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PRIMERA PREGUNTA:
En una empresa de alimentos se realiz un ensayo de penetracin de calor para asegurar la esteriliza
comercial del alimento en conserva considerando un Fo = 8.5 min.
TR =
121.1
C
t (min)
Tpmf( C)
Lt
Ai
Eai
0
48
2
50
4
51
6
56.5
8
58.4
10
60.5
12
62.5
14
64.7
16
66.9
18
69.3
20
71.7
22
74.1
24
76.7
26
79.3
28
82.1
30
84.9
32
87.9
34
90.9
36
94
38
99
0.00616595
40
100
0.0077624712 0.0381123052 0.038112305
42
104.1
0.0199526231
44
107.8
0.0467735141
0.2111296662 0.249241971
46
111.5
0.1096478196
48
118.3
0.5248074602
1.9030212598 2.152263231
50
119.2
0.645654229
52
119.3
0.660693448
2.632747646 4.785010877
54
119.3
0.660693448
56
119.4
0.6760829754
2.7375570606 7.522567938
58
119.8
0.7413102413
60
119.8
0.7413102413
2.9885322154 10.51110015
62
120
0.7762471166
64
120
0.7762471166
3.1049884665 13.61608862
66
120
0.7762471166
Tabla #1: Tabla para calcular el Fp para asegurar la esterilizacin comercial del
alimento
Fp =
7.1695957713 Multiplicando por 2:
Fp =
14.33919154
min
Pero Fo =
8.5 min
Fp > Fo
Determinacin del nuevo tiempo de cierre de vapor:
t (min)
56
x
60
EAi
7.5225679378
8.5
10.511100153
X=
57.3
Tpmf( C)
48
50
51
56.5
58.4
60.5
62.5
64.7
66.9
69.3
71.7
74.1
76.7
79.3
28
82.1
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
84.9
87.9
90.9
94
99
100
104.1
107.8
111.5
118.3
119.2
119.3
119.3
Colum
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Tiempo (min)
56
58
60
62
64
66
119.4
119.8
119.8
120
120
120
t (min)
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
Lt
0.00616595
0.007762471
0.019952623
0.046773514
0.10964782
0.52480746
0.645654229
0.660693448
0.660693448
0.676082975
0.741310241
0.741310241
0.776247117
0.776247117
0.776247117
Colu
0.4
0.2
0
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Tiempo (min)
Existe un requerimiento del departamento de diseo en que se debe elevar la temperatura del autocl
C e incrementar la temperatura inicial a 65 C.
To1( C)= 48
To2( C)=
65
TR( C)= 121.1
To(N) =
65
TR(N) =
119
Tpmf1
T1pmf
t (min)
Tpmf( C)
Lt
Ai
(To(N))
(TR(N))
0
48
65
65
2
50
66.534883721 66.477428181
4
51
67.302325581 67.216142271
6
56.5
71.523255814 71.279069767
8
58.4
72.981395349 72.682626539
10
60.5
74.593023256 74.233926129
12
62.5
76.127906977 75.711354309
14
64.7
77.81627907 77.336525308
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
66.9
69.3
71.7
74.1
76.7
79.3
82.1
84.9
87.9
90.9
94
99
100
104.1
107.8
111.5
118.3
119.2
119.3
119.3
119.4
119.8
119.8
120
120
120
79.504651163
81.346511628
83.188372093
85.030232558
87.025581395
89.020930233
91.169767442
93.318604651
95.620930233
97.923255814
100.30232558
104.13953488
104.90697674
108.05348837
110.89302326
113.73255814
118.95116279
119.64186047
119.71860465
119.71860465
119.79534884
120.10232558
120.10232558
120.25581395
120.25581395
120.25581395
78.961696306
80.734610123
82.50752394
84.280437756
86.201094391
88.121751026
90.190150479
92.258549932
94.474692202
96.690834473
98.980848153
102.6744186
103.41313269
106.44186047
109.1751026
111.90834473
116.93160055
117.59644323
117.67031464
117.67031464
117.74418605
118.03967168
118.03967168
118.1874145
118.1874145
118.1874145
0.003623126
0.006138819
0.014369507
0.017033868
0.034212597
0.064196339
0.120457674
0.382965855
0.446317918
0.453974505
0.453974505
0.46176244
0.49427332
0.49427332
0.511377305
0.511377305
0.511377305
0.028365272
0.077811717
0.274303751
1.399092676
1.810793629
1.863531724
1.988495935
