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Documente Cultură
MOULDING DEVICE
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
DIPLOMA
SUBMITTED BY:
1. M.RAJ KUMAR
2. R.DINESH
3. R.AJITH KUMAR
4. S.VISHAL
5.R.DAYANITHI
Under guidance of
Mr G.ANNAMALAI, M.E.
OCTOBER 2015
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (FOUNDRY).
A.M.K TECHNOLOGICAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
CHENNAI 600123
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Project work on
FABRICATION OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDING DEVICE
H.O.D
INTERNAL EXAMINER
PROJECT GUIDE
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the outset, we would like to emphasize our sincere thanks to the Principal
Mr. R.J.KUMAR,M.E.F.I.E, M.I.S.T.E for encouragement and valuable
advice.
We thank our Esquired Head of Department Mr. S.N. SUNDAR, M..E. for
presenting his filiations on us.
We are grateful on our Entourages Mr. G.ANNAMALAI, M.E.
For guiding in various aspects of the project making it a grand success.
We also owe our sincere thanks to all staff members of the Mechanical
Department and Foundry Department.
Ultimately, we extend our thanks to all who had rendered their co- operation
for the success of the project.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION0
2.
SYNOPSIS
3.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
4.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
5.
TEST PROCEDURE
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
COST ESTIMATION
11.
CONCLUSION
12.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
13.
PHOTO VIEW
SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS
The project deals about the injection molding machine. The main
principle is to compress the plastic material in a barrel and the compression
motion is developed by piston arrangement using air cylinder. The plastic
material is heated by the heater surrounding the barrel. Then it is converted into
molten state. The molten plastic is injected through the nozzle in barrel to the
die by the compression force. After completing this process, we will get the
product from the die. Commercial products like bushes, couplings, switches
etc, can be produced.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The
tempering, stability, the size and shape are important in describing the method.
These methods are different kinds of plastics. Broadly speaking the method
may be discussed under the following headings.
FABRICATION
TECHNIQUES
FABRICATION TECHNIQUES :
1. MOULDING PROCESS
2. FOAMING PROCESS
MOULDING PROCESS :
In this process the plastic are fabricated under the effect pressure and heat
and both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics may be starting materials.
INJECTION MOULDING :
FOAMING PROCESS :
WORKING PRINCIPLE
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The injection moulding process is best suited for producing articles made
of thermoplastic materials. Here the equipment cost is relatively high but the
main attraction is the amenability of the injection moulding process to a high
production rate. In injection moulding machine is shown in the process
consists of feeding the compounded plastic material as granules, pellets or
powder through the hopper at definite time intervals into the hot horizontal
Cylinder where it gets softened. Pressure is applied through a pneumatically
driven piston to push the molten material through a cylinder into a mould fitted
at the end of the cylinder. While moving through the hot zone of the cylinder, a
device called torpedo helps spread the plastic material uniformly around the
inside wall of the hot cylinder sand thus ensures uniform heat distribution. The
molten plastic material from the cylinder is then injected through a nozzle
material from the cylinder in then injected through a nozzle into the mould
cavity.
The mould used in its simplest form, is a two part system. One is
movable part and the other stationary. The stationary part is fixed to the end of
the cylinder while the movable part can be opened or locked on to the stationary
part. By using a mechanical locking device, the mould is proper held in
position as the molten plastic material is injected under a pressure as high as
1500 kg/ cm. The locking device has to be very skillfully designed in order to
withstand high operating pressures. Further more, a proper flow of the molten
material to the interior regions of the mold is achieved by preheating the mould
to an appropriate temperature. Usually this temperature is slightly lower than
the softening temperature of the plastic material undergoing molding.
After the mould is filled with the molten material under pressure. Then it
is cooled by cold water circulation and then opened so as to eject the molded
articles. The whole cycle could be repeated several time either manually of in
an automated mode.
TEST PROCEDURE
TEST
PROCEDURE
PNEUMATIC CYLINDER
UNIT
PENUMATIC
COMPONENTS DETAILS
INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS
In engineering field may Machines make use of a fluid or compressed air to
develop a force to move or hold an object
By the use of Pneumatic System the risk of explosion on fire with compressed
air is minimum high working speed and simple in construction.
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
AIR COMPRESSOR
Compressor is a device which gets air fro the atmosphere and compresses
it for increasing the pressure of air. Thus the compressed air. Thus the
compressed air used for many application.
3. PRESSURE REGULATOR
compressed air filter. It provides a constant set pressure at the outlet of the
outlet of the regulator.
4. LUBRICATOR
Air Filter, regulator and lubricator are connected together with close
nipples as one package. This unit is know as FLR (Filter, regulator, lubricator.)
CYLINDER;
itself occurs due to the pressure gradient established by the compressed gas
being at a greater pressure than the atmospheric pressure. This air expansion
forces a piston to move in the desired direction. The piston is a disc or cylinder,
and the piston rod transfers the force it develops to the object to be moved.
When selecting a pneumatic cylinder, you must pay attention to:
action type
mounting method
Types
Although pneumatic cylinders will vary in appearance, size and function, they
generally fall into one of the specific categories shown below. However there
are also numerous other types of pneumatic cylinder available, many of which
are designed to fulfill specific and specialised functions.
