Pharmaceutical potential phytomedicinals :

treatment / eradication of human immunodeficiency virus < HIV >

LightningIce
Sep, 2015

Abstract
Phytochemicals within herbs such as Croton lechleri, Phyllanthus niruri and Nelumbo nucifera have
been isolated and studied. They have displayed potent antiviral and antiHIV activities, in some of
the experiments carried out. Though extensive investigations into many aspects of their antiviral and
immunopotentiating properties have yet to be looked into, pharmaceutical potentials for further
developments into vaccines / drugs are inherent within and remains to be explored. This discussion
presents an overview of HIV infections, existing treatments while highlighting herbs with exciting
research and developmental potentials.
Introduction
Upon watching the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, was touched by the plight of those infected and at
risk, which gives rise to this article. Viral pathogens are hard to eliminate and contamination occurs
very easily though membraneous contact, blood contaminations, consumption of contaminated
food / fluids / utensils, or aerosol inhalations of live strains within the environment.
Gay and bisexual men are at high infection risk as the membranes lining rectum region is very
permeable thus facilitating viral entry, physiological function of this permeability enables the
reabsorption of water and nutrients when clearance occurs from the system. Though not as
permeable, females get infected too as uterus cells also lack sufficient immune protection from viral
contact. Variability between these permeabilities would lead to a lesser quantum of viral load when
infection occurs. However in females, the virus travels quickly to the womb region, thus making
pregnancy dangerous as the neonate risks infection, while risk of infertility is high as well.
When ejaculations occur within the anal region by an infected partner the virus is released infecting
deeper within the rectum region while some might pass within the blood leading to viremia or being
lodged within other systemic organs most often the main blood pump, cardiac and the detoxification
system of kidneys thus causing localized infections / latencies. When uninfected, ejaculations within
the rectum are good for the system as spermatozoons contains lots of essential minerals and
nutrients, these often are absorbed by the blood stream and circulate within the cerebral
vasculatures nourishing cells. Thus, due to circulatory routes HIV is able to infect regions within the
cranium as well resulting in ailments such as HIV associated dementias / AIDS dementias along
with hastening infections if colonized by neurosyphilis or the formations of cerebral lymphomas if
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opportunistic pathogens like herpes invade the system.

Likewise, gum membraneous contacts risk pathogenic transfers, so do drinking of infected
ejaculations or seminal fluids; though hiv transmission rates via this oral route method have been
very low < Page-Shafer, et al, 2002 >. The virus might enter the lungs from aerosol inhalations / oral
route, with bleeding, sored, inflamed, ulcerated or injured oral membranes / gums / throat infection /
accompanied by other preexisting sexually transmitted pathogens such as Haemophilus influenza
commonly found in oral cavities of HIV positive entities < Kistler, et al, 2015 > causing septic
arthritis < Blanche, et al, 1996 > and urethritis < Hsu, et al, 2015 > / genital sores or menstruation
flows increasing the risk factor and initiating a regional infection / downstream; establishing latency
within dust cells, region of which is commonly infected < Tavares, et al, 2007 >.
Semen and plasma viral loads vary, viral quantums are not exact reflections of the other < Liuzzi, et
al, 1996 >, however the risk of transmission through semen increases if active shedding of virus is
ongoing, especially during the early stages of antiviral therapy when lots of virus are eliminated.
High viral loads are often found within semen and seminal plasma, though less than in blood
plasma; these have been found to have been reduced by ART therapy < Gupta, et al, 1997 >.
From the biomolecules and chemical compositions of seminal fluid mainly water, acid phosphatase,
citric acid, fibrolysin, fibronectin, fructose, fatty acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc and
spermatozoons; it ought to be tasteless with merely a very light tinge of salt. Any deviations from
that, which might range from sour to bitter or pungent; or signs such as itch, sudden tingling
sensations, pain, inflammations, swelling or soreness upon contact, indicates a pathogenic infection
which will be sexually transmitted; it is not to be swallowed, while the oral cavity requires
disinfection < non drinkable, mild hydrogen peroxide / menthol solution mouthwash rinse > and
antiviral drugs taken in the event of a diagnosed infection.
To minimize risk, pre exposure prophylaxis < PreP > drug intakes lower infection occurrences,
while HIV infected entities will decrease transmission with regular and consistent antiretroviral <
ART > therapy. Started at the earliest diagnosis of ailment, they reduce HIV mortality, progressions
towards acquired immune deficiency syndrome < AIDS > and complications / severities from
opportunistic pathogenic infections < Meintjes, et al, 2010 >. In uninfected entities, swallowing of
ejaculation is healthy for the biosystem, there is also a high concentration of hyaluronic acid within,
which nourishes cells and produces a nice complexion.
Semen mediated transmissions have been found to be highest through sexual intercourse, as
prostatic acid phosphatase forms strings of amyloid fibril peptides leading to an anchorage medium
for the attachment and subsequent transfers of HIV < Mnch, et al, 2007 >. Coupled with genital
membrane permeabilities, thin membrane mucosa, high blood perfusions, lack of salivary enzymatic
protections along with high fluid concentrates and low molar concentration solutes, hypotonicity of
saliva which causes influxes, swellings and lysis of infected macrophage, monocytes and
lymphocytes leading to discoveries of noninfectious viral components within HIV+ saliva samples <
Baron, et al, 1999 > and varied immuno environments as compared to the oral routes, which are
much lower in transmission rates. If sexual activities are to be proceed with after an infection noted,
a condom will reduce infection risk. If condom vending machines are increased in numbers and
distributions, especially at high risk prone or infection areas, along with HIV awareness created,
that might encourage and facilitate safer sex practices.
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Apart from high testosterone and androgens which lead to a high sexual appetite in gays, some
females also have high androgen quantums bringing about the same scenario, thus leading to many
sexual partners, a higher risk of mating with someone infected and spreads thus occurs; other
factors also lead to infections. Transmissions of HIV via sharing of needles in drug addicts and
mutual tattooing can be reduced if awareness of pathogenic risk are raised, they just have to pass the
needles through a lighter's flame to eliminate any pathogens and allow it to cool for a while before
usage. However if any pathogens get within the syringe which sometimes occurs if the needle is not
fully depressed and a backflow of some virally infected blood occurs; or if pathogens enter the ink
well, transmissions are inevitable.
Drugs provide a high and transient release from a reality sometimes too harsh for one to coupe with,
but the detrimental effects are not worth it. They destroy the neurons / neurocircuits, when
addictions occurs the concurrent usages bring about further brain damages / cognitive impairments
along with systemic declines and injuries as well. Many methamphetamine < METH > users
eventually start reporting similar hallucinations of insects crawling under the skin, this corresponds
with the itches brought about by the drug; but by the time they are at this stage the biosystem is
already very near the edge of the cliff and some of their cognitive sectors are already gradually
fading. Overdoses when one's mental clarity is compromised as they are already experiencing effects
of the drug, are rather frequent and hazardous too.
In studys examining the effects of METH use in HIV infected entities and its impact upon the
immune system, it was found that it causes cellular mitochondria damages and dysfunctions,
generates high quantums of reactive oxidative species, dims the potencies of both innate and
adaptive immune reactions; increases transient CD iv+ and CD viii+ T cell activations along with
their virally infected proliferations which then lead to subsequent immune exhaustion along with
lymphocyte non reactivities to other viral infections, impairs antigen presentations, causes greater
long term immune suppression, viral reservoirs were also increased, with high quantums of viral
DNA and RNA surfacing within infected blood, along with viral shedding within seminal plasma;
these lead to decreased effectiveness of ART therapies, viral suppression delays, higher rates of viral
mutations causing drug resistance and accelerates development towards AIDS with a higher
transmission risk < Massanelle, et al, 2015 >.
It was also discovered that HIV reverse transcriptase activities within macrophages were increased
by monocyte dna expression pattern modulating METH, along with upregulating often targeted for
viral replication, macrophage CCR v co-receptors facilitating HIV bindings and cellular entries,
halting signaling cascades, inhibiting cytokine expressions and transcription activities, thus
enhancing macrophage infections < Liang, et al, 2008 >. In experiments carried out in T
lymphoblast, dopamine was found to upregulate HIV replications < Scheller, et al, 2000 >, it's D i
receptor expressions were found enhanced in quantums within the nucleus accumbens of METH
users; potentiating the risk of high viral loads and latencies within macrophages expressing these
receptors, microglia and astrocytes < Narasipura, et al, 2014 > of cerebral systems if hiv enters the
region initiating neuro acquired immunodeficiency syndrome < neuroAIDS >, exacerbating cerebral
pathologies. Combined with drug intakes synaptic plasticity is affected and inhibited from occurring
< Hauser, et al, 2015 > while p xxxvii mitogen activated protein kinase < MAPK > signaling
cascades are affected within neurons and monocytes leading to neurotoxicities < Medders, et al,
2011 >.

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Scheller and team discovered that antioxidants were found to nullify HIV replicative effects <
Scheller, et al, 2000 >. Lack of antioxidants and high oxidative stress generated from these viral
infections leads to increases in reactive oxidative species < ROS > especially hydrogen peroxide and
superoxide, these free radicals induce cellular damages causing latent virus within to replicated,
inducing cellular lysis and spreads instead, while damaging endothelia cells within cardiovascular
system, initiating demyelinations, cerebral lesions and leading to axonal degenerations.
Dopamine quantums reduces cellular apoptosis from free radical overloads < Cai, et al, 2015 >,
mediating a neuroprotective / cytoprotective effect. Often found in higher quantums at production
sites situated at substantial nigra pars compacta which synthesizes neuromelanin, process of which
generates high concentrates of free radicals; hypothalamus arcuate nucleus and midbrain's ventral
tegmental regions; along with regions with high receptor expressions of nucleus accumbens,
striatum, vasculatures, lymphocytes, gastrointestinal tracts, kidneys and pancreas.
However their high quantums lead to increases in viral replications after host cellular genome
integrations during periods of dormancy, which could have been due to free radical neutralization
reactions occurring which generates and dissipates high quantums of heat during their electron
transmissions; thus disrupting lysogenic latency as infected HIV / HPV cells transverse either
pathway based on preexisting cellular conditions, driving them towards replicative lytic cycles
instead; releasing increased viral loads, destroying T cells and enhancing virulence and
pathogenicities.
This scenario is akin to psychopaths found in a recent study to kill familiar victims they have know
for some time < Farrell, et al, 2013 >, or after attacking their defenses with concurrent assaults and
terroristic tactics more often portrayed as occasional bombings upon the same building till it can
never be repaired; destroying each and every repair efforts; along with the lives of those involved /
targeted, causing a severe weakening, afterwhich they subsequently recruit other front line
pathogenic / cancerous types to complete the kill with extreme violence, which sums up how hiv and
opportunistic infections destroy a healthy biosystem : prolonged, worst with durations of infections,
extensive and an end point of a biosystem too weakened and inflicted with ailments and damage to
even recover, rejuvenate or regenerate; mixed with various pathogenic viral loads / cancer metastatic
spreads too massive and highly concentrated to even eradicate. Which equates to an untreated /
nonmedicated HIV infection that develops into AIDS and all its accompanying downstream
infections and complications.
This concept might not ring a bell in many who are safely situated in countries with few pathogenic
type of entities, living a smooth, unhindered, threat free existence and in blissful oblivion; whereby
life, education, career, aims and goals flows in accordance to one's free will, efforts, dedications and
directional choices. But for others stranded in regions heavily saturated with psychopaths and
pathogenic types of the worst kind, concurrently harassed, attacked and assaulted upon running
into them, denied the right to education and work because they are described as different, not an
insect and non pathogenic, termed as the prey type that they kill, being concurrently shouted at with
the most violent, vulgar and evil threats, stolen from, assaulted and killed off if they persist; having
all their hard work, directions, pathways, belongings destroyed and loved ones hurt / mutilated /
killed, till there is no movement space left; some term this as the absolute cessation of a reason to
live. Living in accordance to free will, certainly a most beautiful term, but it is a mere notion while
the harsh environment dictates their life instead; the example described would be sadly, all too
familiar.
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Threats are seen as an impossible nightmare to some safely living in their ivory tower; while living
safely, unhandicapped / unhindered, in accordance to free will, is perceived as an unrealistic
daydream to others trapped within a negative environment; yet both are realities, merely a situation
where both viewpoints lack awareness due to lack of exposure / experience. Reminiscent to a very
fine, slim but extremely clear line existing between a vaccinated primed immune condition and an
unvaccinated one vulnerable to infections. Also similar to the contrast between a healthy and a HIV
infected biosystem.
Akin to being car chased for an extensive duration by a few iii ton vehicles bent on collision
causative to the point of near exhaustion, run off the highway, crashing into a ditch with a well
taken care of and constantly maintained car totally wrecked up and left there severely injured and
immobile, frequently targeted to be killed off as the previous crash left the entity still barely viable;
with solid wall road blocks placed all around to prevent the vehicle from even carry on its journey
after repair and it being targeted for collision once more, the moment it attempts to evade the road
blocks and carry on its mobility despite extensive injuries. Ignoring these life threats or being blind
to their existence, is no different from fully saturating a shallow microwell with lots of receptors,
adding just a few corresponding ligands within and expecting results with absolutely zero
conjugation occurrences.
The experience of somatic death might be the same in all physiological beings, yet reactions to the
actual impeding occurrence varies, the oblivious ones are unaware of the pain of a biosystem
shutting down till it reaches end point of irreversible destruction, part by part, an excruciating slow
and acute process though it might take merely minute, when pain is felt, durations tend to be
experienced as amplified prolonged drags; the ability to physically perceive each closure and
resulting burning sensations from cellular / tissue death, organs gradually moving from dysfunction
to nonfunctionality, the sensations of drowning yet being trapped in, struggling to breath yet unable
to as excruciating pain engulfs the entire system as the respiratory units start to collapse, or the
extreme acute pain that cardiac death brings, or the fact that cerebral death and a final complete loss
of awareness occurs only some time after cardiac death; thus they are calm and proceed towards it
unafraid, cognitively perceiving it as ' off it goes like a light switch ' a non threat and not much to
even think about, or bother with.
Others that are aware of the actual procedure along with the physical sensation experienced at that
point would panic, as recognition occurs and perceptions of the threat to a deeper extend results.
Akin to antigen presentations and immune system primings, mediating immune activations and
systemic defenses; rather than a non reactive immune system that does not even recognize or mount
an immune response towards HIV, pathogenic entries or cancer growth and developments resulting
in sustained infections and cancer formations. Something which occurs during immunodeficiencies,
suppressions or immunoexhaustions.
After an extensive and lengthy duration of observations, it seems that many are upon the consensus
that committing suicide by a drug overdose will be the best way to go. As they will not feel the
actual effects of death. However this is largely dependent about the extend of physical numbing
effects the particular drug produces, while whether they actually loose consciousness before the
actual event is highly questionable. Animals in slaughter houses and ' shelters ' / pounds that kill
them, are not even spared the last droplet of human <?> compassion, whereby they are forced to
undergo tremendous pain and suffering without even an initial dosage of general anesthesia which
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would have lead to cerebral unconsciousness prior to the onsets of systemic shunt downs and
eventual death which would by that time seem like a last quantum of solace beset upon the
biosystem by its creator.
If an entity sees a particular object in mere shadows and outlines rather than an actual iii
dimensional form, accurately, detailed and in depth as retina visual perceptions and circuit pathways
portray it as it is; awareness thus reactions, both cognitive and emotive, would differ extensively.
Likewise if everything were seen in the form of vibrating particles, light and energy fields,
perceptions towards the very same object would vary as well. Which is how the system reacts to a
pathogenic invasion, it either ignores it, attacks it or mounts an extensive immune reaction towards
it. Thus the necessities of ART / HART therapies, antiHIV drugs and vaccine developments as HIV
results in immunodeficiencies / an immunocompromised condition, weak immune defense by the
host biosystem and hibernations within the very T cells that would otherwise be eliminating harmful
pathogens as part of the well orchestrated biosystemic immune response / reaction.
Many studys have found HIV to attack almost the entire repertoire of lymphoid T cells, with a novel
discovery in human cell culture accurately unraveling that caspase i activations leading to pyroptosis
occur in nonpermissive CD iv+ T cells, that constitute the majority, as a means to prevent further
infections of the system, but a negative feedback occurs instead as other T cells influx the region
leading to inflammatory cellular death of a high T cell quantum, resulting in immune depletion
coupled with chromic inflammations, while caspase iii mediated apoptosis sets in when HIV infects
permissive CD iv+ T cells < Doitish, et al, 2013 >. This progression is onset when intercell viral
transmission occurs < Galloway, et al, 2015 >.
T cells that infiltrate the region of pyroptosis attempt to save the lysed cells, when signals of an
uncombatable viral infection is released. As the virus has entered through it's chemokine receptor
doorway CCR v / CXCR iv < Marques, et al, 2007 > and are stuck within, the T cells wants to get
rid of it. Preventing further infections through it's hijacked synthesis machinery and inhibiting
subsequent systemic spreads. But it's only effective method involves creating a massive immune
reaction, which would bring about its cellular self destruction too. However these rescue T cells are
destroyed by the massive inflammation meant to kill off the internalized HIV instead.
As the immune system is perfectly orchestrated and synchronized, it would be strange if they
chanced upon a trap another immune cell died trying to set for the infiltrated virus, along with the
virus infecting cells within surrounding tissue region. Perhaps it was more of a final option when
infiltrated by virus, an innate mechanism to reduce systemic viral loads as a whole. As HIV survives
mainly in blood, by taking away any possible host for their replications, thus leading to an eventual
depletion of HIV quantums in the long run; protecting the biosystem from the particular infectious
strain that is attempting to destroy it. However with a sharp decline in T cell pools, pathogenic
infections would set in without the protections of these infected immune cells, while macrophages
and other types of immune cells start being used by HIV as latency reservoirs instead, this leads to
severe immunocrippling and immunocompromised states.
Clinical trails have yet to be carried out to determine if overall HIV viral loads would decrease if left
untreated and isolated within a totally sterile and pathogen / contaminant free environment, with
absolutely no risk of opportunity infections developing and whether T cell pools would be
replenishes with quantums recovered after the initial viral loads are diminished / eradicated? If other
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immune system cells are further primed in HIV recognition and upregulated, while T cell stem cell
pools are replenished, along with removing integrated viral genomes from infected T cells would this
newly amplified immune reaction be able to aid in viral clearances of the remaining loads?
But then again cancers might develop even if opportunistic infections are prevented from occurring,
arising from transcription errors / mutations brought about by remaining cellular damages and
assaults inflicted by HIV which would lead to varying results, affecting recovery, thus nullifying the
purpose of the trial and rendering it pointless. Unless anticancer vaccines are developed and trail
participants prevented from undergoing accompanying downstream cancer developments. Then
perhaps the immuno blueprint about clearance of an HIV infection and purpose of T cell pyroptosis
during an HIV invasion will be known; which can them be amplified / modified for an effective
termination of HIV viabilities and latencies. Host immunity has been cited as a potential target to
halt the mass T cell deaths, keeping potentially infected / infected T cells viable while viruses are
drug targeted < Doitish, et al, 2013 >.
HIV removes the biosystem's defense by attacking most immune system cells, some cellular analysis
of HIV+ patient samples have also discovered that neurons, glial cells < Cant-Nogus, et al, 2005 >,
cardiomyocytes < Lopes de Campos et al, 2014 >, sertoli germ cells < Shevchuk, et al, 1998 >,
spermatogonia, spermatocytes < Muciaccia, et al, 1998 >, ectocervical, endocervical epithelia cells <
Micsenyl, et al, 2013 >, oral keratinocytes < Herzberg, et al, 2011 >, gastric epithelia cells < Liu, et
al, 2013 >, renal epithelia cells < Ray, et al, 1998 > and hepatocytes < Kong, et al, 2012 > are
targeted.
While CD iv+ T cells, monocytes, macrophages, microglia, astrocytes and perivascular monocytes
are common targets for latency, lysis and viral reservoirs. Thus leaving the system susceptible to
attacks by other pathogens and weak against them. When other sexually transmitted ailments are
initially acquired, certain strains such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae < Klotman, et al, 2008 > enhance
HIV transmissions thus facilitating systemic entries, while its activations of TLR ii enhance HIV
infections upon T cells < Dings, et al, 2010 >.
HIV transmission are further enhances during sexual intercourse by lubricants that inflict genital
epithelia injuries and those with ingredients containing polyquaternium xv, such as some from
Astroglide < Begay, et al, 2011 >. While mineral oil within lubricants affect condom integrity <
Voeller, et al, 1989 > causing latex defragmentation and condom tears. Condoms are safer when
paired with water or silicon based lubricants < Ramanathan, et al, 2013 >, however cells and silicon
tend to adhere pretty well, thus water based types would cause less friction.
Natural lubricants such as antiinflamatory, cellular soothing and nutritious pure organic aloe vera
gel, a mucilage portion from its leaves composed of water along with polysaccharides, is also an
alternative. These contain no chemicals, seldom cause an allergy reaction and are cellular healing :
towards lesions, cold sores and tears. It possess antiviral < Mukesh, et al, 2010 > / antiHIV <
Olatunya, et al, 2012 >/ antiHSV ii < Herpes simplex virus type ii > < Zandi, et al, 2007 >,
antimicrobial and antifungal properties. HIV particles have also been found to surface within
condom leaks < Carey, et al, 1992 >, thus they offer only a certain extend of transmission
prevention / protection but some risk is still inherent.
Upon infiltration by other strains of pathogens, heightened immune recruitments occur exposing
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them to HIV's receptor adhesions and entries; while susceptible cells are destroyed further with
constitution declines and downstream ailments / complications arising; which makes it more
vulnerable towards HIV's virulence. Opportunistic infections by fungus, microbes and virus tend to
exacerbate the condition, increasing preexisting HIV viral loads, causing further HIV mutations
into drug resistant strains / and accelerating HIV progression into full blown AIDS.
With low immunity, HIV entities are prone to sexually transmitted disease such as Treponema
pallidum caused syphilis < Lynn, et al, 2004 > with heightened risk of developing neuro-AIDS,
meningitis, brain leisions, strokes, myeloradiculopathy and endarteritis, risk of infections are
reduced with daily intakes of prophylaxis doxycycline < Bolan, et al, 2015 >; herpes; liver failure,
cirrhosis and cancer causing hepatitis C; tuberculosis, Cryptococcosis, Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia along with other environmentally acquired pathogenic infections; if these enter within
the CNS a high risk of developing AIDS dementia complex results. Thus contact with contaminated
environments, fomites or with other infected entities has to be minimized / reduced.
Sexual interactions between ii HIV+ entities is hazardous too, as risk of strain mutations from cross
transmissions are high and thus to be avoided. Higher viral loads have been discovered when an
entity is infected by combinations of various HIV strains < Janes, et al, 2015 >. ART / HAART
therapies reduce the risk of acquiring these opportunistic infections < Iroezindu, et al, 2013 >, but if
onsets occur ART / HAART are to be continued with additional treatments of specifically targeted
drugs towards opportunistic infections and their eliminations.
ART results vary in patients, due to viral loads and respective viral dna / rna, opportunist infection,
along with strain mutations along the way. Immune systems and immunogenic responses of entities
are varied due to the myriad of receptor diversities < Ruggiero, et al 2015 > and antibody
expressions, thus affecting their response towards pathogens, cancers, medications and vaccines.
Precision medicine might be able to look into the varied results and determine if various genetic
expressions give rise to these variations in targeted cell specificities thus aligning treatments in
accordance to dna codings and achieving a higher potency of HIV targeting. Longitudinal
treatments, involve regular assessments of viral loads along with the ART adjustments which would
best work in viral elimination.
Viral replication preventing reverse transcriptase inhibitors also tend to be effective against common
opportunistic infection by hepatitis B < HBV > as well < Ono-Nita, et al, 1999 >, these include
nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors which upon phosphorylations are converted to a
triphosphate form that can be functional intracellularly, bringing about chain termination and
inhibitions of HIV's reserves transcriptase. Normally RNA is transcribed from DNA, but this viral
enzyme reverses the sequence and process. Viral reverse transcriptase is a component necessary for
HIV's transcription of its single RNA strand into a DNA strand, which mediates subsequent
enzymatic genetic combinations as it slots its viral DNA within host genome. Integrating within host
bioproduction machinery, thus creating the initial step of viral replications during lytic cycles. As
cellular replication occurs these integrated viral genomes are also passed along to the daughter cells,
starting a viscous cascade of viral quantum hikes. Once these cells containing viral genomes start
undergoing the lytic cycles, host cells are burst and destroyed while new virus emerges increasing
system viral loads while causing cellular and tissue loss, along with downstream damages
compromising organ / systemic health and functions.
Mechanism of HIV replicative action, utilizing host cells is akin to propagation of wrong data,
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whereby DNA is like the mind, while linear polymer RNA the chain of thoughts that emerge from it
and subsequent protein synthesis from RNA resembles the activities that these thoughts give rise to
thereafter. Such as the misconception about how certain vaccines are actually able to bring about
developments of genetic ailments such as autism which is due to an inborn mutational error in
CDNND2 gene < Turner, et al, 2015 >, has high neural plasticity capabilities and is protective
against dementia and Alzheimers disease onset, with no cases of Alzheimer's disease found
developing in autistic entities < Oberman, et al, 2014 >.
It was discovered that mutations at a phosphorylation site of gene coding for unwanted protein
removal enzyme and synapse enhancing, UBE3A was permanently active in autistic spectrum
disorder< Yi, et al, 2015 >; which highlights why entities with autism do not develop Alzheimer's
disease characterized by excessive amyloid peptide fibril accumulates leading to neuronal
constricting and pathway disrupting tangle formations and decreased synaptic connections with
eventual neuronal loss. This important discovery has great potential towards preventing the onsets
of Alzheimers disease, while preventing the ailment from increasing in severity during onsets; with
probability of vaccine development if further research and developments are carried out in line with
that direction.
The dense synapses and lush dendritic growth also lead to the capacity of developing in depth
cognitive skills as the autistic children get older, which finds them many top jobs at firms that
specifically hire autistic teams due to their high cognitive capabilities < Clarke, et al, 2015> < Stein,
et al, 2015 > and ability to be extremely specialized, while totally / absolutely focused upon the
issues / data that they are working with. Results as to their intellectual abilities have been varied
since the disorder was initially elucidated, with few intelligence test gauges even accurate; as there
has yet to be any customized for each of the respective cognitive hemispheres. The way one cannot
judge mobility skills of an eagle by its inability to swim, or a shark by it's lack of flight.
Thus special education programs / schools, with teaching styles and material that groom and
enhance their innate cognitive abilities are preferred, rather than placing them through a usual ' one
size fits all ' type of education curriculum, which was initially set in place, based upon the majority
of cognitive sectors; of which theirs deviate from, thus lacking precision and proper education that
they require. Performance wise, they tend to excel in theory and facts within fields, such as science,
technology and engineering. Thus these factual subject matters should be introduced to them at a
young age. Memory of factual list, maps, names of parts / components tend to be good too, as it is a
habitual practice they engage in and enjoy since childhood thus strengthening synaptic connections.
Similar perhaps in memory strengths, mainly to taxi drivers who memorize directional road maps,
found to have more structurally well developed, larger posterior hippocampus volumes < Maguire,
et al, 2000 >. While at the opposite side, a world of fiction, actors / actresses who memorize worded
scripts, even expressions, emotions, feelings portrayal, every action and mannerisms pre-scripted;
thus creating fake illusions.
Lack of dense / strong circuit connectivities within the verbal regions of entities with autism, enables
greater density distributions, circuitries and synaptic connections within cognitive regions that
eventually blossom into these cohesive wirings they require to develop intense cognitive abilities /
skills. One of the most misunderstood disorders amongst all the neurological ailments.

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Beings forced to speak or acquire verbal skills when young might affect these wirings, thus a
moderate image to word/s match, way of learning will be a good word recognition training
procedure, without being excessively verbal or disruptive to their delicate cognitive circuitry
developments; especially fragile in the young.
Parents with autistic kids could perhaps understand their introverted natures, preference /
requirements for solitude, allowing them ample space to focus upon thought developments and the
formations of deep insights which they can spend a long time / the vast majority of time doing;
instead of forcing social interactions upon them. They have to be kept away / protected from the
bullies that attack all those that are different from themselves, spending more time in verbal and
physical assaults than in positive constructive thought.
Many autism spectrum kids do well with pet therapy, which works with high efficacy and
effectiveness < Siewertsen, et al, 2015 >. Developing close bonds with pet cats / dogs / ferrets /
horses / hamsters / rabbits / other animals too, sharing their lives with an understanding companion.
Which some families feel showcase a more social side to them, thus improving the silent, seldom
interactive natures of autistic kids; many of which are more comfortable remaining silent and
immersed in their own realm of thought, finding it hard to be detached from them, or even articulate
their thoughts and feelings; rather than being unable to speak. They require showcasing and
explanations of social norms / communications in a factual, presentive way; as social behaviors /
speech tend to be varied and cognitive sector defined; thus enabling awareness and abilities to
handle various social situations.
When the masses think that it is accurate data they are receiving < ex. vaccines : able to create
formations of overclocked brains in a syringe >, panic starts and they attempt to resist vaccines
which are their very key protections from disease and ailment onsets. Those who have been saved
from developing common highly infectious measles < de Quadros, et al, 2008 >, life long persisting
Varicella zoster virus which induces herpes zoster and chicken pox < Siedler, et al, 2013 > and
muscular atrophy causing paralytic Poliomyelitis which is very virulent, shedded in high quantums
and was endemic till a vaccine emerged < Nathanson, et al, 2010 >; will understand the crucial need
for vaccines, their ability to end disease transmissions and epidemics, along with their further
developments especially when faced with common ailments such as cancer and life threatening HIV.
Theses class of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibiting drugs include : Stavudine < Wade,
et al, 2004 >, Apricitabine which leads to a sharp decline in viral loads < Cahn, et al, 2011 >,
Lamivudine which is also effective against HBV, in the event of Lamivudine resistant HBV strains
developing Adefovir has been found effective in their targeting < Benhamou, 2004 >, Emtricitabine,
while a combination of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine functions effectively as a oral PrEP < Kibengo,
et al, 2013 > and combinations of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine with non nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitor Nevirapine is effective in decreasing high viral loads < Amoroso, et al, 2009 >.
Chemically active, viral replication inhibiting, nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Tenofovir, contains a monophosphate attached to its base adenine thus requiring only ii intracellular
phosphorylations, creating its triphosphate nucleoside for activation with high effectiveness against
HIV and HBV < Ristig, et al, 2002 >. Other nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors
include combination of Stavudine, Racivir and Efavirenz which is highly effective in viral loads
reductions < Herzmann, et al, 2005 >.
x

Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors include Nevirapine, Efavirenz which inhibits GagPol polyprotein processing thus preventing HIV replications from continuing during the late
replicative stages, increasing cd iv + T cell counts < van Dijk, et al, 2013 >; while exhibiting cancer
cell cytotoxicities and potently inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell proliferation < Hecht, et al, 2015 >
Etravirine's diarylpyrimidine conformation isomerism enables flexible bindings to HIV's various
reverse transcriptase conformations; it reduces overall viral loads while increasing cd iv+ T cell
counts < Floris-Moore, et al, 2015 >.
Rilpivirine, a flexible diarylpyrimidine carrying out pyrimidine nucleotides resemble is protein
bound and functions in HIV's reverse transcriptase bindings thus inhibiting its polymerase
activities. Found to be potently antiviral < Garvey, et al, 2009 > and prevents HIV infections when
topically / systemically administered < Kovarova, et al, 2015 > with low occurrence of viral
resistance developed < Cecchini, et al, 2015 >
Delavirdine, a bis< heteroaryl > piperazine inhibits HIV's RNA's polymerization into DNA
formation through switching catalytic site's amino acid positions, thus blocking their reactions. It
exerts non competitive, allosteric bindings upon HIV's reverse transcriptase's active site and is
plasma protein bound. Effectively reducing viral loads while improving cd iv+ T cells counts <
Grodesky, et al, 2011 >.
Pyrimidinediones with ii carbonyl groups in place of it's pyrimidine ring structure prevents initial
HIV entires within cells / and inhibits activities of their reverse transcriptase thus preventing viral
reverse transcriptions from being carried out, preventing dna integrations and replications. These
include : i-[< benzyloxy >methyl]-ix-phenyl-cyclohepta[d] pyrimidinedione < BmPCP > discovered
to be extremely effective against HIV's reverse transcription functions < Huang, et al, 2011 >, i-< iiiCyclopenten-i-yl >methyl-vi-< iii,v-dimethylbenzoyl >-v-ethyl-ii,iv-pyrimidinedione < SJ-3366 >
which inhibits both cellular entry and viral replications, found highly potent against various strains
of both HIV i and ii < Buckheit, et al, 2011 >. While v-isopropyl-vi-< i-naphthoyl >-i-[< iiE >-iiiphenylallyl]-ii,iv-pyrimidinedione < xxiii > inhibits viral replication with high potency against HIV i
< Ji, et al, 2006 >.
Protease inhibitors mediate a direct binding upon viral aspartate proteases thus preventing them
from carrying out cleavage upon their long protein precursor gag, gag-pol polypeptide chains into
spliced subunits of functional matured viral protein domains. Thus preventing HIV maturations,
viral replications and inhibiting their multiplications and spreads. These drugs include : Ritonavir
caries out enzymatic inhibition upon protease inhibitor metabolism enzymes, such as cytochrome P
cdl and CYP iii A iv < Zeldin, et al, 2004 >. Thus facilitating smooth protease inhibitor actions
within the system and keeping their quantums in tact. Commonly taken together with other
HAART drugs to potentiate / preserve protease inhibitor functions.
Saquinavir binds upon protease sites in monoprotonated and diprotonatestates on Asp xxv and Asp
xxv' < Wittayanarakul, et al, 2005 >, it is effective in viral load declines and can be combined with
Ritonavir. Indinavir, which increases CD iv+ T cell counts while reducing viral loads; found
effectively functional when further combined with Zidovudine and Lamivudine < Gulick, et al, 1997
>.
xi

