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Introduction
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3.
Fuels
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Auxiliaries
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Steam Turbines
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Bibliography
THERMAL POWER PLANT: A generating station, which converts heat energy of coal Combustion
into Electrical energy is known as a, THERMAL POWER STATION
In a steam power station the fuel, which is coal or lignite or peat,
gives up its heat on combustion to a boiler. The boiler converts the
heat energy of fuel into steam energy and lich delivers steam at a
high pressure and temperature to the 3am turbines. The steam loses
heat energy in driving the turbine, which is coupled directly or through
gearing to an metrical generator. The thermal efficiency is the ratio of
the heat equivalent of the Mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine
aft, to the heat of combustion; It may reach a value of 30% in a very
efficient plant.
for steam
power plant for economical and efficient generations are:The power should be as near
as possible to the centre of the load so that the transmission cost and
losses are minimum. This factor is most important when DC supply
systems are adopted. However, in case of AC supply system when
transformation of energy from lower voltage to higher voltage and
vice-versa is possible, power plant can be erected at places other that
of centre of load provided, if other conditions are favourable.
Since most of the modern generating stations employ pulverized fuel
residues and fumes from them are quite unhealthy, therefore the site
for the power station should be away from the Populated area.
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power plant. It is required (i) To raise the steam in boilers, (ii) For
cooling purposes such as condensers, (iii) As a carrying medium such
as in disposal of ash and (iv) for drinking purposes.
In steam power plant approximately 1.236 X 106k.cals eat per MW
for hour has to be disposed off in the condenser. In case of direct
circulation from the source of water 120m3 of water is required for
MW per hour for this purpose. In case cooling towers used about 2.4
m3 of water for MW per hour will be required in addition as make
up water. With pond cooling slightly large quantity rater is required
to meet evaporation and drift losses etc. But cooing effect is better. The
efficiency of direct cooled plant is about higher than that of the plant
cooled by cooling towers. This means a saving of about Rs 7.5lacs per
year in fuel cost for a 2,000 MW station. Hence, it is clear that the
plant should be located near a river, sea or a lake.
A power station should be located near a river or lake or so as
to minimize the cost of construction of hydraulic engineering objects
and shorten the length of service water supply s. the best site is that
where the once through water supply -system can be employed
availability of a large water source of a slightly rise of land level
above the water sources are often the decisive factor for selecting site
for a power station.
Huge amounts of coal is required for
raising the steam (20,000 tones per day for a 2,000 MW station).
Since the government policy is to use only low grade coal with 30
to 40% ash content for power generation purposes, the steam power
plant can be located near the coal mines to avoid the transport of
coal and ash.
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of site located near a river, sea or lake, ash can be dumped into it.
If the waste land is available near the site, then the area of 40
hectares excavated to a depth of 6.5 meters desirable will be required
per year for a 2,000 MW plant.
:-This factor is considered from the standpoint
station should have a bearing resistance for not less than 20- 25 N/
cm2. The properties of soil determine the cost of construction of under
ground structures and their stability and durability. With soft Soils,
aritificial foundations (pile foundations or concrete foundation plates)
should be built for erecting the buildings of a power station.
In permafrost regions, the site for a power station is to be found
on a rock foundation or an elevated area with non-Subsident coarse
lumpy or sandy soil.
: These