Single acting cylinders
Single acting cylinders (SAC) use the pressure imparted by compressed air to
create a driving force in one direction (usually out), and a spring to return to the
"home" position
Double acting cylinders
Double Acting Cylinders (DAC) use the force of air to move in both extend and
retract strokes. They have two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and one
for instroke.
Other types
Although SACs and DACs are the most common types of pneumatic cylinder,
the following types are not particularly rare:
Rotary air cylinders: actuators that use air to impart a rotary motion
Rodless air cylinders: These have no piston rod. They are actuators that
use a mechanical or magnetic coupling to impart force, typically to a
table or other body that moves along the length of the cylinder body, but
does not extend beyond it.
Sizes
Air cylinders are available in a variety of sizes and can typically range from a
small 2.5 mm air cylinder, which might be used for picking up a small transistor
or other electronic component, to 400 mm diameter air cylinders which would
impart enough force to lift a car. Some pneumatic cylinders reach 1000 mm in
diameter, and are used in place of hydraulic cylinders for special circumstances
where leaking hydraulic oil could impose an extreme hazard.
Pressure, radius, area and force relationships
Although the diameter of the piston and the force exerted by a cylinder are
related, they are not directly proportional to one another. Additionally, the
typical mathematical relationship between the two assumes that the air supply
does not become saturated. Due to the effective cross sectional area reduced by
the area of the piston rod, the instroke force is less than the outstroke force
when both are powered pneumatically and by same supply of compressed gas.
The relationship, between force on outstroke, pressure and radius, is as follows:
This is derived from the relationship, between force, pressure and effective
cross-sectional area, which is:
F = p A\,
With the same symbolic notation of variables as above, but also A represents the
effective cross sectional area.
On instroke, the same relationship between force exerted, pressure and effective
cross sectional area applies as discussed above for outstroke. However, since
the cross sectional area is less than the piston area the relationship between
force, pressure and radius is different. The calculation isn't more complicated
though, since the effective cross sectional area is merely that of the piston less
that of the piston rod.
For instroke, therefore, the relationship between force exerted, pressure, radius
of the piston, and radius of the piston rod, is as follows:
Where:
F represents the force exerted
r1 represents the radius of the piston
r2 represents the radius of the piston rod
is pi, approximately equal to 3.14159.
VALVE CONNECTORS;
movements with a pre determined force and stroke and can be fitted to
synchronize with operation cycles of many machines
it is worth wile to
examine the existing plan and methods of movement and to consider the
numberous mechanical applications which the range of pneumatic cylinders
make possible. Quality is to keynote of air cylinder. Engineer them into you
production setup to get the last ounce of power, speed and efficiency to save
time, space and money.
mountings consists of plate and studs attached with it. But the
of these
mountings, the cylinder and piston assembly can fitted on any place of the
piston have threads on it for fastening the other parts (or) accessories according
the operating performed and the application required.
devices, Clamping materials or other metal cutting and forming ports with
which can be movable with the piston.
Solenoid Valve :
In order to automate the air flow in our system we have to provide an
electrically controlled valves. Electrical devices can provide more effective
control, less expensive interlocks having many additional safety features and
simplified automatic sequencing when a machine must operate in a hazardous
area, remote actuation is a desirable. The operator can provide satisfactory
control though electrical devices from a remote point with in a safe area, uding
a semi automatic system and these electrical flow control devices are also in use
in full automation by providing proper action signals.
Push and pull actuation can be priced b solenoids. These movements are
used to open and close the pop pet type valves. These actuations are done
according to the signals given to the solenoid coil when the decided by the
program. The outlet of solenoid coil when the decided by the program,. The
outlet of solenoid valve is connected to a spray gun, which is going to spray the
paint.
machinery by utilizing fluid or air pressure. The fluid or air pressure is applied
to the cylinder piston through a valve operated by a cylindrical electrical coil.
The electrical coil along with its frame and plunger is known as the solenoid
and the assembly of solenoid and mechanical valve is known as solenoid valve.
The solenoid valve is thus another important electromechanical device used in
control of machines. Solenoid valves are of two types,
1. Single solenoid spring return operating valve,(5/2)
2. Double solenoid operating valve.
MECHANICAL
ASSEMBLY DIAGRAM
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM
SAFETY
CARE
MAINTENANCE
AND
It is compact in size
It can be move
The electrical power consumption is very low
It can be utilized at our work shop
Loading and unloading the job is easy
It is simple in construction
Low cost
MECHANICAL
ASSEMBLY DIAGRAM
FINISHING AND
PAINTING
After welding, any slag on the welded area is removed with the
chipping hammer and cleaned with the metal wire brush. Then all
the surfaces are rubbed with the emery sheet.
COST ESTIMATION
COST ESTIMATION
1. M.S. Stand
1000.00
1500.00
900.00
1000.00
700.00
6. Transporting charges
200.00
7. Vice
500.00
8. Novopan board
200.00
------------------6000.00
-------------------
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
BIBILOGRAPHY
BIBILOGRAPHY