Nelfinavir mediates competitive bindings upon both HIV i and ii proteases. Effective against herpes
simplex virus < HSV > type i < Gantt, et al, 2015 >, as an antiviral < Zhang, et al, 2001>, anticancer
< Xiang, et al, 2015 >, antiparasitic against Leishmania < Kumar, et al, 2010 >, Streptococcus
pyogenes < Maxson, et al, 2015 > and antimicrobial < Brning, et al, 2010 > as well.
Fusion inhibitors impede viral entry within cells via blocking HIV's gp cxx, a tri-subunit contained
within the transmembrane enveloped glycoprotein complex / gp xli tri-subunits that carry out entry
pore formations and membrane fusions. These ii sets of tri-subunits mediate receptor / co receptor
attachment bindings to cd iv+ T cells / co receptor ccr v / cxcr iv; thus facilitating its subsequent
membrane fusions and cellular entries.
Peptide biomimetic Enfuvirtide is a competitive inhibitor of gp xli, disrupting interactions between
it's bound i st heptad repeat region and the ii nd gp xli heptad repeat region; preventing viral capsid
entry pore creation upon cd iv+ T cell membranes, thus inhibiting fusions and entries. Effective
against HIV i, reducing viral loads and improving cd iv+ T cell counts < Dwyer, et al, 2006 >. Found
safe and effective when HIV occurs together with congenital bleeding disorder, hemophilia <
Polizzotto, et al, 2007 > and when administered after liver transplants < Teicher, et al, 2009 >.
Maraviroc is a reversible, selective chemokine ccr v receptor antagonist carrying out bindings upon
T lymphocytes and macrophages, thus prevent hiv from attaching it's gp cxx and initiating cellular
entry. Viral loads are reduced while cd iv+ T cell counts improved < Schapiro, et al, 2011 >.
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors, inhibit actions of HIV's integrase thus blocking it's viral DNA
strand insertions within host DNA, preventing downstream replications and loss of host cell DNA
integrities. Viral preintegration complex is formed by integrase and other cofactors after reverse
transcriptase has transcribed inserted viral RNA into DNA, combining them. Reactive hydroxyl
groups are revealed when a nucleotide is removed from each end of iii' viral DNA terminus by
integrase. Nucleus entry by the preintegration complex subsequently occurs, whereby bindings to
host dsDNA is thereafter initiated. This occurs when v' phosphate groups upon host DNA are
uncovered as integrase nicks its dna strands, thus creating covalent bonds between host and viral
DNA. This bondings between unrelated strands completes the viral integration process; with repair
of DNA gaps in between host and viral DNA occurring thereafter by host cellular enzymatic repair
mechanisms.
Raltegravir prevents HIV's preintegration complex from bindings to host cell DNA, thus inhibiting
viral strand transfers. Its hydroxy ketone structural motif has metal chelating properties,
interacting with divalent metals within integrase's active site. Extremely potent, fast acting and
reduces viral loads when taken during pregnancy the neonates were found to be uninfected <
Westling, et al, 2012 >.
Dihydroquinoline carboxylic acid compound Elvitegravir has a similar hydroxy ketone structural
motif structure that inhibits HIV i and ii integrase. Effective against drug resistant strains, capable
of central nervous system penetrations, improving neurocognitive functions < Smurxynski, et al,
2011 > and reduces plasma viral loads. Clinical trials are still ongoing to ascertain it's
neuroeffectiveness and efficacy in reducing csf viral loads.
Prolonged intracellular halflife Dolutegravir binds to HIV integrase's active site, thus inhibiting
xii

replications. Drug to drug interactions are reduced as metabolized is mediated by uridine

diphosphate glucuronosyltranferase i A i and cytochrome p cdl iii A iv, thus it can be safely
combined with other ART / HAART treatments. HIV i mutations are minimal when this drug is
administered < Mesplde, et al, 2015 > thus preventing drug resistance with long term prolonged
intakes. Due to its pharmacokinetic profile, a once daily dosage is sufficient and exhibits high
effectiveness against HIV i, with significant reductions in viral loads < Molina, et al, 2015 >, with cd
iv+ T cell count increases < Patel, et al, 2014 >. Clinical trials are about to start to ascertain if it can
effectively prevent residual replications within cd iv + T cells.
Some ART / HAART treatment drugs contain no risk, while others have some side effects or
contraindications. As results defer in accordance to particular viral strains, mutations,
accompanying opportunistic infections, downstream complications, immunity states, immune
conditions, health conditions, individual genetic elements and cellular genomic profiles < Garvin, et
al, 2015 >; assessments during the entire treatment course is essential along with accessing their
effectiveness and efficacies. Taken in various combinations they can bring about the desired results
if allergy or resistance occur towards a certain drug / combination.
Early ART / HAART makes the therapies more effective as late treatments contain high viral loads
filled with mutated HIV strains that are beyond recognition from their usual protein deviations, to
evade cytotoxic T cells and escape the immune surveillance system; however immune therapy is
possible if NK cells are isolated, trained to recognized the few remaining common unmutated
protein components or new mutations then returned to the system < Deng, et al, 2015 >.
Blood brain barrier penetrative and destructive < Martins, et al, 2013 >, immune dysregulating and
cognitive impairing < Loftis, et al, 2011 >, nigrostriatal dopamine < Volkow, et al, 2001 > and
frontoparietal cortex, striatum and hippocampus serotonin terminals damaging METH < Haughey,
et al, 2000 > use in HIV infections often are accompanied by other pathogenic infections too. Such
as colonizations by hepatitis C, mRNA expressions of which are future upregulated by morphine
enhancing their replications and quantums < Li, et al, 2003 >; while METH taken in combinations
with protease inhibitors are risky and potentially fatal as metabolisms of METH is carried out by
CYP ii D vi which protease inhibitors such as Ritonavir inhibit, thus leaving high dangerous illicit
drug concentrations within plasma < Hales, et al, 2000 >.
Further intensified by alcohol consumptions < Zhang, et al 2003 > which increases severities of
pathogenic infections by these amplified immuno downregulative and suppressive illicit drug effects.
Alcohol use during pregnancy has been found to enhance cord blood monocyte derived macrophage
HIV infections, thus increasing neonatal transmission risk < Mastrogiannis, et al, 2004 >, while
neonatal transmissions were slim when ART therapy was adhered to during a longer durations
<Sturt, et al, 2010 >. Users of METH will require a stronger and more targeted antiHIV medication
to eradicate HIV infections which METH enhances.
Monogamy alleviates HIV risk, while abstinence reduces it completely along with all other sexually
transmitted diseases; but then again infections can also occur within an enclosed poorly ventilated
environment though unlike bacterial, virus do not survive for long when out of the system and in the
environment. If HIV victims are exhibiting flu symptoms, virus tends to be shedding off and leaving
the system though cough vapors or mucous, the usual avoidance of flu transmission procedures have
xiii

to be followed. When the flu symptoms starts they just have to be careful to stay some distance from
others, avoid public non ventilated or poorly ventilated regions, or stay indoors till they are better,
along with avoiding kissing, sexual activity or preparing food / beverages for anyone else.
When the genitals are infected, cells tend to be injured with sensations of inflammations, soreness
and pain; whereby sexual activity might hurt. But if sexual activities do occur when the condition
improves, wearing a condom reduces transmission risk. Some serial sexual offenders after
knowingly testing positive for HIV, do not take their medications, go around sexual assaulting many
victims and not wearing a condom, thus passing the virus to them; these attackers can be placed
permanently in the hospital till recovery occurs before they can be safely integrated back into
society.
When violence is involved along with sexual assault, applicable to any gender; open wounds
sustained will lead to a steeper infection risk rather than in cases of unprotected sex alone. If
obversely cornered, attempts to run will only exacerbate the magnitude of an attacker's violence
along with severities of injuries sustained, same thing occurs if attempting to fight back in defense
when one is physically much weaker. When beaten up by these violent entities, cornered and
overpowered; it will be better to sit with the spine flat against the wall, curl up, while protecting the
cranium and organs. Depending on the types of assaulter/s confronted by, sometimes gentleness can
dissipate aggression, while calmness can melt violence; but this technique is not viable when
attacked by a psychopath, their violent inclinations, destructive ways and murderous actions seem
irrational, but to them killing and harming others especially the innocent is their motivation in life. It
is extreme to the point whereby their cognitive circuitries weaken if they are absolutely inhibited
from carrying out any acts of destruction, harm and violence.
Violence can also be ongoing during a sexual assault rather than just before, some struggle and fight
back during it's occurrence so as to get away, but when an escape is improbable, attackers tend to be
even more aggressive and violent than before resulting in an end point of murder when their initial
intention was rape. In such situations, if victims turn cold, unreactive and still instead the aggression
will decrease and chances too the duration of assault.
Just recently in the UK, someone was grabbed along an open street by ii attackers who tried forcing
her into a car, she was severely beaten up as she resisted, but eventually managed to bite one of
them in the ankle, thus running away and escaping; had she been forced into the car, the outcome
would have been much worse. Avoid walking near roads, if that's inevitable walk in the direction
against traffic flows and keep well away from the curbs.
Some freeze in fear and are unable to move when events such as an attempted ambush and kidnap is
noticed, in situations like that even if the mind is blank, they just have to remember to run in the
opposite direction from the vehicle. Apart from staying vigilant and being aware of surroundings
especially in deserted areas, it will be best never to enter the car of any stranger/s < most often there
are ii in the car > that just stops by and attempt random pick ups. Quite often there is already a plan
and weapon/s prepared, in these sort of scenarios they are just out looking for any vulnerable victim.
Likewise if someone attempts to get someone else in bed through methods of cohesion or hurting
their mind and emotions with words, this sort have physically violent inclinations as well, that may
surface soon or sometime down the road.

