used for bronchitis, colds, coughs and
voice loss, as well as to calm the mind, reduce anxiety and cultivating internal
peace and placing past obsessive states into perspective.
Blended massage oil or in the bath
o Frankincense oil can be used in a blended massage oil or diluted in the bath for
colds, coughs, bronchitis, rheumatism, chilliness, poor circulation, exhaustion,
nightmares, heavy periods, respiratory problems and mucus congestion. It also
has a good astringent effect on the skin and perks up older more mature skin
and helps wounds, sores and ulcers heal properly.
Creams and lotions
o Frankincense oil can be added to a base cream or lotion to help with general skin
tone and condition while reducing oily skin, rejuvenating more mature skin, while
at the same time helping wounds, ulcers and sores heal better.
Wash or use as a compress
o To promote healing and prevent ugly scarring on wounds, add a few drops to the
water when washing the wound. For cracked skin and bed sores, apply gently
(suitably diluted) directly on to affected areas or use as a compress.

It blends well with other oils, such as benzoin, sandalwood, lavender, myrrh, pine, orange,
bergamot and lemon.
4. Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
Cypress essential oil is from Cupressus sempervirens of the Cupressaceae family and is also known
as Italian or Mediterranean cypress. This clear and fresh smelling essential oil is a great boon to use
during times of major upheavals and changes in your life, as it restores calm, sooths anger and
making your life flow better. It has a positive effect on excess fluids in general, thereby improving
circulation, sorting out coughs and bronchitis. It assists with varicose veins and female problems
and is definitely an oil to have around. Cypress oil has a woody, slightly spicy and refreshing
masculine smell. The oil is colorless to very pale yellow in color and watery in viscosity.
The tree is a perennial tree, conical-shaped, about 28 meters (80 feet) high and originated from the
East, now mostly found in gardens and cemeteries in the Mediterranean region. It is an evergreen
tree with dark green foliage, small flowers and round brown-gray cones with seed nuts inside. The
wood is hard and durable, red-yellow in color. The Phoenicians and Cretans used the wood for
building ships and houses, while the Egyptians made sarcophagi from it and the Greeks used it to
carve statues of their gods. The Greek word 'Sempervirens', from which the botanical name is
derived, means 'lives forever' and the tree also gave its name to the island of Cypress, where it
used to be worshipped. The legend says the cross of Jesus had been made of cypress wood and the
tree generally seems to be associated with death.
Cypress oil is extracted from the needles and twigs of young branches by steam distillation and
yields 1.3 - 1.5 %. The main components of cypress oil are a-pinene, camphene, sabinene, bpinene, d-3carene, myrcene, a-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, bornyl acetate, cedrol and cadinene.
The oil is considered non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing but it is best to avoid it during
pregnancy. It is also best to do a skin patch test before using it in a massage blend.
The therapeutic properties of cypress oil are astringent, antiseptic, antispasmodic, deodorant,
diuretic, haemostatic, hepatic, styptic, sudorific, vasoconstrictor, respiratory tonic and sedative.
Cypress oil has a calming and soothing effect on the irritable, angry and stressed-out person and
has a valuable effect as a vasoconstrictor on varicose veins and hemorrhoids. It is beneficial in
conditions of excess fluid, such as bleeding, nosebleeds, heavy menstruation, heavy perspiration,
cough and bronchitis, hemorrhages and fluid retention. The antispasmodic action is very useful for
asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, emphysema and influenza. Furthermore, cypress oil soothes
muscular cramps, helps to regulate the menstrual cycle, helps to ease arthritis and rheumatic pain
and it is also beneficial to oily as well as congested skin and wounds.
Cypress oil has a calming and soothing effect on the nerves, is valuable as a vasoconstrictor, useful
in the treatment of excessive discharge of fluids and beneficial for the respiratory tract.

Burners and vaporizers

o It is useful in vapor therapy for all breathing difficulty, such as asthma,
emphysema, whooping cough and bronchitis. It also helps to calm the mind and
dispel anger.
Blended massage oil or in the bath
o Cypress oil can be used as a massage oil or diluted in the bath for arthritis,
asthma, cellulite, cramps, diarrhea, sweaty feet, rheumatism, varicose veins,
heavy menstruation and menopause.
Lotions and creams
o In a cream base, cypress oil can be used for varicose and broken veins, as well as
clearing an oily and congested skin.
Cold compress
o Used diluted on a cold compress, it is very effective for a nosebleed.
Foot bath

If it is added to a footbath, it will help control perspiration with it astringent and

deodorant properties.