2.04550922
Tabla #4: Tabla para calcular el Fp para asegurar la esterilizacin comercial del alimento
Fp = 4.981705708
Fp = 9.96341142
Pero Fo =
Multiplicando por 2:
min
8.5 min
Fp > Fo
Determinacin del nuevo tiempo de cierre de vapor:
t (min)
60
x
64
Eai
7.4423947038
8.5
9.4879039238
X=
62.21
Vitamina 2:
52 C
Dt121
.1 C 80 min
Calidad organolptica:
22 .3 C
Dt121
.1 C 25 min
t (min)
Tpmf( C)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
48
50
51
56.5
58.4
60.5
62.5
64.7
66.9
69.3
71.7
74.1
76.7
79.3
82.1
84.9
87.9
90.9
94
99
100
104.1
107.8
111.5
118.3
119.2
119.3
119.3
119.4
119.8
119.8
120
120
120
Vit 2
D
2036.3818509
1863.7930129
1783.0639112
1397.6475878
1284.870085
1170.778133
1071.5515379
972.0875291
881.85601051
792.94640256
713.00075051
641.11529932
571.39461197
509.25598396
449.87306015
397.41461391
347.97778989
304.69071347
265.60963996
212.85800478
203.63818509
169.82947377
144.16479467
122.37856929
90.559943072
87.021877411
86.637392226
86.637392226
86.254605796
84.740298014
84.740298014
83.993143078
83.993143078
83.993143078
C(%)
100
99.753219082
99.495916004
99.168622061
98.813822814
98.425909282
98.003815296
97.540629761
97.032587217
96.470687319
95.849604805
95.1635781
94.399687127
93.549884775
92.597136872
91.530330563
90.326989845
88.972030947
87.442719738
85.571219629
83.657788775
81.419768339
78.860014003
75.947611327
72.182064557
68.461525674
64.917509854
61.556955446
58.356597767
55.269869909
52.346412173
49.553627619
46.909843642
44.407110765
Carac. Organolptica
D
C(%)
47420.58579
100
38572.76895 99.9880618
34788.66527 99.97482669
19715.19129 99.95147682
16203.14064 99.92307318
13044.54087 99.88780313
10610.66735 99.84445991
8454.501212 99.7900894
6736.483994 99.72189458
5257.87145 99.6345902
4103.804331 99.52284586
3203.047116 99.37986004
2448.90196 99.19315141
1872.317388 98.94947476
1402.228961 98.62504007
1050.167066 98.19349853
770.4230119 97.60830188
565.1973258 96.81623063
410.3804331 95.73586011
244.890196 93.95236524
220.8657373 92.01368902
144.6344829 89.13011806
98.70804825 85.0673119
67.36483994 79.44629183
33.38109254 69.20850609
30.41878073 59.48543201
30.1063078 51.04807371
30.1063078 43.80746245
29.7970447 37.53421583
28.5914363 31.95040235
28.5914363 27.19727022
28.00704976 23.07356626
28.00704976 19.57510645
28.00704976 16.60709005
Tabla #5: Tabla para calcular la prdida de nutrientes de la vitamina 2 y las caractersticas
organolpticas
SEGUNDA PREGUNTA:
Una conserva tiene la siguiente curva de penetracin de calor y cuyo mecanismo de transmisin de c
conveccin. Se pide su capacidad calrica y:
Determinar el coeficiente de de transmisin por calor (hc), empleando Shultz y Olson.
Dimetro:
Altura:
Densidad:
Volumen ocupado:
0.1 m
0.12 m
1.002 g/ml
95 %
%proteina
%grasa
%H.carbono
%cenizas
%agua
C1
11
0.5
23
0.5
65
100
Cp = 0.34Xc+0.37Xp+0.4Xg+0.2Xcz+1Xag
Cp =
TR=120
t(min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
A=
B=
R=
0.7719
Tpmf
60
65
70
77
85
90
100
105
110
119
31.002
-0.375
0.8863407922
BTU/lb F
(120-Tpmf) /
(120-60)
1
0.916666667
0.833333333
0.716666667
0.583333333
0.5
0.333333333
0.25
0.166666667
0.016666667
m2
m3
Vu = V*0.95
Vu = 0.000895356
m3
m = 0.897146712
kg
Clculo de la masa:
Clculo de Hc:
Hc = 59.78460096 BTU/pie2hF
El coeficiente de transmisin de calor es de 59.78 BTU/pie 2hF
TERCERA PREGUNTA:
Considerando la curva de penetracin de calor del problema anterior, y que la empresa tiene 4 esteril
que funcionan a 0 min, 14 min, 28 min y 42 min.
Calcular la cantidad de calor, vapor, potencia del caldero que se requieren para las condiciones dadas
Cp =
0.7719 BTU/lb F
m = 1.977849641 lb
Envases =
2400
TR=120
Tpmf1
Tpmf2
t(min)
0
60
2
65
Tpmf3
Tpmf4
Q1 (BTU)
0
36640.85131
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
70
77
85
90
100
105
110
119
60
65
70
77
85
90
100
105
110
119
36640.85131
51297.19184
58625.3621
36640.85131
73281.70263
36640.85131
36640.85131
65953.53237
60
65
70
77
85
90
100
105
110
119
60
65
70
77
85
90
100
105
110
119
El calor producido por los 4 esterilizadores es de 1 663 495 BTU, la cantidad de petrleo es
12.79 galones, la cantidad de vapor es de 1 598.14 lb y la potencia es de 53 BHP
E PROCESOS
min
0 40 50 60 70
o (min)
el tiempo
60
Column B
65
70
EAi
0.028365272
0.1061769886
0.3804807396
1.7795734156
3.5903670445
5.4538987686
7.4423947038
9.4879039238
del alimento
Multiplicando por 2:
min
Column
Exponen
0.2
0
0
10
Tiempo
15
20
Column
Exponen
0.2
0
0
15
20
Tiempo
10
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
5
10
15
20
Tiempo
(120-Tpmf) /(120-60
Exponential (
0.2
0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Tiempo
Q2 (BTU)
Pr (gal)
lb vapor
BHP
0
0
0
0
36640.851 0.2818527 34.689563 1.1513229
0
36640.851314
36640.851314
51297.19184
58625.362103
36640.851314
73281.702629
36640.851314
0
36640.851314 36640.851
65953.532366 36640.851
51297.192
58625.362
36640.851
73281.703
36640.851
0
36640.851 36640.851
65953.532 36640.851
51297.192
58625.362
36640.851
73281.703
36640.851
36640.851
65953.532
TOTAL:
antidad de petrleo es de
es de 53 BHP
36640.851
51297.192
58625.362
36640.851
73281.703
36640.851
73281.703
102594.38
51297.192
58625.362
36640.851
73281.703
36640.851
73281.703
102594.38
51297.192
58625.362
36640.851
73281.703
36640.851
73281.703
102594.38
51297.192
58625.362
36640.851
73281.703
36640.851
36640.851
65953.532
1663495
0.2818527
0.3945938
0.4509643
0.2818527
0.5637054
0.2818527
0.5637054
0.7891876
0.3945938
0.4509643
0.2818527
0.5637054
0.2818527
0.5637054
0.7891876
0.3945938
0.4509643
0.2818527
0.5637054
0.2818527
0.5637054
0.7891876
0.3945938
0.4509643
0.2818527
0.5637054
0.2818527
0.2818527
0.5073349
12.79611
34.783417
48.877744
56.103509
35.16059
70.707934
35.451455
70.232149
99.075011
48.877744
56.103509
35.16059
70.707934
35.451455
70.232149
99.075011
48.877744
56.103509
35.16059
70.707934
35.451455
70.232149
99.075011
48.877744
56.103509
35.16059
70.707934
35.451455
35.542585
64.291595
1598.142
1.1513229
1.6118521
1.8421166
1.1513229
2.3026458
1.1513229
2.3026458
3.2237041
1.6118521
1.8421166
1.1513229
2.3026458
1.1513229
2.3026458
3.2237041
1.6118521
1.8421166
1.1513229
2.3026458
1.1513229
2.3026458
3.2237041
1.6118521
1.8421166
1.1513229
2.3026458
1.1513229
1.1513229
2.0723812
52.27006
10
empo
15
20
Column E
Exponential (Column E)
10
15
20
empo
15
20
po
14 16 18 20
mpo
t(min)
0
2
4
HfgBTU/lb
1059.1
1056.25
1053.4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1049.5
1044.95
1042.1
1036.4
1033.55
1030.9
1025.85