Multi-bit

Error Correction in NOC Links

Vamsi Yadav Chavali - 108110021
Jayasimha Bezewada - 108110020
Navin kumar
- 108110057
Suravarupu Sandeep- 108110092

Contents
Introduction
Review of existing papers
Analysis of ECC , CAC , LPC codes
Proposed method

Introduction
Even though a chip passes a manufacturing test and it is integrated to a
system a combination of newer DSM (deep submicron) technologies
and lower voltage makes the chip more vulnerable to
Transient effects
Radiation, electromagnetic interference
Permanent effects
Crosstalk, device aging, and physical wear out.
Thus chip designer has the challenge to create a robust design using
unreliable DSM technologies.

The usual approaches to deal with on-line faults are based on

redundancy
Information redundancy
Cyclic codes
Crosstalk avoidance coding (CAC)
Time redundancy
Data retransmission
Space redundancy
Triple Modular Redundancy TMR
Spare wires
Combination of these approaches

The Major Constraints

Direct Costs
Silicon area - As the complexity increases so does the silicon area. But with the latest 3D
integrated circuit the area might not be a major concern

Power dissipation - Again as the complexity increases the power dissipation also

increases but so does the error detection and correction capabilities. This enables the
voltage level of 1 to be reduced which is the case now-a-days with low chip voltages. The
more errors produced because of this is compensated by better detection circuit. Thus the
bit error rate remains constant and with proper balancing power efficiency can be
improved.
Also the presence of buffers causes greater dissipation of power.

Codec delay - As complexity increases the codec delay increases but the retransmission
rate decreases. Thus with proper balancing net delay can be reduced.

Indirect Costs
Network Congestion - Here due to packet retransmission greater congestion in the circuit
increases thus increasing the overall delay in the packets.

The 3 main and only components to NOC

error correction codes
ECC (Error correction codes)
These include hamming , cyclic codes for detecting and correcting
transient errors.
CAC (Cross Talk avoidance codes)
Mainly caused by transition in adjacent wire in the opposite direction
and capacitive coupling between them. Popular approach is to use
space redundancy.
LPC ( Low power codes )
Generally reducing transitions is used for low power coding.

Error location
Another important factor is that , in the case of any permanent faults
that may occur due to thermal causes or device aging can cause rapid
performance degradation.
But with error location and avoidance methods the graceful
degradation is possible.
It can be implemented in 2 ways :
State machine
Periodic checking