Although most essential oils blend well together, cypress oil blends particularly well with bergamot,
clary sage, lavender, juniper, pine, marjoram, sandalwood, Rosemary, Frankincense and all the
citrus oils.
3. Cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica)
Our cedarwood essential oil is extracted from Juniperus virginiana of the Cupressaceae family. It is
also known as Virginian, red, eastern red or southern red cedar, as well as Bedford cedarwood. This
clean smelling, balsamic oil does not only help calm and balance energy, but also promotes
spirituality, while helping to clear the respiratory system of excess phlegm and catarrh. It sorts out
urinary tract infections, as well as bladder and kidney disorders, while improving oily skin and
clearing up dandruff. It has a soft, woody and "pencil-like" smell and has a faint undertone of
sandalwood. It is pale yellow to light orange in color and is viscous.
The tree is native to North America and grows up to 30 meters (100 feet) and ages up to 1,000
years. This is the tree Solomon used to build the Temple in Jerusalem. Cedrus libani or Lebanon
cedar, from which the first essential oil was extracted, is very scarce due to over use. The
Egyptians used the oil in the mummification process, in cosmetics and as a insect repellant, while
native Americans used Cedar oil in medicine and burnt it for purification. These days the wood is
often used in the making of pencils and boxes.
Wood chips and sawdust are subjected to steam distillation to extract the oil and the yield is about
35 %. The main chemical components of cedarwood oil are a-cedrene, b-cedrene, thujopsene, other
sesquiterpenes, cedrol and widdrol. In high concentration, cedarwood oil may irritate the skin and it
should be avoided in pregnancy.
The therapeutic properties of cedarwood oil are antiseborrhoeic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, tonic,
astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, insecticide, sedative and fungicide. Cedarwood oil
benefits the skin by its sedating ability which relieves itching. Its astringent action is great for acne,
oily skin, as well as for hair and dandruff. It helps with chest and urinary infections, acts as a
general tonic and has a pronounced effect on mucus membranes. It has a calming and soothing
effect on the mind and is of great help in conditions associated with anxiety and nervous tension. It
is also of value in cases of arthritis and rheumatism.
Cedarwood oil's great benefit lies in its ability to calm and sooth nerves. It relieves skin and hair
problems and is important in easing conditions of a respiratory nature. It also clears urinary
infections, rheumatism and arthritis.

Burners and vaporizers

o In vapor therapy, cedarwood oil can be used for arthritis, bronchitis, rheumatism,
respiratory problems, as a general tonic and as an insect repellant.
Blended massage oil or in the bath
o Cedarwood can be used in a blended massage oil, or diluted in the bath to assist
with asthma, bronchitis, respiratory problems, catarrh, cystitis, painful joints, oily
skin and dandruff. Care must be taken that it does not cause irritation to the
mucus membranes.
In a cream
o When diluted in a cream, cedarwood oil is of great value to combat oily skin and
related problems, as well as dermatitis and psoriasis, while bringing relief to the
scalp from dandruff.

It blends well with benzoin, bergamot, cinnamon, cypress, frankincense, jasmine, juniper, lavender,
lemon, neroli, rose and rosemary.

2. Cassia (Cinnamomum cassia)

Cassia oil is extracted from Cinnamomum cassia (also known as C. aromaticum and Laurus cassia)
of the Lauraceae family. It is also known as false cinnamon and cassia lignea. Although cassia oil
can be a skin irritant, it does have some good properties and this warm exotic oil is more than just
a fragrant oil, as it can be used in fever, chills and for supporting the digestive system. Cassia oil
has a warm pungent smell.
It is native to China and is also known as cassia bark or Chinese cinnamon. This slender, evergreen
tree grows up to 20 meters (65 feet) high, with thick, leathery leaves and small white flowers. The
flowers are followed by single-seeded berries the size of small olives. Cassia bark is widely used to
flavor curries, in baked foods, candies and soft drinks.
Cassia oil is extracted from the leaves, bark, twigs and stalks by steam distillation. Cassia oil should
not be used on the skin as it is a dermal irritant, dermal sensitizer and is a mucus membrane
irritant. It must also be avoided in pregnancy. The main chemical components of cassia oil are
cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamyl acetate, benzaldehyde, linalool and chavicol. The therapeutic
properties of Cassia oil are carminative, anti-diarrhea, anti-microbial and anti-emetic.
Cassia as a dried herb can be useful for digestive complaints such as flatulence, colic, dyspepsia,
diarrhea and nausea. It can also be used for colds, influenza, fevers, arthritis and rheumatism.
Cassia oil should not be used in massage therapy.