xiv

Race, skin color and discrimination are evident during the HIV epidemic, due to circumstances or
environmental factors which lead to their infections which most of the time started out with
discrimination and unfairness having led to this point in the first place. Genomes can also be
analyzed to find out if there are any susceptibilities in certain races leading to these occurrences.
Ailments aside, discrimination by itself might also lead to negative prejudice thus infections or not
was actually not much of a variable to begin with.
In light of the recent mass shooting carried out by the type that term themselves as ' evil clowns ',
one of the cognitive sectors from the extreme left region, it was attributed to racial discrimination. A
convenient cover up that many of them use to avoid the death penalty as well as to stir up racist
movements all over so as to instigate more killings and unrest amongst normally peaceful
inhabitants. By attempting to make it look like a group mindset type of issue, they are attempting to
signal to others with murderous intentions to start expressing contaminations using that as an
excuse. Actually its just the way they express negativing and ill will towards others. In reality, this
types target just about anyone without any pathogenic traits or characteristics. Like bacteria
forming colonys and bioflims, they attempt to shield their evil intentions by making it a racial issue
to escape persecution from the masses thus they prey on minorities instead.
Most often they kill and harm others of the same race as well, the vulnerable types, just keeping it
silent so as to hide behind that ' just a racial thing ' front. Many murders committed by that
particular types exhibiting the same cognitive sectors, when reviewed as case studies is indicative.
They would even go to the extend of attacking another and when defense from the victim occurs,
they would say it is due to race then trick others of the same race into attacking the individual,
instigating a so called racial issue; while hiding the fact that they were the abusive aggressors from
the start thus initiating victim's defense as a form of personal protection.
It's important to realize that various cognitive sectors, many of which are entire opposites, are in
existence within entities of the same race, the way crimes or civil wars occur despite everyone being
of the same skin color. If everyone were to stand under the same rainbow spray foam, they all
emerge the same color after all. Likewise race attributions during the initiation of attacks by extreme
contaminants are not what's presented on the surface. Some cognitive sectors are inclined towards
peace, harmony, kindness and compassion, their opposites exhibit aggressions, hatred for all that are
different, with evil intentions and murderous actions. Attempting to even label others based upon
skin color is like filtering for antigens with very broad, wide holes within a filtration sieve that's
actually almost hollow.
Eons ago when mankind first came into existence, perhaps skin color could be a functional gauge
about traits, characteristics and tendencies as the gene pools were still very much isolated. Thus they
would have had very similar cognitive sectors, however gene pools have been extensively mixed
throughout the generations and with the flow of years, skin color alone can no longer function as an
accurate gauge / indicator as the mixes have given rise to a myriad of cognitive sectors within each
race. In some countries and within certain races, perhaps similarities are still preserved within races
but there would still be some minorities that are from neighboring or varied cognitive sectors.
The mass murderer indicated chinese as being similar to him, as a form of associative, of which he
could form alliances with to terminate other races, thus indicative of the ' white supremacy ' front he
had presented as merely a facade.
However if filtrations are done with extremely fine, particulate mesh sieves, we will be looking at
xv

cognitive sectors exhibiting similar thought patterns, mindsets, traits, characteristics and tendencies
irrespective of something as superficial as appearance or skin shades. Brain circuit pathway
mappings along with corresponding genetic mappings which gave rise to them, when tempered with
proper categorizing, classification, labelings, analysis and insight will perhaps some day bring these
clear cut features to light.
Found it interesting that praises about the complexity of a cockroach's brain emerged from an entity
with lots of criticism about a certain initiative, seeing absolutely no point to it, yet obtaining lots of
funding from it. Same tactics applied by entities with pathogenic traits, diss it to the absolute point
of worthlessness so as to steal it, then sell it off at the highest rate. Criticize and demean someone so
as to manipulate or forcefully acquire from them, same tactic still, just in another application /
context. Yet another evident trait that would commonly surface in abusive relationships or sexual
assault cases.
Baseline circuit pathway dysfunctions are the core of a variety of mental ailments. President
Obama's BRAIN Initiative will be able to elucidate many of the various circuit pathways that make
many entities cognitive circuit pathway profile unique. Potential curatives and circuitry corrections
will then be possible thus alleviating many mental disorders and attenuating some of them all
together as circuitries are the undercurrents that hold everything in place. Like energy fields, the
way biomolecules and pathways are the tiny vibrating particles that are influenced by and move
along and in accordance with these energy weaves and flows.
In the event of psychosis, lack of sufficient cerebral perfusions to dominant cognitive hemispheres
lead to circuitry dysfunctions and thus symptoms, while schizophrenia occurs in entities with
cognitive sectors made up of iii key cohesively wired cognitive regions / parts, when these regions
loose their circuit connections to one another and the synaptic connections split, cognition is
impaired and the ailment arises. This also explains the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis and
schizophrenia which was induced from circuit disruptions, leading to perfusion imbalances and an
uneven distribution and activities of neurotransmitters and their respective receptors, oversynthesis
of receptors / oversensitivities can also occur as a compensatory mechanism when neurotransmitter
quantums are low or flows and transmissions are intermittent / imbalanced; often reflected as excess
hyperactivities in one region and declines in others. Without the proper circuitries functioning at an
optimal, blood distribution disruptions accompany and biomolecule transports are hindered leading
to atrophies or lesions.
If circuit imbalances / dysfunctions can be identified and reconnected back to original in time,
cognition can be restored while atrophies and permanent lesions reduced / prevented. Depression
with its escalations also lead to inabilities to be cognitively functional; gradual loss of firing activities
within cognitive circuits initiate it, which is a condition that can be improved if firings are
normalized, cognitive circuitries are functional, respective cognitive pathways restored and brought
back from their waning states once again. Loops of repetitive behaviors also occur when circuits are
dysfunctional as anterograde memories are impaired leading one to perform a task, only to have
forgotten having done it, thus a cycle of repeats occur. While autistic entities require these repeats
despite having in tact memory circuits as it generates sufficient firing activities within circuits to fuel
their very dense dendrites thus strengthening synaptic connections further.
As blood flow and circuitry are interlinked, the reactivations of silenced pathways due to these
ailments, can be carried out by increasing their activities in the particular dominant cognitive
xvi

region/s that lost its major electric activities. A risk / trauma / pain free and effective method is via
external application of electric pulses. As vasculature pathways are linked at various regions, many
different parts of the physical external structure can affect shunting to cerebral regions, likewise
various organ structures and internal regions as well; thus influencing its cerebral perfusions,
respective distributions and electric activities from electrolyte transports.
Strong charges that cause pain are of the wrong magnitude and require stepping down as pain is
indicative of cellular injury. White / grey matter might not feel sensations of pain due to a lack of
nociceptors; but dura matter is highly dense in nociceptors, these are also contained within brain
neurovasculatures and cranium. Cerebral regions also experience pressure fluxes, tinglings of
electric flows / activities, along with thermo changes; extreme deviations of which causes sensory
pain as well.
When light, low magnitude pulsations of electricity is applied to the right palm, electric activities
within the right prefrontal cortex are improved and enhanced. Likewise pulses at the right forearm
region, just beneath humeral trochea and humeral capitulum region, enhances firings at the right
temporal lobe. A thick layer of gel application enhances charge conduction through the layers of
epithelia and dermal tissue, within the nerves and vascular thus facilitating their passage towards
targeted region, while skin burns reflect lack of conduction medium application and pain is a
reflection of excessively high charge conduction of the wrong magnitude. Muscular twitches are also
indicative of electric quantums that are too high and has to be stepped down. At the right charge,
carried out a few times weekly, these can eventually lead to a reactivation of cognitive region/s.
When these charge applications are ongoing, there will be a very high ongoing ATP utility,
dehydrations are also probable; thus rest, sleep for the electrical wirings and blood perfusions to
coarse through unimpeded, rehydrations along with increasing metabolic intakes to replace ATP
productions after, are indicative.
Much can be understood about the various mental ailments just from investigating it at the essence
of its circuitry level. How these affect cerebral perfusions, neurotransmitters, receptors,
biomolecules and cells can then be investigated and brought to light. Potential treatments can then
be developed from knowledge derived in results and subsequent analysis. Attempts at destroying all
hopes of a spectrum of possible and easily applied cures to eliminate mental ailments due to ones
narrow enclosed viewpoint is most tragic.
Retraction of articles due to intentionally supplied false information has also been a highlight
recently. Some entities are best kept away from projects requiring clear, honest, unadulterated
presentation of accurate data and impartial analysis especially when cognitive sector mappings is
involved. Until today, hemispheric traits are still commonly wrongly portrayed, in opposite most
often; with few accurate sources in existence, left hemispheres are skilled in numeracy and
creativity, whilst right hemispheres are logical / analytical and inventive, high in oxytocin they do
not lack basal compassion, sadly missing in some.
Some reverse facts, messing up everyones data, analysis and research by contaminating the
knowledge pool, tangling up everything, something to be avoided when data presentation accuracy
involving something as crucial as saving lives is involved.
Another example is the fraudulent autism initiating vaccine scare which pretty much frightened the
xvii

masses and took away their only crucial protection from disease / ailments. Autism occurrence is
gene related, a blueprint already set in and predefined when cells are forming during a neonate's
gestation. For a vaccine to be able to even give rise to that is not possible, unless genome editing is
carried out whereby a mutation is induced instead, thus giving rise to autistic expressions. A
negative event like that will be the exact opposite of gene therapy which corrects dna base pair
mutations, thus curing the basal cause of an ailment and alleviating it along with preventing future
onsets / occurrences. All that remains to be done after successful gene therapy would be repair of
the preexisting systemic damages that the ailment brought forth.
Some inoculate ridiculous and fictitious lies to the masses, so as to take away their trusted and
reliable sources of potential protections and treatments. This way they lure the confused and scared
ones towards the data they disseminate instead. Left without any protection or treatment, these
mislead ones end up having to turn to the initiator for so called cures. Some treat genetic non
pathogenic related ailments with intensive macrophage upregulators instead, these can lead to the
developments of an autoimmune condition/s or excessive inflammations resulting in cardiac /
cerebral / cellular damages.
Detoxifications from heavy metals eliminate their accumulations, something that everyone that
requires a healthy biosystem has to carry out due to everyday pollutants / heavy metal exposures in
the air and environment / daily tap water / water contaminations. It is not a cure for gene induced
autism neither will it prevent any recurrences.
When one feels better, it is due to these heavy metal removals which any healthy entity's biosystem
will also be improved with, this does not mean that the autism has been cured or made better.
Likewise carrying out a detoxification of heavy metal during a viral infection will lead to one feeling
better from removals of systemic heavy metal accumulates through the years, thus alleviating free
radicals and oxidative stressors; but the virus is still present and viral load has not been diminished,
neither has the viral infection been specifically targeted or the precise ailment attenuated.
Taking genetically ailment inflicted entities away from reliable treatment sources though misleading
them with lies about fictitious vaccines with incredulous attributes and detoxifications etc
masquerading as cures in order to increase one's clientele, apart from ethics and a questionable
treatment protocol, safety is also an issue in scenarios like that.
Without the protections of preventing vaccines, one is left vulnerable to onsets of disease and
ailments. When they do occur the treatment procedures can be lengthly and healthy cells end up
undergoing unnecessary damages from the disease, when all the hassle and harm could have been
prevented from the start, had a protective vaccine been accepted. With the birth of the brilliant
Precision Medicine Initiative, vaccines can now be matched with an entity's unique genome thus
bringing about clear insights into their effectiveness and efficacy along with genetic suitability.
When cognitive sector mapping coupled with genetic correspondence is complete, loose
classifications of race/ skin color discriminations will no longer hold any rational ground then.
Likewise attempts to hide behind them just to express one's own evil to stir up conflict amongst
entities, avoid responsibilities for murderous actions and create a sense of false righteous amongst
those of the same race; who might very well share the same cognitive sectors of those persecuted yet
who are unaware of the fact that they are equally fair game to this sort, will no longer be feasible or
xviii

