1) Middleware:

Middleware is a computer software that provides services to software application

s beyond those available from
the operating system. Middleware makes it easier for software developers
to perform communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific pur
pose of their application.
Middleware is the software that connects software components or enterprise appli
cations. Middleware is the software layer
that lies between the operating system and the applications on each side of a di
stributed computer network.
Typically, it supports complex, distributed business software applications.
Middleware is the infrastructure which facilitates creation of business applicat
ions, and provides core services like
concurrency, transactions, threading, messaging, and the SCA framework for servi
ce-oriented architecture (SOA) applications.
It also provides security and enables high availability functionality to the ent
erprise.
Middleware includes Web servers, application servers, content management systems
, and similar tools that support
application development and delivery. It is especially integral to information
technology based on
Extensible Markup Language (XML), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Web ser
vices, SOA, Web 2.0 infrastructure,
and Light weight directory access protocol(LDAP).
IBM Websphere.
Oracle Fusion.

2) MOM - Message Oriented Middleware:

Message-oriented middleware (MOM) is software or hardware infrastructure support
ing sending and receiving messages
between distributed systems. MOM allows application modules to be distributed ov
er heterogeneous platforms and reduces
the complexity of developing applications that span multiple operating systems
and network protocols.
The middleware creates a distributed communications layer that insulates the app
lication developer from the details
of the various operating systems and network interfaces. APIs that extend across
diverse platforms and networks are
typically provided by MOM.
MOM provides software elements that reside in all communicating components of a
client/server architecture and
typically support asynchronous calls between the client and server applications
. MOM reduces the involvement
of application developers with the complexity of the master-slave nature of the

client/server mechanism.
The basic idea is to use Message Queues.
Advantages:
Asynchronicity:
Routing:
Transformation:
In a message-based middleware system, the message received at the destination ne
ed not be identical to the message
originally sent. A MOM system with built-in intelligence can transform messages
en route to match the requirements
of the sender or of the recipient.

3) SOA - Service Oriented Architecture:

A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a design pattern in which application c
omponents provide services to other
components via a communications protocol, typically over a network. The principl
es of service-orientation are
independent of any vendor, product or technology.
A service (or web service) can have more than one operation each containing appl
ication logic which is exposed
via API(Application Programming Interface). An example would be retrieving an on
line bank statement.
By that definition, a service is a discretely invocable operation. However, in t
he Web Services Description Language (WSDL),
a "service" is an interface definition that may list several discrete services o
r operations.
Elsewhere, the term is used for a component that is encapsulated behind an inter
face.
Services can be combined to provide the functionality of a large software applic
ation.
SOA makes it easier for software components on computers connected over a networ
k to cooperate.
Every computer can run any number of services, and each service is built in a wa
y that ensures that the service
can exchange information with any other service in the network without human int
eraction and without the need to
make changes to the underlying program itself.

SOA Framework:
Consumer Interface Layer
service interfaces.

These are GUI for end users or apps accessing apps/

Business Process Layer

These are choreographed services representing busines
s use-cases in terms of applications.
Services
inventory.

Services are consolidated together for whole-enterprise in-service

Service Components
The components used to build the services, such as functi
onal and technical libraries,
technological interfaces etc.
Operational Systems
This layer contains the data models, enterprise data rep
ository, technological platforms etc.

4) Data Integration:
Data integration involves combining data residing in different sources and provi
ding users with a unified view of
these data.