Burners
o In vapor therapy cassia oil will assist with fevers, colds, flu, low vitality, chills and
will also support the digestive system.
In a cream
o Although cassia oil is a dermal irritant, it can be of benefit for arthritis and
rheumatism if included in a formula at a very low inclusion rate.

Cinnamon essential oil (leaf) information

Cinnamon essential oil is extracted from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (also known as C. verum and
Laurus cinnamomum) of the Lauraceae family. It is also referred to as Ceylon, Madagascar,
Seychelles or true cinnamon. This spicy essential oil has great value in aromatherapy and it fights
exhaustion and a feeling of depression and weakness. It has powerful anti-rheumatic properties, is
useful in the digestive system, while fighting colds and flu as well. Cinnamon leaf oil, which we sell,
has a warm, spicy musky smell and the oil's color varies from yellow for the leaf oil and red-brown
for the bark oil, which is not usually used in aromatherapy. The viscosity is medium to watery. A
native to Indonesia, but cultivated in Sri Lanka and India, the tree is rust-colored and can grow up
to 15 meters (45feet), but is kept down to 6 feet for commercial reasons.
It has shiny, leathery green leaves and small, white flowers, with oval shaped purple berries. The
bark is pale brown and papery, with thick quills that roll inside one another, and is gathered every 2
years. The Greek word 'Kinnamon' means 'tube' or 'pipe'. Cinnamon oil was used as a temple
incense, while the Egyptians used it for foot massage, as well as a remedy for excessive bile. It was
also used as an ingredient for mulled wines, love potions and as a sedative during birth. It was an
important trade commodity between India, China and Egypt.
The leaves and twigs or inner dried bark are subjected to steam distillation. The leaves yield 1.6 1.8 % and the bark 0.5 - 1.00 % oil. The essential oil that we sell is extracted from the leaves, as it
yields a more delicate oil. The main chemical components of the essential oil, obtained from the
leaves, are eugenol, eugenol acetate, cinnamic aldehyde and benzyl benzoate
Cinnamon oil, that is extracted from the leaf, is non-toxic. Caution must be exercised since the
cinnamaldehyde and eugenol contained in the oil could cause irritation, especially to the mucus

membranes, so this oil should be used with care. Due to the emmenagogue action of the oil, it
should be avoided in pregnancy.
High dosages can cause convulsions. The leaf oil should be avoided during pregnancy, while the
essential oil extracted from cinnamon bark should be avoided in total, as it is considered to be a
dermal toxin, irritant and sensitizer.
The therapeutic properties of cinnamon oil are analgesic, antiseptic, antibiotic, antispasmodic,
aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, carminative, emmenagogue, insecticide, stimulant, stomachic,
tonic and vermifuge. Cinnamon oil can be used for infection of the respiratory tract, rheumatism,
arthritis and general pains. It calms an exhausted feeling of depression, tones the whole body and
stimulates the glandular system, thus easing period pains.
Cinnamon oil's benefit lies in its toning and calming effect on the respiratory tract, the nervous
system, and in the easing of colds and influenza, as well as period pains. It also calms the digestive
system and helps with rheumatism and arthritis. Although traditionally used for clearing warts, it is
not recommended to be used in skin care products.

Burners and vaporizers

o In vapor therapy, cinnamon oil can be used in acute bronchitis and colds, as well
as sneezing and to help lift depression and a feeling of weakness.
Blended oil or in the bath
o Cinnamon oil can be used in blended massage oil, or diluted in the bath, to assist
with bronchitis, diarrhea, chills, infections, flu, rheumatism and arthritis. Due to
its very powerful antiseptic properties it is good for fighting any infectious
diseases. It furthermore has great value in calming spasms of the digestive tract,
nausea and vomiting. It stimulates secretion of digestive juices, while easing
muscular and joint pains associated with rheumatism and arthritis. Care should
however be taken not to irritate the skin and mucus membranes.
In a cream or lotion
o As with the above, cinnamon oil can help with digestion, rheumatism and
arthritic pain. It helps to fight colds and flu when used in the formulation of a
cream or lotion.