possible amongst enlightened masses who can no longer be tricked into thinking otherwise.
Some enjoy frequent sexual encounters with many strangers, a common practice in the gay
community, along with any gender / orientation that favor casual sexual fun; but bondage is not an
option. Someone might be nice throughout, but once tied up and incapacitated, the tide can turn in
an instant, screaming by the time weapons are visible is already too late; this is the methodology
applied by the types that resort to trickery and deceit towards their victims.
Likewise extreme sexual practices like asphyxiations can result in cerebral ischemia, hypoxia,
strokes, permanent brain injuries and cerebral death; similarly mating when intoxicated by alcohol
or under the influence of drugs is dangerous. Thus being aware of the types that have tendencies
towards violent assaults along with their various methods / tactics, some of which have been
described, and being careful about locations and surroundings; can minimize the probability of
being a targeted, or an at risk victim of HIV transmitted by sexual assaults.
In a recent clinical trial conducted by the National Institute of Health, ART has been most effective
in controlling HIV infections along with their transmission, when taken regularly for sometime, in
accordance to dosages and schedule, transmissions to sexual partner or through births have an
extremely low risk of occurrence.
Some potent antiviral herbs are strong against HIV, when taken together with ART they can
potentiate the killing activity against these virus. If further explored and developed, they have
potential therapeutic pharmacological potentials. Viruses destroy cells, so often that they have to
consistently be in a state of dna synthesis and repair, this leads to a high risk of replication errors
which give rise to cancer, a common accompanying occurrence when HIV / HPV / viruses are
present within the biosystem. ART can be taken as soon as an infection is affirmed, so as to
minimize these accompanying risk factors from setting in.
Thus early detections and treatments can reduce the severities of HIV along with many other
downstream opportunistic diseases. Developments of widely distributed and easily accessible HIV
test kits with high accuracy and precision, can lead to increased volumes of testings by many; along
with the awareness of an entity's infection status. If ART and highly active antiretroviral therapy <
HART > which upon coupling, increases potency while preventing systemic drug resistance from
developing; is sold over prescription counters, chances of more infected entities having access to
them will be heightened. Thus facilitating diagnosis, medication intakes and treatments. However
regular visits to a reliable healthcare practitioner for assessments of viral loads, baseline health
analysis, along with tests to ensure that no other opportunistic infections or complications have set
in are still advisable and required at regular intervals for optimal recovery possibilities.
Croton lechleri
Also known as Dragon's blood, Sangre de Draco and Sangre de grado due to it's thick, bright, dark
red hued sap which protects it from sunlight and ultraviolet radiations; however the Euphorbiacea
family's Peruvian Amazon rainforest tree cells do not regenerate after sap is drained from it, thus
plant cell cultures for industrial attainment of its sap, a source of biochemicals in the manufacturing
of drugs will encourage sustainabilities without harm to this beautiful tree.
Growth occurs by river sides within regions of Northwest Peru, upper Amazon regions of Columbia
xix

and Ecuador, a magnificently tall, large and brilliantly spiky tree emerging to heights of x to xx
meters. With a slim trunk of less than xxx cm in diameter and a smooth white bark. Leaves flourish
in the shape of large hearts that are bright and green in shade, with white to green hued flowers.
High in immunomodulating < Risco, et al, 2003 >, antioxidative < de Marino, et al, 2008 >,
antiinflammatory phenols, cancer cell apoptosis inducing < Fayad, et al, 2009 >, cell and tissue
healing, cicatrizant and antiacetylcholinesterase < AchE > taspine < Rollinger, et al, 2006 >; lattice
structured collagen repairing, antifibrogenic < Takami, et al, 2010 >, antisecretory within intestinal
regions < Tradtrantip, et al, 2009 >, antiviral, found effective against influenza A virus, respiratory
syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, HSV ii genital lesions with direct bindings carried out upon
membranes of enveloped virus < Ubillas, et al, 1994 >, hepatitis A, B, C < Takeshita, et al, 2009 > of
which hepatitis C is also inhibited by epicatechins within green tea < Lin, et al, 2013 >; and antiHSV
oligomeric proanthocyanidins < Gescher, et al, 2011 >, an extremely strong antiviral resinous sap
which works effectively against HIV and HSV i and ii, eliminating them eventually and preventing
further replications.
Its equivalent in terms of an antimicrobial is Centella Asiatica which enhances neurite outgrowths,
increasing elongations while accelerating neuronal regenerations < Souymanath, et al, 2005 > and
inhibiting amyloid aggregations < Souymanath, et al, 2011 > thus preventing the worsening of
Alzheimer's disease, functioning in post cocaine abuse cerebral clearances, repairs and
detoxifications. However this is only moderate against microbes, found to be effective against
Escherichia Coli and Bascillus Subtilis < Chen, et al, 1994 >, the way Centella Asiatica has moderate
elimination effects against virus. With both possessing mild anti fungal activities, though the cellular
coating effects of Croton lechleri prevents fungi from securing an anchorage surface. When virus
and microbes are both present within the system, a combination of these ii herbs is extremely potent
in eradicating both the virus and microbes, along with upregulating the immune system and healing
pathogen induced cellular damages caused; they can be safely combined.
In the event of colonizations by virus, bacteria and fungi a combination of Croton lechleri, Centella
Asiatica and frontal cortices, lateral and media septum's acetylcholine receptor m i binding
upregulating, with enhanced m ii bindings mediated within regions of frontal, cingulate, parietal,
piriform, retrosplenial cortical zones; globus pallidus and lateral septum AchE enhancing activities
were also found, with AchE activities downregulated within vertical diagonal band of basel
forebrain nuclei < Schliebs, et al, 1997 >; thus enhancing memory consolidation, amnesia and
cognitive deficits in ailments such as AIDs related dementias and Alzheimers disease, while
functioning as a sedative thus upregulating myelin formations < Bellesi, et al, 2013 > and enhanced
amyloid and toxin clearances during sleep < Xie, et al, 2013 >, Withania Somnifera. It is safe and
effective, together they function in upregulating phagocytic activities necessary to clear off internal
fungi as well.
While external skin applications for fungi eliminations are best mediated by topical applications of
menthol oil, methyl salicylate and camphor, which disinfects skin so strongly and well that all
pathogens upon it are almost instantaneously irradiated, however this analgesic mixture cannot be
applied to membraneous surfaces, internally ingested or within open wounds, however topical
applications at the surface surrounding open wound edges is safe.
Bioactive constituents include calacorene, antimicrobial tricyclic sesquiterpenes copaene; AChE
xx

inhibiting, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, bronchodilating pinene; thujene, neuroprotective,

antinociceptive, antidepressant, cannabinoid receptor selective agonist, antiinflammatory, bicyclic
sesquiterpenes caryophyllene; sesquiterpene, anticancer < Wang, et al, 2005 > elemene;
monoterpene pinene, betaine which enhances cellular water retentions, cellular protective against
stressors within the natural environment < Craig, et al, 2004 >, decreases cortisol and homocysteine
quantums, while increasing oxygenations within muscle tissue thus enhancing performances,
improving liver lipid metabolisms, enhancing methionine, plasminogen inhibitor i and insulin like
growth factor i quantums.
Other bioactive components include bincatriol, iv, v-dihydroblumenol A, blumenol B and C < de
Marino, et al, 2008 >, respiratory irritant borneol, calamenene, bicyclic monoterpene camphene,
lipid reducing < Nagao, et al, 2005 > catechins, cedrucine, crolechinic acid, cuparophenol,
chemopreventive < Sun, 2007 > terpene d-limonene, immunomodulatory phytosterol like
daucosterol found effective in upregulating cd iv + T helper cell i response in Candidiasis, with
higher cytokine productions < Lee, et al, 2007 >; dihydrobenzofuran, skin regenerating, wound edge
contraction inducing, collagen forming and wound healing dimethylcedrusine lignan; antimicrobial
dipentene, antimicrobial and wound healing diterpenes.
Composes erythro-guaiacyl-glyceryl-beta-O-iv'-dihydroconiferyl-ether < de Marino, et al, 2008 >,
eugenol, euparophenol, ii-[iv-(iii-hydroxypropyl)-ii-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-i-iii-diol, floribundic
acid glucoside < de Marino, et al, 2008 >, terpinene, terpineol, antioxidative flavan iii'ol
gallocatechin; potassium ion conduction increases within hippocampal neurons hardwickiic acid
which modulates noradrenaline < [iii] H > Na overflow potentials < Pittaluga, et al, 2013 >;
isoboldine, korberin acid glucoside a and b, insoluble fiber lignin, AChE inhibiting monoterpene
linalool < Praveena, et al, 2011 >; antioxidative, high density lipid peroxidation preventive < Hung,
et al, 2007 >, antibiabetic and antiglycemic glucosidase inhibiting < Patel, et al, 2012 > and blood
pressure lowering alkaloid magnoflorine.
Other constituents include methylthymol; antidiabetic, antipsychotic, antispasmodic, blood pressure
lowering, antimicrobial, anti tumor proliferating, cytotoxicity towards cancer cells < Ferraz, et al,
2013 >, antimutagenic < Kauderer, et al, 1991 >, antiinflammatory, analgesic < Rao, et al, 1990 >
stimulating endogenous opiate release, sedative, cell membrane permeability enhancing
monoterpene myrcene; alkylbenzene p-cymene, pectic acid, antimicrobial phenols; low density
lipoprotein cholesterol lowering < Ostlund, 2004 > phytosterols; comprised of more than xc %
insulin resistance inhibiting < Dorenkott, et al, 2014 >, antiaging flavonoid procyanidins, thus one of
the strongest antioxidants amongst the plant world.
Other effective phytochemicals within are antidiabetic < Liu, et al, 2004 >, cellular protective from
toxicities and apoptosis during amyloid formations in Alzheimer's disease < Peng, et al, 2002 >,
protective towards pulmonary artery endothelia cells from amyloid damages < Liu, et al, 2000 >,
cardiovascular disease risk lowering < Zibadi, et al, 2008 >, wound healing, antioxidative,
neuroprotective against oxidative stressors which makes the cerebral unit vulnerable to cognitive
defects and degenerations < Coyle, et al, 1993 > such as Alzheimer's disease < Smith, et al, 1991 >,
working memory improving < Ryan, et al, 2008 >, vasculature strengthening and blood flow
enhancing pycnogenol; resin; effective against enteric Noroviruses < Kaminoto, et al, 2014 >,
antiinfluenza, antiHSV, antiviral < Ueda, et al, 2013 >, antiparasitic < Hoste, et al, 2006 >,
antimicrobial < Buzzini, et al, 2008 >, astringent polyphenol tannin; antiviral, antiHSV, antisarcomic,
xxi

anticancer with especially high potency against melanoma < Montopoli, et al, 2012 >,
antiinflammatory and wound healing taspine alkaloid; terpinen-iv-ol and hiv i integrase inhibiting <
Quefflec, et al, 2008 > phenolic aldehyde vanillin.
Apart from strong antiviral activities, functions include effectivity in improving diabetes, immunity
strengthening, cellular regenerative, neurasthenic, analgesic, strong against retroviruses and
cytomegaloviruses, insect bites / stings, functions as a moderate adaptogen though weaker in
activities than Eleutherococcus senticosus; strengthens organs of cardiac, lungs, joints and bones;
bone fractures / cracks, sprains, abrasions, bruises, antiaging, tonifying, enhances bone marrow
activities, halting internal / external bleedings, hemorrhages after neonate deliveries, vagina
disinfections prior to births, attenuates high blood pressures lowering it, accelerates wound healing,
protective barrier formations over open wounds / sores, diabetic ulcers / sores, cicatrizant, effective
in treatments of diabetic neuropathy and cutaneous neurogenic inflammation < Pereira, et al, 2010 >.
Aids in attenuating cardiac fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, memory enhancements in neurodegenerative
conditions / neuroAIDS and alleviating some cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease as it
prevents degradation of acetylcholine, Parkinson's disease, disorders of the CNS, trigeminal nerve
inflammations, cervical and dorsal spine disorders, internal cellular healing from downstream effects
of hypovolemia, blood loss anemia, post op wound healing and prevention of opportunistic pathogen
colonization / infections post op, tuberculosis, protects cells from DNA damages from radiations,
gum bleedings / inflammations / infections, periodontitis, pyorrhea, tonsillitis, Crohn's disease,
mouth / throat / stomach / duodenal / intestinal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome,
antidiarrheal < Chordia, et al, 2013 >, eczema, anti itch, antileukemic, anticancer, mediates tumor
cytotoxicities, inhibits cancer proliferations < Montopoli, et al, 2012 >, antimutagenicity < Rossi, et
al, 2013 >, enhances tumor cell apoptosis, rheumatism, upregulates vascular and gastric smooth
muscular contractile tension < Froldi, et al, 2009 > and is effective in subsiding fevers.
It also works very well as a disinfectant, infection prevention and for topical external wound
healing, able to close relatively deep wounds in a few months which would otherwise require sutures
along with keeping it sterile and infection free; while functioning as a toxin detoxification and
healing of cells and organs affected by toxins as well. Cells are healed and organs restored in terms
of cellular condition and functional viabilities.
Dosage
Not exceeding ii drops when applied / taken internally. Once a day. In liquid form, it can be
inoculated within gum regions, oral cavity membrane surfaces or sublingually under the tongue.
However it is not to be inoculated at the center of the tongue surface as this would result in
respiratory irritations. Though no experiments have yet investigated the reason for this occurrence,
based upon sensations, it irritates the bronchial regions and induces a few seconds of cough which is
attenuated by water consumption and no repeated applications at that particular region.
In the event of HIV infections within the cardiac region, a common place of viral latency as systemic
blood passes heavily through this region, the drops are to be placed sublingually or at the hind gum
regions.

