Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 1
Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

b1
b2
b3

XM

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + b3M

eY
1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 1
Multicategorical M with k categories
(PROCESS v2.14 or later)

Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

b2

D1

.
.
.

.
.
.

D 1X

.
.
.

bk+1

.
.
.

bk

Dk-1
M

eY

b1

b2k-1

Dk-1X

XM

.
.
.

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + bk+1D1 +

+ b2k-1D2k-1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 1
Multicategorical X with k categories
(PROCESS v2.14 or later)

Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

D1
X

eY

b1

.
.
.

.
.
.

Dk-1

bk-1

M
D1M

.
.
.

bk+1

.
.
.

bk

Dk-1M

XM

Conditional effect of X on Y =

b1 + bk+1M
.
.
.

bk-1 + b2k-1M

b2k-1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 2
Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

XM
b4

b2
b1

b3

W
b5

XW

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + b4M + b5W

eY
1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 3
Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

MW
b6

XM
b4

eY

b2

b1

b3
b5

b7

XW
XMW

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + b4M + b5W+ b7MW

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 4
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram

eMi
1

Mi
ai

bi

eY
1

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 4 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 5
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

bi

eY
1

c1'

c2'

c3'

XW

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 5 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 6
(2 mediators)
Conceptual Diagram

M2

M1

Statistical Diagram

eM2

e M1

M1
a1

d21

a2

M2
b1

b2

eY
1

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi only = ai bi

Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 in serial = a1 d21 b2
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 6 allows up to 4 mediators operating in serial.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 6
(3 mediators)
Conceptual Diagram

M2
M3

M1

Statistical Diagram
eM

eM

d21

M1
a1

a2

eM
M2

d32

M3

d31

b2

a3

b3

eY

b1

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi only = ai bi

Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 in serial = a1 d21 b2
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M3 in serial = a1 d31 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2 and M3 in serial = a2 d32 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, and M3 in serial = a1 d21 d32 b3
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 6
(4 mediators)
Conceptual Diagram

M3

M2

M4

M1

Statistical Diagram
eM

eM

eM

d21

M2
d31

M1
a1

a2

d32

eM

d43

d42

M4

d41
b2

a3
a4

M3

b1

b3

b4

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi only = ai bi

Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 in serial = a1 d21 b2
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M3 in serial = a1 d31 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M4 in serial = a1 d41 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2 and M3 in serial = a2 d32 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2 and M4 in serial = a2 d42 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M3 and M4 in serial = a3 d43 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, and M3 in serial = a1 d21 d32 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, and M4 in serial = a1 d21 d42 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M3, and M4 in serial = a1 d31 d43 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2, M3, and M4 in serial = a2 d32 d43 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, M3, and M4 in serial = a1 d21 d32 d43 b4
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

eY
1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 7
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY
1

a 2i
c'

X
a3i

XW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 7 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 8
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY
1

a 2i
c1'

X
a3i

c2'
c3'

XW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
Note: Model 8 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 9
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
W

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY
1

a 2i

X
c'
a3i

a4i

a5i

Z
XW

XZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ) bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 9 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 10
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
W

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY

a5i

a2i

c1'

c2'

a3 i

c3'

a 4i

c4'

c5'

Z
XW

XZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ) bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z
*Model 10 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 11
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
bi
a2i

eY
1

a 3i

a4i

XW

c'

a5i

a6i

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 11 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 12
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY

a2i

c1'
c2'

a3i

c3'

a4i

c4'

c5'

a5i

XW

c6'
a 6i

a7i

c7'

XZ
WZ

XWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ
Note: Model 12 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 13
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY

a2i

c1'

a3i

c2'

a4i

c3'

a5i

XW

a6i

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 13 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 14
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

b 1i

eY
1

c'

X
b2

b3i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b3iV)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 14 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 15
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
b 1i

ai

XV
c3'
c1'

eY
1

c2'

b2 i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
Note: Model 15 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 16
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
V

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

b 1i

eY
1

c'

X
b2

b3
b4i

b5i

Q
MiV

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 16 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel