Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
KINESIS
La Kinesis segn Hector Maldonado Es el movimiento corporal y se refiere a la
postura, los gestos, los movimientos de cabeza, hombros, piernas y los ademanes
en general". (Maldonado, 1998:76) Mientras que Octavio Islas (citado por Eileen
McEntee, 1992: 103), considera que el termino significa el estudio del movimiento
del cuerpo humano.
Siguiendo esta misma lnea, se puede definir a la kinsis como, la disciplina
dedicada al estudio de la comunicacin, a travs del movimiento corporal, este
posee un cdigo al igual que la comunicacin verbal y es aprendido de acuerdo a
la cultura donde se desenvuelva el individuo.
No obstante, estudio de la comunicacin a travs de posturas corporales nace con
Darwin (1872) con su libro el origen de las especies en el cual seala la
adaptacin de los organismos al medio: la lucha, la agresividad, la cooperacin y
el instinto.
Pero quien ms ha aportado estudios sobre el tema ha sido Ray L. Birdwhistell
(1952 y 1970). Los hallazgos de Birdwhistell, despus de largos aos de investigar
la kinsis, cubren una extensa gama que va desde el descubrimiento de
categoras enteras de movimientos mnimos y gestos que acompaan a la palabra
hablada, hasta observaciones de amplio alcance como la alegra, el temor, la
atraccin sexual, el aspecto fsico, los indicadores de sexo y las relaciones
humanas en general.
Alessandro Baratta
Criminlogo y penalista italiano, fue autor de referencia por casi tres dcadas en el
mbito de la criminologa, el derecho penal contemporneo, los derechos
humanos, la filosofa y la sociologa del derecho. Formador de ideas en torno a la
"criminologa crtica", Baratta seal que el sistema punitivo produce ms
problemas de los que intenta resolver, y que reprime conflictos en lugar de
resolverlos. Este acadmico sostuvo asimismo que, por su estructura organizativa
y por su modo de funcionar, el sistema penal es absolutamente inadecuado para
realizar las funciones socialmente tiles declaradas por parte de su saber oficial;
es decir, aquellas que se encuentran en el centro de la ideologa de la defensa
social y de las teoras utilitarias de la pena. Se desempe como profesor titular
en la Universitt des Saarlandes de Alemania hasta su muerte, en junio de 2002.
La concepcin de Baratta de la criminologa crtica, de la sociologa jurdico-penal
y de la poltica criminal de las clases subalternas expuesta en Criminologa crtica
y crtica del derecho penal, puede ser presentada de manera esquemtica en una
serie de proposiciones principales y secundarias que enumeramos a continuacin:
1. La criminologa crtica es una teora materialista de inspiracin marxista.
The KINESIS
"Kinesis" according to Hector Maldonado "is the body movement and refers to the
posture, gestures, movements of head, shoulders, legs and the gestures in
general." (Maldonado, 1998:76) While Octavio Islas (cited by Eileen McEntee,
1992: 103), considered that "the term means the study of the movement of the
human body."
Following this same line, kinesis, as the discipline devoted to the study of
communication, this can be set through body movement, this has a code as well as
verbal communication and it is learned according to the culture where the
individual to unfold.
However, study of communication through body postures is born with Darwin
(1872) with his book the origin of species in which designates the adaptation of
organisms to the environment: the fight, aggression, cooperation and instinct.
But who brought more studies on the subject has been Ray. L. Birdwhistell (1952
and 1970). Birdwhistell finds, after long years of investigating the kinesis, cover a
wide range that goes from the discovery of categories entire minimum movements
and gestures that accompany the spoken word, to observations of broad scope
such as joy, fear, sexual attraction, physical appearance, indicators of sex and
human relationships in general.
Pinching or touching any part of the face (forehead, hair, eyebrow, ear, lips)
or nail-biter: doubts, insecurity, nervousness.
Touch the nose while he speaks: is lying.
Support hand on the Chin: boredom, lack of interest in fatigue.
Stroking Chin: positive acceptance, decision-making.
Twisting and interlaced hands, open and close fists: anxiety.
Interlace fingers: authority and security.
Palm open hand and upward: sincerity, good intentions.
Play with a ball point pen, ring, or any other object: distraction, nervousness.
Tapping fingers against a table or Chair armrests: impatience.
Have arms crossed at the chest: defensiveness.
Hold something against the chest (jacket, bag, briefcases...): fear of
challenges.
Nodding while speaking interviewer: interest, active listening.
Fully raised eyebrows: disbelief.
If you tilt too much toward the other person, you will be invading your
personal space, this should not be done when there is not much confidence
and look like too aggressive.
idly are a sign. Keep their arms crossed is a sign of estrangement, means
that the person does not want to be intimate, not sit in confidence or which
is not all good.
In body language shrunken posture means boredom.
Maintain a relaxed with arms and legs slightly open position shows self
confidence and security.
Closer thing due or a rigid body can show aggression.
Recalled with an upright posture is best for when you want to demonstrate
safety, value and importance in what we do.
Hands at waist: challenge, aggressiveness.
Thumbs in the waist or pockets: virility.
Indicate the finger: challenge.