xxii

Mix iii to v drops with x xx ml of non artery coagulating red palm oil for topical applications, pour
the oil out / use a pump applicator / remove with a dropper, do not cross contaminate the solution. It
can also be applied directly to open wounds or HPV sores / blisters / lesions without mixing, just
enough to cover the entire wound; most often just a drop or ii is sufficient for regional saturation.
As it forms a protective coating upon surface of wound regions, it has to be left to dry after
application. Reapplications are required only after it has been washed off or ii to iii days later. If
wounds are deep, there tends to be a resin's dark brown to brownish hued stain left at the region for
vi mths to a year after the last topical application, but it will be cleared off by macrophages and the
immune system eventually. Skin wounds topically treated this way heal x xx times faster, rather
than untreated skin wounds.
As the virus starts being killed off and eliminated from the system, some that are still viable but
weak or deactivated will still irritated and cause an infection at the membraneous rectum region, this
mixture of red palm oil and dragon's blood can be applied to prevent a localized infection as well as
to heal the irritated and injured membranes.
Contraindications
Not suitable for intakes when pregnant / breast feeding; to be avoided when HIV is complicated
with leukemia < Styczynski, et al, 2006 >, though test carried out with leukemia cell lines found it to
be cellular protective, anti tumor proliferative and an antimutagenic < Rossi, et al, 2009 > which is in
line with many other experiments conducted reflecting its anticancer functions. Perhaps the
deviations in results are due to the fact that it is blood regenerative in cases of hypovolemic anemia
and leukemia, which thus pose a risk of newly regenerated blood cells undergoing mutations /
mutagenicity occurrences and differentiating into cancerous cell lines instead.
Discovered to be non cytotoxic to normal non cancerous cells < Chen, et al, 1994 >. No toxicity
when taken at the recommended dosage and inoculated at the right regions.
Respiratory irritations occur if inoculated at the centre of tongue region or swallowed directly.
Other side effects, if any, have yet to be discovered. Have tested this extensively, over a long
duration; it has been found safe for long term ingest. Safe for topical skin or membraneous
applications.
Stop ingest when recovery occurs. In terms of viral infections it can be taken for up to vi months to
a year after full recovery to facilitate cellular / tissue healing, but has to be halted after viral
damaged cellular states are improved. This is effective as an antiviral, immune upregulatory and
possesses strong cellular healing functions during periods of illness / infections but it is not meant as
a long term, daily supplement such as chemical moieties which the system required on a daily basis <
examples of which are the variety of essential minerals and vitamins >.
Few experiment have been conducted with this plant, thus many biosystemic and cellular effects are
still unknown and unexplored. If more cell culture experiments are conducted perhaps its exact
mechanism of action upon the biosystem along with antiviral effects can be elucidated, further
understood and brought to light.

xxiii

Many herbs react with drugs, reactions if any, when taking this in combination with any other
prescribed drugs have to be first ascertained with a healthcare partitioner before they can be safely
combined. However no know drug interactions have yet to be found in occurrence, when taken in
combination with dragon's blood resin.
If found to be safe with drug interactions, immune upregulations will definitely be potentiated as
well thus inducing a stronger reaction towards HIV while preventing accompanying opportunistic
infections from settling in and healing cells / tissue destroyed by the virus.
Phyllanthus niruri
Other names include Hurricane weed, Gale of the wind, Black catnip, Shatter stone, Viernes santo
and Bhumyamalaki. From the Euphorbiaceae family, growth occurs within tropical / subtropical
rainforest of Amazon, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Southern India, Malaysia, China and Philippines.
Characterized by small petal shaped leaves with a pointed tip that enables water droplets to drip
from it, reddish pale green flowers, has a smooth light green bark and extremely strong roots for
secure anchorage.
Found to inhibit hiv i reverse transcriptase < Ogata, et al, 1992 >, HSV i replications < Faral-Tello,
et al, 2012 > and dna polymerase of hepadnaviruses. While Phyllanthus amarus from the same genus
has been discovered to inhibit viral attachments, HIV integrase, protease and reverse transcriptase <
Notka, et al, 2004 >, effective against hepatitis C < Ravikumar, et al, 2011 >, while functioning as an
antioxidant and a strong immunomodulator < Yuandani, et al, 2013 >.
Phyllanthus niruri is also effective as an antiviral, against hepatitis B < Naik, et al, 2003 >,
enteroviruses < Kamatnur, et al, 2013 >, influenza, jaundice < Farooqi, et al, 2000>, leprosy,
antifungal < Mathur, et al, 2012 > and an antimicrobial < Ibrahim, et al, 2013 > which makes it a
suitable HIV treatment as other opportunistic pathogens are targeted as well.
Bioactive phytochemicals include alkaloids, benzenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, flavone glycoside
fisetin iv-O-glucoside, hypophyllanthin, lignans, lignansniranthin, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, lipids,
nirtetralin, phyllanthin, phyltetralin, phytosterols, polyphenols, ricinoleic acid, saponins, tannins,
terpenoids and vitamin C.
Applicable in treatments of diabetes as it reduces levels of blood glucose quantums < Okoli, et al,
2011 >, diabetic related kidney ailments < Giribabu, et al, 2014 >, lipid lowering, diuretic, cataract,
anemia, antioxidative and an immunomodulator < Jose, et al, 2014 >, ulcers, wounds < Ahmed, et al,
2012 >, urolithiasis as it was found to effectively dissolve formations of calcium oxalate crystals <
Khare, et al, 2014 >, hepatoprotective < Chatterjee, et al, 2006 > attenuating kidney damages, liver
ailments, liver cirrhosis < Amin, et al, 2012 >, gonorrhoea, antitumor < de Arajo, et al, 2012 > and a
chemopreventive.
Dosage
Taken in powder form, once a day : 500 mg to 1 000 mg. In tea form, once to twice daily, 5 to 10 g
herbs with 120 ml of water. Liquid extract stated dosages are 2 ml / day, however most liquid
extracts are highly concentrated, thus most often just 1 to 2 drops / day is sufficient, with excessive
xxiv

dosages not recommended.

Contraindications
Non toxic < Asare, et al, 2011 >, no toxic side effects as yet to be discovered. Not to be taken during
pregnancy < Iranloye, et al, 2010 > or when nursing.
As this lowers blood sugar, levels may dip too dangerously low if taken together with antidiabetic
medications as effects are potentiated.
Not to be taken with lithium as it inhibits its systemic elimination.
Nelumbo nucifera
Often known as the Sacred lotus, An aquatic perennial plant from Nelumbonaceae family. With
long roots and creeping rhizomes firmly anchored within ponds or freshwater bodies, with its waxy
large leaves, green fruit and lovely solitary, single day blooming flowers in shades of white, light or
dark pink tones; extended floating just at the water's interface. Found growing wild in Southern and
Eastern regions of North America, Japan, Northern Australia, Persia, India or China.
Leaves have been discovered to exhibit potent activity against HIV, with high potency mediated by
liensinine, negferine, isoliensinine, < + >-i< R >-coclaurine and < >-i< S >-norcoclaurine, while
moderated potency was reflected by alkaloid nuciferine and mild activity was carried out by
quercetin iii-O--d-glucuronide < Kashiwada, et al, 2005 >. Effective in inhibiting HSV I
replications as it was found to block viral initial transcripts mRNA ICP 0 and ICP iv while
preventing downstream accumulates of viral products from forming < Kuo, et al, 2005 >.
Immunomodulating, increases quantums of lymphocytes and increases white blood cell counts,
upregulates macrophage phagocytosis activities, antifungal activities effective against Candida
albicans mediated by < R >-roemerine with effectiveness against malarial along with Nmethylasimilobine < Agnihotri, et al, 2008 >; antimicrobial against Bascillus subtilis, Escherichia
coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and found to
inhibit fungus Aspergillus and Monascus < Brindha, et al, 2010 >, while aporphine mediated
effectivity as an anthelmintic < Lin, et al, 2014 >.
Contains more than half radioprotective and potent antioxidative flavonoids diosmetin vii-O-hexose,
isorhamnetin iii-O-arabino-pyranosyl-< iii >-glucopyranoside, kaempferol, myrictein, iii-Ogalactoside, iii-O-glucuronide and iii-O-glucoside, quercetin iii-O-rhamnopyranosyl-< iii >glucopyranoside, quercetin iii-O-arabinoside and syringetin; some phenolic acids, polyphenolic
catechin, aporphine alkaloid nornuciferine; iii-O--D-glucuronide glycoside, bisbenzylisoquinoline
alkaloids : nelumboferine, nelumborine A, nelumborine B; D < >-iii 0-bromo-O-methylarmepavine, Di,ii,iii,iv-tetrahydro-vi-methoxy-i-< p-methoxbenzly >-ii-methyl-vii-isoquino-linol,
N-methylasimilobine, anisic acid, alkyl iv-hydroxybenzoates < butyl-, ethyl-, methyl- and propryl >;
lotusine, nuciferine, pronuciferine, liensinine, isoliensinine, roemerine, neferine, armepavine,
neferine, ii-Hydroxy-i-methoxyaporphin, linesinine, isolinesinine, L-trptophan; triterpenoid
betulinic acid, hyptatic acid A, ii , xxiv-diacetoxy-iii -hydroxyolean-xii-en-xxviii-oic acid,
higenamine, hyperoside, triterpenoic ester urs-xii-en-iii -O-ix E, xii E-octadecadienoate, gallic
xxv

acid, saponins and antiinflammatory polysaccharide fragments : LPPS F i and F ii.