It blends well with benzoin, cloves, coriander, cardamom, frankincense, ginger, grapefruit,
lavender, rosemary and thyme.
1. Aloes or Sandalwood (Santalum album)
Our sandalwood oil is from India and extracted from Santalum album of the Santalaceae family and
is also known as East Indian sandalwood, santal, saunders and sandalwood Mysore and should not
be confused with the cheap sandalwood available from Australia. Although expensive, this oil has
wonderful qualities for relieving both chest and urinary tract infections, while assisting the skin in
promoting hydration and moisture and for the mind it creates a calming and harmonizing effect,
while reducing tension and confusion.
The oil has a woody, exotic smell, subtle and lingering and the color is pale yellow to pale gold. Our
essential oil contains 90% santalol - making it a very superior sandalwood oil.
Sandalwood is an evergreen, parasitic tree that burrows its roots into other trees. It can grow up to
9 meters (30 feet) high and has a brown-gray trunk, many smooth slender branches, leathery
leaves and small pink-purple flowers. It can take thirty to sixty years for a tree to reach full
maturity, when it is cut and distilled and the yellowish wood is sold in thin scrapings. It is agreed
that the best sandalwood oil is from Mysore in India. The documented use of the wood goes back
4000 years and caravans carrying this wood from India to Egypt, Greece and Rome were a familiar
sight. Many temples were built from the wood and the Egyptians used the oil in embalming.

Sandalwood is much in demand as incense and has a calming effect during meditation. Swahra
yoga recommends it for the union of the senses and Tantric yoga for the awakening of sexual
energy.
Once Sandalwood was used for making furniture and caskets, but as the tree is nearly extinct, it is
only used for the distillation of oil. Because of the threat of total extinction, this oil is now very well
controlled in India - but has caused the price of this very fine oil to soar, and become one of the
most expensive essential oils on the market - and for that reason we offer the pure oil, as well as a
more affordable blend which contains 25% of the pure oil.
Sandalwood oil is extracted from the chipped heartwood by steam distillation and yields 4 - 6.5 %.
The main chemical components are santalol, santyl acetate and santalene. Our essential oil
contains 90% santalol. It is considered a non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing oil.
The therapeutic properties of sandalwood oil are antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic,
astringent, carminative, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, sedative and tonic. This relaxing oil has a
harmonizing and calming effect which reduces tension and confusion and is ideal for use in
depression, hectic daily lifestyles and states of fear, stress, nervous exhaustion, chronic illness and
anxiety. It is very useful for any chest complaints as it has a pronounced effect on the mucus
membranes of both the pulmonary as well as genito-urinary tract - making it very effective for
complaints of the urinary tract as well.
Chronic chest infections, sore throats and dry coughs as well as bronchitis and asthma can benefit
greatly from this oil, as well as cystitis and bladder infections, also helpful with sexual problems
such as frigidity and impotence.
On the skin, sandalwood oil relieves itching and inflammation of the skin, and is most effective in
relieving dehydrated skin - making it great for anti-ageing skincare - and the astringent action has a
great toning effect and is also used with great results in oily skin conditions and to prevent the skin
from forming ugly scars and for fighting dry eczema. Sandalwood oil can be helpful for the nervous
system, for chest and urinary tract infections, for sexual problems and for skin care.

Burners and vaporizers

o In vapor therapy, sandalwood oil can be used for its aphrodisiac effect, to help
clear bronchitis, coughs, chest infections, asthma, insomnia, irritability, nervous
tension, stress, tension, for relaxing and as an insect repellant.
Blended massage oil or in the bath
o As a blended massage oil or diluted in the bath, sandalwood oil can assist with
bladder infections as well as chest infections and bronchitis, coughs, dry eczema,
insomnia, forming scar tissue, irritability, nervous tension, stress, tension, as an
aphrodisiac and for relaxing.
Gargle
o It can be effective when diluted and used as a gargle for a sore or dry throat.
Lotions or creams
o When used in a lotion or cream sandalwood oil can assist with chapped, dry or
inflamed skin and has wonderful moisturizing and hydrating properties, which
are great for anti-ageing skincare. The toning effect is useful when fighting oily
skin.

Although essential oils blend well with one another, Sandalwood oil blends particularly well with
Bergamot, Black pepper, Geranium, Lavender, Myrrh, Rose, Vetivert and Ylang-Ylang.

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