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I. INTRODUCTION
LTE or Long Term Evolution UMTS networks, in
particularly those based on 3GPP Rel. 8 specifications, have
already made strong inroads into the commercial arena
worldwide. According to [1] global LTE subscribership is
expected to skyrocket from 9 million in 2011 to more than
560 million in 2016. Global mobile Suppliers Association
(GSA) recently announced that 145 LTE commercial
networks had been launched in 66 countries (as of January
2013) and that the number is expected to increase to 234 in
83 countries by the end the year. In Malaysia 8 companies
have been awarded LTE spectrum at 2.6GHz band. Puncak
Semangat received a lion share of 2x20MHz FDD, five
companies received 2x10MHz FDD and the two WiMAX
mobile broadband providers received 20MHz TDD [2]
Table I: LTE Spectrum Recipients in Malaysia[2]
Licensee
Puncak Semangat
Maxis
Celcom
Digi
Allocation
2x20MHz
2x10MHz
2x10MHz
2x10MHz
Type
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
U Mobile
Redtone
P1
YTL
2x10MHz
2x10MHz
20MHz
20MHz
FDD
FDD
TDD
TDD
FDD
GBR
GP
Guard Period
HARQ
ICIC
MBMS
MCS
MIMO
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
OFDMA
PBCH
PCFICH
PDCCH
PDSCH
PUCCH
PHICH
PHY
P-SS
QCI
Physical Layer
Primary Synchronization Signal
QoS Class Identifier
SC-FDMA
SNR
SRS
S-SS
TDD
Signal-To-Interference Ratio
Sounding Reference Signal
Secondary Synchronization Signal
Time Division Duplex
UE
User Equipment
UpPTS
Settings
General Parameters
Bearer Type
Default
Scheduling Mode
No Link Adaptation
Scheduling request error
Disabled
Scheduling Info. error
Disabled
Scheduling Grant error
Disabled
PDCP Compression
Disabled
Pathloss Model
Free space
PHY
Frequency band
2.6 GHz
Transmission Mode
SISO
Cyclic Prefix
Normal (7 symbols per slot)
TDD Channel Index
Config 6: UL/DL 5:5
Preamble Format
Format 0
ACK-to-NACK error
Disabled
NACK-to-ACK error
Disabled
Antenna types
Omnidirectional (UE&eNodeB)
eNodeB antenna gain
18 dBi
eNodeB Max. Tx power
40 Watt
eNodeB antenna gain
0 dBi
UE Maximum Tx power
200mWatt
MCS
1-28
Channel Bandwidth
1.4 to 20MHz
Traffic Characteristics
Traffic Direction
Downlink/Uplink
Type of Service
Best Effort
Protocol
UDP
IP Packet Size
1500 Bytes
Control Signal and Overhead
PDCCH
1 OFDM symbol per subframe
PCFICH
Included in PDCCH
PHICH
Included in PDCCH
P-SS and S-SS
144 REs every 10ms
PBCH
288 REs every 10ms
Reference signals
8 REs (2 within the PDCCH)
PUCCH
2 OFDM symbols/subframe
SRS
Up to 12 REs
1.4
6
1.08
3
15
2.7
5
25
4.5
10
50
9
15
75
13.5
20
100
18
Bandwidth Utilization
77%
90%
90%
90%
90%
90%
90
Uplink
Dow nlink
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1.4MHz
3MHz
5MHz
10MHz
15MHz
20MHz
Bandwidth
TDD
FDD
40
30
MCS
Index
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Coding
Rate
0.16667
0.2
0.23333
0.26667
0.33333
0.4
0.4667
0.53333
0.6
0.66667
MCS
Index
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Coding
Rate
0.33333
0.35
0.41667
0.48333
0.51667
0.58333
0.63333
0.42222
0.48889
0.5
MCS
Index
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Coding
Rate
0.55556
0.6
0.64444
0.71111
0.75556
0.8
0.84444
0.88889
1
20
10
20 TDD
10 FDD
Bandwidth (MHz)
Fig. 3: Max Downlink Throughput of 10MHz FDD and 10MHz TDD 5:5
(MCS=28)
in throughput.
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
2x20MHz
FDD
90
88.5
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Throughput
100%
[5]
9.4
90%
90
85%
8.8
80%
8.6
95%
9.2
[6]
[7]
[8]
75%
[9]
8.4
10
25
50
70
100
70%
Number of Users
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have investigated how the maximum
network layer throughput is affected by the duplex mode,
traffic direction, channel bandwidth, MCS and number of
UEs served by the eNodeB. We have also acquired a better
insight on how different bearer types provide traffic
differentiation for single UE as well as multiple UEs. Table
VI summarizes the key findings of this work with regards to
the recent LTE spectrums allocated in Malaysia.
As for future work, more comprehensive analyses
involving different TDD ratios, application types, traffic
mix, MIMO configurations, and scheduler types and so on
are required.
20MHz TDD
(5:5)
90
41
BW utilization (%)
Max. DL
throughput(Mbps)
79.3
37.7
35.6
Max. UL
throughput(Mbps)
Max. No. of 1 Mbps
83
41
39
DL connection per
cell (continuous, no
overbooking )*
* Taking into consideration throughput efficiency loss due to multiple
users
9.6
Efficiency
2x10MHz
FDD
90
43.2
[10]
[11]
[12]