High in vitamins and minerals, ash, calcium, carbohydrates, chromium, copper, fat, crude fibre,
fibre, magnesium, manganese, monosaccharides: L arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and Dmannose; iron, polysaccharides : anhydrosugar < levogalactosan >, ii-benzenediol,i,vi-anhydro-aDglucopyranose; i,ii benzenediol iv-methyl-i; iv-carboxy-ii-methoxyphenol; ii,vi-dimethoxy ivethnylphenol; ii,iii-dihydro-v-methylfuran-ii-i; ii-furaldehyde; < SH >-furan-ii-i; ii-hydroxy-iiimethyl-ii-cyclo penten-l-i; v-hydroxymethyl-ii-furaldehyde and ii-hydroxy methyl furan; potassium,
protein, sodium and moisture.
Functions as an antidiabetic as it enhances and upregulates insulin, inhibits AchE thus aids in
attenuating amnesia, cognitive dysfunctions and symptoms of dementia, antagonizes calcium aiding
in ischemic, regulates serotonin receptors effectively effective as an antidepressant, nervous
exhaustion, lowers lipid quantums preventing their accumulations aids in hyperlipidaemia, obesity
and fat storage disorders; hypocholestemic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidative,
cardioprotective and hypertension.
Alkaloid liensinine inhibits influx from calcium and sodium, with calcium antagonistic effects,
lowering action potential amplitudes attenuating arrhythmias; protective towards hepatocytes
inhibiting fibrosis; isoliensinine inhibits quantums of hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor < TNF >
and transforming growth factor < TGF > preventing cardiac fibrosis; hepatopathy, fever,
cholera, smallpox, leprosy, diuretic, astringent, sepsis, attenuates mushroom poisoning, dizziness,
vomiting blood, spermatorrhoea, haematemesis, haemoptysis, haemorrhoids, leucoderma, syphilis,
enhances cancer apoptosis while inhibiting their proliferations and mediating cell cycle arrest at G i
phrase, antitumor upregulating and enhancing p xxi activities.
Contraindications
Non toxic when taken in moderation, at safe doses not exceeding 200mg / kg of ones weight / day,
has antiestrogenic and antispermatogenic activities thus not to be taken when attempting
conception. Not suitable for intakes during pregnancy or when lactating. Has sedative effects,
unsafe to be taken when driving, engaging in activities that require concentration or when in contact
with machinery.
Will lower blood sugar and increase bleeding risk, thus dosage adjustments are required when
taking it with antidiabetic medications, anticoagulants or other drugs that increase bleeding risk, as
effects will be amplified / potentiated.
Potentiates the effects of sedative drugs, not to be mixed. High risk of interactions with other drugs.
Dosage
Recommended dosage is 0.5 to 5 g / day.
Other effective antiviral phytochemicals with HIV inhibiting activities exist within HIV protease
inhibiting Aristolochia indica, HIV binding inhibiting Aspalathus linearis < Nakano, et al, 1997 >,
HIV i reverse transcriptase inhibiting Calophyllum lanigerum < Kashman, et al, 1992 >, HIV i
xxvi

reverse transcriptase inhibiting Cassia occidentalis < Lunavath, et al, 2012 >, HIV gp xli formation
inhibiting Eucommia ulmoides < Lv, et al, 2008 >, HIV i reverse transcriptase inhibiting Humulus
lupulus < Wang, et al, 2004 >, HIV i integrase inhibiting Salvia miltiorrhiza < Abd-Elazem, et al,
2002 >, Nigella sativa mediating sero-reversion < Onifade, et al, 2013 >, HIV i reverse transcriptase
inhibiting Tinospora cordifolia < Estari, et al, 2012 > and Withania somnifera. While
immunostimulatory activities and upregulations are potently mediated by dimethylglycerine,
Eschinaea and Goldenseal.
While some other strong antivirals include Marshmallow root, Goldenrod and Cordyceps sinensis.
Effective substances that aid in overall systemic detox from viral components and toxins include
Dandelion root, Milk thistle and Methylsulfonylmethane which also functions in the reduction of
neuronal oxidative stress induced by HIV i tat thus improving HIV associated neurocognitive
disorders < Kim, et al, 2015 >, while blueberry works very well in decreasing cerebral free radicals.
Blood purification is essential in viremia conditions as it aids in virus eliminations and cleansing
them out of the circulatory system. A very effective blood purifier comes from ayurvedic Vasu
Healthcare, Acnovin capsules are blood purifiers targeted towards eczema and skin ailments /
conditions; however it is effective in circulatory eliminations of virus, viral toxins, opportunistic
infection causing pathogens and their respective metabolites.
Constituents include Mahamanjisthadi Kwath < an ancient ayurvedic text formula containing :
Rubia Cordifolia Root, Azadirachta Indica Leaf, Turmeric, Curcuma Longa Rhizome, Tinospora
Cordifolia Stem, Emblica Officinalis Fruit, Terminalia Bellerica Fruit, Cyperus Rotundus Tuber,
Holarrhena Antidysenterica Stem, Zingiber Officinale Rhizome Powder, Clerodendron Serration
Stem, Solanum Xanthocarpum Plant, Solanum Indicum Plant, Phyllanthus Niruri Plant, Psoralea
Corylifolia Seed Powder, Fumaria Officinalis Plant, Sphaeranthus Hirtus Flower, Hemidesmus
Indicus Root, Terminalia Chebula Fruit, Pterocarpus Marsupium Wood, Embelia Ribes Seed,
Asparagus Racemosus Root, Plumbago Zeylanica Root, Citrullus Colocynthis Root, Centratheum
Anthelmintica Seed Powder, Corinder Fruit Powder, Fagonia Arabica Plant, Achyranthes Aspera
Plant, Adhatoda Vasica Leaf, Operculina Turpethum Root, Melia Azadirachta Seed Powder,
Boerhavia Diffusa Root, Andropogon Muricatus Root, Pavonia Odorata Seed, Eragrostis
Cynosuroides Grass, Stereospermum Suaveolens Stem, Foeniculum vulgare Fruit Powder and
Trichosanthes Cucumerina Seed >, Triphala Churna : Emblica officinalis, Terminalia bellirica,
Terminalia chebula; Panchnimba Churna, Khadir : Acacia, Sariva : Hemidesmus catechu, Haridra :
Turmeric and Gandhak Rasayan.
Discussion
Theses herbs and plant components have the potential to be further studied, combined and
developed into an effective antiHIV drug. To eliminate this retrovirus from transmissions /
existence, developments of an antiHIV vaccine will be the best preventive measure; laying the issue
of ART aversions, condom resistance, leakages / complains of friction inductions to rest.
The way it is still moderately toxic to drink water with just a cockroach leg suspended within, rather
than a whole viable cockroach; perhaps vaccinations can be composed of non pathogen derived,
chemical moieties that are able to simulate a similar reaction within the biosystem leading to a
natural immune reaction provoking antibody priming, the formation of antigen recognition and
xxvii

subsequent antibody productions, rather than with additions of actual deactivated viral components;
to bring forth that immune priming and antibody production thus creating immunity against the
specific strain.
This method can be further looked into, the specific compatible biomoieties that can induce a
matching pathogen instigated immune reaction found and elucidated, screened against the vast array
of pathogenic types / respective viral antigen peptides, various moieties of these ' synthetic
corresponding immune simulation ' vaccines can be developed which can work effectively and
specifically towards eliminating potential infections.
They will be safer as actual pathogen toxicities are prevented from occurring at an actual, mild to
high scale, yet can prime the system sufficiently thus inducing immunity. However as with all
vaccines / drugs / herbs / food / topical applications etc, there will always be a certain degree of risk
as genetic profiles vary between individuals along with their unique biochemical compositions,
specific health profiles, environment, lifestyle, diet and microbial colonizations, which may lead to a
downregulation of the vaccine's actual effectiveness and efficacy or bring about some complications.
Since President Obama's innovative and exciting Precision Medicine Initiative was conceived, more
of these amazing varieties leading to different endpoint effects are finally surfacing and brought to
light. Enabling developments of specific ' lock and key ' treatments in accordance to specific genetic
profiles / variable traits which can thus arise; enhancing safety, while fine tuning healing
probabilities, effectiveness and efficacies to a closer targeted result and within a greater magnitude
of precision.
In the meanwhile we can work on ensuring that viral infections are promptly detected, diagnosed
and treated, further developing and potentiating antiviral drugs and antibody therapies, with
moieties specific to the homing in and destruction of HIV's RNA / DNA / reverse transcriptase,
preventing strain mutations, modifying targeted immune cells leading to phagocytosis and
destruction of virus, amplification of the immune system, inhibition of viral replications and lytic
cycles; methods that can induce recognition of integrated viral DNA strands within host genome,
orchestrate their splicing, removals, clearances and subsequent re-ligations of original host dna thus
restoring T cell DNA integrity; along with working on methods to change the biosystem / cellular
environment turning it non conducive for viral latency, while coming up with ways to precisely
detect and target specific organs with latent viral loads / clearing out intracellular latent virus and
eradicating them, so that HIV can be totally terminated from existence.
Cholesterol synthesis has also been found to be upregulated by HIV infections < Wount , et al, 2005
> while low cholesterol synthesis from altered lipid metabolisms and an enhanced, upregulated
cholesterol metabolism has been found to reduced the progression speeds towards AIDS as
dendritic, B cells and macrophages are unable to present HIV to cd iv+ T cells thus hindering trans
infections < Rappocciolo, et al, 2014 >. Cholesterol constitutes more than l % a major component of
phospholipid bilayer plasma membranes, weaved in between for fluidity and solubility reductions at
interface, preventing crystallization of the fatty acid chains, enhancing membrane integrity and
texture consistencies, formation of protein stabilizing anchorage lipid rafts upon / within
membranes, which HIV utilizes as entry platforms, concentrating quantums of gag and env
<Hougue, et al, 2012 > for assembly of virions, along with facilitating cellular signaling.

xxviii

Which enveloped HIV requires as a vesicle of transport for its components, region at which HIV
production assembly is packaged at < Jouvenet, et al, 2006 > thus initiating spreads, fusions,
replications, buddings < Sundquist, et al, 2012 > and infectibilities; while their membrane fusions
with cd iv+ T cells lead to cellular lysis < LaBonte, et al, 2000 >. Thus methods to lower cholesterol
or inhibit phospholipid vesicle fusions / buddings with host cell thus inhibiting their replications can
also be further looked into. Substances that increase lipid metabolism while lowering cholesterol
include fibrates < Staels, et al, 1998 > and cinnamate from Cinnamon bark < Lee, et al, 2003 >.
In essence, upregulations of the immune system is essential along with recognition priming.
Increased intakes of antioxidants exert a cellular protective effect and inhibits cellular
degenerations / excessive inflammations. Detoxifications of the biosystem and blood is also very
important while viral eliminations are ongoing, this ensures that the deactivated lentiviruses /
opportunistic pathogens along with their metabolites / toxins are promptly cleansed out from the
system and do not end up lodged in some other organ downstream or within the circulation, most at
risk would be the organs of main circulatory cumulates / filtrations such as cardiac / kidney regions
along with exit routes from the system.
Conclusion
Though far from extensive, existing research indicates that these herbs have potent antiviral and
immunomodulating activities. Concentrations of chemical moieties within various batches of herbal
extracts tested have been varied and differing, thus making it hard to reproduce similar results in
various experiments conducted all over. If precision screenings for active chemical components are
initially carried out before experiments, with results listed in the articles, it could lead to more
streamlined tests with closer consistencies in results.
If further explored in cell cultures and clinical trials, with their mechanisms of actions along with
effectiveness and efficacy against HIV / other opportunistic pathogens elucidated, it contains
immense potential towards isolation of novel / lesser studied chemical moieties that can give rise to
further developments of drugs / vaccines against HIV. Thus improving the nation's healthcare,
while finally eradicating the issue of a HIV epidemic.
It will be most exciting as further research and developments producing new vaccines and
medications targeting HIV start to emerge in the near future.
References
Abd-Elazem IS, Chen HS, Bates RB and Huang RC. Isolation of two highly potent and non-toxic
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